Post on 24-Feb-2016
description
FROM WHO?
Spain Claims An Empire
Warm Up
Suppose you are an explorer in the 1500s. You are outfitting your ship for an ocean voyage. What will you need? (list at least 5 items)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3521xURSXk8
In his own words: (Guess who wrote this)
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 11He sailed to the west-south-west. They had much higher sea than they had had in all the village. They saw petrels and a green branch near the ship. Those on the caravel Pinta saw a reed and a stick and they took another small stick formed as it appeared with iron, and a piece of a reed and other grass which grows on land, and a small board. Those on the caravel Nina also saw other indications of land a little branch full of dog-roses. With these signs everyone breathed and rejoiced. They went 27 leagues during this day up to sunset.
Spice Trade/Silk Road
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silk_route.jpg
New Technology
Caravel
Portuguese
Square and triangular sails
Could sail with and against the wind
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110360/Images/scarrack.jpg
Two early Portuguese explorers
Bartolomeu Dias January 1488, sailed around the southern tip of Africa,
named it the Cape of Good Hope. Remember about the current we learned about?
Vasco de Gama Followed Dias’ route, and kept going to India. Thus
opening up the trade route between Portugal and India.
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/map.html
Jealousy
First the Italians controlled trade with AsiaThen the PortugueseWhat follows logically
Other countries want a piece of the pie!
Problem
The Italians and Portuguese are the best sailors.
Solution
?
Problem
The Italians and Portuguese are the best sailors.
Solution
Hire an Italian or a Portuguese sailor
Christopher Columbus
Italian sailor, from GenoaThought he knew a faster routeFirst asked Portuguese, then the Spanish royal courtKing Ferdinand and Queen Isabella assented and
funded the voyage3 ships
Niña Pinta Santa Maria
First voyage left August 3, 1492, and arrive on October 12.
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/05/05/article-1272921-093BA55C000005DC-175_634x426.jpg
Concept of the World
How long was the trip?
August 3rd to October 12?
How long was the trip?
August 3rd to October 12?
More than 2 months.
The crew was close to mutiny. Columbus is said to kept a duplicate log to indicate false progress to show his crew.
Several Voyages
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/56/89956-004-9851B885.gif
Christopher Columbus
The BADTwo days after he “discovered” America, Columbus wrote in his journal that with 50 men he could force “the entire population be taken to Castile, or held captive.” On his second voyage, December 1494, Columbus captured 1,500 Tainos on the island of Hispaniola and herded them to Isabela, where 550 of “the best males and females” were forced aboard ships bound for the slave markets of Seville.
Under Columbus’ leadership, the Spanish attacked Taino, sparing neither men, women, nor children. Warfare, forced labor, starvation, and disease reduced Hispaniola’s Taino population (estimated at one million to two million in 1492) to extinction within 30 years.
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/04/opinion/l-slavery-and-colonialism-make-up-the-true-legacy-of-columbus-866089.html?ref=christophercolumbus
Splitting up the World
In response to westward exploration, Pope Alexander VI drew an imaginary line around the world. West of the line belonged to Spain, east to Portugal.
The king of Portugal petitioned for a new line, one that favored Portugal. A new line was drawn.
Treaty of Tordesillas
http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa112999a.htm
Impact
What present day situations can be traced directly back to the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Impact
What present day situations can be traced directly back to the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Brazil and Macau both speak Portuguese.
http://www.greece-map.net/south-america/south-america-map.gifhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jEE5NgSvBAo/TjgJvePVwfI/
AAAAAAAACp8/1vV3NhDAHxo/s1600/macau+map+2003b.jpg
Three More Sailors
1. Amerigo Vespucci a. Does that name sound familiar?b. 1501
2. Vasco Nunez de Balboaa. Crossed Panama and found the Pacific Oceanb. 1513
3. Ferdinand Magellana. Considered a great explorerb. Set out in 1519 with 5 shipsc. Circumnavigated the worldd. Only one ship returned, sans Magellan, in 1522
http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/geography/geography/discoveries/graphics/magellan2.gif
Magellan’s Route
The flipside of exploration
Conquest
There were 2 main reasons to colonize the new world Ideological expansion with missionaries Economic expansion with mercantilism
Exports over importsRelied on trade
Existing peoples
Spanish explorers didn’t have many scruples about dominating cultures they met, including Aztecs and Incas.In 1519, Hernando Cortes landed on the coast of
Mexico.The Aztec emperor, Montezuma thought Cortes
was an Aztec god.Cortes took advantage and used Montezuma to
rule the Aztecs1521, La Noche Triste1521, Tenochtitlan falls, replaced with Mexico
City
Fall of the Incas
In 1531, a conquistador named Francisco Pizarro led 180 men into Peru.
Slaughtered the Incas and their emperor.
http://search.snapdo.com/?category=Images&start=1&st=ds&q=pic+of+Francisco+Pizarro
The secret weapons
Guile
Disease
Technology
Brutality
The secret weapons
Guile – seeming nice and then being mean
Disease
Technology
Brutality
The secret weapons
Guile – seeming nice and then being mean
Disease – small pox
Technology
Brutality
The secret weapons
Guile – seeming nice and then being mean
Disease – small pox
Technology – better guns, cannons, boats
Brutality
The secret weapons
Guile – seeming nice and then being mean
Disease – small pox
Technology – better guns, cannons, boats
Brutality – felt a human’s life was worth less than profit
Graphic Organizer
1492 1542
Key Questions
Why did the Europeans want to explore the Americas?
Why did Native American Civilizations fall so quickly?
Home Fun
Pretend that you’re a member of the Santa Maria’s crew. Write what it feels like to see land after 3 months at sea.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KebR0l0W4tg