Post on 12-Jan-2016
description
Spars and derricks
Capt. K. De Baere
Spars
• Rondhouten
• Espars
Spars - definition
• Metal construction (cylindrical or square) to support cargo handling gear, navigation lights, radio antennas, flags and sails etc.
• Samson posts (mâtereau) – light construction often used to support radar or radio antennas, deck lightening also used as ventilation shaft
• Derrick posts (mât) – Heavier construction used to support the derricks
• Derrick (mât de charge)
Older ship
Rondhouten - Espars
1. Fokkemast – mât de misaine
2. Fokkesteng – mât de hune3. Grote mast – grand mât4. Grote steng – grand mât de
hune5. Laadpalen – mât ou
mâtereau6. Laadboom – mât de charge7. Gaffel – corne de vergue
8. Vlaggestok – mât de pavillon
9. Guesstok – mât de pavillon d’étrave
Staand tuig – Le Staand tuig – Le gréement dormantgréement dormant
A. Voorstag – l’étais de misaine
B. Voorstengstag –l’étais de petit mât de hune
C. Fokkewant – les manœuvres dormantes du mât de misaine
D. Voorstengpardoen – galhauban(s)
E. Grootstag – l’étais du grand mât
F. Grootsteng gestag – l’étais du petit mât de hune
G. Grootwant – les manœuvres dormantes du grand mât
H. Grootstengpardoen – galhauban
I. Achterstag – haubanJ. KnikstagK. Schoorsteenstagen – les
étais de la cheminée
Terminology ? – I think we are lucky
Lopend tuig – le gréement courant
L. Boomhangers – martinets
M. Antenne – l’antenne
N. Vlaggelijnen - drisses
Idem dito !
Spars on a more modern coaster
1.1. Geusstok – jack staffGeusstok – jack staff
2.2. Fokkemast – foremastFokkemast – foremast
3.3. Kraanarmmik – jib Kraanarmmik – jib supportsupport
4.4. Kraanmast – pedestal + Kraanmast – pedestal + slewing bearing + crane houseslewing bearing + crane house
5.5. Radarmast and ChristmastreeRadarmast and Christmastree
6.6. Vlaggestok - flagstaffVlaggestok - flagstaff
Masts (mât) and Samson (mâtereau) posts
• On modern shipping very little standing rigging (gréement dormant) is used to keep the decks as free as possible
• Masts on general cargo ships are a lot heavier than on passenger ships or tankers
• Masts are self supporting and are passing through upper- and tweendecks
Parts of a modern mast – passing through several decks
MastklootMastklootPomme de mâtPomme de mât
StengStengLe mât de huneLe mât de hune
ZadelZadelCross treeCross tree
OndermastOndermastBas-mâtBas-mât
Parts of a modern mast
• Cross tree also serves as crow’s nest (nid de pie)• Cross tree is used to fix the mast head span blocks
(poulie de martinet)• On a certain height above deck derrick supports
are provided (to make the derricks sea fast)• Mast, samson posts, derrick supports are often
combined with ventilation shafts, deckhouses (des roufs) and entrances to the cargo holds (cales) beneath
A. Square mast – not supported
B. Samson posts (mâtereau)
C. Ventilation shaft (conduit de ventilation) also used as derrick support
D. Heavy lift derrick (boom) (grosse bigue)
E. Sea position of the derricks
Derrick - definition
• A derrick is a lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is controlled by (usually 4) lines powered by some such means as man-hauling or motors, so that the pole can move in all 4 directions. A line runs up it and over its top with a hook on the end,
• The device was named after Thomas Derrick, an English executioner (beul – bourreau) from the Elizabethan era because of its resemblance of the frame from which a hangman's noose (strop – corde) hangs.
a. Derrick
b. Heel fitting + gooseneck trunnion
c. Derrick head
d. Mast head span eye fitting
e. Mast head span block
f. Span rope
g. Monkey face
h. Span chain
i. Topping lift
j. Snatch block
k. (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy
p. Cargo runner
q. Load hook
F
a. Derrickb. Heel fitting + gooseneck
trunnionc. Derrick headd. Mast head span eye fittinge. Mast head span blockf. Topping lift – span ropeg. Monkey faceh. Span chaini. Topping ropej. Snatch blockk. (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing
guyn. Cargo blocko. Heel lead blockp. Cargo runnerq. Load hook
a. Laadboomb. Lummelpot met lummel
c. Nok van de boomd. Hangeroog aan de maste. Hangerblokf. Hangerg. Walmplaath. Hangerkettingi. Boomtopperj. Voetblokk. (k-l-m-r) boomgeienn. Cargo bloko. Rammelblokp. Laadreepq. Laadhaak
a. Derrickb. Heel fitting + gooesneck
trunnionc. Derrick headd. Mast head span eye fittinge. Mast head span blockf. Topping lift – span ropeg. Monkey faceh. Span chaini. Topping ropej. Snatch blockk. (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing
guyn. Cargo blocko. Heel lead blockp. Cargo runnerq. Load hook
a. Mât ou corne de chargeb. Ferrement de pivot de pied
de cornec. Tête de corned. Support de poulie de retoure. Poulie de retour ou poulie de
martinetf. Palan de suspente - martinetg. Trèfle ou pallonierh. Chaine d’apiquagei. Cable d’apiquagej. Poulie de retourk. (k-l-m-r) pantoires de
brassagen. Poulie de levageo. Poulie de retourp. Cartahu – câble de levageq. Crochet de levage
Légende de la figure
a) Mât de charge ou corne de charge
b) Crapaudine
c) Poulie de retour
d) Mâterau
e) Poulie de martinet
f) Martinet
g) Maille d’assemblage
h) Chaîne de martinet
i) Queue de martinet
j) Polie de retour
k) Palan de garde
o) Poulie de charge
p) Cartahu
q) Crochet de charge
r) Treuil de charge
Legende van de figuur
a) Laadboom
b) Lummel
c) Voetblok of rammelblok
d) Mast
e) Hangerblok
f) Hanger
g) Walmplaat
h) Hangerketting
i) Boomtopper
j) Voetblok
k) Boomgeien
o) Laadblok
p) Laadreep
q) Laadhaak
r) Laadlier
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
1.Portal mast, mât portique2.Cross tree (or upper transverse beam), hunc (ou traverse supérieure). 3.Mast head cargo lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de
retour de levage en tête de mât.4.Mast head span bearing bracket, support de marionnette d’apiquage en tête de mât.5.Mast head span lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de
retour d’apiquage en tête de mât.6.King post, mâtereau support de bigue. 7.Heavy derrick boom, bigue.8.Derrick head span fitting, ferrement d’attache des palans d’apiquage en tête dc
bigue.9.Derrick head cargo fitting, ferrement d’attache du palan de levage en tête de bigue.
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
10. Derrick heel fitting, ferrement de pied de bigue. 11. Gooseneck trunnion, pivot dc pied dc bigue. 12. Cargo winch, treuil de levage (ou treuil de charge).13. Cargo runner (or cargo rope, or hoisting rope, or lifting rope, or cargo fall),
câble de levage, (ou câble de hissage, ou cartahu, ou garant de charge).14. Mast head cargo lead block, poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât.15. Cargo lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour de levage.16. derrick head built in sheave, réa incorporé en tête de bigue17. Shackles, manilles18. upper cargo (purchase) block (or derrick head cargo (purchase) block), poulie
haute de levage (ou moufle supérieure de levage (ou moufle) supérieure de levage)
19. Lower cargo block (or lower cargo purchase block), poulie basse de levage (ou moufle inférieure de levage).
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
20. Becket, ringot.21. Ramshorn hook, crochet double.22. Cargo tackle, palan de levage.23. Span winches (used also for slewing motions), treuils d’apiquage (utilisés
également pour les mouvements de brassage).24. Span ropes, câbles d’apiquage.25. Mast head span lead block, poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât26. Span lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage.27. Derrick head span (purchase) block (or lower span (purchase) block), poulie
(ou moufle) d’apiquageen tête dc bigue (ou poulie basse d’apiquage, ou muoufle inférieure d’apiquage).
28. Span triangle plate. trèfle (ou palonnier) d’apiquage.29. swivel, émerillon
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
30. Span block trunnion, marionnette d’apiquage.
31. Double connecting fork, chape double de liason
32. Mast head span (purchase) block (or upper span (purchase) block), poulie (ou moufle) d’apiquage en tête de mât (ou poulie basse d’apiquage ou mofle supérieure d’apiquage ).
33. Span/slewing tackles, palans d’apiquage/brassage
Derricks - details
• Derricks are constructed out of Mannesman tubes
• Mannesman tubes have a larger diameter in the middle
• The bending moment (contrainte de flexion)is the greatest in the middle
Derrick Heel Gooseneck FittingFerrement de pivot de pied de corne
Lummel (crapaudine), lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok (poulie de retour)
Derrick Heel Gooseneck Fitting
Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne
Lummel, lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok
(poulie de retour)
Derrick headA. Mast head with provisions
for the slewing guys (gardes – palans de brassage)
B. Mast head supportC. Span rope (to hold the derrick
in a certain position)(câble dormant d’apiquage ou martinet)
D. Cargo blockE. Slewing guys (gardes –
pantoires – palans de brassage))
F. Topping lift (to change the elevation of the derrick)(palan de suspente)
Span block fitting
• The hanger block (poulie de martinet) must be attached so it can follow the movements of the derrick
Running hanger – topping lift• Heavy steel wire• One end is attached at the
mast head, the other end goes to the the topping winch
a. Saw tooth drum edge (bords dentés du tambour)
b. Blocking device (barre de bloquage avec poignée)
c. Topping lift (Queue d’apiquage -> cargo winch)
d. Span rope (martinet)
Topping/lowering a derrick• Topping lift is fastened on f.i. on a cargo winch or
topping winch• When topping (heaving) the blocking bar rattles the
indents on the drum edge• When the correct elevation has been reached the
blocking falls behind the indents• When slacking the topping lift the tension is
transferred to the the span rope• If you want to lower the derrick the tension is
transferred to the cargo winch by means of the topping lift. Hence the blocking bar can be lifted and the topping lift and span rope slacked
Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks
• Used to guide the cargo runner (cartahu)
• SWL of the block = SWL on a single cargo runner
• The point of suspension (point de soutien) of the block (poulie) will carry twice this weight
Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks
Lower cargo blocks (poulie
de levage inferieur) and load hooks
Safety hooks and Safety hooks and variationsvariations
Cargo hooks (crochet de leave) – 1 sheave (réa)
Cargo hook – 2 sheaves (réa)
Different Cargo hooks
Heavy Duty models
Velle Derrick => 1 man operation• Derricks are provided with Derricks are provided with
2 double topping/slewing 2 double topping/slewing guysguys (gardes – palans de (gardes – palans de brassage)brassage)
• Slewing guys: If one is Slewing guys: If one is slacked and the other one is slacked and the other one is heaved at the same time the heaved at the same time the derrick swings in the derrick swings in the direction of the rope being direction of the rope being shortened.shortened.
• Both slewing guys are Both slewing guys are directed to the same directed to the same slewing winch but are slewing winch but are mounted in opposite mounted in opposite directionsdirections
Topping winch Slewing Winch
Same Sense Opposite sense
Treuil d’apiquage Treuil de brassage
Velle Derrick
• Both other ends of the Both other ends of the slewing/topping guys are slewing/topping guys are directed to the topping directed to the topping winch but here they are winch but here they are mounted in the same mounted in the same sense. If the winch is sense. If the winch is operated both are turning operated both are turning in the same direction and in the same direction and the derrick is lowered or the derrick is lowered or heaved upheaved up
• Spreader = Traversin = Spreader = Traversin = dwarsbalkdwarsbalk
Velle Derrick
Velle Derricks
MV Advantage
• 1 Stulcken derrick 150 MT
• 4 Velle derricks 35MT
Velle Derrick
Velle Derrick
Hallen Derrick
Similar working principle to the Velle Patent.
No Spreader (traversin) – Function has been taken by the very typical construction at the top of the mast
Hallen Derrick
Hallen Derrick
Heavy lift derricks
• Fully rigged heavy lift derrick in upright position (la grosse bigue avec gréement complet)
Heavy Lift DerrickStulcken Patent
Heavy Lift Derrick
Stulcken Patent
Stulcken 105 ton
Stulcken 150 ton
Revolving Cranes
• In revolving cranes, the entire topping moment In revolving cranes, the entire topping moment ((moment de suspente ou d’apiquagemoment de suspente ou d’apiquage) that is working on ) that is working on the crane is transferred to the ship’s construction via the crane is transferred to the ship’s construction via the slewing bearing (the slewing bearing (roulement de rotationroulement de rotation). This ). This system, however, is not suitable for very large forces system, however, is not suitable for very large forces like the ones on heavy lift ships. Instead, derricks (mast like the ones on heavy lift ships. Instead, derricks (mast cranes) are still used.cranes) are still used.
• A feature of a A feature of a mast cranemast crane is that the crane is built on a is that the crane is built on a heavy, fixed mast. Theheavy, fixed mast. The jib is attached in two places to a jib is attached in two places to a slewing platform.slewing platform.
Revolving Cranes
• The pulley block and the fixed top blocks (poulie de The pulley block and the fixed top blocks (poulie de retour – poulie du martinet) (hangerblok & retour – poulie du martinet) (hangerblok & rammelblok) are located in the top of the mast. The toprammelblok) are located in the top of the mast. The top of the mast is free to rotate relative to theof the mast is free to rotate relative to the mast mast foundationfoundation and rotates together with the jib (flèche). and rotates together with the jib (flèche). The derricks described here often have no crane cabin. The derricks described here often have no crane cabin. The crane is remote controlled by a control panel that The crane is remote controlled by a control panel that either lies somewhere or is strapped onto the shoulders either lies somewhere or is strapped onto the shoulders of an operator. The cranes depicted here are all driven of an operator. The cranes depicted here are all driven electrically.electrically.
Mast Cranes
• The hook block (poulie de levage) is made so heavy that The hook block (poulie de levage) is made so heavy that it slacks (larguer) itself. This is necessary, but requires it slacks (larguer) itself. This is necessary, but requires a large weight because the runner (cartahu) is a very a large weight because the runner (cartahu) is a very thick and therefore tough steel cable that does not slack thick and therefore tough steel cable that does not slack easily.easily.
2 Mast Cranes
Working A Heavy
Piece Of Cargo in Tandem
Mast Cranes
Legend
1.1. MastMast
2.2. JibJib
3.3. Topping lift & running Topping lift & running part of the hoisting part of the hoisting roperope
4.4. Hook BlockHook Block
5.5. Cargo HookCargo Hook
6.6. Hook of auxiliary hoistHook of auxiliary hoist
7.7. Slewing bearingSlewing bearing
8.8. Mast foundationMast foundation
9.9. HatchHatch
10.10. Anti-heeling tanksAnti-heeling tanks
11.11. Top of the mastTop of the mast