Transcript of Statue of Liberty National Monument Liberty Enlightening the World.
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- Statue of Liberty National Monument Liberty Enlightening the
World
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- Universal Symbol of Freedom Given to people of US by private
citizens of France as a gesture of Franco-American friendship
Dedicated on October 28, 1886 to commemorate US centennial,
democracy and first 100 years of freedom Envisioned as symbol of
enlightenment for European countries battling tyranny and
oppression while conveying demands for democracy by French in their
country Statues ideals have grown from liberty and freedom from
British aristocracy that led American colonists to Revolutionary
War greeting immigrants at Ellis Island to now welcoming visitors,
immigrants, tourists and returning Americans Designated as National
Monument by President Calvin Coolidge (Antiquities Act of 1924)
Emblem of International Friendship
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- Libertys Origins: Fast Facts Official name: Liberty
Enlightening the World (La libert clairant le monde) commonly known
as Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Libert) Over dinner in
Versailles (1865), douard Ren de Laboulaye (French law professor,
politician, anti-slavery activist, Franco- American Union
president) proposed monument to American democratic government in
contrast to Frances dictator-like emperor de Laboulaye was close
observer of US politics and admirer of US Constitution Statues
sculptor Frdric Auguste Bartholdi was member of Franco-American
Union (1874) French financed construction by raising more than
1,000,000 francs ($250,000) during public fetes, festivals,
exhibitions, charitable lotteries and sale of US-patented Statue
miniatures
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- Libertys Origins : Fast Facts Americans of all walks of life
contributed $300,000 during campaigns run by American Committee for
the Statue of Liberty, and newspaper publisher and Hungarian
immigrant Joseph Pulitzer to build pedestal and secure location US
site personally selected by Bartholdi at Fort Wood on Bedloe's
Island in NY Harbor renamed Liberty Island (1956) Project delays
over 21-year completion span included obtaining construction funds
and Bartholdi serving in Franco-Prussian War (1870) Attracts 3.5
million visitors annually TorchCam and CrownCam unveiled October
2011 marks Statues 125 years, and allows worldwide interactive
viewing of unobstructed live panoramic views of NYC skyline, Hudson
River, NY Harbor and Lady Liberty (note: registration required to
access cams)TorchCam and CrownCam
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- Liberty Rising Neoclassical-inspired sculpture Made of 125 tons
of steel and 31 tons of copper from Vigsnes mine off Norway
Original architect Eugne Viollet-le-Duc chose economical repouss
metal-working technique using clay and wooden molds by hammering
from reverse side to shape and create low relief design 21 Years in
the Making Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (designer of Eiffel Tower)
replaced Viollet-le-Duc after his death (1879) and engineered 98 ft
inner iron skeletal framework allowing copper skin to move
independently and sway during strong harbor winds
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- Liberty Rising Influential American architect Richard Morris
Hunt designed pedestal 300+ copper pieces constructed in France and
shipped in 214 crates on French ship Isere which nearly sank in
rough seas during 27-day journey across Atlantic Ocean Unassembled
parts arrived in America on June 17, 1885 but were not assembled
for nearly a year until pedestal completion (1886) de Laboulaye
dies (1883) without seeing the completion of his vision 21 Years in
the Making
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- Liberty Rising Design inspired by Libertas (Roman Goddess of
freedom) and 107-ft Colossus of Rhodes, one of 7 Wonders of the
Ancient World Face modeled after sculptor's mother Torch symbolizes
enlightenment lighting the way to liberty and freedom Basket design
around flame reflects Native American heritage with shapes of
spearheads and corn, an American staple crop Keystone-shaped Tabula
ansata (a tablet evoking the law) inscribed with July 4, 1776 (in
Roman numerals) commemorates signing of US keystone document
(Declaration of Independence) paying homage to liberty as essential
element to a free society Symbolism from Head to Toe
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- Liberty Rising Broken chains and shackle lying at feet
symbolize freedom from oppression and servitude right foot suggests
forward motion leaving behind chains and days of enslavement
Dressed in Pala and stolla, traditional clothing worn by free
people in ancient Greece or Rome Crown references a diadem, a
traditional halo-like symbol of the ideals that the Statue stands
for are above all 7 rays (or nimbus) atop crown signify the 7 seas
and 7 continents of the world evoking Statue as world citizen, not
just US or French citizen 25 windows around crown represent
gemstones and heavens rays shining over the world Symbolism from
Head to Toe
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- Stands 151 ft 1 inch high or 305 ft with height of pedestal
included Top of torch is 305 ft 11 inches high from mean low-water
mark Tablet in left hand measures 23 ft 7 inches tall and 13 ft 7
inches wide Weighs 225 tons 354 steps to climb 22 stories inside
Statue to look out from crowns 25 windows (40 viewers at one time)
Face and torch-bearing arm first exhibited during Philadelphias
Centennial Exposition (1876), NYs Madison Square Park (1876-1882)
and at Paris Universal Exposition (1878) to raise funds before full
design completed Liberty Rising: Fast Facts
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- Completion marked NY's 1 st ticker-tape parade when traders
threw ticker tape above celebration procession passing by NY Stock
Exchange Dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover
Cleveland while serving as NY governor during part of projects
development, he vetoed bill (1884) that would have provided $50,000
for construction Statues design holds US Patent D11,023 50 mph
winds can cause Statue to sway up to 3 inches and torch up to 6
inches Statues green patina color created by copper oxidization
during exposure to weather Liberty Rising: Fast Facts
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- Lady Liberty: Mother of Exiles The New Colossus Not like the
brazen giant of Greek fame With conquering limbs astride from land
to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty
woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and
her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide
welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin
cities frame, "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled
masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your
teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I
lift my lamp beside the golden door!" ~ Emma Lazarus, New York
City, 1883 Sonnet inscribed in bronze at base of Lady Liberty Give
Me Your Tired Poor Huddled Masses Hear Audio
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- Written to raise money for pedestals construction (1883)
Discovered after Lazarus' death at age 37 (1887) Lazarus also
inspired by Colossus of Rhodes, a statue of Greek god Helios,
erected to celebrate Island of Rhodes' victory over ruler of Cyprus
until its destruction by earthquake in 226 BC In contrast to
Franco-American Union, Lazarus concerned by injustices suffered by
Eastern European Jews viewed Mother of Exiles as welcoming
immigrants leaving their mother countries to create a new life
without religious and/or ethnic persecution In 1903, only first 5
lines of sonnet inscribed on pedestal by 1945, all 14 lines
included 62 years after it was written Irving Berlin included
sonnet in Tony award-winning 1949 Broadway musical Miss Liberty
about sculpting the Statue written by playwright Robert E. Sherwood
and inspired by American GIs being shipped overseas The New
Colossus: Fast Facts
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- Ellis Island: Gateway to America US erects building on
27.5-acre site off of Manhattan Island in NY Harbor to greet and
inspect immigrants (1892) Known worldwide as Gateway to America
during 1892-1924 peak years of immigration Lady Liberty greets more
than 12 million immigrants who then passed through Ellis Island
(1892-1954) as many as 5,000 on a busy day About 40% of Americans
today can trace family history (ancestry) to at least one person
who passed through Port of NY at Ellis Island connecting more of
American population than any other US site Coming to Land of
Opportunity
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- Ellis Island: Fast Facts Third-class passengers underwent
health and legal examinations to ensure they were free from
contagious diseases and medical conditions, and were not illegal
contract laborers First and second-class ticket-holding passengers
usually bypassed inspection process Failing just one exam meant
denied entry and return back to homeland about 2% of arrivals Those
passing all exams were allowed to begin new lives in the land of
dreams During its 62 years in operation, 355 babies were born on
the island Immigrant passenger records available to public (Note:
many passengers' names were misspelled)Immigrant passenger
records
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- Restoring Lady Liberty In 1979, preliminary plans began in
anticipation of Statues centennial In 1982, President Reagan
appointed Lee Iacocca (then Chairman of Chrysler Corporation) to
lead public/private partnership between National Park Service/ US
Dept of Interior and Statue of Liberty- Ellis Island Foundation to
raise $87 million In 1984, United Nations designates Statue as a
World Heritage Site evoking international support for restoration
effort From Torch to Toes
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- Restoring Lady Liberty 1984-1986 project involved replacing
1,600 wrought iron bands holding copper skin to frame, replacing
torch, strengthening crowns rays, installing elevator and a lobby
exhibit On July 4, 1986, re-opens to public during Liberty Weekend
attended by President Reagan and French President Francois
Mitterand broadcasted to 1.5 billion people in 51 countries From
Torch to Toes $20 million security upgrade was completed during
closure after Sept 11, 2001 $27.25 million upgrades underway to
125-year old pedestal and 200-year old fort base as of October
2011
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- Restoring: Fast Facts Restoration also included measures to
remedy certain conditions confronting visitors (e.g. long lines,
wait time) Copper skin did not need significant repair despite 100
years of weather exposure Torch rebuilt with 24K gold leaf covered
copper and patinated before installation original glass torch on
display in lobby Statues caretakers over the years: US Lighthouse
Board (1886-1902 as first electric lighthouse or navigational aid
Liberty Lighthouse), War Department (1902-1933) and National Park
Service (1933-present)
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- American Immigrant Wall of Honor Permanent wall featured at
Ellis Island in the shadow of Statue bears more than 700,000 names
Memorializing names is open to all ethnicities, all arrival years,
all entry points and all travel modes into US Common theme is
celebration of American immigration Designed by Ralph Appelbaum
Associates known for Holocaust Memorial Museum exhibits in
Washington, D.C. Only Place to Honor Family Heritage at a US
National Monument
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- Wall of Honor: Fast Facts Every nationality represented from
every inhabited continent on Earth Names include those who endured
forced migration from slavery and earliest settlers of US the
American Indian Some include: Colonel John Washington
(great-grandfather of George Washington), Myles Standish (landing
at Plymouth Rock on the Mayflower in 1620), Rudolph Valentino, Al
Jolson and Harry Houdini
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- References Content and images on this site are believed to be
posted within rights according to the U.S. Copyright Fair Use Act
(title 17, U.S. Code.), are readily available in various places on
Internet and believed to be in public domain. Compiled by Susan
Senning, San Mateo CA 2011 Rising & Symbolism Content &
Images Statue of Liberty, nyc-architecture.com http://nyc-
architecture.com/LM/LM002-STATUEOFLIBERTY.htm Statue of Liberty,
ReasonforLiberty.com - http://reasonforliberty.com/wp-
content/uploads/2008/06/44713552_statueofliberty_bbc.jpg
http://reasonforliberty.com/wp-
content/uploads/2008/06/44713552_statueofliberty_bbc.jpg Statue of
Liberty Design Patent, Wikipedia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Patent_D11023.jpeg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Patent_D11023.jpeg Eugne
Viollet-le-Duc, Wikipedia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc Repousse,
Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, Wikipedia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel Statue of Liberty
Greatbuildings.com -
http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Statue_of_Liberty.html
http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Statue_of_Liberty.html
Statue of Liberty Symbolism - Answers.com
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080216164808A A62gq6
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080216164808A A62gq6
American Immigrant Wall of Honor Content & Images Wall of
Honor, Statueofliberty.org -
http://www.statueofliberty.org/Wall_of_honor.html
http://www.statueofliberty.org/Wall_of_honor.html Wall of Honor,
Wallofhonor.org - http://www.wallofhonor.org/wall_of_honor.asp
http://www.wallofhonor.org/wall_of_honor.asp Wall of Honor, The
Historical Marker Database -
http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=49817
http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=49817 Photo: Virtual Tourist,
Ellis Island - http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/ac69f/cb462/
http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/ac69f/cb462/ Rising &
Symbolism Content & Images Photos: Engineering Gustave Eiffel
Master of Iron, CNRS international magazine -
http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/1583.htmhttp://www2.cnrs.fr/en/1583.htm
Richard Morris Hunt Pedestal, World News, Prospect Park Brooklyn -
http://wn.com/Prospect_Park_%28Brooklyn%29http://wn.com/Prospect_Park_%28Brooklyn%29
From the Vault Lady Liberty, Cityreliquary.org
http://www.cityreliquary.org/from-the-vault-lady-liberty/
http://www.cityreliquary.org/from-the-vault-lady-liberty/ Inside
Crown, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American
Engineering Record, Library of Congress -
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/habs_haer/
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/habs_haer/ Broken Chains
National Park Service -
http://www.nps.gov/stli/photosmultimedia/photogallery.htm
http://www.nps.gov/stli/photosmultimedia/photogallery.htm Tablet
& Torch - Statue of Liberty National Monument, Jet Lowe, 1985
Stola and Palla, National Park Service, Celebrating a Symbol
Teacher Packet -
http://www.nps.gov/stli/forteachers/upload/STLI-teacher-packet-
small.pdf
http://www.nps.gov/stli/forteachers/upload/STLI-teacher-packet-
small.pdf The New Colossus Content & Images Emma Lazarus,
LibertyStatePark.com - http://www.libertystatepark.com/emma.htm
http://www.libertystatepark.com/emma.htm Lazarus Sonnet, American
Studies at the University of Virginia -
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/liberty/lazarus.html
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/liberty/lazarus.html Colossus of
Rhodes, Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_of_Rhodes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_of_Rhodes Sonnet,
StatueofLibertyNow.com -
http://www.statueoflibertynow.com/statue-of-liberty-poem.html
http://www.statueoflibertynow.com/statue-of-liberty-poem.html
Audio: History & Culture, National Park Service -
http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/index.htm
http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/index.htm Photo: Emma
Lazarus, Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Lazarus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Lazarus Ellis Island Content
& Images Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation -
http://www.ellisisland.org/ http://www.ellisisland.org/ Teacher
Resources Statistics, Scholastic.com -
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/facts.htm
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/facts.htm
Passenger Records -
www.ellisislandrecords.comwww.ellisislandrecords.com Photos:
National Park Service -
http://www.nps.gov/elis//images/20060927121319.jpg
http://www.nps.gov/elis//images/20060927121319.jpg Welcome to the
Land of Freedom, Ellis Island and Immigration, ca. 1880-1920, From
the Collections of the Library of Congress -
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b49155/
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b49155/
- Slide 22
- References - continue Restoration Content & Images Statue
of Liberty Restoration, Statueofliberty.net -
http://statueofliberty.net/historical-facts/restoration/http://statueofliberty.net/historical-facts/restoration/
Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation -
http://www.statueofliberty.org/Foundation.htmlhttp://www.statueofliberty.org/Foundation.html
Statue of Liberty Renovations, CBC News 08/11/11-
http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/story/2011/08/11/statue-of-liberty-renovations.htmlhttp://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/story/2011/08/11/statue-of-liberty-renovations.html
Restoration of Statue of Liberty 1984-1986, Wikipedia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_1984-1986http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_1984-1986
Photos: Popcultureaffidavit.wordpress.com -
http://popcultureaffidavit.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/libertyscaffold.jpghttp://popcultureaffidavit.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/libertyscaffold.jpg
Restoration Plans/Scheme For Teachers, National Park Service -
http://www.nps.gov/elis/forteachers/upload/6-8-Statue-of-Liberty-
Restoration.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/forteachers/upload/6-8-Statue-of-Liberty-
Restoration.pdf Content and images on this site are believed to be
posted within rights according to the U.S. Copyright Fair Use Act
(title 17, U.S. Code.), are readily available in various places on
Internet and believed to be in public domain. Compiled by Susan
Senning, San Mateo CA 2011