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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
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CIGRE STUDY COMMITTEE B5 Colloquium SC B5 2011
Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards edition 2
Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
K.P. Brand –ABB / Switzerland
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
The need of a standard for SA
After general acceptance of proprietary Substation Automation Systems… … the market needed a global standard (common for IEC and ANSI world) allowing the mixing of IEDs from different suppliers at least as easy as with copper cables supporting all design & operation philosophies … supporting cost reduction by competition but also more intelligent functions for investments, operation and maintenance … being open and future-proof for safe-guarding of investments for improving technologies for future extensions both by bays and functions
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Semi-logical architecture
Station bus
Station gateway
Station computer
HMI
Control Protection Protection & Control
Control Protection
Process Interface Process Interface
Station level
Bay level
level Switchgear/Switchyard
Cu wires Process Interface
IEC 61850
Process bus
IEC 61850 Process
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Some of the many proprietary protocols in SA
60870-5 -103 PROFIBUS
Protection 1
Protection 1
Protection 2
Protection 2
Station Gateway 60870-5 -101/4
Central Functions
LON
HM I DNP
Process Interface
MVB,CAN Process Interface
others Process Interface
Protection & Control
… before the advent of IEC 61850
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
The basic requirements
Interoperability The ability for IEDs from one or several manufacturer to exchange information and use the information for their own functions.
Free configuration Support for different operating philosophies
and arbitrary allocation of functions, e.g. it must work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems.
Long term stability Future proof, i.e. it must be able to follow the
progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements without application configuration changes.
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Free configuration
Supporting future Substation Automation system optimization § Decoupling of application functions (SW) from HW
e.g. some few HW platforms with different processing power where the application functions are added at engineering stage
Facilitating the use of IEC 61850 in domains outside substation § Same communication model and function model can be reused for other applications and with
other function allocation Allowing the use of IEC 61850 as backbone for Smart Grids
§ High-level interactions between many components e.g. for self-healing of networks and micro grids controllers e.g. for management of very large systems (thousands of distribution IEDs)
Com
mun
icat
ion
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
The approach of IEC 61850
Domain Substation : What data have to be communicated ? Communication Technology: How are the data communicated ?
Slow changes Fast changes
Data Model ISO/OSI Stack
DEFINITION Data and Services according to the Domain Substation MAPPING Data Model to the Communication Stack SELECTION ISO/OSI Stack from the Main Stream
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Semantic Definition of the Data Model
The sent information must be understandable for the receiver This understandability is provided by
§ Standardized data model (IEC 61850-7-x) § Standardized mapping (IEC 61850-8-1 and IEC 61850-9-2) § Standardized substation (plant) description (IEC 81346) § Standardized formal description by SCL (IEC 61850-6)
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Main stream communication ISO/OSI stack
TCP/IP Ethernet
Full 7 Layer
Stack
needed for
Networks (LAN)
Application Process (Function) Application L. Presentation L. Session Layer
Transport Layer Network Layer Link Layer Physical Layer
Office, Home, Industry
MMS Manufacturing Message Specification TCP Transport Control Protocol - IP Internet Protocol
Stack = Hierarchical Set of Rules For Coding and Decoding X11, MMS, http, etc.
Internet
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Data Model from domain Substation
Secondary Technology (Substation Automation)
XSWI XSWI
PTRC PTOC
CSWI
CSWI CSWI
SIMG
TVTR
TCTR XCBR
Primary Technology (Switchgear)
Every days objects for the Substation Engineer SIMG
SIMG
Example : Object Circuit Breaker XCBR What data belong to this object ?
These Objects are called Logical Nodes
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Hierarchy of Data Model
Physical Device (IED) defined as Server
Implementation Logical Device (LD)
Grouping
Logical Node (LN)
Data
Data (Object)
Properties
Attribute
Value
Bay IED Bay Controller CSWI Switch Control Pos Position
stVal Status value INTERM./OFF/ON/BAD 11
Transfertime class*
Transfer time[ms]
Applicationexamples: Transferof
TT0 >1000 Files,events,logcontents
TT1 1000 Events,alarms
TT2 500 Operatorcommands
TT3 100 Slowautomaticinteractions
TT4 20 Fastautomaticinteractions
TT5 10 Releases,Statuschanges
TT6 3 Trips,Blockings 12
Communi- cation processor
Appli- cation function
Appli- cation function
f1 Physical device PD1
f2 Physical device PD2
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Some performance requirements Transfer time t = ta + tb + tc
ta t b
tc
Communi- cation processor
*) Classes according to IEC 61850-5 Ed2
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Connecting IEDs
Logical Device Logical Device
LN DO
LN DO
LN DO
LN DO DO
I/O
Process bus access point (can be same as above)
Client associations
Inter bay bus Access point 1 logical, several physical
Client association IED
Server
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
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Services (1)
§ Read service a value / attribute
§ Write service configuration attributes
§ Control service a device (direct operate / select before operate)
§ Report service with event triggered reports
§ Log service for local storage of time-stamped events
§ Directory service (get directory information = data model)
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Services (2)
§ File transfer service for e.g. – parameter and software download – upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of gas density values – upload for disturbance recorder files
§ Generic object oriented system events (GOOSE) transfer service – Event driven trips, releases, blocks, etc.
§ Sampled value (SV) transfer service - current, voltages, etc. (data stream)
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t
Tmin
2 ms Tmax
1024 ms
t
Tmax
1024 ms Without any changes, the GOOSE-message is repeated with Tmax until the next event / change.
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
GOOSE Service
Change of information = event
x16
In case of a information-change, the GOOSE-message will be repeated within Tmin. The repetition frequency is lowered until Tmaxis reached.
Tmax
1024 ms
x16
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Spontaneous Data Exchange
Services § Report service with event triggered reports § Generic object oriented system events transfer service (GOOSE) § Sampled value (SV) transfer service (data stream)
Definition/Configuration steps 1. 2.
Define Data Set (what data are supervised on change?) Define Data Control Block (when and to whom data are transmitted)
Timecritical Communication
SNTP
MMS
TCP UDP
IP IP
EthernetLinkLayerwithPrioritytagging
EthernetPhysicalLayer(100Mbit/s)
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
The selected ISO/OSI Stack
Client Server Communication
Sampled Values
Data Model (Objects,Services)
GOOSE*
Application specific data model
Abstract Communication Services Interface (ACSI) Stack Interface ISO/OSI – Stack Hierarchical set of rules how exchanged information is coded or decoded in to or from the bit telegrams running over the serial link * Generic Object Oriented Substation Events
Mapping **) Time Synchronization with 1 ms accuracy for event tagging
Clock **
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Physical communication architecture
Bay 1 Bay 3
NCC Interface Architecture depends on the requested availability and performance Details influenced by cost constraints 19
Station Level
Most common Architecture for IEC 61850 based „Edition 1 Systems“ (switched Ethernet ring) Ring recovery by RSTP (Rapid spanning tree protocol)
Bay Level
HMI GPS Time
Station Bus Bay 2
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A/D Conversion
AI
B/D Conversion
D/B Conversion
AI AI BI BI BI BO BO BO
Serial Communication (Station Bus) Protection Function
Serial Communication (Station Bus) Protection Function
Serial Communication
D/B Conversion
B/D Conversion
BI BI BI BO BO BO
Serial process links
Serial Communiation
A/D Conversion
AI AI AI
Serial Comm. MU BIED SIED
Protection IED
I/O Galvanic separation
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Process bus (physical view)
Station bus
hard-wired
Protection IED
Source : Electra 255 (2011)
TVTR
TCTR
TVTR
TCTR
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Process bus (IEC 61850 view)
Source : Electra 255 (2011)
MU BIED SIED
IED
XCBR XSWI
PTOC PDIS PDIS PDIS
PTRC
PTOC PDIS PDIS PDIS
PTRC
XCBR XSWI XSWI
XSWI
TVTR TVTR
TCTR TCTR
TVTR TVTR
TCTR TCTR
IED
IEC 61850 Protection
Station bus Protection
IEC 61850
XSWI XSWI hard-wired
Process bus
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
System Engineering
=E1 Voltage level 110kV
=WB1 Busbar 1
=WB2
=Q2 line bay / feeder
=QB1 =QB2
=QA1 =QC1
IED -SB1
=S1CSWI1 =QE1
and single line
=Q1 line bay / feeder
=QB1 =QB2
=QA1 =QC1
IED -SB1
=S1CSWI1 =QE1
IED Configuration Single line
=XW1
Communication Subnetwork
Relation between LN
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
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System Integration and System Integrator
Cigre Brochure 326 THE INTRODUCTION OF IEC 61850AND ITS IMPACT ON PROTECTION AND AUTOMATION WITHIN SUBSTATIONS August 2007
IEC 61850 - allows for multi-vendor systems (“interoperability”) - does not provide “interchangeability” - does not provide „plug-and-play“ for system integration - guarantees interoperability by compliance certificated IEDs
IED integration to a system has to be engineered - that all data needed by one IED are supplied by one of the other IEDs
(the only killing criterion which cannot be worked around by tools) - that the specified overall functionality and performance is fulfilled
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
System Integration and System Integrator
The System Integrator - is a dedicated role in the project which has to be agreed and budgeted from the beginning - may be performed by a supplier, the user (utility) or a dedicated third party - has the full responsibility that the specified overall functionality and performance is provided
The System Integrator needs for his role - adequate knowhow about IEC 61850, the application domain, the specified functions, the IEDs and IED tools to be applied - adequate system integration tool - financial base for potential claims
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
Data Model extension to other domains
Wind power plants IEC 61400 Wind Turbines – Part 25-1: Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants
Hydro power plants IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 7-410 Hydroelectric power plants Communication for monitoring and control
Distributed energy resources Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 7-420: Basic communication structure – Distributed energy resources logical nodes
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CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
IEC 61850 references in Smart Grid USA NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology U.S. Department of Commerce Office of the National Coordinator for Smart Grid NIST Special Publication 1108 „NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards“ Release 1.0, January 2010 Europe CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Joint Working Group „Report on standards for smart grids” V1.0, December 2010
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850
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Thanks for your attention ! Questions ?