Pennsylvania Training and Technical Assistance Network

Supporting Young Children with Challenging Behavior

December 8, 2010

Dr. De Voka Gordon

2010-2011 Special Education Paraprofessional Training Series

PaTTAN’s Mission

The mission of the Pennsylvania Training and Technical Assistance

Network (PaTTAN) is to support the efforts and initiatives of the

Bureau of Special Education, and to build the capacity of local

educational agencies to serve students who receive special

education services.

PDE’s Commitment to Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

Our goal for each child is to ensure Individualized Education Program (IEP) teams begin with the general education setting with the use of supplementary

aids and services before considering a more restrictive environment.

District, IU, Preschool Agency Policy

Your local district or agency’s

policies regarding paraprofessional job descriptions, duties, and responsibilities provide the final word!

Agenda

• Define what is meant by an effective workforce

• Examine attitudes toward challenging behavior

• Discuss how to support nurturing and responsive relationships

• View high quality supportive environments

• Develop targeted social emotional supports for young children

Learner Objectives

Participants will:• Describe a framework for addressing

social emotional development and challenging behavior.

• Identify strategies to promote positive behavior practices.

• Identify effective leadership strategies for paraprofessionals.

• Collaborate with appropriate partners to develop strategies for improving children’s social emotional and behavioral outcomes.

An Evidence Based Framework:The Pyramid Model Approach

• PROMOTION

• PREVENTION

• INTERVENTION

EFFECTIVE WORKFORCE

Effective Workforce

Behavior that promotes and sustains the use of positive

behavior practices.

How does this connect to your

professional responsibilities?

Managing Personal Stress: Thought Control

Calming Thoughts“This child is testing to see where the limits are. My job is to stay calm and help him learn better ways to behave.”

“I can handle this. I am in control. They have just learned some powerful ways to get control. I will teach them more appropriate ways to behave.”

Upsetting Thoughts

“That child is a monster. This is getting ridiculous. He’ll never change.”

“I’m sick of putting out fires!”

Examining Our Attitudes About Challenging Behaviors

•What behaviors push your buttons?

•How do these behaviors make you feel?

•How does this impact your relationship with a child and his/her family?

Activity

Managing Personal Stress: Thought Control

Calming Thoughts

“I feel undervalued right now – I need to seek support from my peers and supervisor.”

“Having her in my class is going to be a wonderful Professional Development experience.”

Upsetting Thought

“I wonder if the corner grocery is hiring?”

“He ruins everything! This is going to be the worst year of my career.”

Key Social Emotional Skills Children Need as They Enter School

• Confidence.•Capacity to develop good relationships

with peers and adults.•Concentration and persistence on

challenging tasks.•Ability to effectively communicate

emotions.•Ability to listen to instructions and be

attentive.•Ability to solve social problems.

What do children do when they don’t have each of these skills?

•When children do not have these skills, they often exhibit challenging behaviors

•We must focus on TEACHING the skills!

Key Social Emotional Skills Children

Need as They Enter School

17

Campbell & Ewing, 1990; Egeland et al., 1990; Fischer, Rolf, Hasazi, & Cummings, 1984

Some Basic Assumptions

• Challenging behavior usually has a message- I am bored, I am sad, you hurt my feelings, I need some attention.

• Children often use challenging behavior when they don’t have the social or communication skills they need to engage in more appropriate interactions.

• Behavior that persists over time is usually working for the child.

• We need to focus on teaching children what to do in place of the challenging behavior.

Preschool children are three times more likely to be

“expelled” than children in grades K-12

(Gilliam, 2005)

Promoting Children’s Success

• Create an environment where EVERY child feels good about coming to school.

• Design an environment that promotes child engagement.

• Focus on teaching children what To Do!

• Teach expectations and routines.

• Teach skills that children can use in place of challenging behaviors.

Nurturing and Responsive

Relationships

Nurturing and Responsive Relationships

Supportive relationships are essential to promoting healthy social emotional development

How does this connect to your

professional responsibilities?

Building Relationships with Children

• Helps each child feel accepted in the group.

• Assists children in learning to communicate and get along with others.

• Encourages feelings of empathy and mutual respect among children and adults.

• Provides a supportive environment in which children can learn and practice appropriate and acceptable behaviors as individuals and as a group.

Building Relationships with Children

Why is it important?

• Children with the most challenging behaviors especially need these relationships

• Adult time and attention are very important when children are behaving appropriately

• Parents and critical partners (such as mental health providers and therapists) need to work together to build children’s social emotional competence to ensure success.

Building Relationships with Children

Why is it important?

• The relationships that we build with children, families, and colleagues are the foundation of everything we do.

• Building relationships early on make it easier to address problems when they arise.

• Children learn and develop in the context of relationships that are responsive, consistent, and nurturing.

Building Relationships with Children

Play

Time &

Attention

Home

visits

Share

Empathy

Notes

home

Happy

Grams

•Greet every child at the door by name.

•Post children’s work around the room.

•Have a “star” of the week who brings in special things from home and gets to share them during circle time.

•Call a child’s parent in front of them to say what a great day she is having or send home positive notes.

Ideas for Making Deposits

•Call a child after a difficult day and say, “I’m sorry we had a tough day today. I know tomorrow is going to be better!”

•Give high fives and thumbs up accomplishing tasks.

Ideas for Making Deposits

Activity- Building Relationships

• How do you build positive relationships with

Children? Families? Colleagues?

• Brainstorm a list of things you could do to build or strengthen relationships with children, families, or other colleagues.

• Share within your group.• Identify 2-3 things you are going to do

to build stronger relationships with children, families, and colleagues.

Building Relationships

•When a child misses school tell him how much he was missed.

•Write on a t-shirt all the special things about a given child and let him/her wear it.

•Find time to read to individual children or a few children at a time.

•Acknowledge children’s efforts.

Building Relationships

•Find out what a child’s favorite book is and read it to the whole class.

•Give compliments liberally.

•Play with children, follow their lead.

•Let children make “All About Me” books and share them at Circle Time.

Building Relationships

“Every child needs one person who is crazy about him.”

~ Uri Bronfenbrenner

High Quality Supportive Environments

High Quality Supportive Environments

High quality early childhood environments promote positive

outcomes for all children

How does this connect to your

professional responsibilities?

High Quality Environments and Positive Outcomes

Teachers report that challenging behavior is their number one training need and promoting social emotional development as the second. Eighty (80%) of teachers report that problem behavior negatively affects their job satisfaction and directors report that teachers are not effective in implementing prevention/promotion practices.

Hemmeter, M.L. (2006). Research and Issues for Implementation, Policy and Scaling Up: Training & Supporting Personnel and Program Wide Implementation, presentation, Annual Policy Maker’s Summit, Center on Evidence-based Practices: Young Children with Challenging Behavior, Washington, Dc., November, 2006. www.challengingbehavior.org

Create Meaningful and Engaging Learning Areas

Stand in center of the room– Is there a clear entry to each center?– Is each center inviting?– Are there enough materials (3 units of play per

child allowed in center)?– Is there a system in place for entering and

exiting centers?– Are centers and materials/shelves labeled?– Is there a rotation of materials?– Are materials highly engaging?– Are the activities relevant to children’s needs,

interests and lives?

Classroom Arrangement andDesign: Traffic Patterns

•Minimize large open spaces

•Minimize obstacles and other hazards

•Consider the needs of children with physical and sensory disabilities

Classroom Arrangement andDesign: Learning Centers

Physical Design

•Clear boundaries

•Visibility

•Visual prompts when centers are not an option

•Adequate number of centers

•Size and location of centers

•Number of children in centers

•Organization of materials

•Preparation of centers

Classroom Arrangement andDesign: Learning Centers

Create meaningful and engaging learning centers

• Relevant to children’s needs, interests, and lives

• Highly engaging and interesting

• Variety of materials in each center

• Changed and rotated on a regular basis

Schedules and Routines

Develop a schedule that promotes child engagement and success•Balance activities

- active and quiet- small group and large group- teacher-directed and child-directed

•Teach children the schedule•Establish a routine and follow it

consistently•When changes are necessary, prepare

children ahead of time

Teach with Visual Schedules

Photograph Visual Schedule

1. Turn on water. 2. Wet hands.

3. Get soap.4. Rinse hands.

Photograph Visual Schedule

5. Turn off water.

7. Throw away towel.

6. Dry hands.

8. Go play.

Photograph Visual Schedule

Discuss these two writing centers.

Physical Environment

Strengths?

Concerns?

Activity Turn-Taking Cue

Transition with Visual and Timer

Large Group Activities

Planning the activity

•Consider the length

•Be clear about the purpose and goals of the activities

•Use circle time to teach new things

Large Group Activities

Implementing the activity

•Provide opportunities for all children to be actively involved

•Assign jobs to children

•Vary your speech and intonation patterns

•Have children lead activities

•Pay attention to children’s behavior

Plan for transitions

•Minimize the number of transitions that children have during the day.

•Minimize the length of time children spend waiting with nothing to do.

•Prepare children for transitions by providing a warning.

•Structure the transitions so that children have something to do while they wait.

•Teach children the expectations related to transitions.

•Individualize supports and cues.

Transitions

Targeted Social Emotional Supports

Targeted Social Emotional Supports

Systematic approaches to teaching social skills can have a preventive and remedial effect

How does this connect to your

professional responsibilities?

Giving Directions

• Make sure you have the children’s attention before you give the direction.

• Minimize the number of directions given to children.

• Individualize the way directions are given.

• Give clear directions.

Giving Directions

• Give directions that are positive.

• Give children the opportunity to respond to a direction.

• When appropriate, give the child choices and options for following directions.

• Follow through with positive acknowledgment of children’s behavior.

General Guidelines About Rules

• Have a few simple classroom rules.

• Involve the children in developing the rules.

• Post the rules visually.

• Teach the rules systematically.

• Reinforce the rules at high rates initially and at lower rates throughout the year.

Rules

Should Address• Noise level• Movement inside• Interactions with property• Interactions with adults• Interactions with peers

Involve Children in Developing the Rules

• Have children help generate the rules.

• Name the rule and have a child demonstrate the rule.

•Name the rule and have the children identify the visuals that might go on a poster.

• Have children help decorate a rules poster.

Key Point: Intentionally Teach!(Teach me what to do!)

• Friendship skills• Emotion words/feelings• How to recognize feelings in oneself and

others• How to “calm down”• How to control anger and impulse• How to problem solve

Rules Activity

• Develop a list of 3-5 rules you use or would use in a classroom.

• Discuss these rules with others in your group.

• Brainstorm fun and creative ways for teaching the rules.

Fun Ways to Reinforce the Rules

• Rules Bingo!

• Make a big book about school rules

• Homework– what are your rules at home?

• Play “rule charades”

Ongoing Monitoring and Positive Attention

• Give children attention when they are engaging in appropriate behaviors.

• Monitor our behavior • to ensure we spend more time using

positive descriptive language• less time giving directions or

correcting inappropriate behavior.

Using Positive Feedback and Encouragement

•Use nonverbal forms of positive feedback and encouragement.

•Individualize use of positive feedback and encouragement based on children’s needs and preferences.

•Encourage other adults and peers to use positive feedback and encouragement.

If there is anything that we wish to change in the child, we

should first examine it and see whether it is not something

that could better be changed in ourselves.

Carl Jung – psychiatrist

BE THE CHANGEYOU WISH TO SEE

Mahatma Gandhi

Major Messages

• The first and most important thing that we can do is to build positive relationships with every child and family.

•Focus on prevention and teaching appropriate skills.

•Promoting social emotional development is not easy. There are no quick fixes to challenging behavior.

•It requires a comprehensive approach that includes building relationships, evaluating our own classrooms and behaviors, and TEACHING.

Learner Objectives

Participants will:• Describe a framework for addressing

social emotional development and challenging behavior.

• Identify strategies to promote positive behavior practices.

• Identify effective leadership strategies for paraprofessionals.

• Collaborate with appropriate partners to develop strategies for improving children’s social emotional and behavioral outcomes.

CSEFEL WEBSITE

http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu/

Contact Information www.pattan.net

Dr. De Voka Gordondgordon@pattanpgh.net412-826-2336, ext. 6832

Commonwealth of PennsylvaniaEdward G. Rendell, Governor

Pennsylvania Department of EducationThomas E. Gluck, Acting Secretary

Amy Morton, Deputy SecretaryOffice of Elementary and Secondary

Education

John J. Tommasini, DirectorBureau of Special Education

Patricia Hozella, Assistant DirectorBureau of Special Education