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REASONINGSTATEMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS

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Conclusion means a fact that can be trulyinferred from the contents of a given sentenceor passage. Generally statements and

conclusions consists of a statement/group ofstatements, followed by certain inferencesbased on the facts contained in the givenstatements.Here the candidate is required toanalyse the given statements, understandtheir indirect implications and derive thesolution that logically follows the givenstatement

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Here are few examples depicting

statements and conclusions1. Statement : The distance of 900 km by road

between bombay and Jafra will be reduced to280 km by sea. This will lead to a saving of

Rs 7.92 crores per annum on fuel.

Conclusions: I. Transportation by sea is

cheaper than that by road.

II. Fuel must be saved to the

greatest extent.

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Sol: According to the statement , sea transport ischeaper than road transport in the case ofroute from Bombay to Jafra, not in all the

cases. So, conclusion I does not follow. Thestatement stresses on the saving of fuel. So,conclusion II follows. So conclusion II is theright answer.This is the way one has to

analyze the given statement.

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2. Statement : Vegetable prices are soaring inthe market.

conclusions : I. Vegetables are becoming a

rare commodity.

II. People cannot eat vegetables.

Sol: The availability of vegetables is notmentioned in the statement. So, I does not

follow. Also, II is not directly related to thestatement and so it also does not follow. So,both the conclusions do not satisfy the givenstatement.

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3. Statement : Quality has a price tag. India isallocating lots of funds to education.

Conclusions : I. Quality of education in India

would improve soon.

II. Funding alone can enchance

quality of education.

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Sol: According to the statement, funding isnecessary to improve quality and india isallocating funds to education. This means that

quallity of education will improve in India. So.I follows. But funding alone is sufficient toenhance quality, is not true. So, II does notfollow. Hence only conclusion I supports the

givent statement.

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4. Statement : soldiers serve their country.

conclusions :

a) Men generally serve their countryb) Those who serve their country are soldiers

c) Some men who are soldiers serve their

country

d) Women do not serve their country becausethey are not soldiers.

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Sol: Here c is the option which directly matchesthe given statement.

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DERIVING CONCLUSIONS FROM

PASSAGESIn this section of logical deduction, thequestion consists of a brief passage followedby certain inferences based on it. One is

required to analyze the passage and grasp thedesirable facts from it. Then, he has toconsider each inference in context of the givenpassage , decide upon its degree of truth or

falsity and then choose thebest alternativeprovided accordingly.

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5. A recent survey shows that India has thelowest death rate for blood cancer. China,Thailand and Myanmar also have low rates.

Higher are found in U.S.A. where spices are notused. The typical American food remainschicken rolls, butter and beef.

Conclusions.

a) Americans are unorthodox in their food

habits.

b) Americans dislike spices.

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c) Spices prevent blood cancer

d) Spices promote form of cancer other thanblood cancer

e) Chicken rolls, butter and beef promote cancer

Sol:It is mentioned that Americans have almostthe same diet, with no intake of spices. This

means that probably they cannot change dieteasily and are orthodox in food habits. So wecan conclude that the inference is probablyfalse.

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Questions 6 to 10:

Here is a passage followed by severalpossible inferences which can be drawn fromthe facts stated in the passage. One has toexamine each inference separeately in thecontext of the passage, decide upon its degreeof truth or falsity and choose your answer

accordingly from amongst the alternativesprovided thereafter.

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Passage:

India is very poorly placed in regard to thereserves of gold ore. Currently, gold is mined

at Kolar mines , the worlds deepest and theHutti mines- both in Karnataka. The other twomines in Anantapur and Chittoor destricts ofAP have lately started functioning. The knownreserves are places at only 81000 kg of gold

content. The annual production of gold hasbeen dwindling. It has come down from 7000kg in 1951 to 1931 kg in 1986

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6. The gold production has decreased by about72 % in 35 years.

a) Definitely true b)probably true c)datainadequate d)probably false e)definitely false.

Sol: Total decrease in 35 yrs = 7000-1931 =5069 kg

Therefore percentage ofdecrease=5000/7000*100 = 72.4%

so a is the right answer.

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7.Hutti mines are deepest in the world

Sol: Here we can conclude that the statement is definitelyfalse as it is clearly mentioned in the passage that kolar

mines are deepest in the world.

8.India imports gold from other countries.

Sol. Here nowhere in the passage it is mentioned aboutindia importing gold from other countries and also it

cant be derived from the given passage. So the givendata is inadequate.

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9.India does not have more than 81000 kg ofgold reserves

Sol: According to the passage , the knownreserves of gold in India is 81000 kg. Perhapsthe country has more reserves also which arenot known. Therefore here even the data isinadequate.

10. Kolar mines show the largest production ofgold.

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Sol: Here the fact in the given question may betrue as Kolar mines are the deepest in theworld. So the given statement though not

exactly true probably may be true.