Post on 19-Mar-2020
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Solar/Wind Hybrid Renewable
Power Generators for Minnesota
Rural Transportation
Applications
Taek Kwon and Ryan Weidemann
University of Minnesota-Duluth
Ray Starr, Kevin Schmidt and Roger Sowder
Minnesota Department of Transportation
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Outline
• Introduction
• Renewable light pole
• Renewable power station for DMS
• Conclusion
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Renewable Energy for Rural ITS
• The types of ITS technologies that could benefit:
– Traffic-activated advisory signs
– Advance warning signals/flashers for hazardous locations
– Variable message signs
– Road-weather condition detection systems
• Remote rural areas
– Lack of easily accessible power sources
– High cost of bringing electric utility
• Solar/wind generated power is independent of distance
– No monthly electric fees
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Renewable Light Pole
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Lighting at Night
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Why Solar/Wind Hybrid?
• Complementing resources
– Lack of winds but more sunlight in summer
– Lack of sunlight but more winds on bad weather
• System Redundancy
– If PV breaks down, wind still generates power,
or vice versa.
– Increased power and system reliability
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
November 18, 2006
Rainy, windy, and cloudy
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
December 31, 2006
Ice and snow storm
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
June 12, 2007
Sunny, calm, and no precipitation
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
June 19, 2007
Sunny, windy, and no precipitation
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Summary of Daily Power Generation
• Using the NREL website for fall and spring
– Solar Energy
• Fall and Spring about 75% of Summer
– Wind Energy
• Fall and Spring about 50% of Winter
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Purchased Component List
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Summary
• Wind/Solar hybrid renewable system
– Complementing
• Many rural ITS applications could benefit
– Because power budget is independent of distance
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Renewable Power Station for DMS:
Project Tasks
• Analyze DMS power requirements
• Develop prototype renewable power station
– Design controller
– Install prototype unit at rural location
• Collect data and evaluate prototype system
• Develop design and procurement specs
• Final Report
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
ENTERPRISE Program
• A pooled-fund organization with member agencies
in US, Canada, and Netherlands
• Support jointly-sponsored ITS projects of shared
interest
• Provide test beds in a variety of environments and
locations for emerging ITS technologies
• Identify common needs within the group and
proceed with appropriate technical activities
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
ENTERPRISE Members
• Arizona Department of Transportation
• Colorado Department of Transportation
• Dutch Ministry of Transportation
• Federal Highway Administration
• Iowa Department of Transportation
• Kansas Department of Transportation
• Ministry of Transportation of Ontario
• Minnesota Department of Transportation
• Transport Canada
• Virginia Department of Transportation
• Washington State Department of Transportation
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Rural Renewable Power Station
Site
• Hwy 371 at 250th St., south of Ft. Ripley,
MN
• Rural location
• “T” intersection
• Power station in SE quadrant
• VMS in NW quadrant
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Renewable Power Station Site
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Project Location
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Rural Renewable Power Station Site
(Looking North)
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Summer Solar Energy
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Winter Wind Energy
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Available Solar/Wind Energy
• Solar Radiation
– 5.5 - 6.0 KWh/m2/day during the summer
– 3.0 - 3.5 KWh/m2/day during the winter
• Wind Density
– Class 2 during the summer: 200-300 W/m2
– Class 3 during the winter: 300-400 W/m2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
System Overview
Turbine
Controller
Wind
Turbine
Solar
Controller
Solar
Panels
VMS
Controller
AC
Inverter
Battery
Bank
Power
Safety SW
(COTS) (COTS)
(COTS)
(COTS)
(COTS) (COTS)
NOTES: COTS = Commercial Off the Shelf
(Assembled)
Data Logger
Analyzer (Custom)
= Power Flow
= Sensing
VMS (COTS)
120 VAC48 VDC
Battery
Cabinet
Control Cabinet
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
DMS Sign & Controller
• ADDCO Brick
• 3 Line x 12 Character
• 5x7 Pixels per Character, 8 LEDs per Pixel
• 80 Watts Idle
• 258 Watts on 35 bricks ON
• Amber Monochrome
• Roadside Mounted
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DMS and Control Cabinet
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Battery Bank
• 6V 220Ah AGM deep cycle batteries
– 32 batteries
– Total 42,240Wh
• Capacity
– Provide 7 days of power without charge for DMS
• Cabinet
– Custom designed
– Insulated and ventilated
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Battery Bank
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Solar Panel
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Three Solar Panels
• 3 * 170W=510W Max
• Three panels in series
connection
• Charge controller converts
23*3=69V to 48V
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Solar Panel Controller
• OutBack MX60
• Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller
• Standby power consumption: less than 1W
• Set to 48V charge system
• 60 Amp max current
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Wind Turbine and Controller
• Whisper 200, Southwest
Windpower
• 1,000W at 26mph
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AC Inverter
• Outback VFX3638 Off-Grid Inverter
• 48V DC to 120AC/60Hz
• 3,600W Cont., 6,000W surge
• Idle power: 23W
• Reliable
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Power Monitoring System
• TS-7260 Single Board Computer (SBC) manufactured by Technological Systems– Large flash memory capable of storing more than 10
years of data
– Real-time clock for time-stamping of the data
• Measure currents using shunts
• A/D Converter– PentaMetric manufactured by Bogart Engineering
– No memory
• 24/7 continuous monitoring
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Power Monitoring System
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Installation (1)
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Installation (2)
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Installation (3)
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
After Installation
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Pole
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
CostDescription Qty Unit cost Extended
Solar panel 3 $839 $2,517
Wind turbine w/
Controller
1 $2,521 $2,521
Battery 32 $187 $5,980
Mounting Pole 1 $5,786 $5,786
Inverter 1 $1,899 $1,899
Power data logger 1 $5,94 $5,94
Battery cabinet 1 $1,900 $1,900
Pole foundation 1 $5,270 $5,270
Misc cables, shunts $360 $360
Total $30,003
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Tests Signs
SIGN TEST
IN
PROGRESS
DRIVE WITH
CARE
BUCKLE UP
TEST 01 TEST
ABCDEFGHIJKL
MNOPQRSTUVWX
8 13
18 34
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Sign Tests (7/2-8/21,08)
• 7/7 12:05pm – 7/14 8:30am, 18 characters
ON (132 hours)
• 7/15 8:30am – 7/23 9:45am, 34 characters
ON (193 hours)
• 8/7- 8/20, 13 characters ON (312 hours)
• 8/21 high load test
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Daily Power Data (7/2-8/21,08)
Daily Avg Power State
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
7/2
/08
7/4
/08
7/6
/08
7/8
/08
7/1
0/0
8
7/1
2/0
8
7/1
4/0
8
7/1
6/0
8
7/1
8/0
8
7/2
0/0
8
7/2
2/0
8
7/2
4/0
8
7/2
6/0
8
7/2
8/0
8
7/3
0/0
8
8/1
/08
8/3
/08
8/5
/08
8/7
/08
8/9
/08
8/1
1/0
8
8/1
3/0
8
8/1
5/0
8
8/1
7/0
8
8/1
9/0
8
8/2
1/0
8
Ah
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Vo
lt
Solar Ah Wind Ah Inverter Ah Battery V
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Monthly Power Generation/Consumption Data
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Monthly Power Data
Monthly Ah and Volts
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Aug-
07
Sep-
07
Oct-
07
Nov-
07
Dec-
07
Jan-
08
Feb-
08
Mar-
08
Apr-
08
May-
08
Jun-
08
Jul-08 Aug-
08
Am
p H
ou
rs
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Vo
lts
Solar_Ah
Wind_Ah
Inverter_Ah
Battery_V
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Conclusion
• Wind/Solar hybrid renewable power station was successfully constructed and tested
• Solar/Wind combination is complementary and increases power reliability
• Higher capacity wind turbine, PV panels and battery banks can increase power reliability
• Higher capacity inverter was more reliable
• Large battery bank created an effect of water level on a large lake, i.e., voltage level changes little from the load or charge.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Questions?
• Dr. Taek Kwon
– Phone: (218) 726-8211
– Email: tkwon@d.umn.edu