Skeletal System - Skeletal System - “Lower Extremity”“Lower Extremity”

Appendicular - Lower ExtremityAppendicular - Lower Extremity

__ Total Bones__ Total Bones Hipbone (1) = Hipbone (1) = Femur (1) = 2Femur (1) = 2 Tibia (1) = Tibia (1) = _______ (1) = 2_______ (1) = 2 Patella (1) = 2Patella (1) = 2 Tarsals (7) = Tarsals (7) = __________ (5) = 10__________ (5) = 10 Phalanges (14) = Phalanges (14) =

Pelvic GirdlePelvic Girdle

____________________________ Formed by fusion of _____ bonesFormed by fusion of _____ bones

Ilium (superior)Ilium (superior)Ischium (__________and posterior)Ischium (__________and posterior)____________ (inferior and anterior)____________ (inferior and anterior)

Strong and stable support for Strong and stable support for ____________ column ____________ column

Ilium Ilium (superior)(superior) ““Flank”Flank” Most ___________ and largest hipboneMost ___________ and largest hipbone

Lateral View

Medial View

Ischium Ischium (inferior & posterior)(inferior & posterior)

““Hip”Hip” Inferior, posterior portion of the hipboneInferior, posterior portion of the hipbone

Pubis Pubis (inferior & anterior)(inferior & anterior)

““______________ mature”______________ mature” Anterior and inferior part of the hipboneAnterior and inferior part of the hipbone

PelvisPelvis

Together with the sacrum and coccyx, Together with the sacrum and coccyx, the two hipbones form the basin-like the two hipbones form the basin-like “Pelvis”“Pelvis”

Pelvic Brim / Inlet:Pelvic Brim / Inlet:• seperates the superior and inferior portions of seperates the superior and inferior portions of

the pelvisthe pelvis• is the superior boundary of pelvis oblique planeis the superior boundary of pelvis oblique plane

PelvicBrim / Inlet

Plane from sacrum

tosup. pubicsymphysis

Female PelvisFemale Pelvis• Wide pelvic outletWide pelvic outlet• ShallowShallow

Male PelvisMale Pelvis• Narrow pelvic outletNarrow pelvic outlet• DeepDeep

Female PelvisFemale Pelvis• ______ pelvic outlet______ pelvic outlet• ShallowShallow• Pubic arch > 90-degPubic arch > 90-deg

Male PelvisMale Pelvis• __________ pelvic outlet__________ pelvic outlet• DeepDeep• Pubic arch < 90-degPubic arch < 90-deg

FemurFemur

““Thighbone”Thighbone” _________, heaviest, _________, heaviest,

and ______ bone in bodyand ______ bone in body Head of femur Head of femur Proximally _________ Proximally _________

with hipbone at the with hipbone at the

______________________________ _________ articulates _________ articulates

with tibia and patellawith tibia and patella

Femur – Proximal EndFemur – Proximal End

Anterior

TibiaTibia

““__________Shinbone”__________Shinbone” Larger, medial bone of Larger, medial bone of

lower leglower leg Bears _________ of Bears _________ of

body’s weightybody’s weighty Proximal articulation Proximal articulation

with _______ and with _______ and ____________________

_________ articulation _________ articulation with fibula and taluswith fibula and talus

Tibia - Distal EndTibia - Distal End

Medial Malleolus Medial Malleolus “medial ankle bone”“medial ankle bone”

Medial Malleolus

Fibular Notch

Anterior

FibulaFibula

_______ “shinbone”_______ “shinbone” Thinner and smaller Thinner and smaller

than tibiathan tibia Does not bear much Does not bear much

bodyweight (non-bodyweight (non-weight bearing)weight bearing)

PatellaPatella

““Kneecap”Kneecap” Largest ________boneLargest ________bone Subcutaneous and Subcutaneous and

easily _____________easily _____________ Increases __________ Increases __________

for quadriceps musclesfor quadriceps muscles Lies anterior to distal Lies anterior to distal

femurfemur

Tarsal BonesTarsal Bones

__________________________ Heel boneHeel bone

TalusTalus Most superior and Most superior and

articulates with tibiaarticulates with tibia NavicularNavicular

__________________________ __________________________

LateralLateral

____________________________ Medial (1st)Medial (1st) Intermediate (2nd)Intermediate (2nd) Lateral (3rd)Lateral (3rd)

Medial Cuneiform

Cuboid

Navicular

Talus

Calcaneus

Intermediate Cuneiform

Lateral Cuneiform

Superior

MetatarsalsMetatarsals

5 per foot5 per foot Numbered 1-5 Numbered 1-5

from big toe to little from big toe to little toetoe

ex: Big Toe ex: Big Toe “___________” =1“___________” =1

ex: Pinky Toe= 5ex: Pinky Toe= 5

1 2 3 4 5

PhalangesPhalanges

14 bones of the toes14 bones of the toes ____ per toe____ per toe ____ per big toe____ per big toe Regions:Regions:

____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________