MAJOR THEMES:

JUSTICE

JUSTICE

A HABITWHEREBY A PERSON

WITH A LASTING AND PERPETUAL WILLRENDERS TO EACH HIS

DUE.

THREE PROPERTIES OF JUSTICE

OTHERNESS INDEBTEDNESS EQUALITY

OTHERNESS

JUSTICE IS ALWAYS DIRECTED

TO ANOTHER PERSON.

JUSTICE PUTS IN ORDER THE PERSON’S RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER.

INDEBTEDNESS

DEMAND OF JUSTICE:TO GIVE WHAT BACK WHAT BELONGS TO OTHERS

EQUALITY

TO GIVE PROPOTIONATELY WHAT IS DUE,NEITHER MORE OR LESS

KINDS OF JUSTICEBASED ON THREE POSSIBLE KINDS OF RELATIONSHIPS

INDIVIDUAL - SOCIETY

INDIVIDUAL - INDIVIDUAL

SOCIETY - INDIVIDUAL

1. LEGAL 2. COMMUTATIVE 3. DISTRIBUTIVE

A. GENERAL JUSTICE B. PARTICULAR JUSTICE

LEGAL JUSTICE

INDIVIDUAL PERSON TO SOCIETY

OBJECT: COMMON GOOD

COMMON GOOD IS ABOVE

PERSONAL GOOD.

CARRIED OUT BY CITIZENS IN OBEDIENCE TO JUST LAWSENFORCED BY

CIVIL AUTHORITIES.

LEGAL JUSTICE IS ESTABLISHED BY LAWSTHROUGH WHICH LEADERS DIRECT CITIZENS

TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF COMMON GOOD

COMMUTATIVE JUSTICEDIRECTS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL

PERSONSALSO KNOWN AS COMPENSATORY/CONTRACTUAL JUSTICE.

REGULATED BY: PRIVATE RIGHTS OF CONTRACTS AND DEMANDS.

EXCHANGES BETWEEN PERSONS MUST BE OF EQUAL VALUE

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

DIRECTS RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL WHOLE/

SOCIETY TO THE INDIVIDUAL

ACCORDING TO PROPORTIONATE

EQUALITY.

SOCIALJUSTICE

INDIVIDUALS INDIVIDUALS

SOCIETY

COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE

LEGAL/CONTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

RIGHTS OF THE POOR AND PROPERTY

RIGHTS OF THE POOR AND PROPERTY

WHEN IS ONE UNJUST TO THE POOR?

WHEN ONE HAS MORE GOODSTHAN HE OUGHT TO HAVE

WHEN ONE HAS MORE BURDENS THAN HE OUGHT TO BEAR

DEMAND OF JUSTICE

TO RETURN TO OTHERS WHAT BELONGS TO THEM

SO THAT THEY WILL HAVE THEIR JUST SHARE OF THE GOODS OF THE EARTH

PRIMACY OF THE UNIVERSAL

DESTINY OF THE GOODS OF THE

EARTH.

THREE INTER-RELATED QUESTIONS

CAN MEN POSSESS EXTERNAL GOODS?

IS IT LAWFUL FOR MAN TO POSSESS GOODS AS HIS OWN?

IS IT JUSTIFIABLE FOR A MAN IN NEED TO STEAL?

CAN MEN POSSESS EXTERNAL GOODS?

A. WITH REGARD TO THEIR NATURE:

NO

ONLY GOD HAS THE SOVEREIGN POWER

OR DOMINION OVER ALL THINGS

B. WITH REGARD TO USE AND MANAGEMENT:

YES

IS IT LAWFUL FOR MAN TO POSSESS GOODS AS HIS OWN?

IT IS NECESSARY FOR MAN TO POSSESS EXTERNAL GOODS

MAN TAKES CARE OF THINGS WHICH ARE HIS SOLE RESPONSIBILITY.

HUMAN AFFAIRS ARE MORE EFFICIENT, IF EACH PERSON HAS HIS OWN RESPONSIBILITY.

MAN LIVE TOGETHER IN GREATER PEACE, WHEN EVERYONE IS CONTENT WITH WHAT IS HIS.

IS IT JUSTIFIABLE FOR A MAN IN NEED TO STEAL?

AS A LAST RESORT, YES!

BECAUSE IN CASE OF NECESSITY, EVERYTHING IS HELD IN COMMON.

TO TAKE WHAT IS NEEDED IS NOT A THEFT BUT A RIGHT.

THE RIGHT TO LIFE IS ABOVE THE RIGHT TO PROPERTY.

THE POOR IN NEED MAY, AND SHOULD TAKEFROM THE SQUANDERING AND SELFISH RICH

THE RICH ARE OBLIGED TO GIVE TO THE NEEDY WHAT THEY DO NOT NEED

HUMAN DIGNITY AND RIGHTS

HUMAN DIGNITY AND RIGHTS

THE HUMAN PERSON POSSESSESS DIGNITYTHAT HAS NO PRICE BUT VALUE

(IMMANUEL KANT)

HUMAN DIGNITY

RELATED TO GOODNESS, EXCELLENCE AND, PERFECTION

CHRISTIAN POINT OF VIEW

THREE PERSPECTIVES:

IMAGE OF GOD

CHILD OF GOD

DESTINED FOR ETERNAL LIFE

FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY OF ALL MEN:WE ARE ALL EQUAL IN ESSENTIAL DIGNITY

HUMAN DIGNITY MEANS: POSSESSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS:

UNIVERSALITY

NEITHER ACQUIREDNOT LOST

DO NOT ADMIT DEGREES

HUMAN RIGHTS

IN RELATION TO THINGS, POWERS OR PRIVILEGES

TO WHICH INDIVIDUAL HAVE A JUST CLAIM OR ARE ENTITLED TO

UNDER NATURAL LAWAS A CONSEQUENCE OF BEING HUMAN

TWO KINDS OF RIGHTS

1. NATURAL RIGHTS

RIGHTS THAT COME FROM HUMAN NATURE ITSEF

EXIST PRIOR TO ANY FORMOF HUMAN ORGANIZATION OR INSTITUTION

2. LEGAL RIGHTS

GRANTED TO CITIZENS BY THE GOVERNMENT

SPECIFIC TO PARTICULAR CULTURES

SUBJECT TO SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

DUTIES

THE DEBT THAT WE HAVE TO PAY FOR THE RIGHT WE ALL POSSESS

RIGHTS AND DUTIES ARE CORELATIVE:

TO ONE MAN’S RIGHTS THERE CORRESPONDS A DUTY IN ALL OTHER PERSONS

TWO STAGES THAT MANIFEST THE FUNDAMENTAL CORRELATION BETWEEN RIGHTS AND DUTIES

FIRST STAGE:

WHEN THE POSSESOR IS CONSCIOUS OF HIS RIGHTS AND IS EQUALLY AWARE OF HIS DUTIES AND OBLIGATION TO DISCHARGE THESE DUTIES

SECOND STAGE:

COMES ABOUT IN THE RELATIONSHIP THAT EXISTS BETWEEN THE RIGHT OF THE PERSON AND THE OBLIGATION OF OTHERS TO RECOGNIZE AND RESPECT IT.

PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR

PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR

NATURE OF THE OPTION

DECISION AND COMMITMENTIN FAVOR OF THE POOR

THE CHOICE OF THE POOR

AS A PRIORITY OF CHRISTIAN WITNESSING TO JUSTICE

DEMANDS:

1. SOLIDARITY WITH THE POOR

REQUIRES GENUINE UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD OF THE POOR

DEMANDS A LIFE STYLE THAT IS SIMPLE, SOBER AND, AUSTERE

WE MUST LIVE SIMPLY SO THAT OTHERS MAY SIMPLY LIVE

2. DENUNCIATION AND STRUGGLE

AGAINST INJUSTICE AND OPPRESSION

TO OPT AGAINST THE UNJUST SITUATION OF THE POOR

TO HAVE A COMMITIMENT AGAINST INJUSTICE

3. CONSCIENTIZATION OF THE POOR

THE POOR MUST BE TAUGHT TO RECOGNIZE AND

THEIR PROBLEMS AND THEIR CAUSES

4. ORGANIZATION OF THE POOR

REAL TRANSFORMATION

TAKES PLACE ONLY WHEN THE POOR ARE

ABLE TO ACHIEVE THEIR DEVELOPMENT

BASED ON THEIR INHERENT DIGNITY AND RESOURCES.

THE POOR HAVE THE MOST URGENT MORAL CLAIM

ON THE CONSCIENCE OF THE NATION

WE ARE CALLED TO LOOK AT PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS IN TERMS OF HOW THEY AFFECT THE POOR.

HUMAN WORK

DIGNITY OF HUMAN WORK

HUMAN WORK IS A KEY, PROBABLY THE ESSENTIAL KEY

TO THE SOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL

PROBLEM

POPE JOHN PAUL II

CHRISTIAN MEANING OF WORKANY ACTIVITY OF MAN

MANUAL OR INTELLECTUAL THROUGH WHICH

HE PRODUCES SOMETHING NEW

WORKIS A SOCIAL

ACTIVITY

THROUGH WHICH MAN DEVELOPS HIS

CO-HUMANITY.

TWO SENSES OF WORK

OBJECTIVE SENSE

PRODUCTS THAT RESULT

FROM HUMAN ACTIVITY

SUBJECTIVE SENSE

THE HUMAN PERSON WHO WORKS

THE CHURCH GIVES EMPHASIS TO THE SUBJECTIVE SENSE OF WORK

MAN IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE OBJECT PRODUCEDDUE TO HIS INTELLIGENCE AND FREE WILL

2 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

1. WORK IS FOR MAN, NOT MAN FOR WORK MAN IS ALWAYS THE END OF WORK

TECHNLOGY IS AN ALLY OF MAN: AT THE SERVICE OF WORKERS

2. PRIORITY OF LABOR OVER CAPITAL

THE PRINCIPLE OF PRIORITY OF LABOR OVER CAPITAL

IS A POSTULATE ORDER OF SOCIAL MORALITYPOPE JOHN PAUL II

CHRISTIAN OBLIGATION TO WORK

WORK IS A FORMAL WAY OF SELF-PRESERVATION

MAN SATISFIES HIS MATERIAL NEEDS AND THE NEEDS OF THOSE ENTRUSTED TO HIM

WORK IS NOT ONLY A HUMAN RIGHT BUT ALSO AN OBLIGATION

EVERYONE HAS A MORAL OBLIGATION TO WORK

TO MAINTAIN AND DEVELOP HIS HUMANITYFOR HIS FAMILY, COUNTRY AND THE WHOLE HUMAN COMMUNITY