Post on 21-Apr-2017
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 1
Site Identification & Securing, Land Property or Lease Agreement.
Step Sub-step Details Activities
Important
factors to consider
Authority Challenges
Site Identification And Project Pre-
Feasibility: This step includes carrying out
various due diligence activities at the
identified site/s including analysis of solar
insolation, geology, evacuation of power and
overall financial pre-feasibility.
Identification
of Site
The first step in project design and development is the site identification. In case
of project being set up for third party sale of power or for captive
purposes, the land needs to be identified by the developer. The
category of the land has to be checked with the Revenue
Department of the State. Further, one of the key factor in
identification of a suitable site is to obtain the consent of the present owner of
that piece of land, to sell. Suitability of a place includes factors
such as suitable irradiation, access to site and availability of
1. Identify a
suitable piece of land 2. Obtain
consent from current owners 3. Check the
categorization of the land with the Revenue Department
Revenue
Department/SNA
Identifying ideal lands which satisfy the
multiple conditions of good solar irradiation, proximity to
substation, good accessibility is a challenge.
Multiple owners and local disputes prevent speedy acquisition of
most lands. Local population must also be taken into
confidence before acquisition. Such complex factors need to be taken into
account and identifying sites which fulfil most such
conditions takes time
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 2
evacuation infrastructure. This step is undertaken in
conjunction with other analysis such as solar radiation analysis,
infrastructure analysis etc.
Solar
Insulation And Shadow Assessment:
It is recommended that for
ascertaining accuracy of solar
irradiation data, dedicated
weather stations are erected at the site for
local irradiation measureme
nt and a minimum of 12 to 18
Site specifications
including level of solar irradiation at site, temperature and
structures/obstacles which may cast shadows need to be
checked initially. This assessment is done using ground level
assessment or using reliable data from NASA (RETScreen)
or NIWE which is particular for the designated area or location. Also it is
recommended that for ascertaining accuracy of solar irradiation
data, dedicated weather stations are erected at the site for
The following have to be
checked : GHI Wind
Speed/Direction
Rain
Accumulation
Air
Temperature
Atmospheric
Pressure (SLP)
Relative
Humidity.
Technical advice is suggested for this level.
NA
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 3
months of data is gathered for
observation. It is also recommend
ed that ground based data
be correlated with satellite
and ground station data to get a
better idea about the average annual
irradiation and irradiation
patterns at the proposed
site.
local irradiation measurement and a minimum of 12 to 18
months of data is gathered for observation.
Read more here.
GEOLOGICAL DUE
DILIGENCE : Preferred land
Soil testing and geological experts are
involved in the assessment of geological parameters
Geological testing for:
1) Degree of levelisation 2) Drainage
Technical advice
is suggested for this level.
NA
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 4
orientation is flat, the same must
be assessed at this stage. Other
criteria of review include state
of the drainage system at
site, dust percentage in air and
soil strength to support structures.
of site. system 3) Air system 4) Dust and
soiling parameters 5) Soil texture
and bearing capacity 6) Suitable
foundation system for structures
7) Ground water salinity levels
GEOPOLITICAL DUE DILIGENCE :
NA NA NA NA
POWER EVACUATION
FEASIBILITY AND SITE ACCESSIBILITY : Power
evacuation feasibility
The developer has to consult and check on the interconnection
voltage level with the state TRANSCO for the desired voltage level transmission corridor
up to the project site. A grid feasibility study
A letter of comfort may be provided by
the SNA upon request which is then required to be submitted to
the TRANSCO for a grid
# The interconnection to the Sub
station level has to be done at a specific voltage level
# A transmission
SNA, State TRANSCO
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 5
must be checked which would
include availability of adequate
capacity at the transmission
utilities sub- station, distance to
sub-station, right of way issues etc.
Connectivity to the site (road and rail) and
distance from urban areas would
also need to be examined for
suitability. Accessibility of site by
trucks and cranes is critical and
is done to evaluate the evacuation capacity of existing transmission
system. The evacuation feasibility study
involves the following steps: #Nearest feasible
substation for interconnection #Identification of
interconnection point #Voltage level #Feeders and Bay
available in the substation #Right of Way
feasibility study. study has to be carried out to ensure that the
nearest sub-station or the sub -station
under consideration has adequate
evacuation capacity to support the
solar power plant being set up.
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 6
must also be evaluated.
TECHNOLOGY AND SUPPLIER
SELECTION : An appropriate Solar PV
technology needs to be identified
based on factors such as maturity
and performance of the
technology, space requirement
and availability, available solar
insolation, cost of technology
(capital and O&M), projected
Based on the technical and feasibility studies carried out, irradiation
levels, resource conversion levels, CUF requirement, technical and economical risks,
manpower skills and number, availability of suppliers and spares,
the most appropriate technology is chosen. Further the conditional
requirements of the nodal agency , regulatory commission
and international standards and codes are also taken into
account for choosing a particular technology and make. Thus the IEC for PV and grid
tied inverters and local specifications suggested
by MNRE/NISE must be checked and adhered to. The technology
NA
Analysis of the
following: # Technical
specifications adhering to the Sate, National
and International standards
#Track record of a technology
NA
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 7
CUF’s, risks associated with the
technologies, need for trained
manpower, level of commercial
development and technology
support available from
technology supplier, availability of
technology suppliers/ performance
guarantees etc. All of these factors
play a critical role in the
identification of a suitable technology.
provider chosen must provide equipment which conforms
to IECstandards for solar PV modules and inverters. The use of
specific PV DC cables is also recommended. It is recommended that a
technology having an established track record and credible
technology providers need to be selected.
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 8
For the selected technology,
equipment providers shall then be
identified and selected.
FINANCIAL PRE-FEASIBILITY
: Preliminary calculations on the
overall cost of the plant, the
generation from the plant and
the cost of generation would be assessed to
establish project financial
viability. This activity provides a
Assessment of the project cost, investment
requirement, cash-flow projections & expected return and financial
viability of the project is critical. The pre-feasibility assessment
and report shall cover the risk return assessment for the
project and map the key macro risks and barriers likely to impact the viability of the
project from design, implementation to operation. At the
macro level assessment of following must be
Financial due-diligence
NA NA
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 9
go/no-go decision point for the
project.
made: ##Development Cost ##Engineering Cost
##Land Cost ##Equipment Cost ##Construction Cost
##Operational Cost ##Revenue ##Benefits/Incentives
##Funds Availability ##Cash Flow ##Returns
ENVIRONMENT SENSITIVIT
Y : NA
NA NA NA NA
WATER AVAILABILIT
Y/ CONSTRUCTION &
POWER AVAILABILITY : Carried
out as a part of geological/power
evacuation feasibility
Water
requirements are generally fulfilled through
borewells and other temporary sources of water such as water
tankers
NA NA
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 10
study
PROJECT REGISTRATION
PROJECT REGISTRATION : The
project must be registered
with the SNA along with
payment of requisite fee
The project has to be registered with the
SNA to avail various benefits under the solar policy of the
state. In some states ( Madhya Pradesh), third party and captive solar
power plants may be setup without project registration but will be
unable to avail several policy benefits such as concessional open access charges.
The
Developers/Investor who may be individual,
Company, firm, society, NGO etc. may be required
to submit the following documents, as
applicable, for registration: i. Application in
the given format; ii. Certified copy
of Memorandum & Articles of Association of
the company/ Certified copy of the bye- laws of the registered
society; iii. Certified copy of partnership
deed In case the project is found
SNA
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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to be eligible after evaluation, a demand note
for depositing the requisite processing fee
is issued and such Developers may be required
to deposit a processing fee (generally non-
refundable) and get the project registered within
a stipulated period from the issuance of the demand note;
and In case of failure to submit the
processing fee within the stipulated
timeline , the application for registration of
the project by such Developer may be
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
jassalnavy@hotmail.com 12
considered cancelled.
POST
REGISTRATION : Activities to
be carried out post registration
of the project with the
SNA
The following documents shall be submitted by the
project Developer within the specified timeline for approval: i. Detailed Project
Report (DPR); ii. Land related document
(tagged/identified project site); iii. CPM/PERT chart (for
implementation of the proposed project); iv. Water allocation
order on the basis of water availability at the project site( if
applicable) and map presenting the grid situation; v. Affidavit for abiding
by the Regulations/Orders of the State Regulatory
Commission, State Govt. Policies and the Guidelines/Notifications
NA SNA
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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(applicable to solar based power projects) issued by the
authorized Officials from time to time; vi. Performance
guarantee
PERFORMAANCE BANK
GUARANTEE : A Performance
Bank Guarantee is required
only by Category 2 and 3
projects availing policy
benefits
The developer is required to deposit a
specified amount in he form of Bank Guarantee having a
specified validity with the SNA as Performance Security.
The PBG will be released to the developer according to
the specified benchmarks and time schedule
SNA
BAY ALLOCATION
:
Bay allocation is done by requesting the
State TRANSCO for the same and submitting the requisite documents such
as PPA, Feasibility report, NOC from the
Request for bay allocation can be
done at any time after the pre-feasibility approval and
before grid interconnection.
NA TRANSCO
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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SNA. This may be a chargeable.
PROJECT EXECUTION
LAND/SITE ACQUISITION: This step includes two sub-steps which are – to achieve land lease agreement and changing land category to industrial from agricultural. Land acquisition can be made from any of the following ways:
Lease of forest land Purchase of private land Lease of revenue land
PREPARATION OF DPR AND DETAILED BUSINESS PLAN A detailed project report and business plan covering the site, technology, cost estimates, cash flows, risks and returns is p repared at this stage. The DPR includes information regarding the potential equipment providers or vendors and must also exhibit the credibility of vendors shortlisted for final selection.
APPOINTMENT OF EPC CONTRACTOR, EQUIPMENT SUPPLIER/S AND DETAILED PLANT DESIGN The project developer shall develop detailed guidelines (project uptime, performance of key systems and sub systems and other design requirements, time for development, key tasks etc.) for project design and construction and based on these guidelines appoint an EPC
contractor. The EPC contractor shall undertake detailed plant design with the developer based on inputs from the DPR. The project developer shall also enter into a detailed EPC agreement with the EPC contractor which shall spell out key deliverables like project completion timelines, performance guarantees and the specifications of the equipment to be used during the project construction.
TRANSMISSION AGREEMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE Transmission agreement is signed with the state TRANSCO before commissioning of the project. CLEARANCES AND APPROVALS
Approval or clearances would need to be attained during project construction from various departments. Major clearances which form part of this step are:
Pollution Control Board
Import/Export Certificate No objection certificate from Civil Aviation Department No objection certificate from district collector for setting up the project Consent for establishment and consent to operate from state pollution control board
Permission for laying power evacuation lines by chief electrical inspector
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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Clearance under the Boilers Act 1923
CRZ clearance in case the project is close to the coastline Permission for ‘Implementation of Metering Code’, ‘Protection System’ to be obtained from host Distribution Utility or the State
Transmission Utility or the Central Transmission Utility as the case may be.
CONSENT TO ESTABLISH – Consent to Establish Certificate is to be taken before starting the construction or civil work at site. This consent is to be taken from the state pollution control board. CLEARANCE FROM CIVIL AVIATION DEPARTMENT – Any industry installation which is in the vicinity of any airport needs to take an
approval or clearance from the Civil Aviation Department. FOREST CLEARANCE – Forest clearance from the state Forest Department may be required. IMPORT & EXPORT CERTIFICATE – Import & Export Certificate is required by the developer for imports of any equipment from a foreign supplier. The certificate is to be obtained from the Department of Commerce, Govt. of India as per the guidelines of Directorate
General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) are to be adhered. COASTAL REGULATORY ZONE CLEARANCE – CRZ clearance is required in case the project is located close to the coast. CEIG DRAWING CLEARANCES –
Before the construction work can start, drawing clearances need to be taken from Chief Electrical Inspectorate. A total of 3 clearances are to be taken from Chief Electrical Inspector (CEI):
1st clearance for construction of the transmission line -This clearance is taken before construction of line (after design is approved)
and during project construction phase. 2nd Clearance for construction of the substation and linking inverter – This clearance is taken before construction of substation or
switch yard (after design is approved) and during project construction phase.
3rd clearance is taken for connecting DC part /Solar Field with the grid through inverter. This is taken first after the desi gn is compete and then after construction of project and before connecting it to the state grid.
Drawing approvals need to be taken with the details of the drawing and accompanying enclosures mentioned as follows:
1) Topographical map showing location of the power plant/unit. 2) Single line schematic of entire project 3) Sectional plan and elevations 4) Earthing scheme
Documents required to be submitted along with the drawing are, 1) Govt. order for having obtained permission for setting up of power plant. 2) Power purchase agreement copy.
3) Scheme of grid synchronization. 4) Power Evacuation infrastructure details including sending and receiving end equipment’s.
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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PLACING EQUIPMENT PROCUREMENT ORDERS AND SIGNING PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS WITH EQUIPMENT/ PANEL SUPPLIERS The project developer would need to place orders for the equipment and enter into performance guarantee agreements with equipment
suppliers. The project developer would also need to see the lead time for equipment procurement and delivery while also provisioning time for obtaining customs and import duty exemptions. APPOINTMENT OF O&M CONTRACTOR
The project developer appoints an O&M contractor and enters into an O&M contract. The O&M Contract specifies details regarding project uptime, personnel required, spare parts, acquisition for project for operation and management. Some key tasks besides operation, preventive and routine maintenance include:
Preventive maintenance policies
Cleaning, washing of PV modules Tracker maintenance, if applicable BOS inspection
Penalty on underperformance INSURANCE POLICY & RISK COVER Insurance Policy is taken by the developer during the Construction period related to:
Damage to Equipment (During Procurement, Transit & Erection) Force Majeure PPA risk cover
Non delivery Insurance Policy will have to be taken by the developer during the Operation period related to:
Theft and damage of equipment/project
Machinery Breakdown Force Majeure Risk
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Important Steps for Fund raising or Financing:
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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1. PROMOTERS APPRAISAL: This includes due-diligence of aspects related to promoters background, operational results (net
worth, balance sheets, cash flows etc. -financial statements, profitability to show that the developer has the ability to contribute the equity portion of the project costs), capability to undertake project, management and organizational set-up. Developer’s ability to contribute equity, phasing of equity infusion, assessment of the risks associated with development and operation of project –
identified and assessed by the developer. 2. TECHNICAL APPRAISAL: This step includes following:Solar Radiation Verification
A 3rd party verification of the solar irradiation level is carried out. At least two independent sources are recommended for this
verification.Technology Assessment A certificate from the technology provider as well as the performance guarantee (contract) is submitted to the FI for review. There is a need for the technology package including components like PV Modules, inverters, DC-cables to have proven field experience over the years. The guidelines require that the technology be demonstrated in at least 1 successful project in operation.Assessment
of the DPR An overall assessment of the DPR from technology to grid connection and financial analysis like DSCR and IRR would be undertaken and the results compared to see if they meet the FI’s own and sector norms. Adequacy of equipment and costing of the equipment
from a project viability point of view. 3. FINANCIAL APPRAISAL:
Due-diligence of financial & funding details related to Project Cost, means of financing, Cash flow & profitability projections, Risk
assessment, Financing structure ( Debt & equity), foreign exchange risk. 4. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC APPRAISAL:
Due-diligence of Industry specific factors like market trends and costs, market attractiveness, creditworthiness of Off-taker, risk
guarantees, long term demand, market drivers, regulatory & policy scenario. 5. ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL:
Due-diligence of environmental risks, post implementation impact
6. INSURANCE PACKAGE: Ensure that the project developer has obtained adequate insurance cover for project construction and project operation.
7. LEGAL APPRAISAL: This involves due-diligence of various contractual agreements including the PPA/LOI/Land agreement and others.
ALLOTMENT CERTIFICATE & IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT/ PPA/ PO: ##Due-diligence of the Project Allotment certificate & implementation agreements (PPA – conditions, timelines related to commissioning & project schedule, performance provisions & penalties)
##The FI would also check the procurement purchase orders (POs) and thus POs need to be raised for major equipment/s/ components/ systems/ services like PV Modules and inverters.
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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##In addition the FI may ascertain if any alternate mechanism for sale of power has been proposed in the PPA in the event of default in
payments by the utility. LAND LEASE/ACQUISITION AGREEMENT : This shall cover:
##Due-diligence of the lease agreement signed between developer & land owner, ##Aspects related to lease rent, escalation, period of lease etc. ##Performance provisions & penalties,
##Payment terms & conditions. ##Due diligence of project land, its title deed and its hypothecation to the FI. EPC CONTRACT & PERFORMANCE GUARANTEES: Due-diligence of the EPC contract & Performance Guarantees, aspects like performance provisions & penalties, payment terms &
conditions, after sale service provisions. STATUTORY APPROVALS & CLEARANCES: Key considerations here include:
##Due-diligence of the approvals & clearance given by different departments/agencies ##Aspects related to conditions to be adhered to by the developer for meeting the stipulated requirements for approvals and c learances, ##Penalties to be borne by the developer,
##Whether key approvals have been achieved. Apart from the important approvals and clearances related to evacuation of power, CTE, CTO, approval for Right of Way etc. other clearances as applicable viz. water (from host state water authority for abstraction and use of water), pollution clearance etc. shall also be reviewed by the FI.
SECURITY PACKAGE (PLEDGE & GUARANTEES): This shall cover: ##Due-diligence of the security package
##Personal Guarantee, ##Corporate Guarantee, ##Bank Guarantee, ##Mortgage of property etc.
All the agreements must be transferable to Financial institution. 8. LOAN APPROVAL: Financial institution approves loan depending upon the Project Developer meeting the required criteria.
CONSTRUCTION
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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Project Construction includes primarily, the signing of an EPC contract followed by installation, commissioning, acceptance test procedures. PROCUREMENT: This includes attaining administrative concessional certificates and physically procuring the equipment. Procurement of equipment and components is carried out as per the Bill of Material or Bill of Quantity for both major and non major items. T he major
equipment for a solar power plant include • Modules • Inverters
• Transformers • Ring Main Units • Junction boxes and Cables The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) has allowed excise duty exemption on some equipment to be used in solar plants by
way of Excise Duty Exemption Certificates (EDECs) and Concessional Custom Duty Certificates (CCDCs). These certificates are to be obtained from MNRE prior to the release of equipment from excise unit or port. After the issue of relevant certificates and submission with excise unit and custom offices, the equipment is released.
TEMPORARY ELECTRICITY CONNECTION: During the construction phase a temporary interconnection for electricity supply is taken from local distribution utility. WATER PERMIT: Obtaining water supply connection for and during the construction process. Prior to the start of construction at the site,
a temporary electrical connection from the local/state distribution utility must be taken. This is to offset the cost of electricity in case of using a diesel generator during the construction period. LABOR CLEARANCE: Before employment of labor at site, Registration of Licenses needs to be done with the Labor Department and the
time limit for getting the same is stipulated to be 15 days. CIVIL CONTRACT: A civil and structural contractor is appointed to carry out the works of • Site leveling and grading
• Construction of Control Rooms, Transformer and Inverter Cabins • Switchyard • Internal and Periphery roads • Foundations for Mounting Structures
• Boundary Wall and Fencing ERECTION OF PLANT: EPC to erect the following equipment : ##Mounting Structures/Trackers
##PV Modules ##Inverter/Batteries etc.
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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##Transformer, Switchyard, Substation
##Meters ##Monitoring System & Control The following considerations relate to the step of plant erection:
##Erection of feeders to the nearest transformer/sub-station ##Mounting structures can be used which must be suitable to mount SPV modules and arrays. It must be designed to withstand wind speeds at proposed location.
##Founding of mounting structures is subject to soil conditions (ramming, drilling,WEIGHT foundation) which are ascertained based on geological survey and maximum wind speed. ##Quality standards and strength of iron structure can be of importance. Further, power and control cables should be of requi site quality standards, material and shall be chosen taking into account fault level contribution to the system, full load current and voltage drop.
The owner undertakes the following major activities during the erection of the plant: ##Arrangement of Security service ##Owners engineer for construction survey
##Continuous controlling of materials installed to be of the correct specifications ##Stepwise testing of the installations ##Quality management e.g.:input inspection of all material, PV modules, inverter, cables, sub construction
##protocol of all materials supplied for warranty issues, to be countersigned ##daily protocol of work conducted, to be countersigned ##protocol of daily construction progress and all relevant circumstances and issues
##red flag report of schedule and relevant circumstances ##as built documentation, to be countersigned #setting up of safety devices like intruder detection, CCTV cameras, boundary wall and gate
PROJECT COMPLETION AND COMMISSIONING: The step includes construction of grid interconnection arrangement and achieving the grid connection through clearances, metering and final acceptance checking of project. Most importantly, it includes the following approvals:
CONSENT TO OPERATE: Consent to Operate Certificate is to be taken before starting the construction or civil work at site. This consent is to be taken from the state pollution control board.
CEIG CLEARANCE: Clearance from Chief Electrical Inspector (CEI) is to be attained before interconnecting station to state grid in accordance with the Indian Electricity Rules 1956 (Section 47 a). THE CEIG Inspector inspects three components of the system: 1. The solar power plant
2. The pooling substation 3. The transmission line constructed to the nearest substation
Solar Project Management – compiled by Kamaljit Singh Jassal & Engr Amritpal Singh (from Australia)
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GRID INTERCONNECTION AND METERING: Temporary connection is scraped and new interconnection system is connected to grid.
Local distribution utility to check the ABT meters installed by developer at the interconnection point. The project developer needs to commission the project within the timeline specified in the PPAEPC to undertake the testing of the equipment and take Utility Approval for substation connection. The Final Acceptance Test is designed to check the status of the plant and the proper
functioning of the system and system components. Once it is verified that the plant complies with requirements and testing, the plant will be taken over by the owner from the EPC contractor.All warranty relevant data or testing shall be approved or tested prior to warranty ending to raise final claims by the developer and the EPC. Further, the distribution utility shall provide the necessary
approvals and infrastructure for evacuation of power generated.At the time of commissioning, the developer is to draw up a punch list with the EPC contractor. This comprises of the scope of work that has been partially completed/not completed but does not impact performance or output of plant. The punch list needs to be completed by EPC contractor at a future date within a mutually agreed timeframe with the developer.The process of project commissioning follows and includes:
##Site inspections ##Mechanical Completion Test ##Inverter Commissioning Test
##Performance Test. O&M – Operations & Maintenance
Operation, benchmarking of yield, improvements, maintenance, refurbishment or demolition. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
The project developer may undertake operation & maintenance of the plant on its own or appoint a third party to undertake operation & maintenance by signing a Plant operation and service agreement. MONITORING ARRANGEMENT
The distribution utility to provide certificate of power purchased from the project on monthly basis. The certification to be based upon the joint meter taken by the project developer and distribution utility. IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS The project developer may evaluate the performance of the project on periodic basis and identify areas of improvement.
REFURBISHMENT OR DEMOLITION The developer may need to replace PV Modules, inverters and other equipment due to blow outs and faults. Yield Management
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Periodic cleaning of modules (wet or dry) as per the cleaning frequency determined or as deemedFIT . The cleaning of modules must be
before sunrise or after sunset to ensure no generation loss. Equipment Maintenance The maintenance of equipment must be done in non generation hours to avoid generation loss and grid impact. Periodic, Correct ive and
Condition based maintenance methods must be maintained. In case of non correction of faults, technical team of equipment manufacturer must be contacted. RECYCLING
The developer may assess the options related to Recycling of PV Modules, inverters etc.