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BacterialDiseasesESCHERICHIACOLIINFECTIONSSALMONELLOSESPARATYPHOIDINFECTIONSFOWLCHOLERARIEMERELLAANATIPESTIFERINFECTIONSMYCOPLASMANECROTICENTERITISCHOLANGIOHEPATITISINBROILERCHICKENSGANGRENOUSDERMATITISBOTULISMAVIANTUBERCULOSIS

ViralDiseasesVIRALINCLUSIONBODYHEPATITISHAEMORRHAGICENTERITISOFTURKEYSEGGDROPSYNDROME1976ADENOVIRUSGROUPIASSOCIATEDINFECTIONSINFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)INFECTIOUSBRONCHITIS(IB)LARYNGOTRACHEITISSWOLLENHEADSYNDROMEINFECTIOUSENCEPHALOMYELITISNEWCASTLEDISEASEFOWLPOXREOVIRUSINFECTIONS

NeoplasticDiseasesinPoultryVIRUSINDUCEDNEOPLASTICDISEASESMAREK'SDISEASELYMPHOIDLEUKOSISMYELOCYTOMATOSISERYTHROBLASTOSISADENOCARCINOMATOSIS

ParasiticDiseasesCOCCIDIOSISHISTOMONOSISASCARIDIOSISRAILLIETINOSISKNEMIDOKOPTOSIS

MycosesandMycotoxicosesASPERGILLOSISASPERGILLUSGRANULOMATOUSDERMATITISAFLATOXICOSISCANDIDIASISFUSARIOTOXICOSES

DeficiencyDiseasesVITAMINB2DEFICIENCYVITAMINBiDEFICIENCYVITAMINEDEFICIENCYFATTYLIVERHAEMORRHAGICSYNDROMESLIPPEDTENDON(PEROSIS)

OtherPULMONARYHYPERTENSION(ASCITIS)SYNDROMEINBROILERCHICKENSAMYLOIDOSISDEEPPECTORALMYOPATHYRUPTUREOFTHEGASTROCNEMIUSTENDONINBROILERBREEDERSCAGELAYERFATIGUEDYSCHONDROPLASIATHYPERKERATOSIS

SWOLLENHEADSYNDROME

237.238.Swollen head syndrome (SHS) is a complicated infection in broilers andbroilerbreeders,wheretheprimaryaetiologicalagentisanavianpneumovirus(APV)and the secondary usually E. coli it is characterized by respiratory and nervoussigns.Inbroilerschickens,SHSisgenerallyseenafterthe4thweekoflife.Thefirstclinical signs are sneezing, coughing, rales and conjunctivites. A profuse tearsecretion, reddened conjunctivas and a characteristic oblong almondlike shape ofeyesareobserved.The inflammatoryexudate is initially transparent,butafterwardsbecomesopaque.

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BookContents

DiseasesofPoultryByIvanDinev,DVM,PhD

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11/03/2015 SWOLLENHEADSYNDROMEDiseasesofPoultryThePoultrySite

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GOUTHYPERANDROGENISMINBROILERCHICKENSEFFECTOFSTICKYWILLY(GALIUMAPARINE)SEEDSONHEALTHYSTATUSANDPRODUCTIONTRAITSINBROILERCHICKENSGIZZARDIMPACTIONINTURKEYPOULTSROUNDHEARTINTURKEYS(DILATEDCARDIOMYOPATHY)ACUTESELENIUMINTOXICATIONACUTEPROPANEBUTANEINTOXICATIONSPONTANEOUSRUPTUREOFTHECAUDIALRENALARTERYINTURKEYSSUBCUTANEOUSEMPHYSEMAGASTROINTESTINALIMPACTIONMALFORMATIONS

239.240.Subcutaneous oedemas in the head region, involving unilaterally orbilaterallytheperiorbitalsinusesandthemandibularspace,areemerging.Aseasonalpatternintheprevalencewithpeaksduringspringandsummerisobserved.

241.242.After removal of the covering skin, deposits of serofibrinous exidate areobserved. APV is a virus from the Paramyxoviridae family. The pneumovirus ispresent in respiratory secretions anddischarges. It survives for a long time in coldandwetenvironment.E.colifollowstheAPVinfectionoftheupperrespiratorytract.The triggered inflammatory response results in accumulation of exudate in thesubcutaneoustissue. Inmany instances,acroupouspneumoniadevelopsata laterstageconsequentlytocontaminationwithotherpathogens.

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11/03/2015 SWOLLENHEADSYNDROMEDiseasesofPoultryThePoultrySite

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243.244.245.SHSinbroilerbreeders isusuallyencounteredaroundorafter thepeakegg laying period only in female birds. Unilateral or bilateral swellings of the head,affecting the periorbital sinuses, the mandibular space and the wattles are seen.The conjunctiva and the mucous membranes of sinuses are considered to be theentrancedooroftheinfection.AuniquecytotoxinhasbeenidentifiedinmanyE.coliisolates in SHS that could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Theinflamed by the virus infection conjunctivaassociated lymphoid tissue is the sitewherethebacteriumentersthesubcutaneoustissue.

246. Frequently, nervous signs are observed in broiler breeders (opisthotonus,torticolis) due to inflammatory processes in pneumatic skull bones and the middleear.

247.In laying hens, the ovaries are affected in many instances (serofibrinousoophoritis), resulting in reduced egg production. The diagnosis is based upon thedistinctive clinicomorphological signs. SHS should be differentiated fromMycoplasmaandPasteurellainfectionsandtheskinformofaspergillosis.Preventionimprovementofthemicroclimateofpremises,useofliveandkilledvaccines.

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