Social Studies Chapter 3

Lesson 3: Reconstruction

Lesson 4: Reconstruction Ends

Lesson Three: Reconstruction

Vocabulary Lesson 3 1. Assassinate---Murder

2. Reconstruction---Plans to rebuild

3. Black Codes---Limited the rights of former slaves

4. Impeach---Bring charges against a public official

5. Acquit---Find not guilty

People to Know• John Wilkes Booth-Assassinated President

Lincoln• Andrew Johnson-President after Lincoln• Blanche K. Bruce-Black Senator from

Mississippi• Hiram R. Revels- Bruce-Black Senator from

Mississippi• Jonathan C. Gibbs-Secretary of State in Florida• Francis L. Cardozo-Secretary of State in South

Carolina• Joseph C. Corbin-Superintendent of Schools in

Arkansas

Reconstruction Plans

President Lincoln• Re-elected in 1864• Knew that the South would soon

surrender • Facing the task of rebuilding the South• Five days after Gen. Lee surrendered,

John Wilkes Booth, an actor, assassinated President Lincoln at Ford’s Theater in Washington.

The Civil War’s Final Victim

President Lincoln Killed Assassin John Wilkes

Booth

April 14, 1865

Reconstruction

President Lincoln’s Plans

• Lincoln had already told others of his plans to bring the South back into the Union.

• The South was not to be punished for the rebellion.

• The South was to be rebuilt.

President Johnson’s Plans

• Similar to Lincoln’s• Not to punish the South• Southern states to hold

elections, and when they passed laws against slavery, they could rejoin the Union.

• Most Southern citizens had to pledge loyalty to the Union.

Most of the South Was in Ruins

Thirteenth AmendmentDecember 1865

• Ended slavery in the United States and its territories.

The Black Codes

• The legislators started meeting again in Southern states, and they stated passing laws to limit the rights of former enslaved people.

• Not allowed to vote• Not allowed to travel

freely• Not allowed to own

certain kinds of property

• Not allowed to work at certain jobs

Congress Was Angry

• Congress believed President Johnson’s plans for Reconstruction were too easy on the South.

• They wanted to punish the South.

• They put the South under military rule.

Fourteenth Amendment

• It says all people born in the United States are citizens and have the right to vote.

• To rejoin the Union, the former Southern states had to rewrite their constructions.

Congress Takes ActionSoutherners Swearing Oath of

AllegianceUnion Soldier Enforcing Laws

President Johnson’s Impeachment

• President Johnson tried to stop some of Congress’s plan

• Congress passed limits on the President’s powers.

• Johnson tried to fire his Secretary of War, which Congress had forbidden.

• He was impeached, but acquitted.

• He stayed in office, but was a weaken President.

New Elections• Southern states

agreed to Congress’ new plans and held new elections that allowed African Americans to vote.

• Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram R. Revels were elected to the Senate from Mississippi.

• Twenty African American were elected to Congress during Reconstruction.

Faces of Change

Blanche K. Bruce Hiram R. Revels

African Americans Served in State Government, Too

• Jonathan C. Gibbs-Secretary of State in Florida.

• Francis I. Cardozo-Secretary of State in South Carolina

• Joseph C. Corbin-Superintendent of Schools in Arkansas

Joseph C. Corbin

Need to Know

• What were the different plans for Reconstruction?

• What were the Black Codes?• Why did Congress disagree with President

Johnson’s Reconstruction plans?• Why was the Fourteenth Amendment written?• Know the vocabulary for this lesson, and

the list of people involved.• Be able to summarize the work of African

Americans during Reconstruction.

Lesson Four: Reconstruction Ends

Vocabulary Lesson 4

• 1. Freedmen-----People who had been enslaved

• 2. Sharecropping-Workers paid in a part of a crop

• 3. Secret Ballot----No one knows how someone

voted• 4. Segregation------Keeping groups of

people apart based on race or culture

People to Know

President Rutherford B. Hayes

• In 1877, pulled federal troops out of the South, and Reconstruction was over.

Booker T. Washington• African American leader• Worked to provide better

education for former slaves.

• Founded Tuskegee Institute in 1881

President Rutherford B. Hayes

Booker T. Washington

The South’s Economy

Problems • After the Civil War, the

South’s economy was ruined.

• The economy affected both blacks and whites.

• The land was rendered useless.

• There were no seeds for a new crop and no one to work the land.

Solutions• Congress established the

Freedmen’s Bureau in 1865.

• Gave out food and supplies

• It mainly set up schools.• Built more than 4,000

schools.

Hard Times

Workers Without Work Charleston, South Carolina

Sharecropping

Ex-Slaves• Many had to stay on the

plantations where they had been slaves.

• Many who left as soon as they were freed, had to return.

• They had to return to the labor they did as slaves.

Landowners• Set up sharecropping, a

system in which the landowner provided a cabin, mules, tools, and seed.

• The worked did not pay in money, but in a share of the crop when it was raised.

• Even in good times, the worker shares paid very little.

Picking Cotton

Reconstruction Ends

Taking Away Voting Rights

• Many landowners organized to regain their authority.

• They wanted to control how people voted.

• Many states in 1860’s did not have a secret ballot.

• Secret societies were formed to keep African Americans from voting.

Segregation• Birth of the KKK, Ku Klux

Klan• Used violence against

blacks and anyone who tried to help former slaves.

• Segregation became the normal thing.

• Segregation keeps people in separate groups based on race or culture.

A KKK Rally

“Jim Crow” Laws

Separated by Segregation• “Jim Crow” Laws passed

to keep segregation in place in many states.

• Laws set up a system that forced the races apart.

• If someone broke one of these laws, he/she would be arrested and punished.

Separate, But Unequal

Need to Know• Know the challenges the South faced after the

war• Know the vocabulary and People• Know about the economy of the South after

the war• Know about sharecropping• Know about segregation and “Jim Crow” Laws

The End:

Chapter 3 the Civil War and Reconstruction