S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a ti o n

Presented By Course InchargeMuhammad AzharIshfaque Ahmed

Prof. Dr. Saqib Anjum

S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a ti o n

Contents • Introduction• Historical Background• World Wide Synchrotron Facilities • Synchrotron Design & its Essential

Components• Functions of Essential Components• Detection of Synchrotron Radiation • Properties of Synchrotron Radiation• Advantages of Synchrotron Radiation• Applications

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S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a ti o n

Introduction Synchrotron radiation is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when charge particles travel in curved path.

In Synchrotron the charge particle moves with constant relativistic speed on a circular arc.

The relativistic speed domain make it different from Cyclotron.

Ordinary Synchrotron radiationBending-Magnet RadiationSR

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Introduction (Cont.…) A synchrotron produces light by using radio frequency waves and powerful electro-magnets to accelerate electrons to nearly the speed of light.

Energy is added to the electrons as they accelerate so that, when the magnets alter their course, they naturally emit a very brilliant, highly focused light.

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Historical Background Synchrotron radiation was named after its discovery in a General Electric synchrotron accelerator built in 1946 and announced in May 1947 by Frank Elder.

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S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a ti o n

World Wide Synchrotron Facilities

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Synchrotron Design& its Essential Components

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Functions of Essential Components

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1. MICROTRON

An electron gun inside a microtron generates electrons. Radio waves then accelerate the electrons to an

energy level of 22MeV.

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Functions of Essential Components(Cont.…)

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2. BOOSTER RING

The electrons enter a booster ring where magnets force them to travel in a circular path and radio waves

accelerates electrons to 800 MeV.

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Functions of Essential Components(Cont.…)

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3. STORAGE RING

The electron beam travels to a storage ring where it races around fo5r hours, reaching 2.5 GeV.

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Functions of Essential Components(Cont.…)

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3A. BENDING MAGNETS

Bending magnets adjust the path of the electron beam to keep it inside the storage ring.

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Functions of Essential Components(Cont.…)

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3B. WIGGLERS/UNDULATORSMagnets called wigglers and undulators force to emit a concentrated beam of light.

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Functions of Essential Components(Cont.…)

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3C. RADIO-FREQUENCY CAVITIES

Radio-frequency cavities add energy to the circulating electrons to replace the energy that was lost as

light.

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Functions of Essential Components(Cont.…)

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4. BEAM LINE/ EXPERIMENTAL STATIONThe light travel down a beam line, which sends the beam to an experimental station, where optics focus or filter the light to allow scientist to investigate their samples.

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Detection of Synchrotron Radiation

The synchrotron radiation detected at Experimental Stations

Each Experimental Station has 3-Areas

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Detection of Synchrotron Radiation (Cont...)

Optics Hutch=> As X-ray beam pass through the optics hutch it is focused & filtered

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Experimental Hutch=> In this hutch rays strike the mounted sample. This interaction gives the detailed structure

Control Cabin=> In control cabin the scientists control the experiment, monitor and analyse the data.

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Properties of Synchrotron Radiation

• High Intensity

• Continuous Spectrum

• Excellent Collimation (Brilliance)

• Low Emittance

• Pulsed-Time Structured

• Polarization

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Advantages of Synchrotron Radiation

• An Example. The intensity of synchrotron X-rays is more than a million times higher that of X-rays from a conventional X-ray tube. Experiments that took a month to complete can now be done in only a few minutes.

• With synchrotron radiation, molecular structures that once baffled researchers can now be analyzed precisely, and this progress has opened up many new research fields over the last few years.

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Applications • Life sciences: protein and large-molecule crystallography• LIGA based microfabrication• Drug discovery and research• X-ray lithography• Analyzing chemicals to determine their composition• Observing the reaction of living cells to drugs• Inorganic material crystallography and microanalysis• Fluorescence studies• Semiconductor material analysis and structural studies• Geological material analysis• Medical imaging• Particle therapy to treat some forms of cancer

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References Albert Hofmann, “The Physics of Synchrotron Radiation” Cambridge University Press, 2004

Herman Winick, “Synchrotron Radiation Sources: A Primer”, World Scientific Publishing, 1995

C. Kunz, “Synchrotron Radiation: Techniques and Applications”, Springer Science & Business Media, 1979

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THANK YOU

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