Transcript of Swine Industry. Swine Facts Swine are popular because of their meat - pork. They reproduce at a high...
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- Swine Industry
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- Swine Facts Swine are popular because of their meat - pork.
They reproduce at a high rate, grow fast, require low amounts of
labor, and give a fast return on investment. Pork is referred to
as: the other white meat.
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- Swine Facts Swine were first domesticated in Asia about 9,000
B.C. Swine were brought to America by Christopher Columbus in 1493.
These swine were not wild, but of European and Asian breeding.
Scientific Name - Sus scrofa domestica.
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- Swine Industry 3/4 of the hogs produced in the U.S. are
produced in the Corn Belt. When corn yields are high, corn prices
are low and hog production increases.
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- Swine Industry More than 60% of the hogs in the U.S. are grown
in confinement buildings. Many of these are produced under contract
with a processing company.
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- Swine Industry Hogs are the second largest livestock population
in the U.S., with nearly 70 million head. Iowa, Illinois, and
Indiana are the leading states. North Carolina sharply increased
production in recent years.
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- Favorable Factors Efficient in converting feed to meat. Less
than 5 pounds of feed for 1 pound of pork. 9 pounds are needed for
beef.
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- Favorable Factors Swine are very prolific. Meaning they will
produce a large number of young. Sows will farrow 7 to 12 piglets
twice a year. Gestation is 114 days.
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- Favorable Factors Swine excel in dressing percentage. They will
yield 65-80% of their live weight. Cattle dress out at 50-60%.
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- Favorable Factors Labor requirements are lower: hogs are good
at self-feeding. Capital investments are generally low, with return
to investments relatively short.
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- Unfavorable Factors Hogs are susceptible to disease and
parasites. Hogs must be fed a large amount of concentrates and
minimal forages due to the simple stomach (monogastric).
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- Unfavorable Factors Require special attention at farrowing.
Disposal of waste is an issue.
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- Corporate Swine Production More swine are being grown in large,
factory farm systems and less as family-operated farms. Producers
may be under contract with a company that provides the piglets,
monitors production, supplies feed, and markets the hogs. (vertical
integration)
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- Corporate Swine Production During growth careful attention is
given to nutrition and disease control. People are not allowed in
facilities where the hogs are growing. Producers enter only after
bathing and wearing carefully laundered clothing.
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- Classification of Swine Piglet Young swine Barrow Castrated
male Sow Mature female Gilt Young female Boar Male hog
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- High-Quality Meat Hogs Barrows and gilts are used for
high-quality meat. Sows and boars may be made into sausage or
cooked food products.
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- Meat-Type Hogs Swine are produced for meat. People want lean
meat without much fat. Meat-Type Hogs give the greatest amount of
lean meat in high-value cuts, such as the ham.
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- Meat-Type Hogs
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- Need to grow fast and efficiently. Need plenty of muscle tissue
(meat). Long animal, with deep, well- developed muscles in the
hams.
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- Meat-Type Hogs Major meat products: Ham Bacon Loin Cuts
Roasts
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- Production Systems Feeder Pig Production A feeder pig is about
40 pounds and has just been weaned. This system involves
maintaining a herd of brood sows and having facilities for breeding
and farrowing litters of pigs. Boars or AI may be used. Feeder pigs
are sold to farms that feed them to market weight.
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- Production Systems Finishing is feeding feeder pigs to market
size. Ideal market hog weight is around 250 pounds. Many packers
have specific weights. Prices may decline if producers dont hit the
ideal or target weight.
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- Production Systems Farrow-to-Finish Pigs are farrowed and fed
to market weight on the same farm. The producer has farrowing
facilities and facilities for feeding out the pigs.
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- Production Systems Purebred hog production is raising hogs that
can be registered by the breed associations. All standards must be
met. Goal - Breeding Stock.