Post on 05-Jan-2016
description
Master course 2011-2012 - 04/20/23 1
Some additional words
about cloud computing
Lionel Brunie
National Institute of Applied Science (INSA)LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205
Lyon, France
http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie
Master course 2011-2012 - 04/20/23 2
What’s a Cloud ?
"A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers” (Buyya et al.)
“A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet” (Foster et al.)
Start point: October/November 2007 - IBM Blue Cloud
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Types of clouds
Public clouds (or external clouds) resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-
service basis over the Internet, via Web applications or Web services.
the cloud is hosted, operated, and managed by a third-party vendor from one or more data/computing centers
organizations/customers lease shared resources from public clouds, effectively becoming infrastructure tenants rather than owners
computing becomes a public utility
Private clouds (or internal clouds) emulate cloud computing on private networks
Hybrid clouds merge multiple internal and/or external clouds
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IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)provides computing environments/infrastructure i.e., hardware, softwarethe provisioned infrastructure can dynamically scale up and down depending
on the actual needsAmazon EC2 and S3
Platform as a Service (PaaS) high-level integrated environment to build and deploy applicationsrestrictions on the type of applications but scalable platformGoogle’s App Engine for deploying Web applications
Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers software to consumers through the Internet Salesforce: online CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Services ;
Live Mesh from Microsoft: files and folders synchronization
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Other XaaS offerings
Storage as a Service
Data(base) as a Service (DaaS)
Process as a Service - Business Process as a Service
Network as a Service (NaaS)
Integration as a Service
Security as a Service - Identity as a Service
Testing as a Service
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Visit of a Cloud vendor web site
http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/
« Values to customers include:Reducing IT management complexity and skill
requirements Sharing resources among multiple applications Accelerating application launches Supporting both existing and emerging, data-intensive
workloads
»
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Characteristics
From the customer point of view:Scalability Reliability FlexibilityCostSecurity and Privacy PerformanceUbiquitous and fast accessQuality of ServiceService Level AgreementPricing systemSimple to use
From the internal point of viewVirtualization« Grid » management
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Comparison of some cloud platforms
From Foster et al.
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Example: Amazon EC2/S3
Compute Cloud EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing)pricing: http://aws.amazon.com/fr/ec2/pricing//185-8840065-1558013/« private » virtualized servers (« instances ») of different types example: High-CPU Extra Large Instance
7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units 1690 GB StoragePricing on a per hour basis for each instance type: from $0.085/hour for the small
standard "On-Demand" virtual machine running Linux to 29x more for the largest one running Windows (Jan. 2011). The data transfer charge ranges from $0.08 to $0.15 per gigabyte, depending on the volume
Data Cloud S3 (Simple Storage Service) pricing: http://aws.amazon.com/fr/s3/pricing/ from $0.055 to $0.14 per GB-month (standard storage), + bandwidth usage (from $0.05
to 0.12 per GB – EU price) + requests (from $0.001 to $0.01 per 1000 requests)556 stored billion objects (Oct. 2011) (Marc 2010: 102 billion objects) data transfer is charged by TB / month data transfer, depending on the source and
target of such transfer.
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Example : Microsoft Azure Fabric
Type d’instance Processeur Mémoire Stockage Performance I/O
Petite 1.6 GHz 1.75 Go 225 Go Moyenne
Moyenne 2 x 1.6 GHz 3.5 Go 490 Go Élevée
Grande 4 x 1.6 GHz 7 Go 1 To Élevée
« Extra » grande 8 x 1.6 GHz 14 Go 2.04 To Élevée
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Microsoft Azure SLA
Compute : connection to the
« Compute » service > 99,95%
Web and Worker roles > 99,9%
note : service interruption interruption > 5 mn
Storage « failed » transactions
(error rate) < 0,1% credit = 10%
if 0,1% <= error rate < 1%Credit = 25%
if error rate >= 1%
1. “Failed Storage Transactions” include any of the following transactions that are also included in Total Storage Transactions:
a. Transactions not processed within the time period specified below:
Request Type Maximum Processing Time*
PutBlob and GetBlob (includes blocks and pages)
Get Valid Page Blob Ranges
Must complete within the product of 2 seconds multiplied by the number of MBs transferred in processing the request
Copy Blob Must complete processing within 90 seconds
PutBlockList GetBlockList
Must complete processing within 60 seconds
Table Query List Operations
Must complete processing or return a continuation within 10 seconds
Batch Table Operations Must complete processing within 30 seconds
All Single Entity Table Operations
All other Blob and Message Operations
Must complete processing within 2 seconds
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Windows Azure: pricing (1st sem 2012)Windows Azure
Traitement
Tarif unitaire
24h/24 pendant un mois (30 j.)
24h/24 pendant un an (365 j.)
Petite instance(1) (par défaut) 0,0852 €/h 61.344 € 746.352 €
Instance moyenne(1) 0,1703 €/h 122.616 € 1491.828 €
Grande instance(1) 0,3405 €/h 246.16 € 2982.78 €
Instance « extra » grande(1) 0,6809 €/h 490.248 € 5964.684 €
Stockage
Espace de stockage 0,0993 €/Go stocké/mois
Transaction 0,0071 €/10 000 transaction de stockage
Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Transfert depuis Europe/Am. du nord
0,1064 €/Go de données transférées
Transfert depuis une autre région
0,1419 €/Go de données transférées
Transactions 0,0071 €/10 000 transactions
http://www.microsoft.com/france/windows-azure/Offres/tarification.aspx
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SQL Azure: pricing (1st sem 2012)
SQL Azure
Web edition
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 1 Go 7,085 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 5 Go 35,425 €/mois l’unité
Business edition
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 10 Go 70,913 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 20 Go 141,826 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 30 Go 212,739 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 40 Go 283,652 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 50 Go 354,565 €/mois l’unité
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Windows Azure Platform AppFabric: pricing (1st sem 2012)
Appfabric
Contrôle d’accès 1,4114 €/100 000 transactions
Bus de service
Connexion à l’unité (en “pay as you go”) 2,8298 €/connexion
Pack de 5 connexions 7,0566 €
Pack de 25 connexions 35,2827 €
Pack de 100 connexions 141,1308 €
Pack de 500 connexions 705,654 €
Transfert de données
Europe et Amérique du nord
Entrant Gratuit (2010 : 0,071 €/Go)
Sortant 0,1064 €/Go
Asie/Pacifique
Entrant Gratuit (2010 : 0,2128 €/Go)
Sortant 0,1419 €/Go (2010 : 0,3192 €/Go)
See also offers: http://www.windowsazure.com/fr-fr/offers/ms-azr-0003p
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Comparison of 3 cloud service offerings(1st sem. 2010)
Offre
Instances a la demande Instances réservées
Transfert de
données
Stockage
MonitoringLoad
balancing
Linux Windows Linux Windows
Espace de
stockage
Requêtes
Amazon EC20.095~2.68$/h
0.12~2.88$/h
0.04~1.12$/h ou
115~6370$/an
0.06~1.38$/h ou
115~6370$/an
Entrant : 0.10$/GSortant:0.08~0.15$/
Go
0.11~0.15$/Go
mensuel
~0.11$/million
de requêtes
0.015$/instance-
heure
0.028$/Répartiteur
-heure
Google 0,10$/CPU-heure
Entrant : 0.10$/Go,Sortant:0.12$/Go
0.15$/Go mensuel
Microsoft 0,12$/h
Entrant : 0,10$/Go, Sortant : 0,15$/Go
0,15$/Go mensuel
0,01$/ 10k requêtes
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Cloud Market
Gartner: identifies the Cloud as one of the four trends that will change IT and the economy
in the next 10 years (http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1470115)
predicts that the value of Cloud Computing will surge to 150.1 billion dollars by 2013
expects SaaS demand to continue to growth to a total of more than 14 billion dollars by 2013
IDC [BBE10]: the market for private enterprise Cloud servers will grow from an $8.4 billion
opportunity in 2010, to a $12.6 billion market in 2014SaaS revenue will grow five times more than traditional softwareby 2014, about 34% of all new business software purchases will be consumed via
SaaS. Steve Ballmer (Microsoft's CEO) (March 2010):
about 75% (90% in a year) of Microsoft customers are doing entirely cloud based or entirely cloud inspired
Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA):33% among all European organizations are using cloud computing systems
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PaaS types
Pourcentage
Serveur d'applications
SGBD
Enveloppe applicative
BPM
Autres
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Some cloud clients
"FedEx, State Street Bank, Northrop Grumman and multiple U.S. Government agencies."
Toyota, Whirlpool, ESPN, UPS, Philips, …
Parallels, CapitalSource bank, aspire, …
spongecell, zendesk,…
CA Lyon, Société Générale, Virgin Mobile, webster, …
BestBuy, Ubisoft, …
Deutsche Bank, Ernst & Young, Honda, Heineken, Allianz
Best Buy, Flightcaster, Shopify,…
Stora enso, Mondi paper, SCA, Sandvik Steel, Lindel, Nynas
simco electronics, media news group, NES, US Data corporation,…
CBS Outdoor, San Francisco courts, Washington state, Victorinox, Primagas, …
3M, Siemens, City of Miami, GoGrid,…
AIG, AMD, Mastercard, Vodafone, …
national geomatica, CI privés, africa inland mission
Dell, Häagen-Dazs, AOL, Canon, …
sitemasher, D3 security, piranha games, …
Delta airlines, FedEx, Vodafone, Pirelli, …
SEDS, ecounting, head start, dfg, …
pixar, sony, harvard, unesco, …
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A market oriented vision of a cloud based IT world
From Buyya et al.