Post on 08-Apr-2018
8/7/2019 Small Arms Proliferation Within the Region in east africa
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INTRODUCTION
Small arms refer to the weapons that a singleindividual can carry and operate. They may include
revolvers, self-loading pistols, rifles, carbines,
assault rifles, submachine guns, light machine guns
and associated ammunition.
Illegal firearms pose a major threat to public safety
throughout central and east Africa, encouraging
crime fuelling and prolonging conflict.
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`
Millions of lives have already been lost in the
region, and the supply of arms to both
governments and rebel groups continues to grow.
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` Armed millitia groups
` Terrorism
` Lawlessness
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` The countries affected includes;
` Ethiopia
` Cameroon` Central African republic
` Democratic republic of congo
` Kenya
` Uganda
` Djibouti
` Somalia
` Eritrea` Ethiopia
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` Rwanda
` Sudan
` Tanzania
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` Porous boarders with politically unstable countries
` Ineffective and not properly manned boarders
` Poor and corrupt policing of boarders
` National raw not adequately enforced` Livestock keeping by the pastoralists
` Cultural obligations e.g pokots
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` Deterioration of security
` Poor living conditions
` Lack of education
` Lack of civilization` Conflicts between communities
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` Small arms are seized or stolen from government
forces, looted from state armories, purchased from
corrupt soldiers .
` peacekeepers are occasionally relieved of their small
arms, which often end up in rebel arsenals. The
ambush of Guinean peacekeepers in January 2000,
for example, netted Sierra Leonean rebels more than
550 weapons, including assault rifles, machineguns,
rocket-propelled grenades and two tons of ammunitionstolen from private owners.
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` Rebels and other armed groups are another
major source of illicit small arms
` Governments and armed groups in neighboringstates are also significant sources of illicit small
arms. Many civil conflicts in Africa quickly
transforming to regional wars as neighboring
governments provide material support to one or more of the parties to the conflict
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` The unstable states in the Horn of Africa are one of the principal sources of small arms and lightsweapons
` Since independence from Britain in 1962, Uganda has
witnessed seven military coups, the last one in 1986,when the current head of state, President YoweriKaguta Museveni, took over power. Invariably, whenone government loses control and the newgovernment assumes control of the state, soldiers ±
sometimes comprising full units and battalions ± fleewith their weapons to wage civil war against the coupvictors
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` The SPLA rebels received arms from sympathetic
governments like Uganda. They also raided
government armouries and purchased weapons
from disgruntled government soldiers.
Unfortunately rebel movements do not have
mechanisms for tracking and monitoring how arms
are used, so many can end up in wrong hands
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` Other sources of weapons entering Kenya include
arms destined for neighbouring countries which are
diverted, arms used for drug trafficking to and fromsouthern Africa, and arms entering with refugees. In
some instances, arms are stolen from police stations,
from murdered police officers, or from civilians whohave gun licenses.
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` Foot or trucks
` Along rivers and coasts
` Dhows
` Aircrafts
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` Enactment of firearms act of Kenya
` Community policing initiative
` Destruction of illegal arms
` Formation of East African Police Chiefs Organisation
` Disarmament
` Kenya is a signatory to the Nairobi Protocol for Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms andLight Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the
Horn of Africa, which was adopted in 2004 andentered into force on 5 May 2006
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` Introduction of national action plan
` Formation of the Ethiopia-Kenya Joint Border
Administration Commission in 2006
` In addition, Kenya has entered into a cooperationpact, courtesy of the East Africa Community, with
member states (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania,
Rwanda and Burundi) and this has improved
border security particularly with Tanzania andUganda.
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` Strengthening national legislation and controls for the possession, use and transfer of small armsand light weapons
` Ensuring that weapons holding by defense andsecurity forces do not exceed requirements for legitimate defense and security needs
` Developing partnerships to assist and strengthenthe capacity of countries in regions of conflict to
monitor and control arms accumulations andflows.
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` The First Committee (Disarmament and
International Security) began to meet during the
53rd session of the United Nations General
Assembly. The second draft resolution discussed
the holding of an international conference on the
illicit arms trade by the year 2001in New York.
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` Article 41 of the UN Charter gives the Security
Council the right to call upon member states to
apply measures short of the use of armed force to
maintain or restore international peace and
security
` The Security Council has imposed sanctions 15
times in the past 35 years (first in 1965 againstRhodesia), levying 13 embargoes in the 1990s
alone
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` In December 2000, the Security Council passed
Resolution 1333, demanding that the Taliban
comply with the 1999 resolution
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` Review the Firearms Act of Kenya and other
existing laws and provide stiffer penalties for
illegal owners of fire arms;
` Improve data collection and small arms profiling;
` Destroy all weapons collected
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` Increase public awareness through newly
launched community policing initiative on the
dangers of small arms;
` Improve terms and conditions of law enforcement
as incentive and morale boosters in dealing with
illegal arms;
` Initiate joint border patrols with the neighbouring
countries
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` Utilize the expertise of international law
enforcement agencies such as Interpol.` Expand foreign aid programmes that target the
illicit arms trade;
` Crack down on violations of UN arms embargoes;
` Strengthen national arms control legislation;
` Address the factors that fuel the illicit small arms
economy;
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` It is a fact that Kenya suffers from small arms
proliferation
` In rural areas, as indicated earlier, these reasonsinclude communal security, interethnic rivalries,
and struggles over scarce resources and the
requirements of warrior cultures. And in the cities,
they include poverty and unemployment
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` There is no agreed definition of small arms and
light weapons. Small arm is a term of art used
by armed forces to denote infantry weapons an
individual soldier may carry` Small arms proliferation is a term used by
organizations and individuals advocating the
control of small arms and their trade
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` organizations use the term particularly in arguing
for weapons restriction of small arms sales to
private citizens in conflict zones. These
organizations argue that restricting the number of
small arms in a conflict zone will reduce the
number of deaths.
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