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8/6/2019 Study of Bio Availability of Nutritionals
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PlasmaAntioxidantReserve
To determine SIN-1 induced isoprostanes, and hence the plasma antioxidant re
samples rom each subject were treated with an enzyme mixture consisting o cata
and uricase (2.5 u/ml) in 0.15M NaCl and incubated at 25C or 10 minutes. Samp
treated with SIN-1 chloride (0.2 mmol) and incubated at 37C or 4 hours with shakin
8-isoprostane concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit according to m
instructions (8-iso Prostaglandin F2 Kit. Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI).
RESULTS
For every nutrient examined, the USANAEssentials had the best bioavailability
Essentials produced the largest change in blood levels o ascorbic acid, 15% greate
closest product and ranged between 64% to 73% greater than all the others exami
(Figure 1A).
For riboavin, the mean area under the curve (AUC) was the greatest ater sup
with USANAs Essentials. There was a 56% greater appearance o riboavin than t h
competitor and 96% over the worst (Figure 1B).
Supplementation with the Essentials also had the best absorption o vitamin B6. Th
least 92% higher than all o the competitors. The juice-based product did not cha
levels o vitamin B6 at any o the time points ollowing supplementation, indicati
this product contained no vitamin B6 or poor, i any, bioavailability (Figure 1C).
In terms o a unctional endpoint, plasma antioxidant reserve, a measure o resista
to oxidative stress, was measured. Supplementation with the USANA Essentials pr
increase in PAR over the next closest competitor. The other 3 supplements had oeect on PAR (Figure 2).
CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION
The USANA Essentials outperormed the other products tested by providing the
o key nutrients in the most eicacious orms. The gel-based, plant-matrixed, and
supplement all have similar amounts o nutrients listed on their labels. Howe
that neither the novel delivery systemnor the various sources o the raw mate
the bioavailability o the nutrients analyzed or these 3 products. The Essentials
largest increase in circulating concentrations or all three nutrients examined
the leading daily multivitamin produced a larger absorption curve or ribola
plant-matrixed, juice-based, and gel-based products, even though all 4 pro
the same amount o ribolavin in their ormulations. As seen in the vitamin C cu
juice-based product produced an absorption curve that approached that o t
Plasma antioxidant reserve seems to match the curve or vitamin C, suggestin
heavily inluenced by vitamin C status.
Studies where multiple doses are given over a longer period o time could also pr
into the absorption o at-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, vitacarotenoids, as these vitamins take longer to accumulate in the body. It also ap
vitamin C, riboavin, and vitamin B6, the Essentials not only had the best absorp
maintained increased levels o the nutrients longer over the time period examine
it appears that the USANA Essentials provides optimal levels o the most bioavai
nutrients to obtain blood levels signicantly higher than the competition. Thus,
daily, one could expect to maintain elevated levels o these nutrients throughout t
obtain optimal nutritional status.
BioavailaBility of USaNa ESSENtialS vErSUS
foUr SElEct compEtitor prodUctS
INTRODUCTION
In the supplement industry, products can be rated based on the number o nutrients pro-
vided at an eicacious level and the bioavailability o said nutrients. Bioavailability is de-
ined as the degree and rate at which a substance is absorbed into a living system or is made
available at the site o physiological activity. What good does it do to take a supplement i itis not eective due either to low amounts o nutrients or poor bioavailability? A simple way
to examine the quality o a health supplement is to examine its bioavailabilitya superior
nutraceutical has superior bioavailability.
Some supplement companies make considerable claims about the bioavailability o their supple-
ments, claiming that they are more efciently absorbed. A ew companies go even urther and
state that their novel delivery systems allow their products to be more bioavailable despite hav-
ing low concentrations o select nutrients. Other companies suggest that the nutrients they use
in their products are naturalor ood-derivedand, thereore, are more bioavailable than con-
ventional ormulations. The purpose o this study was to assess whether blood levels o select key
nutrients could reach similar levels ater supplementation with 5 diverse dietary supplements.
Four products were analyzed relative to USANAs Essentials vitamin, mineral, and antioxi-
dant supplement: 1) a plant-sourced vitamin/mineral supplement utilizing minerals obtained
through hydroponic cultivation; 2) a ood-based supplement consisting o dehydrated ruits
and vegetables; 3) a leading single daily vitamin/mineral tablet containing up to the recom-
mended daily allowance (RDA) o select vitamins and minerals; 4) a gel-based vitamin/mineral
supplement containing up to the RDA levels o vitamins and minerals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
StudyDesign
This study was a crossover study that consisted o 10 healthy adult volunteers (8 males, 2
emales), ranging in age rom 2650. One supplement was evaluated each week or a total
o 5 weeks. Each product was given as directed to include the manuacturers recommended
daily dose in a single intake. On each study day, subjects were required to complete an
overnight ast, donate a baseline venous blood sample, and take the randomly assigned
dietary supplement. Additional blood samples were collected 1, 3, and 7 hours later. A
standardized breakast and lunch consisting o a bagel with 20 g o cream cheese was given
to subjects at baseline and again ater the 3-hour blood draw. Participants were also asked
to abstain rom physical activity the day o their study appointment.
NutrientAnalyses
Ascorbic acid, riboavin, vitamin B6, and plasma antioxidant reserve (PAR) were measured at
each time point to obtain an absorption curve or each product/nutrient.
SerumVitaminC
Serum samples were analyzed or ascorbic acid via HPLC according to the CDCs Laboratory
Procedure Manual or vitamin C. Briey, samples were mixed 1:1 with 10% (w/v) metaphosphoricacid (MPA), centriuged at 10,000 x g or 10 minutes, and the resulting supernatant diluted 1:5 in
MPA. Analyte concentrations were determined relative to authentic samples.
PlasmaRibofavinand VitaminB6
Serum samples were diluted with an equal volume o 10% (w/v) MPA. Samples were centriuged
or 10 minutes at 10,000 x g. The resulting supernatant was analyzed or riboavin and vitamin
B6 content via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Natalie Eich, Erik Schneider, Toni McKinnon, Brian Dixon, John Cuomo, Tim Wood
USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah
Product Id ProPertIes
USANA Essentials Atablet supplement formulated withhighlevelsof most keynutrients
Plant-matrixed Atablet supplement utilizing mineralsobtained throughhydroponiccultivation
Juice-based Afood based capsule-formsupplement consisting ofdehydrated fruitsand vegetables
Leadingdaily multivitamin Leading single-tablet-per-daysupplement formulated to meet RDA
levelsof select vitaminsand minerals
Gel-based Agel-based supplement containing upto the RDAlevelsof vitaminsand minerals
Table 1. ProducTs analyzed for selecT nuTrienTs
*Intellectual property portrayed in this comparison remains the property of therespective owners. Comparisons are valid as of May 2007.
*
Figure 1. Change in select nutrient levels over 7 hours ater
supplementation with various products: A) vitamin C serum
levels; B) ribofavin plasma levels; C) vitamin B6 plasma levels.
Symbols represent mean + SEM.
Figure 2. Total area under the curve or plasma antioxidant
reserve. The area under the curve was calculated over 7 hours
ollowing supplementation with various products.
USANA Essentials Increases Riboflavin
in Plasma More Than Other Products
B
USANAEssentials
Plant-matrixed
Juice-basedLeadingDaily
Gel-based
ChangeinRiboflavin(M)
-5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Time (hrs)
USANA Essentials Increases Vitamin B6
in Plasma More Than Other Products
C
USANAEssentials
Plant-matrixed
Juice-basedLeadingDaily
Gel-based
ChangeinVitaminB6(nM)
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time (hrs)
USANA Essentials Increases Plasma Antioxidant
Reserve (PAR) More Than Other Products
0
50
100
150
200
250
USANA Essentials Plant-matr ixed Juice-based Leading Dai ly
No Increase
Gel-based
Area
UnderCurve
USANA Essentials Increases Vitamin C
in Serum More Than Other Products
A
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ChangeinVitaminC
(M)
USANAEssentials
Plant-matrixed
Juice-basedLeadingDaily
Gel-based
Time (hrs)