Post on 03-Mar-2020
sisxlis samarTlis proce s i
(zogadi nawilis calkeuli
institutebi)
meore gamocema
gamomcemloba `samarTali~
Tbilisi _ 2009
3
wignSi gadmocemulia sisxlis samarTlis procesis zoga-
di nawilis calkeuli institutebi, im sakanonmdeblo cvli-
lebebiT, romelic maT ganicades. aris garkveuli Teoriuli
sakiTxebis individualuri gadawyvetis mcdelobac, rac naSroms
sainteresos xdis.
wigni gankuTvnilia umaRlesi saswavleblebis iuridiuli
fakultetis studentebisaTvis da sazogadoebis im wevrTaTvis,
romlebic dainteresubulni arian sisxlis samarTlis proce-
sis sakiTxebiT. naSromi daxmarebas gauwevs praqtikaSi moRvawe
iuristebs, aseve magistrantebs, doqtorantebs.
avtorTa koleqtivis xelmZRvaneli
da redaqtori prof. rezo gogSeliZerezo gogSeliZe
winamdebare naSromis avtorebi arian:
samarTlis doqtori, asoc. prof. i. aqubardiai. aqubardia _
Tavi IV, V Tavis $2; $3; $5; $6; $7; $8; $9; $12.
samarTlis doqtori, sruli prof. r. gogSeliZer. gogSeliZe _
Tavi I; Tavi II; Tavi III; V Tavis $11; Tavi VII;
VIII Tavis $1; $2; $4; $5; $6.
samarTlis doqtori, Tsu asoc. prof. l. fafiaSvilil. fafiaSvili _
V Tavis $1; $4; $10. VIII Tavis $3; $7.
samarTlis doqtori, Tsu as. prof. n. gogniaSvili _ n. gogniaSvili _ Tavi VI
meore gamocema
© gamomcemloba `samarTali~, 2009
ISBN 99940-807-8-4
SinaarsiSinaarsi
Tavi Tavi I
sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi, amocanebi,
mizani, saproceso forma, saproceso garantiebi,
saproceso funqciebi da sisxlis samarTlis
procesis stadiebi ................................................................................ 7
$1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi$1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi ............................................ ............................................77
$2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanebi da mizani$2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanebi da mizani ........ ........1177
$3. saproceso forma da misi mniSvneloba$3. saproceso forma da misi mniSvneloba ................................. .................................2299
$4. saproceso garantiebis arsi$4. saproceso garantiebis arsi ........................................................ ........................................................3333
$5. saproceso funqciis arsi da saxeebi$5. saproceso funqciis arsi da saxeebi ...................................... ......................................3388
$6. sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebi$6. sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebi ............................... ...............................6644
Tavi ITavi II
sisxlis saproceso samarTali da misi
wyaroebi .........................................................................................................72
$1. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba$1. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba ..................................... ..................................... 7722
$2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobani$2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobani ........ ........7799
$3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis $3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyaroebiwyaroebi.......................................................... 8844
$4. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis formebi$4. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis formebi .............................. ..............................9900
$5. sisxlis saproceso samarTali iuridiul $5. sisxlis saproceso samarTali iuridiul
mecnierebaTa sistemaSimecnierebaTa sistemaSi ................................................................... ...................................................................9988
$6. sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc $6. sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc
mecniereba.mecniereba. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ 101022
Tavi IIITavi III
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis
moqmedebis farglebi ..................................................................... 106
$1. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis $1. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis
moqmedeba droSimoqmedeba droSi ............................................................................... ............................................................................... 110066
$2. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmedeba $2. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmedeba
sivrceSisivrceSi ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................110099
4 5
$3. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmdeba ucxo $3. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmdeba ucxo
saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da moqalaqeobis armqone saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da moqalaqeobis armqone
pirTa mimarTpirTa mimarT ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................111122
Tavi ITavi IV
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi ........................ 117
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis
cneba da sistemacneba da sistema ............................................................................... ............................................................................... 111177
Tavi Tavi V
procesis monawileni .............................................................................. 179
$1. sasamarTlo$1. sasamarTlo ........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................117799
$2. prokurori$2. prokurori ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... 119988
$3. gamomZieblis samarTlebrivi statusi$3. gamomZieblis samarTlebrivi statusi ................................ ................................ 220033
$4 dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli $4 dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli
sisxlis samarTlis procesSisisxlis samarTlis procesSi .................................................. .................................................. 212133
$5. eWvmitanilis samarTlebrivi statusi$5. eWvmitanilis samarTlebrivi statusi ................................ ................................232355
$6. braldebulis samarTlebrivi statusi da $6. braldebulis samarTlebrivi statusi da
ufleba-movaleobebiufleba-movaleobebi ....................................................................... .......................................................................242411
$7. damcvelis samarTlebrivi statusi da $7. damcvelis samarTlebrivi statusi da
ufleba-movaleobebiufleba-movaleobebi ...................................................................... ...................................................................... 252544
$8. samoqalaqo mosarCele da misi warmomadgeneli$8. samoqalaqo mosarCele da misi warmomadgeneli ........... ........... 262677
$9. samoqalaqo mopasuxe da misi warmomadgeneli$9. samoqalaqo mopasuxe da misi warmomadgeneli ............... ...............272788
$10. pirebi, romlebic moiwvevian saqmeze WeSmaritebis $10. pirebi, romlebic moiwvevian saqmeze WeSmaritebis
dadgenaSi daxmarebis gasawevad (mowme, eqsperti, dadgenaSi daxmarebis gasawevad (mowme, eqsperti,
specialisti, Tarjimani, specialisti, Tarjimani, damswre) rogorc damswre) rogorc
procesis subieqtebiprocesis subieqtebi ...................................................................... ......................................................................282833
mowmemowme ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................282833
TarjimaniTarjimani .............................................................................................. ..............................................................................................292999
eqspertieqsperti ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ 303022
specialistispecialisti ......................................................................................... ......................................................................................... 313100
damswredamswre ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... 313122
$11. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis $11. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis
gamomricxavi garemoebani. acilebagamomricxavi garemoebani. acileba ......................................... .........................................331155
acilebisa da TviTacilebis gancxadebisa da acilebisa da TviTacilebis gancxadebisa da
gadawyvetis wesigadawyvetis wesi ....................................................................... .......................................................................323255
$12. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa dacvis $12. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa dacvis
specialuri RonisZiebanispecialuri RonisZiebani ............................................................. .............................................................332288
Tavi VTavi VI
mtkicebulebani da mtkiceba sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi ......................................................................................................341
$.1. mtkicebiTi samarTlisa da mtkicebiTi Teoriis $.1. mtkicebiTi samarTlisa da mtkicebiTi Teoriis
cnebacneba ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................ 334411
$2. mtkicebulebis cneba sisxlis samarTlis $2. mtkicebulebis cneba sisxlis samarTlis
procesSiprocesSi ............................................................................................... ...............................................................................................334455
$3. mtkicebis sagani da mtkicebis farglebi$3. mtkicebis sagani da mtkicebis farglebi ......................... ......................... 334949
$4. mtkicebulebaTa calkeuli saxeebi$4. mtkicebulebaTa calkeuli saxeebi ...................................... ...................................... 336600
$5. mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia$5. mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia .................................................. .................................................. 339966
$6. mtkicebis procesi$6. mtkicebis procesi ........................................................................... ...........................................................................440011
Tavi VITavi VII
pasuxismgebloba winaswari gamoZiebis dros da
sasamarTloSi saproceso movaleobaTa Seus-
ruleblobisa da wesrigis darRvevisaTvis ........407
Tavi VIITavi VIII
sisxlis samarTlis procesis zogadi nawilis
sxva debulebebi .................................................................................. 416
$1. saproceso vadebi$1. saproceso vadebi .............................................................................. ..............................................................................441166
$2. sasamarTlo xarjebi$2. sasamarTlo xarjebi ....................................................................... .......................................................................442211
$3. reabilitacia $3. reabilitacia ................................................................................... ................................................................................... 442255
$4. Suamdgomloba$4. Suamdgomloba ..................................................................................... .....................................................................................443377
$5. saCivari$5. saCivari ................................................................................................. .................................................................................................444400
$6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba da $6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba da
gamoyofagamoyofa ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 444455
6 7
Tavi ITavi I
sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi, amocanebi, mizani, saproceso forma, saproceso garantiebi,
saproceso funqciebi da sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebi
$1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi$1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi
saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva
qveynebSi SeiniSneba danaSaulTa mateba. ra uwyobs xels,
ra faqtorebi ganapirobeben danaSaulis arnaxul zrdas? _
pasuxi martivia: mZime socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi,
umuSevroba, zogierTi adamianis ltolva kanonis darRveviT
qonebis dagrovebisa, sazogadoebis nawilis zneobrivi degra-
dacia, saxelmwifo ideologiis, rogorc adamianis mrwamsis
ararseboba, mosaxleobis did nawilSi siRaribe, mxolod
mcire nawilSi _ simdidre da mravali sxva.
samarTaldamcavi organoebi ver axerxeben Zirfesvianad
amoZirkvon danaSaulis xelSemwyobi mizezebi, faqtorebi,
magram cdiloben iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyenebiT mx-
olod SeaCeron danaSauli. Znelia sazogadoebis marTva
mxolod da mxolod qmedebis amkrZalavi normebiT.
danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola advilia im saxelmwi-
foebSi, sadac ekonomikuri da politikuri berketebis
balansiT Seqmnilia harmoniuli Tanacxovreba sazogadoe-
bis wevrebs Soris.
magram ramdenadac, calkeul qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarT-
veloSic adgili aqvs kanondarRvevebs (danaSauls), Cndeba
kiTxva, rogor movaxerxoT danaSaulis gaxsna? pasuxs das-
mul kiTxvaze vipoviT iseT iuridiul disciplinaSi,
rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis procesi, romelic ganusaz-
$7 samarTlebrivi daxmareba da urTierToba $7 samarTlebrivi daxmareba da urTierToba
sazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebTansazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebTan ......................................... ......................................... 444477
a)a) samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da
sasamarTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis, mowmeTa Cvene-sasamarTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis, mowmeTa Cvene-
bebis, mtkicebulebaTa, masalebis an dokumentebis, bebis, mtkicebulebaTa, masalebis an dokumentebis,
informaciis miRebis mizniT informaciis miRebis mizniT ..........................................................................................444949
b)b) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da
informaciis, dokumentebis da masalebis gadacemis informaciis, dokumentebis da masalebis gadacemis
sakiTxebSisakiTxebSi ........................................................................................ ........................................................................................445544
g)g) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mowmed, eqspertad, samarTlebrivi daxmareba mowmed, eqspertad,
dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo mosarCeled / dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo mosarCeled /
mopasuxed pirTa mowvevis sakiTxebSimopasuxed pirTa mowvevis sakiTxebSi ............................. .............................445566
d) eqstradiciad) eqstradicia ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 460460
8 9
Rvravs kompetentur saxelmwifo organoebs, Tu rogori
wesebisa da pirobebis dacviT, ra moqmedebebis CatarebiT
iqnes gamoZiebuli da gaxsnili danaSauli.
ufro naTeli, rom gavxadoT sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis buneba, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, gavxsnaT sityvis _
`procesi~ arsi (ramdenadac viciT ras niSnavs `sisxlis
samarTali~). sityva `procesi~ _ laTinuri warmoSobisaa
(`processus~) da qarTulad niSnavs _ winsvlas. Tu `pro-
cesis~ nacvlad winsvlas gamoviyenebT _ miviRebT ̀ sisxlis
samarTlis winsvlas~, magram mxedvelobaSia ara `sisxlis
samarTlis~ mecnierebis winsvlis, moZraobis Seswavla,
aramed sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis, winsvlis
Seswavla. sad veZeboT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sawyisi?
saidan iwyebs igi moZraobas? da saiT miemarTeba? SeiZleba
martivad vTqvaT: sisxlis samarTlis saqme moZraobas, wins-
vlas iwyebs im momentidan, rodesac momxdar faqtTan
dakavSirebiT daiwyeba gamoZieba da miemarTeba sasamarTlo-
saken, raTa dadgindes ganxorcielebulia Tu ara danaSaulis
Semadgenlobis niSnebi, vin aris braleuli kanonsawinaaRm-
dego qmedebis CadenaSi, vis daedos msjavri da vin iqnes
cnobili msjavrdebulad?
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis, winsvlis mamoZ-
ravebeli Zalebis, subieqtTa wre sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso kanonmdeblobiTaa gansazRvruli. subieqtTa am wres
miekuTvneba: gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle da sasa-
marTlo, romlebic TavianTi saqmianobis dros sargebloben
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT miniWebuli sapro-
ceso uflebebiT da akisriaT movaleobebi.
aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis pirebis saqmianoba qaosurad ki
ar mimdinareobs, aramed erTian sistemas warmoadgens, mo-
qceulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis CarCoebSi
da qmnis imis garants, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZ-
raobis dros daculi iqneba kanonis uzenaesoba da proce-
sis monawileTa uflebebi.
ase magaliTad, gamomZiebeli, romelic sisxlis samar-
Tlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT aRWurvilia garkveuli
uflebamosilebiT, momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT iwyebs
gamoZiebas, atarebs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT
gansazRvrul saproceso moqmedebebs: SemTxvevis adgilis
daTvaliereba, Cxreka, amoReba, dakiTxva, eqspertizis daniS-
vna da a.S., raTa Sekribos sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad. prokurori ki,
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze axorcielebs gamoZiebis sap-
roceso xelmZRvanelobas. rac gulisxmobs imas, rom igi
gamomZiebels aZlevs sxvadasxva saxis miTiTebebs, exmareba
mas gamoZieba awarmoos yovelmxriv, srulad, obieqturad,
gamoavlinos braldebulis rogorc mamxilebeli, aseve
gamamarTlebeli garemoebebi, agreTve braldebulis pasux-
ismgeblobis damamZimebeli Tu Semamsubuqebeli garemoebe-
bi.
mas Semdeg, rac prokurori miiCnevs, rom winasasamarT-
lo gamoZiebis etapze Sekrebili mtkicebulebebisa da in-
formaciis erToblioba sakmarmisia gonivruli eWvisaTvis,
rom pirma Caidina danaSauli, gamoaqvs dadgenileba piris
braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb an aZlevs
Tanxmobas gamomZiebels aseTi dadgenilebis gamotanis Tao-
baze. winaswari gamoZieba sruldeba prokuroris mier sa-
braldebo daskvnis SedgeniT.
sabraldebo daskvna aris braldebulisadmi wardgenili
braldebis mokle werilobiTi aRwera, igi safuZveli
xdeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTloSi gadagza-
vnisa. sasamarTloSi ki sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganx-
10 11
ilva da gadawyveta moxdeba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis
mier an kolegiurad mosamarTleTa SemadgenlobiT, romel-
ic sruldeba ganaCenis gamotaniT.
zemoT naCvenebi msjelobidan ikveTeba, rom sisxlis
samarTlis procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementi unda erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementi unda
iyos _ sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT gansaz-iyos _ sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT gansaz-
Rvruli gamomZieblisa da prokuroris (gamoZiebisa da Rvruli gamomZieblisa da prokuroris (gamoZiebisa da
prokuraturis organoebis) saqmianoba,prokuraturis organoebis) saqmianoba, mimarTuli danaSau-
lis faqtis gamoZiebisaken, da aseve, mosamarTlis (sasa-mosamarTlis (sasa-
marTlos) saqmianobamarTlos) saqmianoba, mimarTuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
ganxilvisa da gadawyvetisaken.
faqtTan dakavSirebiT iwyeba ra gamoZieba, sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmis moZraoba _ procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi
(gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobidan gamomdinare
valdebulni arian gamokveTon pirebi, romlebic dainter-
esebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis saqmis SedegiT, e.i.
icaven sakuTar interesebs an arian maTi warmomadgenlebi.
eseni gaxlavT: dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli;
braldebuli da misi damcveli. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
gamoZiebis dros, procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi saqmeSi
moiwveven im pirebs, romlebic floben informacias momxdari
faqtis Sesaxeb (mowme, eqsperti), aseve saqmeSi CarTaven
damxmare funqciis Sesasruleblad: specialists, Tarjimans,
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivans. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi
Cabmuli zemoT xsenebuli pirebic axorcieleben sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT miniWebuli sapro-
ceso uflebebisa da dakisrebuli movaleobebis safuZvelze
gansazRvrul saqmianobas (ganacxadeben Suamdgomlobas, ac-
ilebas, monawileoben sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa CatarebaSi,
gamodian sasamarTloSi da a.S.), riTac xels uwyoben konk-
retul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadge-
nas.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnuli pirebis savaldebulo
monawileoba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, sisxlis samarTlis
procesis aseve mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elemetiaaseve mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elemetia, emsax-
ureba sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebis gaxsnas.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis dros saqmeSi Cab-
muli pirebi, eseni iqnebian: procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi
(gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) Tu
procesis sxva monawileni (dazaralebuli, misi warmomad-
geneli, braldebuli, misi damcveli, mowme, eqsperti, spe-
cialisti, Tarjimani) erTmaneTTan mWidrod arian dakav-
Sirebuli. ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis dros
procesis monawileTa saproceso uflebebisa da movaleobe-
bis realizaciis dros maT Soris uamravi saproceso urT-
ierTobebi aRmocendeba. amdagvari saproceso urTierTobe-
bis safuZvelze sisxlis samarTlis procesis winaSe mdgari
amocanebisa da miznis Sesruleba miRwevadi xdeba. sisxlis
samarTlis procesi saproceso urTierTobis gareSe yovlad
warmoudgenelia, regulirebis sagnis gareSe darCeboda.
amitom unda iTqvas, rom procesis monawileebs Soris procesis monawileebs Soris
aRmocenebuli saproceso urTierTobacaRmocenebuli saproceso urTierTobac (aq igulisxmeba
urTierToba, rogorc uSualod procesis mwarmoebel pirebs
Soris, aseve urTierToba procesis mwarmoebel pirebsa da
procesis sxva monawileebs Soris, TviT procesis sxva
monawileebs Soris), romelic sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso normebiT wesrigdeba _ sisxlis samarTlis procesis sisxlis samarTlis procesis
elementiaelementia. am elements sinaTle Seaqvs sisxlis samarTlis
procesis arsSi, misi arteriaa.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis damoukidebel iuridiul
disciplinad arsebobas gamarTleba ver moeZebneboda, Tu
12 13
mis winaSe garkveuli amocanebis gadawyveta ar daismeboda
da ar disaxeboda garkveuli miznis miRweva. unda iTqvas,
rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba (winsvla) saboloo
jamSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis winaSe mdgari amocane-
bis gadawyvetas da miznis miRwevas emsaxureba. sisxlis
samarTlis procesis mizani is mwvervalia, sadac sisxlis
samarTlis procesi Tavisi arsebobis gamarTlebas poulobs.
amitom unda iTqvas sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani, sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani,
romelic sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebas avsebs da romelic sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebas avsebs da
amyarebs unda CaiTvalos mis erT-erT elementadamyarebs unda CaiTvalos mis erT-erT elementad (sisxlis
samarTlis procesis amocanebze da mizanze qvemoT gveqneba
saubari).
yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba Sevjer-
deT da davaskvnaT: sisxlis samarTlis procesi aris sisxlis samarTlis procesi aris
gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlosa da gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlosa da
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawileTa kanoniT mowes-sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawileTa kanoniT mowes-
rigebuli saqmianoba, mimarTuli konkretul sisxlis sa-rigebuli saqmianoba, mimarTuli konkretul sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.marTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis aRniSnul ganmartebaSi
SevecadeT gadmogveca misTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi.
TumcaRa saproceso literaturis gacnoba dagvarwmunebs,
rom arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsis gagebis
uamravi varianti. kerZod, germaneli mecnieri iuristebi
miiCneven, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi _ es aris kano-
niT mowesrigebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba im
mizniT, rom dadgindes ganaCeni. am ganmartebaSi aris WeS-
maritebis marcvali.
frang mecnier iuristebs sisxlis samarTlis procesis
arsi sxvadasxvagvarad aqvT gagebuli, yvela Sexedulebis
CamoTvla Sors wagviyvans, moviyvanT mxolod Jan pradel-
iseul xedvas, romelic sisxlis samarTlis process or
nawilad yofs: erTis mxriv _ sasamarTlo da mosamarTle
da meores mxriv sakuTriv procesi (sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis moZraoba). anviTarebs ra sakuTar mosazrebas, igi
wers, rom: ̀ sisxlis saproceso samarTali awesrigebs sar-
Celis instituts (mxedvelobaSia sajaro da samoqalaqo),
romlis wardgeniTac iwyeba saqmis warmoeba da aseve awes-
rigebs iusticiis organoebis status da organizacias, es
warmoeba ra Tqma unda gulisxmobs TviT warmoebis wess~.
zogierTi franguli iuridiuli doqtrina: `sisxlis sa-
marTlis process ganixilavs, rogorc mxolod kompeten-
turi saxelmwifo organoebis saqmianobis sistemas, mi-
marTuls sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sawarmoeblad~.
rac Seexeba amerikel mecnierebs, maT Sorisac azrTa
sxvadasxvaobaa sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsTan dakav-
SirebiT. kaliforniis universitetis profesori r. perkinsi
werda: `sisxlis samarTlis procesi _ esaa formaluri
meqanizmi, romelic dawesebulia materialuri sisxlis
samarTlis ganxorcielebisaTvis~, am ganmartebaSi marTlac
aris WeSmariteba. C. frikki ki SeniSnavda: `sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesi _ esaa samarTliT gawerili meTodi piris
dakavebis, sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganx-
ilvis, danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis, agreTve danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT
sasjelis gansazRvris Sesaxeb~.
dRes, amerikis umaRles iuridiul saswavleblebSi
gavrcelebul sisxlis samarTlis procesis saxelmZR-
vaneloebSi gvxvdeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis Semdegi
definicia: `rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi es aris is
procedura, romelsac gaivlis sisxlis samarTlis saqme
piris dapatimrebis momentidan sasjelis daniSvnis momen-
tamde~. aqve, imasac dasZenen, rom: `amerikuli sisxlis
14 15
samarTlis sistemis modeli gvevlineba SejibrebiTobisa da
braldebis modelad. sisxlis samarTlis procesi unda
abalansebdes braldebulis uflebasa da saxelmwifos in-
teresebs swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cielebis meSveobiT da ra Tqma unda samarTlianobisadmi
swrafviT~.
sxvadasxva xedvaa sisxlis samarTlis procesis ele-
mentebTan mimarTebaSic. ase magaliTad, m.s. strogoviCi
saubrobs ra sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsze, masSi
xedavs or ZiriTad elements: a) gamoZiebis organoebis,
prokuraturisa da sasamarTlos saqmianobas, aRmocenebuls
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis safuZvelze da
b) samarTlebrivi urTierToba, rogorc uSualod aRniSnul
organoebs Soris, aseve aRniSnul organoebsa da im mo-
qalaqeebsa da organizaciebs Soris, romlebzedac vrcel-
deba procesis mwarmoebel organoTa saqmianoba. rogoria
kavSiri sisxlis samarTlis procesis am or elements So-
ris? esaa _ kavSiri Sinaarsisa da formisa. sisxlis sap-
roceso samarTlebrivi urTierToba, romelic aRmocendeba
procesis mwarmoebel organoebs Soris danaSaulis winaaRm-
deg brZolis sferoSi aris samarTlebrivi forma, xolo
aRniSnuli organoebis saqmianoba aris sisxlis saproceso
samarTlebrivi urTierTobis Sinaarsi.
zogierT rusul saxelmZRvaneloSi sisxlis samarTlis
procesis sam elementzea saubari: a) sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul saxelmwifo or-
ganoTa, Tanamdebobis pirTa da im pirTa saqmianoba, romlebic
wodebulni arian procesis monawileebad: b) sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmis moZraobis Sedegad procesis monawileebs
Soris aRmocenebuli samarTlebrivi urTierTobani; g) pro-
cesis mwarmoebel pirTa da procesis sxva monawileTa
saqmianobisa da am saqmianobis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli
urTierTobebis samarTlebrivi mowesrigeba. aris mosazreba,
romelic sisxlis samarTlis procesSi oTx elements
gamoyofs.
saproceso literaturaSi xSirad daismis xolme
sakiTxi sisxlis samarTlis procesisa da marTlmsajuleb-sisxlis samarTlis procesisa da marTlmsajuleb-
is mimarTebis Sesaxebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb. rodesac sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis cnebas vayalibebdiT, SevniSnavdiT, rom: `sisxlis
samarTlis procesi aris gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosa-
marTlis, sasamarTlosa da sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis sxva
monawileTa kanoniT mowesrigebuli saqmianoba~. sisxlis
samarTlis procesis bunebis gasaxsnelad vasaxelebT iseT
elementebs, rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZrao-
bis dros saxelmwifo organoebisa da Tanamdebobis pirTa
saqmianoba, am organoebSi da Tanamdebobis pirebSi vgulisx-
mobT sasamarTlosac da mosamarTlesac. yovelive es ki,
xom ar niSnavs imas, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi da
marTlmsajuleba identuri cnebebia an sisxlis samarTlis
procesi STanTqavs marTlmsajulebas. Tu marTlmsajulebas
viwro kuTxiT SevxedavT, masSi moviazrebT mxolod da
mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas, romelic
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili sap-
roceso formiT mimdinareobs, maSin sisxlis samarTlis
procesi ufro farTo cnebad mogvevlineba da marTlmsa-
juleba mis mier STanTqmulad.
magram saqme imaSia, rom marTlmsajuleba gvevelineba
ra sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis erT-erT
formad ar daiyvaneba mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
ganxilvamde. aq, igulisxmeba agreTve administraciuli da
samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvac (zogierTi mecnieri sakon-
stitucio sasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxilvasac miiCnevs
16 17
marTlmsajulebad), romlebic mimdinareobs Sesabamisi sap-
roceso kanonmdeblobiT.
e.i. gamodis, rom marTlmsajuleba ufro farTo Sinaar-
sis mtvirTvelia, vidre sisxlis samarTlis procesi. magram
es ganacxadi sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom sisxlis samarT-
lis processa da marTlmsajulebas Soris mWidro kavSiri
ar arsebobs. am kavSirTan dakavSirebiT zemoT ukve aRvniS-
neT. damatebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom marTlmsajuleba saz-
rdoobs sisxlis samarTlis, samoqalaqo samarTlis sapro-
ceso da yvela im samarTlis normebiT, romlebic gamoiyen-
eba administraciuli, samoqalaqo Tu sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa ganxilvisas. misi iuridiuli safuZveli ufro
farToa. sisxlis samarTlis procesi ki saproceso moq-
medebaTa Catarebis wess adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso normebiT.
amdenad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, Tu marTlmsajuleba erTis
mxriv gagebuli iqneba, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
ganxilva (viwro formiT), maSin sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesi ufro farTo Sinaarsis gamodis. aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi
saproceso kanonis CarCoebSi aqcevs ara mxolod sasamarT-
los saqmianobas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas,
aramed sasamarTlomdel warmoebasac (winaswar gamoZiebas),
romelic mimdinareobs sasamarTlosaTvis.
meores mxriv, Tu marTlmsajulebaSi moviazrebT ara
mxolod da mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas,
aramed samoqalaqo da sxva saqmeTa ganxilvis wess, maSin
marTlmsajuleba Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi datvirTviT ufro
farTo cneba iqneba, rameTu ukve igi moicavs, rogorc
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis, ise samoqalaqo saproceso
samarTalis, administraciuli saproceso samarTlis da sxva
samarTlis normebs (saerTod, ganasxvaveben marTlmsajuleb-
is ganxorcielebis iseT formebs, rogoricaa: sisxlis,
samoqalaqo, konstituciuri, administraciuli da zogierT
qveynebSi saarbitraJo warmoeba.
saproceso literaturaSi xSirad gvxvdeba gamoTqma
sisxlissamarTalwarmoeba, igi Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi dat-
virTviT igivea, rac sisxlis samarTlis procesi.
$2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis $2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis
amocanebi da mizaniamocanebi da mizani
specialur iuridiul literaturaSi gvxvdeba ter-
minebi sisxlis samarTlis procesi; sisxlis saproceso
samarTali; sisxlis samarTlis procesi, rogorc mecniere-
ba; sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc samarTlis
dargi; aris Semoklebuli variantic sisxlis procesi, rom-
lis Sinaarsobriv datvirTvaSidac moiazreben yvela zemoT
xsenebuli terminebis Sinaarsac, rac Cveni SexedulebiT
arasworia. ra Tqma unda yvela zemoT xsenebuli termine-
bis Sinaarsobriv datvirTvaSi mWidro kavSiri arsebobs,
urTierTs asazrdoeben, magram aris maT Soris gansxvavebac
(kvlevis es sfero metad rTuli da sainteresoa, is ar
jdeba saxelmZRvanelos farglebSi, vfiqrobT, samomavlod
es problema asaxvas hpovebs monografiul gamokvlevaSi).
sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsze visaubreT, mogvianebiT
SevexebiT, sisxlis samarTlis process, rogorc mecnierebas
da rogorc samarTlis dargs. magram Cndeba kiTxva: saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis pirvel
muxlSi moqceuli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-
blobis amocanebi, romel sferos mivakuTvnoT _ sisxlis
samarTlis process, rogorc mecnierebas, Tu, rogorc sa-
18 19
marTlis dargs, Tu gavxadoT iseTi zogadi terminis kuT-
vnileba, rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis procesi?
termini sisxlis samarTlis procesi, romelic iu-
ridiul literaturaSi, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSirad
gamoiTqmis mtvirTvelia yvela zemoT xsenebuli termine-
bis Sinaarsisa. Tuki gvxvdeba gamoTqma sisxlis samarTlis
procesis amocanebi, swori iqneba Tuki am gamonaTqvamSi
vigulisxmebT sisxlis samarTlis procesis, rogorc dar-
gis amocanebs. ramdenadac sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdebloba ar gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis proce-
sis, rogorc mecnierebis amocanebs da meorec, sisxlis
samarTlis procesi, rogorc samarTlis dargi aris ra
saproceso normebis erToblioba, es normebi ki qmnian sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis erTian, mwyobr
sistemas, logikuri iqneba Tu davaskvniT, rom sisxlis
samarTlis procesis amocanebSi igulisxmeba sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis, rogorc samarTlis dargis amocanebi
(sisxlis samarTlis procesis, rogorc mecnierebis amo-
canebi sxvaa, amis Sesaxeb mogvianebiT gveqneba saubari).
mainc, ra amocanebi dgas sisxlis samarTlis procesis,
rogorc samarTlis dargis winaSe Sesasruleblad? Tu sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis pirvel muxls davesesx-
ebiT (es dasesxeba sulac ar gulisxmobs imas, rom sisxlis
samarTlis procesi, rogorc samarTlis dargi daiyvaneba sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaze. ara, es ase araa,
sisxlis samarTlis procesi, rogorc samarTlis dargi ufro
farTo Sinaarsis mtvirTvelia da sxva saproceso insti-
tutebTan erTad sisxlis saproceso kanonmdeblobasac moicavs).
es amocanebia: daadginos danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRm-daadginos danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRm-
dego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da misi Camdeni piri; dego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da misi Camdeni piri;
uzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyeneba, ar dauSvas udana-uzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyeneba, ar dauSvas udana-
Saulo piris msjavrdeba; daicvas adamianis uflebebi da Saulo piris msjavrdeba; daicvas adamianis uflebebi da
Tavisuflebebi; sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros kanonis, human-Tavisuflebebi; sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros kanonis, human-
izmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscema.izmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscema.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba (sisxlis samarTlis
procesi) iwyeba momxdar iuridiul faqtTan dakavSirebiT,
rodesac aris monacemebi danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSne-
bis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb. sisxlis samarTlis procesi
mimdinareobs imitom, rom: dadgindes danaSaulis an sxva dadgindes danaSaulis an sxva
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da
misi Camdeni piri.misi Camdeni piri. (e.i. gadaiWras sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis winaSe mdgari erT-erTi amocana). aRniSnuli amocanis
Sesruleba miRweulad rom CaiTvalos, unda dadgindes: a)
danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqto-
brivi garemoebani da b) misi Camdeni piri.
modiT axla gavarkvioT ras niSnavs _ dadgindes dana-
Saulis faqtobrivi garemoebani, aq upirveles yovlisa
igulisxmeba aRdgenil iqnes maqsimaluri srulyofilebiT,
yovelmxriv da obieqturad yvela is garemoeba, ra viTare-
baSidac sinamdvileSi iqna Cadenili sisxlis samarTlis
kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba. gamovlenil
iqnes danaSaulis yvela epizodi da marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedebis Camdeni yvela piri, danaSaulis gamomwvevi mizeze-
bi da pirobebi.
danaSaulis faqtobrivi garemoebebis srulyofiladsrulyofilad
Seswavla, upirveles yovlisa niSnavs mtkicebulebaTa
aucilebeli erTobliobis miRebas, romelTa meSveobiTac
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mtkicebis saganSi Semavali garemoebe-
bis dadgena. naTeli moefineba danaSaulis Cadenis xerxsa
da saSualebas, danaSaulis motivs, danaSaulebrivi gziT
mopovebuli qonebis adgilsamyofels, gamokveTs marTl-
sawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camden pirs (pirebs) da sxv. calkeu-
20 21
li saxis sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisa da sasa-
marTloSi ganxilvis dros mtkicebulebaTa srulyofileba
SeiZleba sxvadasxvarigadac iqnes danaxuli. mTavari isaa,
konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi imdeni raodenobis
mtkicebuleba iyos, rom safuZveli Seqmnas swori gadaw-
yvetilebis misaRebad (mag. dadgenilebis gamosatanad piris
braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi misacemad da braldebis
warsadgenad, sasamarTlo sxdomis dasaniSnavad, ganaCenis
dasadgenad da a.S.).
rac Seexeba moTxovnas _ yovelmxriv iqnes Seswavlili
danaSaulis faqtobrivi garemoebebi, gulisxmobs imas, rom
amomwuravad iqnes Secnobili yvela is garemoeba, romelic
Sedis mtkicebis saganSi da didi mniSvneloba aqvs sisxlis
samarTlis saqmisaTvis. faqtobriv garemoebaTa yovelmxriviyovelmxrivi
Seswavla safuZvels qmnis wamoweul da Semowmebul iqnes
momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT yvela SesaZlo versia. swori
mimarTuleba misces gamoZiebas da maSasadame, gamoricxos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganx-
ilvis calmxrivoba da arasrulyofileba, aqedan gamomdinare
ki ukanono da dausabuTebeli ganaCenis gamotana.
obieqturobaobieqturoba _ gulisxmobs procesis mwarmoebel pirTa
(aseve procesis sxva monawileTa) midgomas sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeSi arsebuli garemoebebisa da mtkicebulebebis
Sesaswavlad. am sityvis Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvidan is
gamomdinareobs, rom saqmis gamoZiebisa Tu sasamarTlo ganx-
ilvis dros sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Cabmuli pirebi
unda iyvnen miukerZoebelni. dainteresebulni imiT, rom
erTnairi gulmodginebiT gairkves braldebulis rogorc
mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli, agreTve maTi pasuxismge-
blobis damamZimebeli da Semamsubuqebeli garemoebani.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebma obieqtur-
obis grZnoba, rom daicvan, kanonmdebels amis garantad maTi
misamarTiT damkvidrebuli aqvs acilebisa da TviTacilebis
instituti, aseve rig SemTxvevebSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobac.
obieqturobisobieqturobis institutis arseboba, imis garanticaa,
rom Tavidan aviciloT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZie-
bisa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvis calmxrivoba da sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis garemoebebi SeviswavloT yoveli mxri-
dan.
Tu dairRva danaSaulis faqtobrivi garemoebebis
dadgenis zemoT xsenebuli moTxovnebidan romelime mainc
(mniSvneloba ara aqvs es iqneba-srulyofileba, yovelmx-srulyofileba, yovelmx-
rivoba Tu obieqturobarivoba Tu obieqturoba) es iqneba: an sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis Sewyvetis an gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis
gamotanis an zemdgomi instanciis mxridan ganaCenis Secv-
lis safuZveli.
ra arsia Cadebuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis iseT
amocanaSi, rogoricaa: dadgindes sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego dadgindes sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani?qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani? uwinares yovlisa unda
iTqvas, rom `sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba~ am SemTx-
vevaSi, rogorc wesi ar moiazrebs-samoqalaqo an adminis-
traciul marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas (aseT qmedebaTa
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgindeba
Sesabamisi samoqalaqo da administraciuli saproceso
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT), aq, isev da isev igulisxmeba
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli marTl-
sawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgena,
magram mxedvelobaSia miRebuli iseTi marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedeba, rodesac ar arsebobs danaSaulis yvela niSani
(brali). sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es qmedeba Cadenilia bra-
lis gamomricxvel garemoebebSi (mag. Seuracxaoba asakis
22 23
gamo, Seuracxaoba fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo da a.S.). rac
SemdgomSi safuZveli xdeba piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebisa, misi dausjelobisa.
qmedeba ki rCeba marTlsawinaaRmdegod.
garda amisa, ̀ sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqto-
brivi garemoebebis dadgenaSi~, aseve unda vigulisxmoT
iseTi SemTxvevac, roca Tavidan zustad araa gamokveTili
Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba samarTaldarRvevis
romel sferos miekuTvneba. ufro zustad rom vTqvaT,
Tavidan, arsebuli faqtobrivi garemoeba iZleva safuZvels
saqmeze sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis
gamoyenebisaTvis, magram gamoZiebis procesSi gamoikveTeba,
rom saxezea administraciuli samarTaldarRveva. amis Sem-
deg, saqmeze gamoyenebuli iqneba adminiatraciuli sapro-
ceso kanonmdebloba.
rogorc ukve zemoT SevniSneT, sisxlis samarTlis
procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa: daadginos da-daadginos da-
naSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni pirinaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni piri.
am amocanis Sesruleba SesaZlebeli xdeba momxdar faqtTan
dakavSirebiT yvela savaraudo versiis SemowmebiT, sruli
moculobiT saproceso moqmedebebis CatarebiT da mtkice-
bulebaTa SekrebiT. danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedebis Camdeni piris dadgena savaldebuloa imdenad, ram-
denadac unda movaxdinoT im realobis aRdgena, ra viTare-
baSidac Caidina pirma marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba, rom misi
braleuloba gamovkveToT da aqedan gamomdinare, SevZloT
samarTlianobis aRdgena, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs marTlsawi-
naaRmdego qmedebiT gamowveuli zianis gamosworeba, ziani-
sa da marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT tol-
fasovani sasjelis Sefardeba. danaSaulis Camdeni piris
samarTliani msjavrdeba safuZveli unda gaxdes misi gamo-
sworebisa, aRzrdisa, im azrovnebis Camoyalibebisa, rom
danaSauli dausjeli ar darCeba.
braleuli piris msjavrdeba yovelTvis dafuZnebuli
iqneba kanonze da aqedan gamomdinare, Sesrulebuli sisxlis
samarTlis procesis iseTi amocana, rogoricaa _ ar dauSvas ar dauSvas
udanaSaulo udanaSaulo (swori iuridiuli azrovnebidan gamomdinare
`udanaSaulo~-s nacvlad unda iyos `arabraleuli~, sasa-
marTlo gansjis gansasjeli piris ̀ braleuloba~, ̀ arabraleu-
lobis~ sakiTxs da amis Semdeg dasdebs mas msjavrs. gana
logikuria, sasamarTlom gansajos gansasjeli piris `udana-
Saulobis~ an ̀ damnaSaveobis~ sakiTxi, da amis Semdeg miiCnios
igi `damnaSaved~ da dasdos msjavri?) piris msjavrdeba.
udanaSaulo (arabraleuli) piris msjavrdeba acilebuli
iqneba, Tu aRdgeba is realoba, romelSidac mimdinareobda
sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedeba. swored aRdgenili realuri suraTi xdeba imis sa-
fuZveli, rom, Tu braldeba waredgina arabraleul pirovne-
bas, Sewydes mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, an/da
sasamarTlom gamoitanos gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis iseTi amocana, rogoricaa
_ uzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyenebauzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyeneba, uwinares yov-
lisa gulisxmobs yvela sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moq-
medebaTa, agreTve saproceso dokumentebis Sesabamisobas
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonebis moTxovnebisadmi.
mniSvnelovania sisxlis samarTlis kanonis sworad gamoy-
enebac. gamomZiebelma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem kargad unda
icodes qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba da is saerTaSor-
iso normatiuli aqtebi, romelTac gamoyeneba aqvT saxelm-
wifoSi. isini saqmianobis dros sworad unda flobdnen
codnas calkeuli kanonebis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb, aseve sworad
unda ganumartavdnen kanonis Sinaarss sisxlis samarTlis
24 25
procesis monawileebs. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamar-
Tle, rodesac kargad floben codnas kanonebis Sinaarsis
Sesaxeb, procesis sxva monawileebsac amomwuravad, sru-
lyofilad ganumartaven da uxsnian maT uflebebsa da
movaleobebs, aZleven SesaZleblobas realizeba gaukeTon
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT miniWebul
saproceso uflebebs da dakisrebul saproceso movaleobebs.
gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis aseTi saqmiani
damokidebulebiT Tavidan iqneba acilebuli sagamoZiebo da
sasamarTlo Secdomebi, xolo kanonis sworad gamoyeneba ki
uzrunvelyofili.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis aseve mniSvnelovani amo-
canaa _ daicvas adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebidaicvas adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi.
saqarTvelos konstituciis meore Tavi mTlianad adamianis
uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs eTmoba, igi im suliskveTebi-
Taa gamsWvaluli, rom adamiani, misi uflebebi da Tavisu-
flebebi samyaros yvelaze umaRlesi faseulobaa. maTi
aRiareba da dacva saxelmwifos sapatio movaleoba. saqarT-
velos sakanonmdeblo organos mier miRebuli nebismieri
kanoni adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis aRiarebasa
da dacvas emsaxureba. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsic mowodebulia Tavisi kuTxiT daicvas
yvela im adamianis uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da kanonieri
interesebi, vinc Cabmulia sisxlis samarTlis procesSi,
mniSvneloba ara aqvs es iqneba is pirovneba, romlis mi-
marTac xorcieldeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, Tu
procesis sxva monawile, romelic sxvadasxva safuZvlis
gamoa sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.
saqarTvelos konstituciaze dayrdnobiT sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesi aRiarebs da icavs pirovnebis Rirsebis
xelSeuvalobas, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas da a.S.
pirovnebis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa SezRudva SeiZle-
ba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi da farglebSi, isic, yovelTvis upiratesoba
unda mieniWos SezRudvis yvelaze msubuq formas.
sisxlis samarTlis procesi ara mxolod acxadebs ada-
mianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvas, aramed awesebs
garantiebsac maT sarealizaciod. ase magaliTad, Tu pro-
cesis monawiles ukanono saproceso moqmedebiT ziani mi-
adga, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT ufleba aqvs srulad
ainazRauros miyenebuli ziani; TviT saproceso movaleobis
dakisrebac procesis ama Tu im monawilisadmi, xom erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani garantiaa procesis sxva monawilis
uflebis realizaciisa da a.S.
sainteresod gamoiyureba sisxlis samarTlis procesis
iseTi amocana, rogoricaa sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros
kanonis, humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativis-kanonis, humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativis-
cemacema. aRniSnuli amocanis Sesruleba mniSvnelovania, rameTu
igi warmoaCens TviT saxelmwifos saxes. sazogadoebaSi
kanonisadmi pativiscema maSin Cndeba, rodesac kanonis Si-
naarsi realurad miesadageba adamianis sulier bunebas,
gamoxatavs zrunvas misi uflebebisa da kanonieri inter-
esebis dasacavad, awesebs garantiebs kanoniT miniWebuli
uflebebis, Tavisuflebebis realizaciisaTvis. TviT saxelm-
wifo moxele, mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli moq-
medeben kanonis farglebSi, yovelgvari mikerZoebis gareSe
da icaven princips kanonis winaSe yvelas Tanasworobisa.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocana daamkvidros sa-daamkvidros sa-
zogadoebaSi humanizmis ideebis pativiscemazogadoebaSi humanizmis ideebis pativiscema Sesruldeba,
Tu TiToeuli saproceso normis Sinaarsis gamoxatuleba
iqneba gafrTxileba da zrunva adamianze, mis uflebebze,
Tavisuflebebze, kanonier interesebze. amisaTvis sisxlis
26 27
samarTlis procesma farTod unda gauRos karebi im saer-
TaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa
da normebs, romlebic amkvidreben adamianis uflebaTa, Tav-
isuflebaTa, kanonieri interesebis dacvis savaldebuloobas.
kargia, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdeblobam aRniSnuli amocana lozungad ki ar da-
tova, aramed praqtikulad gadadga nabiji da humanizmis
ideebis pativiscemas gza gauxsna uamravi saproceso norme-
bis SemoRebiT (mag. udanaSaulobisa da Tavisuflebis pr-
ezumfcia, marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomoba, samarTliani
procesi da swrafi marTlmsajuleba, kanoniereba da sasa-
marTlos damoukidebloba, saproceso kanonis ukuZala,
rodesac amiT umjobesdeba braldebulis an msjavrdebulis
mdgomareoba da sxva mravali).
sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanis-kanonis, human-
izmis ideebis pativiscemis damkvidrebas sazogadoebaSi
mivyavarT samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscemamdesamarTlianobis ideebis pativiscemamde. unda
iTqvas, rom kanonis, humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebi
erTian mTlianobas qmnian, urTierTs avseben, erTi romelimes
gamokleba danarCenis arasrulyofilebas gamoiwvevs. Tuki
sazogadoeba gamoxatavs pativiscemas kanonis, masSi gatare-
buli humanuri ideebis mimarT (amis safuZvels iZleva
saproceso normebis Sinaarsi da sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo
praqtika, e.i. Sefaseba obieqturia), gana amas ar mivyavarT
samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscemamde? Tavis mxriv, samar-
Tlianobis ideebis pativiscemas isic amyarebs, roca sap-
roceso gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros obieqturad iqneba
gaTvaliswinebuli procesis monawilis pirovneba da Cade-
nili danaSaulis simZime.
rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizanssisxlis samarTlis procesis mizans, am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saproceso literaturaSi sxva-
dasxva xedvaa. magram, gabatonebulia mosazreba, rom: sisx-
lis samarTlis procesis mizania sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze
WeSmaritebis dadgena, danaSaulis Camdeni piris braleu-
lobis dadgena da samarTliani dasja, arabraleuli adami-
anis dacva usafuZvlo braldebisagan da moqalaqeebze,
aRmzrdelobiTi zemoqmedebis moxdena.
rogor gavigoT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmarite-
bis dadgena? sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis
dadgena gulisxmobs imas, rom Tu, sisxlis samarTlis
kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba sinamd-
vileSi moxda, aRdgenil iqnes igi iseTive saxiT da faq-
tobrivi garemoebebiT, ra viTarebaSidac mimdinareobda, da
ra Tqma unda dadgenil iqnes danaSaulis an sxva marTl-
sawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni pirovneba.
xolo, Tu danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedeba sinamdvileSi ar CaudeniaT da gamoZiebis dawyebas
safuZvlad daedo Seumowmebeli monacemebi, WeSmaritebis
dadgena imaSi mdgomareobs, Sewydes winasasamarTlo gamoZie-
ba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis
ar arsebobis gamo.
Tu danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba Cade-
nil iqna, da braldeba waredgina ara im pirovnebas vinc
igi Caidina, aramed sxvas, romelzedac usafuZvlo eWvi
gaCnda _ WeSmaritebis dadgena iqneba arabraleuli pirovne-
bis reabilitacia, misgan gaumarTlebeli braldebis moxsna.
xolo konkretul faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Tu vin Caidina
danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba WeSmarite-
bis sakiTxi Ria, gadauwyveteli rCeba, manam, sanam konkre-
tul pirovnebas ar daadgenen.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSic federaluri normati-
uli aqtebiT gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze
28 29
obieqturi WeSmaritebis dadgena, igi, aseve mowonebulia
sxvadasxva Statebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebis mxridanac.
magram dResdReobiT sisxlis samarTlis procesis mxareebi
ufro miiswrafvian miaRwion samSvidobo SeTanxmebas,
rogorc Cans sazogadoebis wevrebisaTvis ufro Rirebulia
sazogadoebrivi keTildReoba, davebis, winaaRmdegobebis
daZleva mSvidobiani gziT, vidre saqmeze dadgenil iqnes
obieqturi WeSmariteba.
bolo periodSi rusul enaze gamocemul sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis saxelmZRvaneloebSi sisxlis samarTlis
procesis mizani da amocanebi gaigivebulia1.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanebze, mizanze, zemoT
mocemuli msjelobidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
Zalian didi principuli mniSvneloba ara aqvs sakiTxs,
sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani da amocanebi gaigive-
buli iqneba Tu cal-calke iqneba isini danaxuli (gaazre-
buli). miT umetes maSin, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanonmdeblobis amocanebis Sinaarsobrivi dat-
virTva TiTqmis emTxveva sisxlis samarTlis procesis mi-
zans (sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenas).
Cven mainc vfiqrobT, rom sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kanonmdeblobis amocanebi is saSualebaa, romelTa
meSveobiT mivdivarT sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznamde,
mizani ki konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmar-
itebis dadgenaa (ar daiyvaneba mxolod da mxolod dana-
Saulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi
garemoebebis da misi Camdeni piris dadgenamde, ufro didi
Sinaarsis mtvirTvelia).
1 Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, ïîä ðåä., Ê.Ô. Ãóöåíêî, Ì., 1998. ñ. 14. Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, îòâ., ðåä., È. Ë. Ïåòðóõèí, 2-å èçäàíèå, Ì., 2006. ñ. 6-7.
$3. saproceso forma da misi $3. saproceso forma da misi
mniSvnelobamniSvneloba
saproceso formasaproceso forma _ sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-
erTi fundamenturi kategoriaa. saproceso formis arse-
boba avaldebulebs sasamarTlos, mosamarTles, prokurors,
gamomZiebels sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebuli
nebismieri saproceso moqmedeba Caataron sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanoniT winaswar dadgenili wesebisa da pirobe-
bis dacviT. aRniSnul moTxovnaTa Seusrulebloba Sefas-
deba, rogorc kanonis darRveva, kanonis darRveviT Catare-
buli saproceso moqmedebebis Sedegebi ki ver iqnebian
iuridiuli Zalis matarebelni, e.i. ar gamodgebian mtkice-
balebad. maSasadame, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saproceso for-
ma sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisa Tu sasamarT-
loSi ganxilvis dros gvevlineba kanonierebis dacvis ga-
rantadac. im mimarTulebis mimcemad, rom Sesruldes
sisxlis samarTlis procesis winaSe mdgari amocanebi da
dadgindes WeSmariteba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. aseve,
saproceso forma Tavisi bunebiT qmnis safuZvels sisxlis
samarTlis procesSi monawile moqalaqeebis uflebebisa da
kanonieri interesebis dasacavad.
saproceso formis maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebia: sayovel-sayovel-
Taoba, erTianoba, savaldebulooba.Taoba, erTianoba, savaldebulooba.
sayovelTaobasayovelTaoba unda gavigoT ise, rom erTi da igive
kategoriis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisa Tu
sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros gamoiyeneba is erTiani
wesebi, romelic dadgenilia sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kanonmdeblobis mier. raginda martivadac Candes sisx-
lis samarTlis saqme, Tu sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesebi safuZvelas ar iZleva,
30 31
sasamarTlo, mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli ufle-
bamosilni ar arian Tavisi mixedulobis mixedviT moaxdinon
mocemuli saqmis gamoZiebis an sasamarTloSi ganxilvis
Sekveca, gafarToeba.
saproceso formis erTianobaerTianoba gamyarebulia imiT, rom
saqarTvelos umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organo-parla-
menti axorcielebs ra sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas mTel
teritoriaze, iRebs mocemul teritoriaze moqmed erTian
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobas.
saproceso formis savaldebuloobasavaldebulooba ki mdgomareobs
imaSi, rom zustad da mkacrad unda iqnes Sesrulebuli is
moTxovnebi, romelic dadgenilia saproceso formiT. Tuki
moxdeba saproceso formis darRveviT saproceso aqtis
Sedgena an gnebavT mtkicebulebis miReba, amas Sedegad
mohyveba uflebamosili piris mier aRniSnuli saproceso
aqtis gauqmeba, xolo mtkicebuleba miCneuli iqneba dauS-
vebel mtkicebulebad.
Znelia warmosadgenad, miRweuli iqnes sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesis mizani (sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze dadg-
indes WeSmariteba) Tu daculi ar iqna saproceso moqmede-
baTa Catarebisas saproceso forma. sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli wesebisa da pi-
robebis dacviT saproceso moqmedebaTa Catareba upirveles
yovlisa xom, swored procesis monawileebis uflebebisa
da kanonieri interesebis dacvas emsaxureba. sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmis moZraobis Sedegad miRebuli saproceso
Sedegebi sarwmuno unda iyos ara mxolod da mxolod
mosamarTlisaTvis, sasamarTlosaTvis, prokurorisaTvis,
gamomZieblisaTvis, aramed yvela imaTTvisac vinc Cabmulia
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi (mniSvneloba ara aqvs pro-
cesis monawile dainteresebulia Tu ara saqmis SedegebiT).
amitom, SesaZlebeli rom gaxdes, Semowmdes ramdenad iyo
daculi saproceso forma winasasamarTlo gamoZiebisa da
sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros, da aqedan gamomdinare
Semowmdes miRebuli saproceso Sedegebis sarwmunooba,
aucilebelia dafiqsirdes werilobiTi formiT, teqnikuri
saSualebebis gamoyenebiT gamoZiebis da sasamarTloSi saqmis
ganxilvis mimdinareoba srulad.
e.i. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saproceso formis Sinaar-
siT aqcenti keTdeba sasamarTlos, prokuraturis da gamoZie-
bis organoebis, saproceso kanonmdeblobiT mowesrigebul
saqmianobaze, romelic gansazRvrul CarCoebSia moqceuli
da rac savaldebuloa dacul iqnes. ase magaliTad, saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 23-e Tavi
eZRvneba winasasamarTlo gamoZiebas. sadac naTqvamia, rom
gamomZiebeli, prokurori valdebulni arian daiwyon wina-
sasamarTlo gamoZieba danaSaulis Sesaxeb informaciis miRe-
bis SemTxvevaSi. Tu gamomZiebeli daiwyebs winasasamarTlo
gamoZiebas, dauyovnebliv unda acnobos prokurors. saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 36-e Tavi
eTmoba sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs da maTi Catarebis wesebs,
sadac miTiTebulia, ra moTxovnebis dacviT iqnes Catareb-
uli esa Tu is sagamoZiebo moqmedeba (dakiTxva iqneba es
Tu Cxreka, amoReba, daTvaliereba, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti
da a.S.). saproceso kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs pirisaTvis
braldebis wardgenis wessa da formas, rom braldebis
wardgenas win uZRvis prokuroris dadgenileba piris bral-
debulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb (kanonmdeblo-
biT, sworadaa SeniSnuli, rom braldebis wardgenisaTvis
unda iyos Sekrebili mtkicebulebaTa da informaciaTa is
erToblioba, romelic sakmarisia gonivruli eWvisaTvis-
konkretulma pirma Caidina danaSauli) da a.S.
32 33
saproceso formis Sinaarsi moicavs erTobliobas im sa-
marTlebrivi moTxovnebisa, romelic daculi unda iyos ama
Tu im saproceso aqtis Sedgenisas. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs
calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis amsaxveli oqmebis Sedgenis
wesi da forma, ganaCenis Sedgenis wesi da forma, saapelacio
da sakasacio saCivrebis Sedgenis wesi da forma da a.S.
saproceso formis SinaarsSi Cadebuli samarTlebrivi
moTxovnebisadmi formaluri midgoma SeuTavsebelia sap-
roceso formis bunebisadmi. im wesebisa da pirobebis
Sesruleba, romelic moazrebulia saproceso formaSi,
niadags qmnis drois mcire monakveTSi miRweul iqnes
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgena da mo-
qalaqeTa uflebebis, kanonieri interesebis dacva. xolo
saproceso formiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebisa da pirobe-
bis daucveloba, araTu WeSmaritebamde migviyvans konkre-
tul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, aramed piriqiT, dagva-
Sorebs mas da gamoiwvevs moqalaqeTa uflebebis, kanonieri
intresebis ignorirebas.
istoriam, Sav laqad Semounaxa Cvens sazogadoebas me-20
saukunis 30-iani wlebis movlenebi. rodesac saproceso
formis SinaarsSi uaryofiTad aisaxa qveynis imdroindeli
politikuri reJimi. Sekvecili saproceso forma politi-
kur danaSaulobebze, Cadenili e.w. `xalxis mtrebis~ mier,
ganixileboda daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomebze, braldebuls
ufleba ar hqonda yoloda damcveli, ganaCeni sisruleSi
mohyavdaT dauyovnebliv, ikrZaleboda Suamdgomloba Sewy-
alebis Sesaxeb, `mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad~ iTvleboda
braldebulis mxridan bralis aRiareba, sxva mtkicebuleba
arc ki iyo saWiro. e.i. dakarguli iyo, rogorc sisxlis
samarTlis procesis mizani, ise adamianic. amitom sasurve-
lia sisxlis samarTlis procesis mecnierebam kvleva im
mimarTulebiT warmarTos, rom, rogorc saproceso formis
Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva, ise, nebismieri saproceso insti-
tuti gamoxatavdes zrunvas adamianze (am mxriv, ra Tqma
unda, didi roli unda iTamaSos qveyanaSi arsebulma poli-
tikurma reJimma).
zemoT arsebul msjelobas Tu davemyarebiT, SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom saproceso forma aris sisxlis samarTlis saproceso forma aris sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli im wesebisa da saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli im wesebisa da
pirobebis erToblioba, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmis pirobebis erToblioba, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
moZraobasTan dakavSirebiT Casatarebel saproceso moqmede-moZraobasTan dakavSirebiT Casatarebel saproceso moqmede-
bebs garkveul CarCoSi aqcevs.bebs garkveul CarCoSi aqcevs.
aRniSnuli ganmartebiT SevecadeT mokled, magram yov-
lismomcvelad Camogveyalibebina saproceso formis cneba.
saproceso literaturaSi gvxvdeba misi sxvadasxva ganmarte-
bebic, magram Sinaarsobrivad ZiriTadad mainc Tanxvdebian1.
$4. saproceso garantiebis arsi$4. saproceso garantiebis arsi
zogadad garantia raimes uzrunvelyofas niSnavs. sisx-
lis samarTlis procesSi miRweuli rom iqnes mizani-Ti-
Toeul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgena,
aucilebelia saproceso garantiebis arseboba. e.i. SeiZle-
ba vTqvaT, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesSi saproceso
garantiebi is saSualebaa, romelic uzrunvelyofs: a) sa-
marTliani marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebasa da
b) moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da kanonieri intresebis dacvas.
1 . Ì. Ñ. Ñòðîãîâè÷, Êóðñ ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíîãî ïðîöåññà, Ì., ò.1., 1968. ñ., 51; Êóðñ ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíîãî ïðîöåññà, îáùàÿ ÷àñòü, ïîä ðåä., À. Ä. Áîéêîâà è È. È. Êàðïåöà, Ì., 1989. ñ. 121; Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, ïîä ðåä., Ê. Ô. Ãóöåíêî, Ì., 1998. ñ. 21. sisxlis samarTlis procesi, a. faliaS-
vilis redaqtorobiT, Tb., 2002 w. gv. 6; Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé ôåäåðàöèè, îòâ., ðåä., È. Ë. Ïåòðóõèí. Ì., 2006. ñ. 7.
34 35
aRniSnuli mimarTebiT saproceso garantiebis bunebis gax-
snas im daskvnamde mivyavarT, rom sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis nebismier institutSi Tu principSi unda davinaxoT
(moviazroT) saproceso garantia, ramdenadac yvela isini
emsaxurebian samarTliani marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas
da moqalaqeTa uflebebis, kanonieri interesebis dacvas.
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesSi monawile moqalaqeebisaTvis saproceso garantiebi
aris maTi uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvis
saSualeba da imavdroulad saSualeba, yovelmxriv, srulad
da obieqturad iqnes sisxlis samarTlis saqme gamoZiebuli
da sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetili.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawile moqalaqeebisaT-
vis dawesebuli saproceso garantiebis daucveloba migviy-
vans samarTliani procesis xelyofamde, sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis araswor, arasrulyofil, calmxriv gamoZiebamde da
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebamde. rac saboloo jamSi
uaryofiTad warmoaCens mTeli saxelmwifo aparatis saqmi-
anobas, SebRalavs iseT Rirebulebebs, rogoricaa demokra-
tia da humanuroba.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba sisxlis
samarTlis procesis monawiles, rogorc sisxlis sapro-
ceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqts aniWebs ufle-
bebs kanonieri interesebis dasacavad, magram mxolod
uflebis miniWeba ar aris sakmarisi sakuTari interese-
bis dasacavad. realurad, rom isargeblos procesis
monawilem Tavisi uflebebiT, warmarTos isini sakuTari
Tavis dasacavad, saproceso kanoni adgens mTel rig sap-
roceso garantiebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesis monawileTa saproceso uflebebsa da
garantiebs Soris mWidro urTierTkavSiria, urTierTs
ganapirobeben (procesis monawiles Tu ar mieca sapro-
ceso uflebebi, arc dadgeba sakiTxi am uflebebis re-
alizebisa, Tu dacvis saSualebebis Sesaxeb), magram maTi
aseTi siaxlove sulac ar iZleva safuZvels, rom pro-
cesis monawileTa saproceso uflebebi da garantiebi
gavaigivoT. saproceso uflebebi danaxuli unda iqnes,
rogorc sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis
subieqtis uflebamosileba mosTxovos Sesabamis organoebs
an sxva pirebs garkveuli moqmedebis Sesruleba an misi
Sesrulebisagan Tavis Sekaveba, xolo saproceso garan-
tiebi ki is saSualebaa, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqtis
saproceso uflebebis realuri ganxorcieleba, maTi
dacva. msjeloba naTeli rom iyos moviyvanoT aseTi
magaliTi. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis 76-e muxlSi gadmocemulia braldebulis ufle-
bebi. romelTa meSveobiTac mas SeuZlia daicvas Tavi
wardgenili braldebisagan. es uflebebia: icodes romeli
danaSaulis CadenaSia braldebuli, iyolios damcveli,
dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekave-
bis ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli da sxva. ra sapro-
ceso garantiebs iZleva kanonmdebeli braldebulis
aRniSnuli uflebebis realurad ganxorcielebisaTvis.
maTi dacvisaTvis? aseTi saproceso garantiebis rigSi
SeiZleba davasaxeloT uflebamosili piris (gamomZiebeli,
damkavebeli moxele) movaleoba-dakavebis momentSi an, Tu
dakaveba ar xdeba-braldebulad cnobisTanave dauyovnebliv,
aseve nebismieri dakiTxvis win braldebuls acnobon mis-
Tvis gasageb enaze saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli romeli danaSaulis CadenaSi
arsebobs mis mimarT eWvi. braldebuls gadascen dakave-
36 37
bis oqmis an, Tu dakavebuli ar aris braldebulad cno-
bis dadgenilebis asli. aseve, braldebuls ganemartos,
Tuki igi airCevs dumilis uflebas mis realizebas am-
yarebs kanonmdeblis neba, rom dumilis ufleba ar Sei-
Zleba gamoyenebul iqnes braldebulis braleulobis
damadasturebel mtkicebulebad. braldebulma unda
icodes, rom dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis
Sekavebis uflebiT sargebloba garantirebulia imiT, rom
pasuxis gacemaze uari ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mis
sawinaaRmdegod. braldebulis mxridan dacvis uflebis
realurad ganxorcielebis garantiaa, misi SesaZlebloba
Tavi daicvas damoukideblad an arCeuli damcvelis meS-
veobiT, romlis Secvlis uflebac aqvs nebismier dros,
xolo Tu is uqonelia, sakuTari interesebi daicvas
saxelmwifos xarjze daniSnuli damcvelis mier. bral-
debulis dacvis uflebis realizebas ganamtkicebs kanon-
mdeblis neba, rig SemTxvevebSi savaldebulo wesiT moxdes
braldebulis interesebis dacva. braldebulis dacvis
uflebas realurs, garantirebuls xdis kanonmdeblis
moTxovnac-gonivruli dro da saSualeba mieces bralde-
bulsa da mis damcvels dacvis momzadebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi,
dazaralebuls rogorc procesis monawiles, sakuTari in-
tresebis dasacavad aseve aniWebs rig uflebebs: gamomZie-
belTan an prokurorTan waradginos mtkicebulebebi, Suam-
dgomlobiT mimarTos prokurors mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxo-
vis, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis, garemoebaTa Semow-
mebisa da saqmesTan dakavSirebuli sxva sakiTxebis Seswav-
lis Taobaze da a.S. dazaralebulma, rom SeZlos sapro-
ceso kanoniT miniWebuli uflebebis realurad ganxor-
cieleba, gamomZiebeli, prokurori, sasamarTlo movaleni
arian, piris dazaralebulad cnobisTanave mas ganumarton
uflebebi da aseve, dazaralebuls winaswar Seatyobinon
saproceso moqmedebebis Catarebis adgili da dro. dazarale-
bulma sakuTar uflebebSi garkveva da maTi dacva, rom
ganaxorcielos xarisxianad, kanonmdebeli mas warmomadgen-
lis yolis uflebasac aZlevs.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebis (mxedveloba-
Si gvyavs, rogorc braldebuli, dazaralebuli, aseve mow-
mec da procesis sxva monawileebic) uflebebis realurad
ganxorcielebas emsaxureba iseTi saproceso institutebi,
rogoricaa: saCivari, Suamdgomloba, saproceso forma, TviT
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis monawilis
movaleoba, aRniSnuli institutebi Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi
datvirTviT, xom procesis monawileebis uflebebis cxovre-
baSi gatarebis saSualebebia da saboloo jamSi saproceso
garantiebTan erTad sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznis-
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis miRwevas
emsaxurebian.
amdenad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom: saproceso garantiebi saproceso garantiebi
aris sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT dadgenili aris sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT dadgenili
saSualebebi, romlebiTac uzrunvelyofilia samarTliani saSualebebi, romlebiTac uzrunvelyofilia samarTliani
marTlmsajulebisa da moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da kanonieri marTlmsajulebisa da moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da kanonieri
interesebis dacvis ganxorcieleba.interesebis dacvis ganxorcieleba.
38 39
$5. saproceso funqciis arsi da saxeebi$5. saproceso funqciis arsi da saxeebi
sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani _ sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeze dadgenil iqnes WeSmariteba, dadgenil iqnes
danaSaulis Camdeni piris braleuloba da igi samarTlianad
daisajos, dacul iqnes arabraleuli adamiani usafuZvlo
braldebisagan da ganxorcieldes moqalaqeebze aRmzrdelo-
biTi zemoqmedebis moxdena, miRweul rom iqnes, saWiroa
momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrulma Tanamdebobis pirebma,
daiwyon saproceso kanoniT miniWebuli uflebamosilebis
ganxorcieleba. kerZod, Caataron mTeli rigi sagamoZiebo
moqmedebebi, raTa moipovon mtkicebulebebi, rom darwmund-
nen saxeze arsebuli iuridiuli faqti namdvilad Sedegia
sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedebisa, da Tuki irwmunes yovelive aRniSnuli, daadginon
piri, visac braldeba unda warudginon.
rodesac dadgindeba piri, romelsac braldeba unda
waredginos, e.i. ganxorcieldes misi misamarTiT sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devna, Tavs iCens saproceso kanoniT miniWe-
buli ufleba _ pirma Tavi daicvas wardgenili braldebi-
sagan, mtkicebulebaTa da sxvadasxva monacemebis moyvaniT
uaryos wardgenili braldeba an Seimsubuqos pasuxismge-
bloba. rogorc winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis, ise sasamarT-
loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis dros dadgenil
unda iqnes ara mxolod da mxolod is garemoebebi, rom-
lebic adastureben piris braldebas an amZimeben mis pasux-
ismgeblobas, aramed is garemoebebic, romlebic saubroben
braldebulis sasargeblod, emsaxurebian mis gamarTlebas
an pasuxismgeblobis Semsubuqebas.
saboloo jamSi braldebulis saxiT sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi micemuli piris braleulobis Tu arabraleu-
lobis sakiTxi unda gadawyvitos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
arsebiTi ganxilvis safuZvelze sasamarTlom.
Cvens mier zemoT gadmocemul msjelobaSi, zogadad
daxasiaTebulia sisxlis saproceso samarTlis saqmianobis
ZiriTadi mimarTulebis arsi, romliTac faqtobrivad gax-
snilia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso funqciis buneba. rac
gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas vTqvaT, rom sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi ikveTeba oTxi ZiriTadi funqcia: 1) gamoZiebis;
2) braldebis; 3) dacvis da 4) sasamarTloSi sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqcia1.
amjerad TiToeuli maTgani mokled davaxasiaTod, ufro
vrclad da detalurad isini gadmocemuli iqneba wignis
Sesabamis TavebSi.
1) gamoZiebis funqcia.gamoZiebis funqcia. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 61-e muxlis mixedviT gamoZiebis fun-
qcias axorcieleben: saqarTvelos prokuraturis, saqarT-
velos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqarTvelos Tavdacvis
1 sisxlis saproceso samarTlis literaturaSi saproceso funqciis
sakiTxi araerTgvarovnadaa gadawyvetili, ase magaliTad, m.s. strogoviCi aRniS-
navda, rom `sisxlis samarTlis procesSi arsebobs sami ZiriTadi funqcia: a)
braldebis (sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis), b) dacvis da g) saqmis gadawyvetis
(Ñòðîãîâè÷ Ì.Ñ., êóðñ ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíîãî ïðîöåññà, ò.1. 1968. ñ. 189); xolo r. d. raxunovi ki anviTarebda mosazrebas eqvsi saproceso funqciis
arsebobis Sesaxeb: a) saqmis gamoZieba, b) braldeba, g) dacva, d) samoqalaqo
sarCelis wardgena, e) samoqalaqo sarCelisagan Tavis dacva da v) saqmis gad-
awyveta (Ðàõóíîâ Ð.Ä., Ó÷àñòíèêè óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ïî ñîâåòñêîìó ïðàâó, 1961, ñ. 47-48); analogiur mosazrebas iziarebda p.s.
elkindi, im gansxvavebiT, rom samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenas da misgan Tavis
dacvas miiCnevda araZiriTad funqciebad (Ýëüêèíä Ï.Ñ. Ñóùíîñòü ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîãî ïðàâî, èçä-âî ËÃÓ, 1963. ñ. 59-66): `sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis~ qarTul saxelmZRvaneloSi, romelic gamocemulia 2002
wels, saproceso funqciis oTx saxezea (a)gamoZiebis (braldebis), b) dacvis,
g) saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis, d) zedamxedvelobis) saubari, gv. 10.
40 41
saministros, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros, saqarT-
velos finansTa saministros, saqarTvelos garemos dacvi-
sa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros sagamoZiebo dan-
ayofebis gamomZieblebi. isini TavianTi komptenciis farg-
lebSi valdebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Caa-
taron yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamoZieba. gamo-
avlinon danaSaulis Cadenis yvela garemoeba; miiRon
zomebi danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis asanazRaure-
blad da danaSaulis xelSemwyobi mizezebisa da pirobebis
gamosavlenad da aRmosafxvrelad. sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa
Catarebis gziT moipovon mtkicebulebebi, riTac SeZleben
danaSaulis Camdeni yvela piris dadgenas. gamomZiebeli
erTnairad dainteresebuli unda iyos piris mimarT Sekri-
bos, rogorc gamamtyunebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli mtkice-
bulebebi, daadginos, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis damamZime-
beli, ise Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi. gamomZiebelma Tavi-
si obieqturi, miukerZoebeli, saqmisadmi profesiuli
midgomiT, maqsimalurad Tanabari pirobebi unda Seuqmnas
braldebisa da dacvis mxares sasamarTloSi paeqrobisaTvis.
gamomZiebels unda axsovdes, misi saqmianoba win uZRvis ra
sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas, didi
pasuxismgebloba akisria. Tu winasasamarTlo gamoZieba
Catarebulia sworad da srulyofilad, mtkicebulebebic
akmayofilebs saproceso kanonis moTxovnebs, maSin sasa-
marTloc SeZlebs samarTliani marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cielebas da kanonieri, dasabuTebuli da samarTliani
ganaCenis gamotanas. xolo Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqme
gamoZiebulia cudad, calmxrivad, arasrulyofilad, maSin
sasamarTlos gauZneldeba araTu samarTliani marTlmsa-
julebis ganxorcieleba, aramed saerTod sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmis ganxilva.
vexebiT ra gamoZiebis funqcias, unda gvaxsovdes, rom
winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis stadiaze ar wydeba da arc
SeiZleba wydebodes braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi mice-
muli piris braleulobis sakiTxi. braleulad braldebuli
(gansasjeli) SeiZleba cnos mxolod sasamarTlom da ara-
viTar SemTxvevaSi arc gamomZiebelma da arc prokurorma.
e.i. gamoZiebis funqciis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
gamomZiebelma sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, obieqturi, mi-
ukerZoebeli midgomiT Caataros sruli moculobiT saga-
moZiebo moqmedebebi, raTa am gziT mopovebuli mtkicebule-
bebiT daadginos, rogorc danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawi-
naaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani, ise am qmede-
baTa Camdeni piric. rom Seqmnas pirobebi braldebisa da
dacvis mxareebisaTvis sasamarTloSi sapaeqrod.
2) braldebis funqcia.braldebis funqcia. mas Semdeg, rac konkretul
faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamomZiebeli qvemdebareobis mixedviT
Caatarebs sruli moculobiT sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs da
moipovebs mtkicebulebebs, romlebic misi varaudiT sakma-
risia pirisaTvis braldebis warsadgenad, sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmes gadascems saproceso xelmZRvanelobis ganmax-
orcielebel prokurors. prokurori Seiswavlis, amowmebs,
afasebs: a) sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi arsebul TiToeul
mtkicebulebas, saproceso normebis moTxovnaTa dacviTaa
Tu ara isini mopovebuli? mtkicebulebebiT marTlac dg-
indeba qmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdego xasiaTi? saqmeSi arse-
buli mtkicebulebebiT marTlac dgindeba marTlsawinaaRm-
dego qmedebis Camdeni piri? saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebule-
bebi sakmarisia dasabuTebuli varaudisaTvis, rom pirma
Caidina danaSauli da SeiZleba mas braldeba waredginos?
aris yvela is garemoeba dadgenili, romlebic gavlenas
axdens piris pasuxismgeblobis xasiaTsa da xarisxze, axa-
42 43
siaTebs mis pirovnebas? dadgenilia Tu ara danaSaulis
Sedegad miyenebuli zianis xasiaTi da odenoba? am da sxva
rig sakiTxebs, rom gadawyvets prokurori, mas gamoaqvs
dadgenileba piris braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi mice-
mis Taobaze an gamomZiebels aZlevs Tanxmobas aseTi dadge-
nilebis gamotanis Taobaze (saqarTvelos sssk-is 282-e
muxlis pirveli nawili). braldebis wardgenasac anxor-
cielebs prokurori an gamomZiebeli. gamomZiebeli pirisaT-
vis braldebis wardgenis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv acnobebs
prokurors. kanonmdeblis es pozicia arasworad migvaCnia1,
ramdenadac Tu gamomZiebels, prokuroris TanxmobiT mieca
SesaZlebloba gamoitanos dadgenileba piris braldebulis
saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb, aseve braldebuls
warudginos braldeba, mas es ufleba tendenciurs, arao-
bieqturs gaxdis. misi interesi mimarTuli iqneba iqiTken,
rom moipovos da Sekribos mxolod braldebis damadas-
turebeli mtkicebulebebi, misTvis miuRebeli gaxdeba
gawios garkveuli Sroma gamamarTlebeli an Semamsubuqebeli
garemoebebis dasadgenad, rac gamoZiebas calmxrivs da aras-
rulyofils gaxdis. daamkvidrebs maxinj sagamoZiebo praq-
tikas, romlis mixedviTac prokurori yovelTvis Seecdeba
ara mxolod daeTanxmos gamomZiebels piris braldebulis
saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemaze da braldebis wardgenaze,
aramed daavalos kidev sabraldebo daskvnis Sedgenac, mo-
tivad is gamoiyenos, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebs
gamomZiebeli ufro icnobs, TviTon ki, rogorc prokurori
mxolod xels moawers sabraldebo daskvnas. amiT ki dai-
1 r. gogSeliZe, rogori unda iyos gamoZiebis xvalindeli dRe? saiubi-
leo krebuli, miZRv., Tsu iur. fak. 80 wlis., `saxelmwifosa da samarTlis
aqtualuri problemebi~, 2003 w. gv. 442-449: r. gogSeliZe, prokuraturis
roli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, J., `samarTali~, 2002 w. #9-10; gv.
71-75.
kargeba prokurori, rogorc profesionali, romelic mxars
uWers braldebas da misi, rogorc braldebis mxaris pa-
suxismgebloba. es pasuxismgebloba gadanawilebul iqneba
prokurorsa da gamomZiebels Soris (maSin, rodesac
gamomZiebeli ar aris mxare). xolo gamomZiebeli, rogorc
gamoZiebis fanqciis ganmaxorcielebeli Sesustdeba, xarve-
ziani gaxdeba da dakargavs faqtis gamoZiebasTan mimarTe-
baSi miukerZoeblobisa da obieqturobis Tvisebas (garda
amisa, Seikveceba gamomZieblis profesionalad gazrdis
survili. is prokuroris miTiTebebs daelodeba).
mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, gamomZieblis funqciad darCes
faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba, xolo prokuroris funqciad
ki braldebis funqcia, sadac moazrebuli iqneba dadge-
nilebis gamotana piris braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi
micemis, braldebis wardgenisa da sabraldebo daskvnis Sed-
genis Sesaxeb. aseve, kanonmdebelma prokuroris movaleobad
unda aqcios braldebulis dakiTxva da ara SesaZleblobad
(uflebad), rogorc es gadawyvetilia moqmedi sisxlis sa-
marTlis saproceso kodeqsis 283-e muxlis pirveli nawil-
iT. braldebulis dakiTxva prokurors daexmareba ara mx-
olod Seamowmos, Seafasos saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebule-
bebi, aramed Caswvdes TviTon braldebulis pirovnebas da
amiT Seiqmnas Sinagani rwmena, gaimyaros sakuTari pozicia,
rogorc mxarem. yovelive zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT
Camoyalibdeba kontrolis didi meqanizmi adamianis ufle-
baTa da kanonier interesTa dacvis sferoSi.
maSasadame, unda iTqvas, rom braldebiTi funqcia,
rogorc sisxlis saproceso samarTlis funqcia, upirveles
yovlisa kompetenturi Tanamdebobis piris, organos bral-
debiTi saqmianobaa, mimarTuli imisken, rom mxilebul iqnes
danaSaulis Camdeni piri. meores mxriv, braldebiTi funqcia
44 45
gulisxmobs saxelmwifo bralmdeblis saqmianobas sasamarT-
loSi rogorc mxarisa, romelic braldebis gamamyarebeli
mtkicebulebebis moyvaniTa da maTi gamokvleviT cdilobs
daamtkicos gansasjelis braleuloba sisxlis samarTlis
kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadenaSi.
mesames mxriv, unda iTqvas, rom raki braldebiTi saqmi-
anoba mimarTulia konkretuli piris danaSaulis CadenaSi
mxilebisaken da misi msjavrdebisaken, igi uTanabrdeba (Tum-
caRa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ufro farTo Sinaarsis
matarebelia, vidre braldebis) sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis institutsac. aqedan gamomdinare ki, raki sisxlis-
samarTlebriv devnas saqarTvelos sssk-is 55-e muxlis
mixedviT prokuratura axorcielebs, braldebiTi funqciis braldebiTi funqciis
gamtarebelic mxolod da mxolod am organos Tanamdebobis gamtarebelic mxolod da mxolod am organos Tanamdebobis
piri-prokurori unda iyos.piri-prokurori unda iyos.
amrigad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, rogorc sapro-
ceso saqmianoba mimarTulia konkretuli piris _ bralde-
bulis mimarT1, romelsac braldeba danaSaulis Cadena.
saproceso literaturaSi iyo sxva mosazrebac. zogierTi
swavluli iuristi miiCnevda, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna xorcieldeba ara konkretuli piris mimarT, aramed
TviTon faqtis mimarTo2, rac arasworad unda miviCnioT.
TviTon sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis etimologiuri mniS-
vneloba gveubneba, rom devna xorcieldeba piris mimarT da
ara faqtisa. faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba iwyeba.
1 S. fafiaSvili, sisxlis samarTlis saqmisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis aRZvris problema sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. Tb., 1999 w. gv. 24.
Ì. Ñ. Ñòðîãîâè÷, Êóðñ ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíîãî ïðîöåññà, ò. 1. Ì., 1968. ñ. 192-196.
2 Ì. À. ×åëüöîâ. Ñîâåòñêèé óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, Ãîñþðèçäàò, 1951. ñ. 88-89. Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé ôåäåðàöèè. îòâ. ðåä. È. Ë. Ïåòðóõèí, Ì., 2006. ñ. 94.
daskvnis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom braldebiTi funqcia,
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna xorcieldeba ra konkretuli
piris mimarT, iwyeba winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis stadiaze
_ dadgenilebis gamotaniT piris braldebulis saxiT pa-
suxisgebaSi micemis Taobaze (magram, ramdenadac dRes mo-
qmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi icnobs eWvmi-
tanilis instituts, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna SeiZle-
ba iTqvas iwyeba maSinac, rodesac piris dakaveba xdeba
eWvmitanilis saxiT an dadgenileba gamoitaneba piris eWvmi-
tanilad cnobis Sesaxeb da grZeldeba manamde vidre ar
amoiwureba piris eWvmitanilad dakavebis vada da piri ar
gaTavisufldeba an vidre dadgenileba piris eWvmitanilad
cnobis Taobaze ar gauqmdeba braldebis warudgenlobis
gamo) da grZeldeba manamde, vidre sasamarTlo ar gamoitans
gamamtyunebel ganaCens da es ganaCeni ar Seva kanonier
ZalaSi. aseve, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna konkretuli
piris mimarT mTavrdeba Tu sasamarTlo gamoitans gamama-
rTlebel ganaCens an kidev Sewydeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna an/da winaswari gamoZieba.
vexebiT ra sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas, gverds ver
avuqcevT kanonmdeblis xedvas am institutTan dakavSirebiT
da verc mis saxeebs. romelsac aseve gvawodebs kanonmdebeli
saqarTvelos moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kode-
qsSi (sssk-is 23-e muxli) da uyuradRebodac ar toveben
saproceso literaturaSi.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
44-e muxlis 431-e punqtis mixedviT sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi devna _ es aris uflebamosili piris mier ganxorciele-
buli moqmedebaTa erToblioba, romlis mizania eWvmitanilis
an braldebulis mimarT sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kanonebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Ronis-
46 47
Ziebis gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa. aRniSnuli kodeqsis 23-e
muxli iZleva sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxeebis
CamonaTvalsac, esenia: sajaro, subsidiuri, kerZo-sajaro
da kerZo1. davaxasiaToT TiToeuli maTgani.
a) sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. sajaro sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devna xorcieldeba yvela kategoriis dana-
Saulze, mniSvneloba ara aqvs es iqneba gansakuTrebiT
mZime, mZime Tu naklebad mZime kategoriis danaSauli. es
gasagebicaa, ramdenadac saxelmwifo Tavis Tavze iRebs
valdebulebas daicvas danaSauliT dazaralebuli adami-
anebi an organizaciebi. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 24-e muxlis mixedviT sajaro sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi devnis ganmaxorcielebeli subieqtebi
arian: prokurori da gamomZiebeli. isini miiReben Tu ara
informacias danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb, yvela SemTx-
vevaSi valdebulni arian daiwyon gamoZieba. mniSvneloba
ara aqvs iqneba Tu ara Setyobineba dazaralebulis, eWvmi-
tanilis, braldebulis Tu sxva piris mxridan. Tu gamomZie-
beli damoukideblad daiwyebs gamoZiebas, dauyovnebliv
acnobebs prokurors da unda miiRos misgan Tanxmoba. mas
Semdeg, rac gamomZiebeli moipovebs sakmaris mtkicebulebebs
da miiCnevs, rom safuZveli aqvs gamoitanos dadgenileba
konkretuli piris braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi
misacemad, valdebulia aseTi dadgenilebis gamosatanad
Tanxmoba miiRos prokurorisagan.
rac Seexeba prokurors, prokurori winaswari gamoZie-
bis stadiaze metad aqtiuri da farTo uflebamosilebis
1 zogierT literaturaSi asaxeleben sajaro-kerZo sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi devnis saxesac, romelic iwyeba, rogorc sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna, magram mTavrdeba mxareTa SerigebiT, ix. Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. ó÷åáíèê 2-å èçä., îòâ ðåä., È. Ë. Ïåòðóõèí, 2006. ñ. 94-108.
matarebeli subieqtia (saqarTvelos sssk-is 56-e muxli).
rogorc kanonmdeblobidan Cans, igi sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad winaswari gamoZie-
bis stadiaze axorcielebs saproceso xelmZRvanelobas da
Tavisi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobiT utoldeba komunisturi
periodis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
uflebamosil prokurors, romelic winaswari gamoZiebis
stadiaze saprokuroro zedamxedvelobas axorcielebda.
vfiqrobT, aseTi Zveli standartiT prokuroris uflebam-
osilebis SenarCuneba iwvevs gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis urTierTSi aRrevas da winaaRmdegobaSi
mosvlas SejibrebiT sisxlis samarTlis procesTan (es
problema sainteresoa da sxva kuTxiT kvlevis sagani).
prokurori damoukideblad iwyebs gamoZiebas, aseve
damoukideblad gamoaqvs dadgenileba piris braldebulis
saxiT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb;
uflebamosilia monawileoba miiRos nebismieri saxis saga-
moZiebo moqmedebaTa CatarebaSi, TviTon awarmoos winaswari
gamoZieba sruli moculobiT da a.S. winaswari gamoZieba
daasrulos sabraldebo daskvnis SedgeniT da asli gad-
asces braldebuls.
sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros winaswari
gamoZieba warimarTeba obieqturad, yovelmxriv da sruli
moculobiT. sakmarisi da aucilebeli mtkicebulebebis
Sekrebis mizniT tardeba yvela saWiro da aucilebeli
mtkicebulebebi.
sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisas
misi mimdinareoba, rom usafuZvlod ar gaWianurdes da amiT
ar Seilaxos moqalaqeTa uflebebi da kanonieri inter-
esebi, maTi dacvis mizniT kanonmdebelma Seqmna meqanizmebi.
erT-erT aseT meqanizms warmoadgens dazaralebulis, misi
48 49
warmomadgenlis, samoqalaqo mosarCeles, agreTve im piris
mier, romlis mimarTac xdeba mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba, sa-
Civris Setana zemdgom prokurorTan an gamoZiebis adgilis
mixedviT raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, im motiviT,
rom saqmeSi aris sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis gansaxorcileblad, magram, ratomRac
gamomZiebels prokuroris TanxmobiT an prokurors ar
gamoaqvT dadgenileba piris braldebulad sisxlis samar-
Tlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb da iTxoven devnis
dawyebas.
sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisas
prokurori valdebulia Secvalos braldeba an uari Tqvas
braldebaze nawilobriv an mTlianad Tu saqmeSi arsebuli
mtkicebulebebi ar adastureben braldebas. prokuroris
aseTi gadawyvetileba savaldebuloa gamomZieblisaTvis.
garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac gamomZiebeli ar eTanxmeba
prokurors braldebis moculobis, qmedebis kvalifikaciis
sferoSi. aseT dros gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs Tavisi
mosazrebebi werilobiTi formiT da sisxlis samarTlis
saqme warudginos zemdgom prokurors, romelic auqmebs
qvemdgomi prokuroris miTiTebebs an gamoZiebas avalebs
sxva gamomZiebels. zemdgomi prokuroris gadawyvetileba
sabolooa. Tu prokurori sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis ganxilvisas uars ityvis braldebaze an Secvlis
braldebas gansasjelis sasargeblod, aucilebelia zem-
dgomi prokuroris Tanxmoba. magram, amasTan dakavSirebiT
kanonmdebeli ar azustebs, zemdgomi prokuroris es Tanx-
moba werilobiTi formis iyos Tu zepiri. kanonmdeblis
nebidan gamomdinare orive forma misaRebi unda iyos, magram
yovelgvari mosalodneli gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis
mizniT zemdgomi prokuroris Tanxmoba unda iyos werilo-
biTi saxiT. miT umetes maSin, rodesac sasamarTloSi bral-
debis Secvlisas prokurori valdebulia sasamarTlos
warudginos braldebis axali werilobiTi formulireba.
TumcaRa isic sakamaToa, kanonmdebeli ratom avaldebulebs
prokurors braldebis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi warudginos
sasamarTlos axali werilobiTi formulireba? sasamarTlo
xom saqmes wyvets kanonis uzenaesobisa da Sinagani rwmenis
safuZvelze, Tuki, sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxil-
visas, rogorc kanonmdebeli SeniSnavs sssk-is 446-e muxlis
mesame nawilSi, prokurors Camouyalibda rwmena, rom bral-
deba, romelsac igi mxars uWerda ar dasturdeba valde-
bulia Tqvas uari braldebaze (es imperatiuli moTxovnaa),
maSin ratomRa unda iyos prokurori valdebuli sasamarT-
los warudginos braldebis axali werilobiTi formuli-
reba. gana aseTi mniSvnelovani unda iyos sasamarTlosaTvis
braldebis mxaris pozicia? maSin ra vuyoT dacvis mxaris
pozicias?
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
24-e muxlis merve nawilis mixedviT Tu prokurori sasa-
marTloSi uars ityvis braldebaze, sasamarTlo valdebulia
Sewyvitos sisxlis samarTlis saqme an gamoitanos gamama-
rTlebeli ganaCeni (aRniSnuli muxlis nawilis srulyo-
filebisaTvis kargi iqneboda kanonmdebels yuradReba mieq-
cia sssk-is 446-e muxlisaTvis).
b) subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 23-e muxli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis erT-erT saxed acxadebs sub-
sidiur sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas. subsidiuri sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devna gvxvdeba mxolod da mxolod sasa-
marTloSi (aq igulisxmeba, rogorc pirveli instanciis
sasamarTlo, ise saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasa-
50 51
marTloebi) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas. ratom
sasamarTloSi da ara winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze? das-
mul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaSi dagvexmareba TviTon sityva
`subsidiuris~ mniSvneloba da kanonmdeblis neba. sityva
`subsidiuri~ (subsidiarius) laTinuri warmoSobisaa da
qarTulad _ damxmares, damatebiTs niSnavs. sityvis es
mniSvneloba kanonmdebelma kargad miusadaga dazaralebulis,
misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis uflebas da saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 25-e muxlSi
ganacxada, rom dazaralebulsa da mis warmomadgenels
ufleba aqvT mxari dauWiron prokuroris mier formuli-
rebul saxelmwifo braldebas. aseTi mxardaWera ki Sei-
Zleba gamovlindes, rogorc sajaro ise kerZo-sajaro
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros. dazaralebuli, misi
kanonieri warmomadgeneli prokurorTan, saxelmwifo bralm-
debelTan erTad amtkicebs ra gansasjelis braleulobas,
iTxovs mis dasjas, moqmedebs rogorc sajaro interesebis
damcveli. meores mxriv, misi monawileoba sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeSi emsaxureba sakuTari interesebis, uflebebis
dacvas, romelic dairRva danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad.
swored am dros, rodesac dazaralebuli (misi warmomad-
geneli) prokurorTan erTad ganaxorcielebs kanoniT mini-
Webul uflebas _ icavs sakuTar interesebs, amtkicebs
konkretuli piris braldebas, abaTilebs gansasjelisa da
misi damcvelis poziciebs, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi
igi ukve moqmedebs, rogorc subsidiuri bralmdebeli.
ramdenadac saxelmwifo braldeba xorcieldeba mxolod
sasamarTloSi, subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ver
gamovlindeba winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze.
subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ara mxolod
imas gulisxmobs, rom dazaralebulma, misma kanonierma
warmomadgenelma sasamarTloSi mxari dauWiros prokuro-
ris mier formulirebul saxelmwifo braldebas, aramed am
saxeobis devnis bunebisaTvis isaa kidev damaxasiaTebeli,
rom Tu prokurori uars ityvis braldebaze an Secvlis
braldebas, dazaralebuls an mis warmomadgenels ufleba
aqvs sasamarTloSi mxari dauWiros winandel braldebas.
magram ara aqvT ufleba, gascdnen prokuroris mier for-
mulirebul saxelmwifo braldebis farglebs. (e.i. dazarale-
buli moklebulia SesaZleblobas, gansasjelis mimarT
wamowios axali braldeba, mas rCeba ufleba Secvalos
braldeba gansasjelis sasargeblod). aseT SemTxvevaSi
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ar wydeba, sasamarTlo ganagr-
Zobs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas, sadac ukve
bralmdeblis rangSi gvevlineba dazaralebuli an misi
warmomadgeneli. prokurors ki ufleba aqvs aRar miiRos
monawileoba saqmis ganxilvaSi, ramdenadac man ukve daafiq-
sira sakuTari pozicia.1
subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna gamoyenebadi
rom iyos sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxil-
vis dros, mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) sasamarTlo sxdomis
mosamzadebel stadiaze dazaralebuls, mis kanonier war-
momadgenels uflebebisa da movaleobebis ganmartebis mi-
cemis dros, subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT meti informacia unda
1 mas Semdeg, rac prokurori uars ityvis braldebaze an Secvlis bral-
debas, dazaralebuls, mis kanonier warmomadgenels ufleba mieces dauWiros
mxari winandel braldebas _ hyavs mowinaaRmdegeebi. argumentad is mohyavT,
rom ramdenadac dazaralebuls ara aqvs iuridiuli ganaTleba, mtkicebis
tvirTi gansasjelis braleulobis Sesaxeb gadava sasamarTloze; rom sasa-
marTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis gagrZelebis dros, dazarale-
buli ixelmZRvanelebs ara iuridiuli normebiT, aramed SurisZiebis grZno-
biT, ganawyenebis grZnobiT.
52 53
miawodos.
g) kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 23-e muxlis
mixedviT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis erT-erTi saxea
kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, romlis arsic
kanonmdebels gaxsnili aqvs sssk-is 26-e muxlSi. aRniS-
nuli devnis Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aq Seza-
vebulia erTmaneTSi sajaro da kerZo interesebi. kerZo-
sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis kerZo interesi
ikveTeba imaSi, rom igi iwyeba mxolod dazaralebulis
saCivriT da ar wydeba braldebulTan dazaralebulis Ser-
igebiT. TumcaRa gamonaklisi saxiT, garkveul SemTxvevaSi
kanonmdebeli uSvebs kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis ganxorcielebis dros braldebulTan dazaralebulis
Serigebasac (rac, vfiqrobT kargad warmoaCens aRniSnuli
devnis kerZo bunebas). es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis gagrZelebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos
rogorc dazaralebuls, ise braldebuls. magaliTad, Svilad
ayvanis saidumloeba gaamJRavna ojaxis wevrma (vTqvaT be-
biam), dazaralebulma emociebze dayrdnobiT, Sesabamis
organoSi Seitana saCivari, daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna, magram misma gagrZelebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos
rogorc dazaralebuls, ise braldebuls. kerZod ki, Seiqm-
nas konfliqturi viTareba, dapirispireba ojaxis wevrebs
Soris da saqme mivides col-qmris ganqorwinebamdec, ufro
metad daziandes Svilad ayvanilis interesebi. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis gagrZeleba zianis
mimyenebeli iqneba, rogorc dazaralebulisaTvis, ise bral-
debulisaTvis, amitom igi unda Sewydes. an aviRoT aseTi
martivi magaliTi: gaupatiurebis faqtze (mxedvelobaSia,
danaSauli gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
137-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT) dazaralebulis saCivriT
daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. cnobili gaxda, rom
dazaralebulma da braldebulma Seqmnes ojaxi, dazarale-
buli fexmZimedaa, e.i. Serigdnen. aseT SemTxvevaSi, gana
logikuri iqneba da samarTliani gagrZeldes sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi devna, romelic zianis mimyenebeli iqneba
rogorc dazaralebulisaTvis, ise braldebulisaTvis? ra
Tqma unda, ara, da igi unda Sewydes.
kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sajaro
xasiaTi vlindeba imaSi, rom prokurors ufleba aqvs
garkveul SemTxvevaSi daiwyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
26-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-
lobebidan, romelimes saxeze arsebobisas, maSinac ki, rode-
sac ar arsebobs dazaralebulis saCivari. kerZod ki maSin,
roca saqmes aqvs gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniS-
vneloba da imavdroulad dazaralebuls umweo mdgomareo-
bis an braldebulze damokidebulebis gamo ar SeuZlia
daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi. oRond
im pirobiT, rom qmedunarian dazaralebuls prokurori-
saTvis aqvs micemuli werilobiTi Tanxmoba sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis Taobaze. naTqvamidan gamom-
dinareobs, rom Tu dazaralebuli qmeduunaro iqneba, aseT
SemTxvevaSi prokurorma sakuTari iniciativiT unda ganax-
orcielos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.
yuradReba misaqcevia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 26-e muxlis meore nawilSi naTqvami
sityvebi: `saqmis gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniS-
vneloba~. vin unda Seafasos `saqme aris Tu ara gansa-
kuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis? gamoTqmulia
mosazreba, rom `konkretul~ SemTxvevaSi es Sefaseba mien-
54 55
dos procesis mwarmoebel organos, Tanamdebobis pirs~.1
migvaCnia, aseT zogad, lozungis magvar ganacxads: `saqmis
gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba~, bundovanebis,
orWofobis, marCielobis meti araferi Seaqvs normaSi,
amitom is, saerTod amoRebuli unda iyos normidan. kanon-
mdebelma Tavi unda aaridos aseTi zogadi frazebis nor-
maSi gamoyenebas.
kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas mikuTvnebu-
li danaSaulebi gvxvdeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis, rogorc adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTul dana-
SaulTa karSi, aseve ekonomikuri danaSaulis karSi.
adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa karSi,
kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas daqvemdebarebul
danaSaulTa ricxvSi moiazreba: a) sqesobrivi Tavisufleb-
isa da xelSeuxeblobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zogierTi
danaSaulebi. esenia: gaupatiureba (saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxlis pirveli nawili); seq-
sualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba (saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 138-e muxlis pirveli nawili);
sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari mo-
qmedebis iZuleba (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-
sis 139-e muxli). CamoTvlil danaSaulTa sferoSi
dazaralebulis saCivris aucilebloba ganpirobebulia xe-
lyofis obieqtis TaviseburebiT. saqme imaSia, rom pirovne-
bis sqesobrivi Tavisufleba da xelSeuxebloba metad in-
timuri sferoa da masSi saxelmwifo, rom Caerios dazarale-
bulis neba unda iyos gamovlenili. dazaralebulis aseTi
nebis gamovlenad iTvleba momxdari faqtis Sesaxeb, misi
saCivriT mimarTva kompetenturi Tanamdebobis pirisadmi,
1 z. meiSvili, o. jorbenaZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis komentarebi, Tb., 2007 w., gv. 90.
saxelmwifo organosadmi. saCivriT mimarTva Tanxmobasac
niSnavs da imasac, rom dazaralebulma aitanos yvela is
uaryofiTi gancda (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Cvenebis micema
momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Sexvedra misTvis arasasur-
vel pirovnebasTan, sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertiza da
a.S.), rac mohyveba saxelmwifos mxridan mis intimur sfe-
oSi Carevas.
b) adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisufle-
bebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zogierTi danaSaulebi. esenia:
sityvis Tavisuflebis xelyofa (saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-
marTlis kodeqsis 153-e muxli); piradi an ojaxuri said-
umlos xelyofa (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
157-e muxli); informaciis gacnobaze uaris Tqma an aras-
wori informaciis wardgena (saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis 167-e muxli).1 ramdenadac CamoTvlili
danaSaulebi xelyofen konkretuli adamianis konstituci-
ur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis dawyebis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba
unda miiRos uSualod im pirovnebam, visac aseTi ziani
miadga. Tu pirovnebam saCivriT ar mimarTa samarTaldamcav
organoebs, maT gauWirdebaT imis gadawyveta Tu visi ufle-
bebi, romeli uflebebi Tu Tavisuflebebi dairRva, vis mier
dairRva.
g) ojaxisa da arasrulwlovnis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
zogierTi danaSauli. magaliTad: Svilad ayvanis saidum-
1 kanonmdebels SeeZlo gaefarToebina adamianis konstituciuri uflebe-
bisa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa wre, romlebzedac
gavrceldeboda kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna (magaliTad, iseTi
danaSaulebiT, rogoricaa: adgilsamyofelis Tavisuflad arCevis uflebis xe-
lyofa (ssk-is 152-e muxli); piradi mimoweris, telefoniT saubris an sxvagvari
xerxiT Setyobinebis saidumloebis darRveva (ssk-is 159-e muxli); binis an sxva
mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva (ssk-is 160-e muxli) da a.S.
56 57
loebis gamJRavneba (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsis 175-e muxli). aRniSnuli danaSauli, ramdenadac xe-
lyofs mSoblisa da bavSvis uflebebsa da kanonier inter-
esebs, savaldebuloa iyos dazaralebulis saCivari, raTa
Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoebs gauadvildeT dazaralebu-
lis interesebis dacva.
rac Seexeba ekonomikuri danaSaulis karSi moqceul
danaSaulebs, kanonmdebelma iqidan kerZo-sajaro sisxlis-
samarTlebriv devnas miakuTvna: saavtoro, momijnave ufleb-
is mflobelisa da monacemTa bazis damamzadeblis uflebis
xelyofa (gaTvaliswinebuli saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis 189-e muxliT) da samrewvelo sakuTrebis
uflebis xelyofa (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1891-e
muxli). Tu vixelmZRvanelebT saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kanonmdeblobiT, orive danaSaulis arsebobis SemTx-
vevaSi xelyofilia konkretuli pirovnebis saavtoro-
SemoqmedebiTi ufleba. daculi, rom iqnes piris saavtoro
uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi, TviTon pirovnebas unda
miaCndes, rom dairRva misi saavtoro _ SemoqmedebiTi
uflebebi, da Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoSi saCivris
SetaniT unda iTxovdes uflebebSi aRdgenas, kanonieri in-
teresebis dacvas. amitom kanonmdeblis nebis gamoxatva,
CamoTvlili danaSaulebi iyos kerZo-sajaro sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi devnis sfero logikuria.
d) kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. kerZo sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis Tavisebureba imaSi gamoixateba, rom
misi dawyebac da Sewyvetac damokidebulia mxolod
dazaralebulis nebis gamovlenaze, e.i. wina planzea wamoweu-
li kerZo interesebi. swored dazaralebuli gvevlineba
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganmaxorcielebel subieqtad,
kerZo bralmdeblad.
kerZo sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas mTeli rigi speci-
fikuri niSnebi axasiaTebs: a) igi iwyeba mxolod da mxolod
dazaralebulis saCivris safuZvelze; b) dasaSvebia
dazaralebulis braldebulTan Serigeba; g) Serigeba unda
moxdes mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos, aq igulisxmeba saapel-
acio da sakasacio instanciac) saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde;
d) mxareebi Serigebis SemTxvevaSi unda morigdnen sasa-
marTlo xarxjebis anazRaurebazec, Tu isini amis Taobaze
ver morigdebian, maSin maT sasamarTlo gadaunawilebs xar-
jebs; e) dazaralebulis braldebulTan (gansasjelTan)
Serigeba ar daiSveba Tu kerZo braldebis saqmeSi Caeba
prokurori; v) prokurori uflebamosilia Caebas kerZo
braldebis saqmeSi Tu: 1) amas werilobiT iTxoven mxa-
reebi; 2) amas werilobiT iTxovs mxolod dazaralebuli
an misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli; 3) saqmes gansakuTrebu-
li sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs; 4) amas moiTxovs
saxelmwifo interesebi; 5) amas moiTxovs sazogadoebrivi
i n t e r e s e b i ;
6) amas moiTxovs moqalaqeebis uflebebis dacva; z) kerZo
braldebis saqmeze mxareebs ufleba aqvT erTmaneTs war-
udginon braldebebi da Tuki safuZveli iqneba mosamarTle
Tavisi dadgenilebiT dazaralebuls cnobs braldebuladac,
xolo braldebuls _ dazaralebuladac.
kanonmdebelma kerZo sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas dau-
qvemdebara ori saxis danaSauli: janmrTelobis ganzrax
msubuqi dazianeba (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsis 120-e muxli) da cema (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
125-e muxli).
kerZo braldebis sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba bevr rame-
Si emsgavseba samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebas. Tu sajaro
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros davis erT-erTi mxare
58 59
yovelTvis saxelmwifoa, da icavs sajaro interesebs,
kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros orive mxare
Tanasworobis sawyisze icavs mxolod Tavis sakuTar in-
teresebs. kerZo bralmdebeli ar flobs saxelmwifo ad-
ministrirebas, ara aqvs ufleba Caataros sagamoZiebo moq-
medebebi, mimarTos sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv
iZulebas. marTalia, prokuroris kerZo braldebis saqmeSi
CabmiT irRveva kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis arsi
(amasTan dakavSirebiT srulyofas saWiroeben da Sinaarso-
briv Sesabamisobasac (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs kerZo bralde-
bis saqmeSi prokuroris Cabmis safuZvlebi) saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 27-e da 634-e
muxlebi), magram prioritetad mainc kerZo interesi unda
darCes.
kerZo braldebis saqmeebze miiRos gadawyvetileba, aseT
uflebamosil subieqtad gvevlineba mxolod sasamarTlo.
dazaralebulma saCivari werilobiTi formiT da xelmow-
eriT unda Seitanos danaSaulis adgilis mixedviT raionul
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi. saCivarSi dazaralebuli unda
aRwerdes danaSaulis faqts, mohyavdes cnobebi danaSaulis
Camdeni pirisa da danaSaulis Sesaxeb, gadmoscemdes mt-
kicebulebaTa CamonaTvalsa da Txovnas, rom mosamarTlem
ganixilos saqme. Tu mosamarTle saqmes miiRebs warmoebaSi,
braldebis mtkicebis tvirTi awevs dazaralebuls anu
kerZo bralmdebels. dazaralebuls ufleba aqvs hyavdes
advokati, romelic sasamarTlo procesSi monawileobas
miiRebs, rogorc misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli. dazarale-
buls, mis kanonier warmomadgenels (kerZo braldebis mx-
are), iseve, rogorc gansasjels ufleba aqvT sakuTari
interesebis dacvis mizniT, mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos)
winaSe dasvan Suamdgomlobebi mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis
mizniT. sasamarTlom mxareebs unda Seuqmnas Tanaswori
pirobebi paeqrobisaTvis, man obieqturad da miukerZoeblad
unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos, rogorc kerZo bralmde-
blis, ise gansasjelis mier aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi.
sasurveli iqneba, Tu kerZo braldebis saqmeTa gadawyvetis
dros mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) modave mxareebs Soris
arsebul davas morigebiT daasrulebs da amiT, SeunarCu-
nebs maT keTil-adamianur ganwyobas urTierTis misamar-
TiT.
SevexeT ra, mokled, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Ti-
Toeul saxes, maTi arsidan gamomdinare migvaCnia, rom
gamarTleba eqneba Tuki sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdeblobaSi damkvidrdeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
ori saxe: sajaro da kerZo. es ori saxe srulyofilad
xsnis sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis bunebas.
3) dacvis funqcia.dacvis funqcia. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18
muxlis mixedviT adamianis Tavisufleba xelSeuvalia. ara-
vis ara aqvs imis ufleba adamians aRukveTos Tavisufleba
an sxvagvarad SeuzRudos piradi Tavisufleba sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebis an kanoniT gansazRvruli SemTxvevebis
gareSe. magram, Tu moxda aRniSnuli wesebis dacviT piris
dakaveba an dapatimreba, mas unda ganemartos dakavebis an
dapatimrebisTanave Tavisuflebis SezRudvis safuZveli da
misi uflebebi, maT Soris ufleba moiTxovos damcvelis
daxmareba, romelic unda dakmayofildes. e.i. SeiZleba iTq-
vas, rogorc ki moxdeba piris dakaveba eWvmitanilis saxiT
(an dadgenilebiT iqneba cnobili eWvmitanilad) an pirs
waredgineba braldeba, mas ufleba aqvs daicvas Tavi arse-
buli eWvisagan an wardgenili braldebisagan yvela kanon-
ieri saSualebiTa da meTodiT, an uSualod TviTon an
mowveuli damcvelis meSveobiT. zemoT mocemuli ganmarte-
60 61
bebidan imis Tqma gvinda, rom konkretuli piris mimarT
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyeba avtomaturad warmo-
Sobs dacvis meqanizms. Tu ar aris konkretuli piris mimarT
eWvi an braldeba, ar arsebobs sakuTari uflebebisa da
kanonieri interesebis dacvis moTxovnac, xolo, Tu gaCnda
safuZveli eWvisaTvis, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli an
waredgina pirs braldeba, dauyovnebliv aRmocendeba dacvis
aucileblobac. dacva Tanmdevia konkretuli piris mimarT
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisa. dacva aris
swored is saproceso funqcia, romlis meSveobiTac eWvmi-
tanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli, msjavrdebuli uflebam-
osilni arian realizacia gaukeTon kanoniT miniWebul
dacvis uflebas.
dacva, rogorc saproceso funqcia, upirveles yovlisa
gulisxmobs TviTon eWvmitanilis, braldebulis (gansasje-
lis) aqtiur moqmedebas sakuTari uflebebisa da kanonieri
interesebis dasacavad. am aqtiurobaSi unda vigulisxmoT
kanonmdeblis mier miniWebuli saproceso uflebebis efeq-
turad gamoyeneba. ase magaliTad, dumilis uflebis Senar-
Cuneba, riTac faqtobrivad piri uaryofs kanonsawinaaRmdego
qmedebaSi monawileobas; an gnebavT Cvenebis micema, riTac
piri uaryofs Semxeblobas momxdar faqtTan mimarTebaSi an
mohyavs garemoebebi, romliTac cdilobs gaabaTilos mis
mimarT arsebuli eWvi an wardgenili braldeba; mtkiceb-
ulebebis warmodgena eWvis, braldebis gasaqarwyleblad,
gnebavT samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad;
Suamdgomlobis gancxadeba ama Tu im sagamoZiebo moqmede-
bis Casatareblad da a.S. es yvelaferi xom eWvmitanilis,
braldebulis (gansasjelis) uflebebis, kanonieri inter-
esebis dacvas emsaxureba.
maRali samarTlebrivi doniT gamoirCeva eWvmitanilis,
braldebulis (gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis) uflebebis,
kanonieri interesebis dasacavad damcvelis monawileoba
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. damcveli sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi SeiZleba Caebas SeTanxmebiT, daniSvniT an savalde-
bulo wesiT.1 sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba
damcvels aRWuravs farTo uflebamosilebiT. igi uflebam-
osilia Sekribos dacvisaTvis saWiro monacemebi da isini
mtkicebulebaTa saxiT warudginos procesis mwarmoebel
organos; monawileoba miiRos eWvmitanilisa Tu braldebulis
monawileobiT an dacvis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul saga-
moZiebo moqmedebaSi, dausvas SekiTxvebi dasakiTxs, moiTxovos
oqmSi im monacemebis Setana, romlebic uaryofs braldebas
an amsubuqebs eWvmitanilisa Tu braldebulis (gansasjelis)
pasuxismgeblobas da sxva. e.i. yvela kanonieri saSualeba da
xerxi unda gamoiyenos im garemoebebis gamosavlenad, romlebic
amarTleben eWvmitanils an braldebuls (gansasjels,
msjavrdebuls), anda amsubuqeben mis pasuxismgeblobas, da
unda gauwios mas saWiro iuridiuli daxmareba.
amgvarad, dacva gulisxmobs TviTon eWvmitanilis an
braldebulis (gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis) da misi dam-
cvelis erTobliv saqmianobas.
maSasadame, dacva sisxlis samarTlis procesSi _ esaa dacva sisxlis samarTlis procesSi _ esaa
im saproceso moqmedebaTa erToblioba, romelic mimarTulia im saproceso moqmedebaTa erToblioba, romelic mimarTulia
imisaken, rom kanonieri saSualebisa da xerxis gamoyenebiT imisaken, rom kanonieri saSualebisa da xerxis gamoyenebiT
gamovlenil iqnes eWvmitanilis an braldebulis (gansasje-gamovlenil iqnes eWvmitanilis an braldebulis (gansasje-
lis, msjavrdebulis), rogorc gamamarTlebeli, ise pasux-lis, msjavrdebulis), rogorc gamamarTlebeli, ise pasux-
ismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoebani.ismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoebani.
4) sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxil-4) sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxil-
1 saqarTvelos sssk-is 81-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebulia dacvis erT-erT
saxed `iZulebiTi dacva~, ufro swori da Sinaarsobrivad gamarTuli iqneba
mas ewodos `savaldebulo dacva~.
62 63
visa da gadawyvetis funqcia.visa da gadawyvetis funqcia. saqarTveloSi mimdinare
demokratiuli procesebis monapovaria is, rom dRes, sisx-
lis samarTlis procesi SejibrebiTia. gamijnulia urTier-
Tisagan braldebis, dacvisa da sasamarTloSi sisxlis sa-braldebis, dacvisa da sasamarTloSi sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqciamarTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqcia. bral-
debisa da dacvis funqciaTa bunebis yvelaze ufro sru-
lyofili gamovlena gvxvdeba sasamarTloSi sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeTa ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis dros. sadac
braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs sruli Tanasworobis sa-
fuZvelze ufleba aqvT warmoadginon mtkicebulebani,
monawileoba miiRon maT gamokvlevaSi, ganacxadon Suamdgom-
loba da acileba, gamoTqvan sakuTari azri sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis nebismier sakiTxze.
SejibrebiTobis principze agebuli mxareTa paeqroba
sajaroa, uSualo, zepiri, braldebis mxare Sekrebili mt-
kicebulebebiT sajarod cdilobs gansasjelis braleulo-
bis damtkicebas, xolo dacvis mxare (gansasjeli), aseve
sajarod cdilobs daicvas Tavi braldebisagan.
mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) mxareebs Tanaswor pirobebs
uqmnis mtkicebulebaTa warmosadgenad, qmnis safuZvels
saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da srulyo-
fili gamokvlevisaTvis. erTnairi gulmodginebiT arkvevs
gansasjelis rogorc mamxilebel, ise gamamarTlebel,
agreTve pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel da Semamsubuqebel
garemoebebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mosamarTle (sasamarTlo)
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze
Sekrebil mtkicebulebebs ki ar emyareba, aramed uSualod
axdens pirvelwyarodan mtkicebulebaTa miRebas, gamokvl-
evas da Sefasebas. mtkicebulebaTa aseTi safuZvliani Ses-
wavliTa da SefasebiT mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) unda
SeinarCunos obieqturoba, miukerZoebloba, damoukideblo-
ba da gamoitanos kanonieri, dasabuTebuli da samarTliani
ganaCeni.
amdenad, gamoZiebis, braldebis, dacvisa da sasamarT-gamoZiebis, braldebis, dacvisa da sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqciaTa Sexamebam loSi saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqciaTa Sexamebam
unda uzrunvelyos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmarite-
bis dadgena, danaSaulis Camdeni piris msjavrdeba, ar-
abraleuli piris dacva dausabuTebeli braldebisagan.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis
saproceso funqcia ekuTvnis mxolod sasamarTlos. igi aris
uflebamosili arsebiTad ganixilos da gadawyvitos saqme
da gamoitanos gamamtyunebeli an gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebs ganixilavs pirveli instanciis wesiT. q. Tbili-
sisa da q. quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTloebis sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa palatebi ki ganixilaven saapelacio
saCivars, Setanils raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gan-
aCensa da sxva Semajamebel sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaze.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa palata ganixilavs sakasacio saCivars, Setanils
saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gamotanil ganaCenze, ganCine-
basa da sxva Semajamebel sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaze.
agreTve ganixilavs saCivrebsa da wardginebebs sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebze saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis
mier gamotanili da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis,
ganCinebisa da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileb-
is gadasinjvis Sesaxeb axlad aRmoCenil da axlad gamov-
lenil garemoebaTa gamo.
sasamarTlo instanciebSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
ganxilva da gadawyveta warmoebs erTpirovnulad an kole-
giurad. marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis dros mosamarTle
damoukidebelia, igi xelmZRvanelobs mxolod kanoniT da
64 65
Sinagani rwmeniT. aravis ara aqvs ufleba zegavlena moax-
dinos mosamarTleze da miuTiTos, rogor gadawyvitos
gansaxilveli saqme.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom: sasamarTloSi sasamarTloSi
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta, rogorc
saproceso funqcia gulisxmobs braldebisa da dacvis mxaris saproceso funqcia gulisxmobs braldebisa da dacvis mxaris
mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa uSualo gamokvlevasa da mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa uSualo gamokvlevasa da
Sefasebas, da amis safuZvelze gansasjelis braleulobisa Sefasebas, da amis safuZvelze gansasjelis braleulobisa
da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebas.da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebas.
$6. sisxlis samarTlis procesis $6. sisxlis samarTlis procesis
stadiebistadiebi
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba metad rTulia da
garkveul kanonzomierebas eqvemdebareba. igi moqceulia
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis CarCoebSi da mis
farglebSi moZraobs. saqarTvelos moqmed sisxlis samar-
Tlis saproceso kodeqss Tu davefuZnebiT, sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis moZraoba, winsvla, pirobiTad ramdenime
safexurad anu stadiad SeiZleba davyoT. es safexurebia,
stadiebia: winaswari gamoZieba; pirveli instanciis sasa-
marTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva; saapelacio
sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva; sakasa-
cio instanciis sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
ganxilva; ganaCenisa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis
gadasinjva axlad aRmoCenil da axlad gamovlenil gare-
moebaTa gamo; sasamarTlos ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da dadge-
nilebis aRsasruleblad miqceva. TiToeuli safexurisaTvis,
stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia procesis monawileTa
garkveuli wre, Sesabamisi saproceso uflebebiTa da mova-
leobebiT; gansazRvruli saproceso moqmedebebi; gadasaw-
yveti amocanebi; safexuris, stadiis dasruleba Semajamebeli
saproceso dokumentiT.
TiToeuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobas aRniS-
nuli safexurebis, stadiebis mixedviT, gamarTleba moeZeb-
neba. ramdenadac saboloo jamSi emsaxureba imas, rom dacul
iqnes TiToeuli moqalaqis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi da
ar moxdes arabraleuli piris msjavrdeba. stadiaTa aseTi
arseboba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, qmnis Tavisebur
garantias imisa, rom ar dairRves procesis monawileTa
kanoniT miniWebuli uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi, kanonieri
interesebi da Tuki aseTi ram moxda romelime stadiaze,
igi aucileblad gamovlindeba mis momdevno, Semdeg stadi-
aze da daeqvemdebareba gamosworebas. ase, rom aRniSnuli
stadiebi, erTmaneTs mxolod maSin Caenacvlebian, rodesac
gadaWrian konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze maT winaSe
mdgar amocanebs, xolo momdevno stadia mis winaSe mdgari
amocanebiT Tavis mxriv makontrolebeli etapicaa winamde-
bare stadiisa da safuZvelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
warmoebam gadainacvlos momdevno stadiaze. stadiaTa aseTi
Tanmimdevroba da maTi urTierTkavSiri gvaZlevs sisxlis
samarTlis procesis sistemas.
davaxasiaToT mokled (vrclad saubari iqneba wignis
Sesabamis TavebSi) TiToeuli safexuri, stadia.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis pirveli stadiaa _ wi-sisxlis samarTlis procesis pirveli stadiaa _ wi-
naswari gamoZieba.naswari gamoZieba. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, rogorc ki
miiReben informacias danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb TavianTi
kompetenciis farglebSi valdebulni arian daiwyon winas-
wari gamoZieba. gamomZiebeli dauyovnebliv acnobebs proku-
rors winaswari gamoZiebis dawyebis Taobaze. winaswari
gamoZiebis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom momxdar faqtTan
66 67
dakavSirebiT yvela faqtobrivi garemoebani iqnes obieq-
turad, yovelmxriv da srulyofilad gamoZiebuli, Seswav-
lili. Catarebuli iqnes yvela aucilebeli sagamoZiebo
moqmedeba, raTa saqmeSi moipovon sruli moculobiT saWiro
mtkicebulebebi. gamovlenil iqnes braldebulis, rogorc
mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli garemoebani. mas Semdeg
rac gamomZiebeli miiCnevs, rom momxdar faqtTan dakavSire-
biT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze daadgina yvela garemoeba
(gaTvaliswinebuli sssk-is 112-e muxliT), sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmes sabraldebo daskvnis Sesadgenad dauyovnebliv
ugzavnis prokurors. sabraldebo daskvna aris winaswari
gamoZiebis erT-erTi saxis Semajamebeli saproceso doku-
menti da safuZveli imisa, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqme
arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis gadaegzavnos sasamarTlos gansja-
dobis mixedviT.
Semdegi stadia aris _ pirveli instanciis sasamarT-Semdegi stadia aris _ pirveli instanciis sasamarT-
loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva.loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva. pirveli in-
stanciis wesiT saqmes ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlo. am stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta xdeba
arsebiTad, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom sasamarTlo (mosa-
marTle) mxareebs uqmnis Tanabar SesaZleblobebs daubrkole-
bliv warmoadginon da gamoikvlion mtkicebulebebi. ganax-
orcielon sakuTari funqciebi, daicvan sakuTari pozicie-
bi. e.i. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarT-
loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva mimdinareobs
SejibrebiTobis pirobebSi, braldebis, dacvisa da saqmis
gadawyvetis funqciebis gamijvnis safuZvelze. mocemuli
stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom braldebis da dacvis
mxareebi Tavad uzrunvelyofen sasamarTlo sxdomaze mt-
kicebulebaTa warmodgenas da iReben aqtiur monawileobas
TiToeulis mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa gamokvl-
evaSi. xolo sasamarTlo mtkicebulebaTa uSualo gamokv-
levisa da mxareTa paeqrobis safuZvelze iqmnis Sinagan
rwmenas da kanonis uzenaesobisa da Sinagani rwmenis safuZ-
velze gadawyvets saqmes. gamoitans kanonier, dasabuTebul
da samarTlian ganaCens, romelic SeiZleba iyos gamamtyune-
beli an gamamarTlebeli. e.i. es stadia mTavrdeba iseTi
saproceso dokumentis SedgeniT, rogoricaa ganaCeni.
rac Seexeba, saapelacio sasamarTloSi sisxlis samar-saapelacio sasamarTloSi sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis ganxilvis stadiasTlis saqmis ganxilvis stadias, igi gulisxmobs saapelacio
wesiT gasaCivrebuli raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
ganaCenisa Tu sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis dasabuTe-
bulobis an/da kanonierebis Semowmebas. saapelacio in-
stanciis sasamarTlo valdebulia ganixilos sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqme da Caataros axali sasamarTlo gamoZieba.
saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa pal-
ata saapelacio wesiT ganixilavs ra sisxlis samarTlis
saqmes xelaxla gamoaqvs ganaCeni. axali ganaCeniT igi ufle-
bamosilia gaauqmos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gamam-
tyunebeli ganaCeni da mis nacvlad daadginos gamamarTle-
beli ganaCeni, aseve ufleba aqvs, gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis
nacvlad daadginos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni, e.i. daamZimos
msjavrdebulis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba. SeuZlia ucv-
lelad datovos raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gan-
aCeni an cvlilebebi Seitanos masSi. e.i. sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis saapelacio wesiT ganxilva sruldeba ganaCenis
dadgeniT.
sakasacio wesiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs sakasacio wesiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa palata.saqmeTa palata. sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrdeba saapelacio
sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis mier
68 69
gamotanili ganaCeni, ganCineba da sxva sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetileba, romelic kasatoris azriT ukanonoa. magram aqve,
unda gvaxsovdes, rom saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palataSi sakasacio saCivari
daiSveba da sisxlis samarTlis saqme daeqvemdebareba ganx-
ilvas, Tu: a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebi-
sa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaT-
vis; b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gansx-
vavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan; g) saapelacio
sasamarTlos mier saqme ganxilulia mniSvnelovani samarT-
lebrivi an saproceso darRveviT, romelsac SeeZlo arse-
biTad emoqmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze. CamoTvlil pi-
robaTagan romelimes Tu ar akmayofilebs saCivari, igi
daSvebuli ar iqneba da saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata sakasacio saCivars ar
ganixilavs. magram, Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlom
dauSva sakasacio saCivari da moxda sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis ganxilva ar unda damZimdes msjavrdebulis sapro-
ceso mdgomareoba. msjavrdebulis mdgomareobis gauarese-
bis motiviT sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo uflebam-
osilia gaauqmos sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da sisxlis
samarTlis saqme daabrunos xelaxali sasamarTlo ganxil-
visaTvis mxolod maSin, rodesac prokurorma, dazarale-
bulma, braldebis mxaris sxva warmomadgenelma _ sakasacio
saCivari Seitana swored msjavrdebulis samarTlebrivi
mdgomareobis gauaresebis motiviT, aseTive pozicia ekavaT
maT pirveli da saapelacio instanciebis sasamarTloebSi;
TavianT saCivars mxari dauWires uzenaesi sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis sasamarTlo sxdo-
mazec.
sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis ganxilvas asrulebs ganCinebis saproceso dokumentis
SedgeniT. igi ganCinebiT iRebs romelime Semdeg gadawyvetile-
bas: ucvlelad tovebs ganaCens an ganCinebas, xolo saCivars
ki daukmayofileblad; auqmebs ganaCens da wyvets saqmes;
cvlis ganaCens msjavrdebulis sasikeTod; auqmebs ganaCens
da saqmes gzavnis axali sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-erT stadias miekuT-erT-erT stadias miekuT-
vneba _ ganaCenisa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis vneba _ ganaCenisa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis
gadasinjva axlad aRmoCenil da axlad gamovlenil gare-gadasinjva axlad aRmoCenil da axlad gamovlenil gare-
moebaTa gamo.moebaTa gamo. aRniSnuli wesiT saqarTvelos saerTo sasa-
marTloebis mier gamotanil da kanonier ZalaSi Sesul
ganaCenebsa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebze gadasin-
jvas axorcielebs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata, Tu iarsebebs axlad
aRmoCenili faqtobrivi garemoebani da axlad gamovlenili
samarTlebrivi garemoebani. ganCinebis saproceso dokumentis
SedgeniT sruldeba saCivris ganxilva.
saproceso stadia _ sasamarTlos ganaCenis, ganCinebisa saproceso stadia _ sasamarTlos ganaCenis, ganCinebisa
da dadgenilebis aRsasruleblad miqceva,da dadgenilebis aRsasruleblad miqceva, gulisxmobs imas,
rom sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba Sesruldes
(aRsruldes). saerTod unda iTqvas, rom yvela instanciis
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi Sedis da
aRsasruleblad mieqceva miRebisTanave. gadawyvetilebis
gasaCivreba ar aCerebs mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlasa da
aRsrulebas. ganaCenis, ganCinebis an dadgenilebis aRsas-
ruleblad miqceva evaleba im sasamarTlos (mosamarTles),
romelmac gamoitana gadawyvetileba. sasamarTlo (mosa-
marTle) ganaCenis, ganCinebis, dadgenilebis aRmsrulebel
organos sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aslebTan erTad,
ugzavnis gankargulebas sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aR-
70 71
srulebis Sesaxeb.
Tu msjavrdebuls sasjelad daeniSna Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa, igi aRsasruleblad unda mieqces sasjel-aR-
srulebiT organoSi, xolo sasamarTlom Tu gamoitana
gansasjelis misamarTiT gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni an iseTi
ganaCeni, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli Tavisuflebis
aRkveTasTan, igi unda aRsruldes ganaCenis gamocxadebisTa-
nave sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebis misamarTiT ze-
moT xsenebuli midgoma ar aris erTaderTi. anglosaqsonuri
samarTlis sistemis umravles qveynebSi sisxlis samarTlis
procesis Semdeg stadiebs gamoyofen: winasasamarTlo war-
moeba; sasamarTloSi saqmis winaswari ganxilva; sasamarTlo
ganxilva; saapelacio warmoeba da ganaCenis aRsruleba.
zogierT saxelmZRvaneloSi, romelic gankuTvnilia
amerikis iuridiuli saswavleblebisaTvis gadmocemulia
sisxlis samarTlis procesis 17 dasaxelebis stadia: 1)
danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba da misi
registracia; 2) gamoZieba dapatimrebamde; 3) dapatimreba;
4) dapatimrebis gaformeba; 5) dapatimrebis Semdeg monace-
mebis Sekreba; 6) braldebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRe-
ba; 7) saqmis sasamarTloSi wardgena; 8) sasamarTloSi
braldebulis pirveli gamocxadeba; 9) sasamarTloSi saqmis
winaswari mosmena; 10) nafic msajulTa didi Jiuris mier
saqmis Semowmeba; 11) sasamarTloSi sabraldebo aqtis an
danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb informaciis registracia; 12)
braldebulis azris gamovlena (gageba) sabraldebo aqtis
an danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb informaciis Taobaze; 13)
Suamdgomlobebis wardgena sasamarTlo ganxilvis dawyebamde;
14) saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva wardgenili braldebis farg-
lebSi; 15) sasjelis zomis gansazRvra; 16) gasaCivreba
(apelacia); 17) sasamarTlos mier sakiTxTa ganxilva ganaCenis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. CamoTvlili stadiebis
gavla ar aris savaldebulo yvela kategoriis danaSau-
lisaTvis. ase magaliTad, naklebad mZime kategoriis dana-
Sauli ganixileba Sekvecili wesiT, ar aris savaldebulo
zemoT xsenebuli yvela stadiis gavla. garda amisa, gansa-
kuTrebiT mZime kategoriis danaSaulebze saqmis warmoebis
dros zogierTi stadia fakultaturi xasiaTis matarebelia
(maT sisxlis samarTlis saqme maSin gaivlis Tu Suamdgom-
loba iqna gancxadebuli romelime mxaris mier).
stadiebis gadmocemiT movaxdineT ra, sisxlis samarTlis
procesis erTiani sistemis warmoCena, mizanSewonilad mig-
vaCnia, aqve SevexoT saxelmZRvaneloebSi gadmocemul sisx-
lis samarTlis procesis kursis sistemis or, zogad da
kerZo nawilad dayofasac.
zogad nawilszogad nawils miakuTvneben im sakiTxebs, romelic saer-
Toa sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela stadiisaTvis. am
sakiTxTa rigs miakuTvneben: sisxlis samarTlis procesis
arsi, amocanebi; sisxlis samarTlis procesis kanonmde-
bloba; sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi; sisxlis
samarTlis procesis monawileni; mtkicebulebani da mt-
kiceba; sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi iZuleba; zogadi
nawilis sxva debulebani.
kerZo nawilskerZo nawils ki miakuTvneben Semdeg sakiTxebs: winaswari
gamoZiebis warmoebis zogadi debulebani; sagamoZiebo moq-
medebaTa Catarebis saproceso wesi; winaswari gamoZiebis
damTavreba da Sewyveta, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Se-
Cereba da Sewyveta; sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi; saqmis ganxilva saapel-
acio wesiT; saqmis ganxilva sakasacio wesiT; ganaCenisa da
sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gadasinjva axlad aRmo-
72 73
Cenil da axlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo; ganaCenis
aRsruleba; calkeuli kategoriis sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa warmoebis Taviseburebani.
sakiTxTa aseTi TanmimdevrobiT gadmocema da aTviseba,
aadvilebs siRrmiseul wvdomas sisxlis samarTlis proce-
sis calkeul institutebSi.
Tavi IITavi II
sisxlis saproceso samarTali da misi wyaroebi
$1. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba$1. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba
sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsis Sesaxeb naSromis
wina TavSi iyo saubari. amJamad yuradReba gvinda gavamax-
viloT sisxlis saproceso samarTlis bunebaze. es ori
cneba erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli, urTierTs
ganapirobeben. aseTi mWidro kavSiris gamo, xSirad maT
aigiveben, identur cnebebadac ki miiCneven, magram unda
iTqvas, rom miuxedavad maT Soris didi kavSirisa, mainc
arsebobs gansxvaveba. es gansxvaveba naTeli, rom gaxdes
kidev erTxel gavixsenoT, ra aris sisxlis samarTlis
procesi. SeniSnuli iyo, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi,
upirveles yovlisa, TviTon sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
moZraobaa, am moZraobaSi igulisxmeba gamomZieblis, proku-
roris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlosa da sisxlis samarTal-
warmoebis sxva monawileTa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanoniT gansazRvruli saqmianoba.
rac Seexeba sisxlis saproceso samarTals _ igi aris sisxlis saproceso samarTals _ igi aris
samarTlis damoukidebeli dargi, saproceso normebis er-samarTlis damoukidebeli dargi, saproceso normebis er-
Toblioba, romelic adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis sa-Toblioba, romelic adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis monawileTa uflebebsa da movaleobebs, marTlis procesis monawileTa uflebebsa da movaleobebs,
da amave dros awesrigebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZ-da amave dros awesrigebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZ-
raobis Sedegad aRmocenebul urTierTobebs _ uSualod raobis Sedegad aRmocenebul urTierTobebs _ uSualod
procesis mwarmoebel pirebs Soris da procesis mwar-procesis mwarmoebel pirebs Soris da procesis mwar-
moebel pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs Soris, aseve moebel pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs Soris, aseve
TviT procesis sxva monawileebs Soris. e. i. sisxlis sap-TviT procesis sxva monawileebs Soris. e. i. sisxlis sap-
roceso samarTali procesis monawileTa saqmianobas (sisx-roceso samarTali procesis monawileTa saqmianobas (sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmis moZraobas) saproceso kanonis Car-lis samarTlis saqmis moZraobas) saproceso kanonis Car-
CoebSi aqcevs.CoebSi aqcevs.
zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cessa da sisxlis saproceso samarTals Soris gansxvaveba
SeiZleba mokled amdagvarad gamovxatoT: sisxlis samarT-
lis procesi aris procesis mwarmoebel pirTa da procesis
sxva monawileTa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT
gansazRvruli saqmianoba, xolo sisxlis saproceso samar-
Tali aris saproceso normebis erToblioba, romelic
awesrigebs procesis mwarmoebel pirTa da procesis sxva
monawileTa saqmianobas, da am saqmianobis procesSi aRmo-
cenebul urTierTobebs.
maSasadame, unda iTqvas, rom sisxlis saproceso samar-
Tali proceduruli samarTalia. Tavisi saproceso norme-
biT adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa
gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis wess. iZl-
eva calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis proce-
durul wess (ra wesebis dacviT moxdes SemTxvevis adgilis
daTvaliereba, dakiTxva, eqspertizis daniSvna, mtkicebule-
baTa wyaroebis aRmoCena da maTgan informaciis miReba da
sxva).
saproceso normebiTsaproceso normebiT _ procesis mwarmoebeli orga-
noebi, Tanamdebobis pirebi, procesis sxva monawileni aR-
74 75
Wurvili arian garkveuli uflebebiTa da movaleobebiT,
rac qmnis imis pirobebs, rom danaSauli iqnes gamoZiebuli
da gaxsnili. danaSaulis gamoZieba, gaxsna operatiulad
rom moxdes, saproceso normebi gansazRvraven procesis
mwarmoebel pirTa mxridan Casatarebeli moqmedebebis Tan-
mimdevrobasac (magaliTad, ra SemTxvevaSi iqnes piri eWvmi-
tanilad cnobili; ra SemTxvevaSi moxdeba piris dakaveba
eWvmitanilis saxiT; rodis waredginos pirs braldeba;
rodis gadaeces prokurors sisxlis samarTlis saqme sa-
braldebo daskvnis Sesadgenad da a.S. an/da sasamarTlo
gamoZiebis dros mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisa da gamokvlevis
Tanmimdevroba).
sisxlis saproceso samarTali marTalia farTo ufle-
bamosilebiT aRWuravs procesis mwarmoebel pirebs, aZlevs
SesaZleblobas Tuki safuZveli iqneba gamoiyenon saproceso
samarTlebrivi iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi, magram maT parale-
lurad SemoRebuli aqvs braldebulis, dazaralebulis,
procesis sxva monawileTa uflebebis garantiaTa sistemac.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis SejibrebiTi forma,
romelic gansazRvravs saproceso funqciebs da am funqcie-
bis matarebel subieqtebs, aRiarebs braldebulis uflebas
dacvaze, SejibrebiTobas da arabraleulobis prezumfcias,
sazogadoebisaTvis misaRebia. e.i. socialuri kuTxiTsocialuri kuTxiT mo-
wonebas imsaxurebs.
sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc samarTlis
dargi erT mTlian sistemas warmoadgens. mis sistemur
mTlianobas amyarebs is, rom misi yvela instituti Sinaar-
sobrivad erTmaneTTanaa dakavSirebuli da urTierTs gana-
pirobeben. am mTlianobaSi Tu gamoCnda xarvezixarvezi, saqarTvelos
sssk-is meSvide muxlis meoTxe nawili uSvebs sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebis Sesa-
Zleblobas xarvezis gamosasworeblad, Tu amiT ar ilax-
eba adamianis uflebebi.
anglosaqsonuri samarTlis sistemaSi Semavali qveyneb-
is kanonmdebloba saproceso saqmianobas detalurad ar
awesrigebs. mosamarTleebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmes gad-
awyveten saerTo konstituciur principebze da sasamarTlo
precedentze dayrdnobiT. kontinenturi samarTlis siste-
maSi Semavali qveynebis kanonmdeblobiT gamomZiebelTa da
mosamarTleTa saqmianoba detaluradaa kanoniT mowesrige-
buli.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis TiToeuli normis Si-
naarsi zustad miuTiTebs samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis
obieqtze, subieqtze an subieqtebze, visac igi exeba, normis
gamoyenebis pirobebze, im uflebebze da movaleobebze, rom-
lebic aRmoucendebaT samarTlebrivi urTierTobis
monawileebs.
saproceso norma aris ra samarTlis normis saxe, yvela
is niSani gaaCnia, rac damaxasiaTebelia saerTod samarTlis
normisaTvis. magram, saproceso normas Taviseburebanic
gaaCnia, rac imaSi vlindeba, rom igi awesrigebs sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis gamoZieba-ganxilvis dros gamomZieblis,
prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlos saqmianobas da im
urTierTobebs, romelic aRmocendeba saproceso saqmianobis
dros zemoT aRniSnul pirebsa da procesis mwarmoebel
pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs Soris.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normaSi, iseve, rogorc
saerTod samarTlis normaSi, bolo periodamde gamoyofdnen
Semdeg sam nawils: hipoTeza, dispozicia, sanqcia.hipoTeza, dispozicia, sanqcia.
hipoTezahipoTeza miuTiTebs, Tu ra pirobebis, ra garemoebaTa
dadgomisas unda iqnes gamoyenebuli esa Tu is norma. ase
magaliTad, saqarTvelos sssk-is 473-e muxlis pirveli
76 77
nawili SeniSnavs `Tu gansasjelma sasamarTlos (mosamar-
Tlis) winaSe Tavi damnaSaved cno da es aRiareba nebay-
oflobiTia, ar iwvevs mxareTa davasa da sasamarTlos eWvs,
sasamarTlo gamoZieba sasamarTlo ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT)
SeiZleba ar Catardes an Seikvecos~. am SemTxvevaSi hipoTezas hipoTezas
Seadgens normis is nawiliSeadgens normis is nawili, romelSic saubaria: ̀ gansasjel-
ma sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) winaSe Tavi damnaSaved cno
da es aRiareba nebayoflobiTia, ar iwvevs mxareTa davasa
da sasamarTlos eWvs~, ai, am aRniSnuli pirobebis SemTx-
vevaSi SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli dasaxelebuli norma,
romelic exeba sasamarTlo gamoZiebis arCatarebas an Sekve-
cas.
dispoziciadispozicia aris normis is nawili, romelSic aRwer-
ilia misi Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli qcevis wesi, e.i. miTiTe-
bulia imaze, Tu ra uflebebi da movaleobebi gauCndebaT am
normiT mowesrigebuli urTierTobis monawileebs hipoTeza-
Si aRniSnuli pirobebisa da garemoebebis dadgomis SemTx-
vevaSi. moviyvanoT magaliTisaTvis saqarTvelos sssk-is 70-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis Sinaarsi `dazaralebuli an misi
uflebamonacvle valdebulia gamocxaddes gamomZieblis,
prokuroris, sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT, gulaxdilad acnobos
yvelaferi, rac saqmesTan dakavSirebiT icis, da upasuxos
dasmul SekiTxvebs, ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT
misTvis cnobili garemoebebi~. aRniSnul magaliTSi dispozi-
cias warmoadgens dazaralebulis an misi uflebamonacvlis
valdebuleba _ gamocxaddes da gulaxdilad acnobos yve-
laferi, rac icis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT da upasuxos das-
mul SekiTxvebs; amasTanave ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakav-
SirebiT misTvis cnobili garemoebebi (normis Sinaarsinormis Sinaarsi).
rac Seexeba sanqciassanqcias, igi aris normis is nawili, romel-
Sic miTiTebulia, Tu ra Sedegi moyveba normis Seusrule-
blobas, dispoziciaSi aRniSnuli moTxovnis darRvevas, e.i.
sanqciaSi gamoxatulia is iZulebiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebani,
romliTac uzrunvelyofilia saproceso normis moTxovnaTa
Sesruleba. magaliTisaTvis davefuZnoT isev saqarTvelos
sssk-is 70-e muxlis meore da mesame nawilebs: `dazarale-
bulis arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi
igi SeiZleba iZulebiT moiyvanon~; `dazaralebuls cru Cve-
nebis micemisaTvis ekisreba pasuxismgebloba saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxlis Sesabamisad~.
(gamoxatulia iZulebiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebaiZulebiTi xasiaTis RonisZieba).
sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi saubroben ra sanqciis
iZulebiT xasiaTze. calke gamoyofen mis ufleba-aRdgeniT
mniSvnelobasac. mxedvelobaSia is garemoeba, rodesac dair-
Rva an SeizRuda procesis romelime monawilis uflebebi
da kanonis darRvevis es faqti gamosworebuli iqneba. ase
magaliTad, piris dakavebis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv ecnobeba
ra prokurors, igi uflebamosilia gaecnos sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis masalebs, dakiTxos dakavebuli, mousminos
gamomZiebels da Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna an/
da gamoZieba da gaaTavisuflos dakavebuli, Tuki gamovlin-
deba dakavebis arakanoniereba da dausabuTebloba. aseve,
gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotana, rac tolfasovania
braldebis uaryofisa da sxva.
yuradReba misaqcevia sanqciis iseTi Tvisebac, rogori-
caa aRmkveTi xasiaTis matarebloba. mxedvelobaSia is ga-
remoeba, rodesac pirs aRekveTeba garkveuli qceva, raTa
uzrunvelyofil iqnes saproceso moqmedebis Catareba.
magaliTad, mosamarTlis gankargulebiT wesrigis darRve-
visaTvis gansasjeli gaZevebul iqna sasamarTlo sxdomis
darbazidan, moiyvanes ra igi sasamarTlo sxdomis darba-
zSi ganaCenis, ganCinebis an dadgenilebis gamocxadebis dros,
78 79
man kvlav ganagrZo wesrigis darRveva. aseT SemTxvevaSi
gansasjeli isev iqneba gaZevebuli da saproceso gadaw-
yvetileba gamocxaddeba mis gareSe. xolo sasamarTlo
ganaCenis, ganCinebis Tu dadgenilebis asli, amis Semdeg mas
Cabardeba xelweriliT.
iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia sxvadasxva Sexed-
uleba samarTlis normis struqturisa da misi elementeb-
is Sesaxeb. amJamad gavrcelebulia mosazreba, rom samarTlis
norma Sedgeba ori nawilisaganori nawilisagan: 1) deskrifciuli nawilideskrifciuli nawili
anu is faqtobrivi urTierToba, romelic nebadarTulia,
akrZalulia an moTxovnilia da 2) normatiuli nawilinormatiuli nawili,
romelic ambobs, es faqtobrivi urTierToba akrZalulia,
nebadarTulia Tu moTxovnilia. calke gamoyofen samarTlis
normis struqturis or ZiriTad elementsor ZiriTad elements: 1) faqtobrivi faqtobrivi
Semadgenloba,Semadgenloba, romelic gansazRvravs iuridiuli Sedegis
winapirobebs da 2) iuridiuli Sedegi,iuridiuli Sedegi, romelic dgeba maSin,
rodesac saxezea normis faqtobrivi Semadgenloba.1
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso literaturaSi saubro-
ben imis Sesaxebac, rom saproceso normebi TavianTi moq-
medebis mixedviTac araerTgvarovania. ase magaliTad, zogi-
erTi normis Sinaarsi gavrcelebas hpovebs sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesis yvela stadiaze. maT ricxvs unda mivakuT-
vnoT sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi. zogi norma
ki moqmedebs winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze an mxolod
sasamarTloSi. zogic ki vrceldeba calkeul sagamoZiebo
moqmedebebze.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebi maTSi gamoxat-
uli moTxovnebis savaldebulo Zalis xasiaTis mixedviT
iyofian: imperatiul da dispoziciur normebad.imperatiul da dispoziciur normebad. sisxlis
1 g. xubua, samarTlis Teoria, Tb., 2004 w., gv. 52-57.
samarTlis saproceso normebis umravlesoba, swored rom
imperatiuli xasiaTisaa, ramdenadac awesebs procesis
monawileebisaTvis valdebulebas an savaldebulo qcevis
wess. xolo rodesac procesis monawileebs, magaliTad,
braldebuls, dazaralebuls saproceso norma aZlevs
SesaZleblobas isargeblos ama Tu im uflebiT (ganacxados
Suamdgomloba, Seitanos saCivari da a.S.), saproceso nor-
ma dispoziciuri xasiaTisaa.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normis struqturis
codna safuZvels qmnis Tavidan iqnes acilebuli Secdome-
bi normis Sefardebis procesSi.
$2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi $2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi
urTierTobaniurTierTobani
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis, rogorc samarTlis
dargis Seswavla ar SeiZleba dayvanil iqnes sisxlis sa-
marTlis saproceso normebis gazepirebamde. swavlebis
aseTi forma miiRebda formalur da dogmatur xasiaTs.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis normebis SeswavlasTan
erTad, Seswavlili unda iyos maTi moqmedebac, e.i. sapro-
ceso normebis realizacia saproceso samarTlebriv urT-
ierTobebSi.
magram, ra aris TviT sisxlis saproceso samarTlebri-
vi urTierTobis aRmocenebis safuZveli? sisxlis sapro-
ceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis aseT safuZvlad gvev-
lineba iuridiuli faqti,iuridiuli faqti, romelic rig SemTxvevebSi faq-
tobriv SemadgenlobasTanaa dakavSirebuli. ase magaliTad,
Tu winaswari gamoZiebis dasawyebad momxdari faqti _ da-
naSaulis niSnebis matarebeli, sakmarisi safuZvelia sap-
roceso samarTlebrivi urTierToba aRmocendes gamoZiebis
80 81
mwarmoebel pirsa (gamomZiebeli, prokurori) da mowmes
Soris; momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT, faqtobrivi garemoe-
bebis dasadgenad, romelic specialur codnas saWiroebs,
rom aRmocendes sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urT-
ierToba eqspertsa da gamomZiebels (prokurors) Soris
faqtobriv garemoebebTan (iuridiuli faqti) erTad unda
iyos samarTlebrivi safuZvelic _ dadgenileba (iuridiuli
faqti) eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb.
iuridiul faqtad da, maSasadame, sisxlis saproceso
samarTlebrivi urTierTobis warmoSobis safuZvlad Sei-
Zleba mogvevlinos, procesis monawilis moqmedebaprocesis monawilis moqmedeba. ase
magaliTad, damcvelis Suamdgomloba (moqmedeba) gamomZie-
blis winaSe, esa Tu is sagamoZiebo moqmedeba Catardes misi
monawileobiT, warmoSobs sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv
urTierTobas gamomZiebelTan, romelic valdebulia ganixi-
los Suamdgomloba da uaris SemTxvevaSi, uari daasabuTos.
aseve, msjavrdebulis saapelacio saCivari (moqmedeba) aval-
debulebs saapelacio sasamarTlos ganixilos igi da a.S.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis war-
moSobis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos, iseTi iuridiuli faqti,
rogoricaa viTarebaviTareba. magaliTad, Tu viTarebis Secvlis
Sedegad qmedeba aRar aris saSiSi.
nebismieri movlena, SemTxvevanebismieri movlena, SemTxveva SeiZleba gaxdes sisxlis
saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis warmoSobis safuZ-
veli. magaliTad, amnistia, warmoSobs saproceso samarT-
lebrivi urTierTobis subieqtisaTvis _ braldebulisaTvis
(gansasjelisaTvis) uflebas moiTxovos sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyveta, Tu mis
mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba moxvda amnis-
tiis aqtSi, xolo prokurori, mosamarTle (sasamarTlo)
valdebulni arian daakmayofilon braldebulis (gansasje-
lis) moTxovna.
SeiZleba iTqvas, gamomZieblis (prokuroris, mosamarT-
lis) nebismier dadgenilebasa da sasamarTlos nebismier
ganCinebas, romelic avaldebulebs procesis monawiles
Seasrulos garkveuli qmedeba (moqmedeba an umoqmedoba),
iuridiuli faqtis mniSvneloba aqvs da maSasadame, warmo-
Sobs sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv urTierTobebs
(magaliTad, winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze mowmis an
dazaralebulis iZulebiT moyvana mosamarTlis brZanebiT,
mosamarTlis brZaneba braldebulis binaSi Cxrekis Catare-
bis Sesaxeb da a.S.).
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierToba
mravalmxrivia, igi SeiZleba aRmocendes, rogorc uSualod
procesis mwarmoebel organoebsa da Tanamdebobis pirebs
Soris, ise procesis mwarmoebel pirebsa da procesis sxva
monawileebs Soris, romlebic Cabmulni arian sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesSi, aseve TviT procesis sxva monawileebs
Soris.
iseve, rogorc nebismieri samarTlebrivi urTierToba,
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobac Sedgeba:
subieqtebisagan, obieqtisagan, uflebisagan da movaleo-
bisagan.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis sub-sub-
ieqtebadieqtebad gvevlinebian erTis mxriv, saxelmwifo organoebi
da misi warmomadgenlebi, procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi
(gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle) da meores mxriv,
moqalaqe (romelic SeiZleba iyos: eWvmitanili, braldeb-
uli, msjavrdebuli, dazaralebuli, mowme, eqsperti, spe-
cialisti, Tarjimani da a.S.), procesis monawile.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis obieq-
tia yovelive is, risTvisac da ris gamoc warmoiSoba mo-
82 83
cemuli urTierToba, magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxvisas sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeze arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis
dasadgenad miRebuli Cveneba, dazaralebulis dakiTxva
saqmeze arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dasadgenad
miRebuli Cveneba da a.S.
rac Seexeba uflebebsauflebebsa da movaleobebsmovaleobebs sisxlis sapro-
ceso samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi, es aris gamomZieblis,
prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlos da yvela im piris
(dazaralebuli, braldebuli, mowme da a.S.) uflebebi da
movaleobebi, romlebic monawileoben konkretul sapro-
ceso samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis nebi-
smier monawiles aqvs uflebebi da akisria movaleobebi. ase
magaliTad, dazaralebuls aqvs ufleba ganacxados ac-
ileba, warmoadginos mtkicebulebani, gaasaCivros proku-
rorTan, saCivris uaryofis SemTxvevaSi _ zemdgom proku-
rorTan gamomZieblis da prokuroris moqmedeba da gadaw-
yvetileba, garkveul SemTxvevaSi _ sasamarTloSi, amave
dros valdebulia gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris,
sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT da gulaxdilad acnobos yve-
laferi, rac saqmesTan dakavSirebiT icis.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi
saxelmwifo organoebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi (gamomZie-
beli, prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) asruleben
kanoniT dakisrebul saxelmwifo movaleobas. es movaleobe-
bi, rom Seasrulon gamomZiebelma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem
_ kanonmdebeli maT aRWuravs uflebebiT, romelsac ganax-
orcieleben konkretul sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv
urTierTobaSi. ase magaliTad, saxelmwifo aZlevs SesaZle-
blobas gamomZiebels, prokurors, mosamarTles (sasamarT-
los), Tu arsebobs amis safuZvlebi, kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT, sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawilis (eWvmita-
nili, braldebuli) mimarT gamoiyenos sisxlis saproceso
samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZieba. magram sisxlis sapro-
ceso samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi braldebulis mimarT
iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamoyeneba, aris gamomZieblis, proku-
roris, mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) ufleba, da braldebuls
SeuZlia gaasaCivros procesis mwarmoebel pirTa moqmedeba,
amtkicos, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi maT ar hqondaT safuZ-
veli gamoeyenebinaT saproceso samarTlebrivi iZulebis
RonisZiebis konkretuli saxe (mag. dapatimreba). e.i. Sei-
Zleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv urT-
ierTobaSi moqalaqeebTan erTad monawile saxelmwifo
organoebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi arian samarTlis sub-
ieqtebi da am statusiT ganaxorcieleben saproceso kano-
niT miniWebul uflebebs. aseTi aqcenti unda gakeTdes maT
saproceso movaleobebzec. procesis mwarmoebel pirebs
valdebuleba ekisrebaT ara mxolod saxelmwifos winaSe,
aramed, rogorc konkretuli saproceso samarTlebrivi
urTierTobis subieqts _ braldebulis, mowmis da proce-
sis nebismieri monawilis mimarT.
ase magaliTad, Tu moxda piris dakaveba eWvmitanilis
saxiT, unda dakmayofildes dauyovnebliv misi moTxovna
damcvelis mowvevis Taobaze. aq, saxelmwifos nebaa gamoxat-
uli da misi Sesruleba savaldebuloa gamomZieblisaTvis
(prokurorisaTvis) da meores mxriv, rogorc samarTlis
subieqtisaTvis movaleoba eWvmitanilis mimarTac, misces
eWvmitanils SesaZlebloba ganaxorcielos kanoniT miniWe-
buli ufleba.
garkveuli sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTier-
Tobebi aRmocendeba mxareebs Soris, sasamarTloSi sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis dros, rodesac mxareebi
84 85
monawileobas iReben warmodgenili mtkicebulebebis gamokv-
levaSi da eZlevaT SesaZlebloba kiTxvebi dausvan da-
sakiTxad gamoZaxebul pirebs. am SemTxvevaSi procesis
monawileebs Soris aRmocenebul urTierTobebs akontro-
lebs TviTon sasamarTlo (mosamarTle).
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTlebri-
vi urTierTobani, sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawile-
Ta realuri moqmedebis (Sinaarsis) gamoxatvis mxolod
garegnuli iuridiuli mxarea. misi elementebis urTierT-
kavSiri niadags qmnis miRweul iqnes sisxlis samarTlis
procesis mizani.
amdenad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTier-amdenad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTier-
Toba, esaa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebiT mowes-Toba, esaa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebiT mowes-
rigebuli urTierToba, romelic warmoiSoba saxelmwifos rigebuli urTierToba, romelic warmoiSoba saxelmwifos
organoebsa, mis warmomadgenlebsa da moqalaqeebs Soris organoebsa, mis warmomadgenlebsa da moqalaqeebs Soris
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamo.sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamo.
$3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis $3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis
wyaroebiwyaroebi
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso norma gamoxatulebas
hpovebs kanonSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yvela kanonebi, rom-
lebic exeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasa-
marTloSi saqmis ganxilvas, e.i. Seicavs saproceso normebs,
warmoadgens sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyaroebs.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis ZiriTad wyaros war-
moadgens saqarTvelos konstitucia,saqarTvelos konstitucia, romelic miRebulia
1995 wlis 24 agvistos. igi Seicavs normebs, romlebic
gvevlineba sisxlis saproceso samarTlis principebad an
ZiriTad debulebad. ase magaliTad, saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis me-17 muxli, romelic saubrobs: adamianis pativi
da Rirseba xelSeuvalia; dauSvebelia adamianis wameba,
arahumanuri, sastiki an pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli
mopyroba da sasjelis gamoyeneba; da konstituciis me-18
muxli, romelic exeba adamianis Tavisuflebis xelSeu-
valobas; dasaSvebobas adamianisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTi-
sa an piradi Tavisuflebis sxvagvari SezRudvisa sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilebiT, safuZvlad daedo sisxlis sapro-
ceso samarTlis iseT princips, rogoricaa `pirovnebis
xelSeuxebloba, misi pativisa da Rirsebis dacva.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis mexuTe nawilis
Sinaarsi: `dakavebul an dapatimrebul pirs, dakavebis an
dapatimrebisTanave SeuZlia moiTxovos damcvelis dax-
mareba, rac unda dakmayofildes~, da konstituciis 42-e
muxlis mesame nawili: `dacvis ufleba garantirebulia~,
safuZveli gaxda Camoyalibebuliyo sisxlis saproceso
samarTlis principi: eWvmitanilis, braldebulisa da gan-
sasjelis dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofa;
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 muxli exeba: adamianis
piradi cxovrebis, piradi saqmianobis adgilis, piradi
Canaweris, mimoweris, satelefono saubris da sxva saxis
teqnikuri saSualebiT miRebuli Setyobinebebis xelSeux-
eblobas; aseve, Sesvlis akrZalvas sacxovrebel binaSi da
sxva mflobelobaSi mflobel pirTa nebis sawinaaRmdegod;
Tu ar aris sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba an kanoniT gaT-
valiswinebuli gadaudebeli aucilebloba, safuZvlad
daedo sisxlis saproceso samarTlis princips: `piradi
cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba~;
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-40 muxli, romelic
Tavisi SinaarsiT `udanaSaulobis prezumfcias~ asaxavs,
sruli SinaarsiT iqna gadmotanili sisxlis saproceso
86 87
samarTlis principad;
saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis meSvide nawili:
`kanonis darRveviT mopovebul mtkicebulebas iuridiuli
Zala ara aqvs~, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis erT-erTi
saxelmZRvanelo debulebaa da man asaxva hpova sisxlis
saproceso samarTlis principSi: `kanoniereba da adamianis
bunebiTi uflebebi~; amave muxlis, merve nawili: aravin ar
aris valdebuli misces Tavisi an im axlobelTa sawinaaRm-
degod Cveneba, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba kanoniT~, sisx-
lis saproceso samarTlis mniSvnelovani debulebaa~.
saqarTvelos konstituciis mexuTe Tavi mTlianad sasa-
marTlo xelisuflebas exeba. sadac mocemulia marTlmsa-
julebis ganxorcielebis mniSvnelovani debulebebi: rom
marTlmsajulebas axorcieleben saerTo sasamarTloebi;
mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia da emor-
Cileba mxolod konstitucias da kanons; sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SeuZlia mx-
olod sasamarTlos kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT da a.S.
amave TavSi saubaria sisxlis samarTlis procesis iseT
sawyisebze, rogoricaa: sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis ganxilva Ria sxdomaze; samarTalwarmoebis ena; sa-
marTalwarmoebis ganxorcieleba mxareTa Tanasworobisa da
SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze.
rogorc vxedavT saqarTvelos konstitucia sisxlis
saproceso samarTlisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani wyaroa,
misi ZiriTadi debulebebi, sawyisebi konstituciidan modis.
saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-
bebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebi da normebi bebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebi da normebi
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobis nawilebia. amis
dasturia saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis meore
nawilis Sinaarsic, sadac naTqvamia: `saqarTvelos saerTa-
Soriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi ar ewinaaRm-
degeba saqarTvelos konstitucias, konstituciur SeTanx-
mebas aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoe-
brivi normatiuli aqtebis mimarT~. e.i. SeiZleba iTqvas,
saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis ierarqiaSi saqarTvelos
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, saqarTvelos
konstituciisa da konstituciuri SeTanxmebis mere ufro
didi iuridili Zala gaaCnia, vidre saqarTvelos sxva nor-
matiul aqtebs (mxedvelobaSia saqarTvelos organuli
kanoni, saqarTvelos kanoni). aqedan gamomdinare `adamianis
uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli
konvencia~, iTvleba ra saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
nawilad, aRiarebuli unda iqnes sisxlis saproceso samar-
Tlis wyarod. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyarod aRi-
arebul unda iqnes agreTve gaerTianebuli erebis orga-
nizaciis generaluri asambleis mier 1948 wels miRebuli
`adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia~. aRniSnuli
saerTaSoriso aqtebi mravlad Seicaven sisxlis saproceso
samarTlis sawyisebs (principebs), magaliTad: sisxlissa-
marTalwarmoebis Riaoba; braldebulis dacvis uflebis
uzrunvelyofa; udanaSaulobis (arabraleulobis) prezum-
fcia; pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba, misi pativisa da Rirse-
bis dacva; moqalaqeTa Tanasworoba kanonisa da sasamarTlos
winaSe; piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba da sxva. sisxlis
saproceso samarTlis wyarod unda miviCnioT yvela is
saerTaSoriso aqti, romelic fizikur da iuridiul pirebs
aZlevs SesaZleblobas daicvan TavianTi uflebebi da kanon-
ieri interesebi, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebis,
ise sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis safexurze.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis umTavresi wyaro-sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsia, masSia Tavmoyrili yvela
88 89
is normebi, romlebiTac faqtobrivad wesrigdeba sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis moZraobis Sedegad aRmocenebuli sapro-
coeso samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi, rogorc uSualod
procesis mwarmoebel pirebs Soris (gamomZiebeli, proku-
rori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo), ise procesis mwarmoebel
pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs (dazaralebuli,
braldebuli, mowme da sxva) Soris.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, rogorc sisx-
lis saproceso samarTlis wyaro saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
sinamdvileSi mogvevlina 1923 wlidan. rodesac 1923 wlis
17 agvistos miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos pirveli sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi. aRniSnuli kodeqsi mniS-
vnelovani iyo imiT, rom igi adgils uTmobda demokratiul
institutebs, dasaSvebad miiCnevda sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi damcvelis monawileobas, iTvaliswinebda sakasa-
cio wesiT ganaCenis gasaCivrebas. detalurad gadmoscemda
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi
saqmis ganxilvis wess da a.S.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
ufro srulyofil saxes warmoadgenda saqarTvelos uzen-
aesi sabWos mier 1960 wlis 30 dekembers miRebuli sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi
Sevida 1961 wlis 1 martidan. xsenebuli kodeqsi miRebul
iqna sisxlis samarTlis politikis humanizaciis periodSi.
ramac garkveuli asaxva hpova kidec sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi. ase magaliTad, danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
gamoikveTa sazogadoebis aqtiuri roli. SesaZlebeli iyo
braldebulis gadacema Tavdebobis qveS an sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis masalebis gadacema amxanaguri sasamarTloebi-
saTvis da arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis komisiisaTvis, riTac
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoeba faqtobrivad wydeboda;
damcveli daiSveboda winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis mo-
mentidan: gafarTovda dazaralebulis saproceso uflebebi;
detalurad gaiwera calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis
Catarebis wesi; sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas
da saqmis sakasacio warmoebis dros, SemoRebul iqna Se-
jibrebiTi procesis sawyisebi da a.S.
saqarTveloSi, me-20 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi mimdinare
politikurma movlenebma, iTamaSa ra garkveuli roli
saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobaSi, gamoiwvia qveya-
naSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis reformirebac. reforma Seexo
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsac, da saqarTvelos
parlamentma 1997 wlis 25 noembers miiRo axali sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi. magram masSi uamravi cvli-
lebeba Sevida da dadga aucilebloba axali sisxlis sa-
marTlis saproceso kodeqsis misaRebad, marTlac, drois
umokles monakveTSi saqarTvelos parlamentma 1998 wlis
20 Tebervals, miiRo axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsi, romelic amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maiss da dResac
moqmedebs. aCqarebuli tempiT miRebul saproceso kodeqsSi
bevri xarvezi gaipara, ramac gamoiwvia is, rom normalurad
arc ki iyo amoqmedebuli kodeqsi, masSi ukve cvlilebebis
Setana daiwyo da am cvlilebebis Setana dRemde grZel-
deba. moqmedi saproceso kodeqsis am mdgomareobaSi yofnam
Seamzada niadagi, isev axali sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kodeqsis misaRebad, momzadebulia proeqtic. sain-
teresoa proeqtSi arsebuli axali institutebi gauZleben
Tu ara gamocdas, romelsac maT umzadebs sagamoZiebo da
sasamarTlo praqtika, misaRebi iqneba Tu ara sazogadoe-
brivi cnobierebisaTvis, amas dro gviCvenebs.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyaroebia, aseve: or-
ganuli kanoni ̀ saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~, organuli
90 91
kanoni `saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~: or-
ganuli kanoni `sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~, or-
ganuli kanoni ̀ sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb;
organuli kanoni `saqarTvelos prokuraturis Sesaxeb~;
kanoni `operatiul-samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb~; kanoni
`advokatTa Sesaxeb~ da saerTod, yvela is kanoni, romel-
ic Seicavs saproceso normebs da exeba sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvas.
romanul-germanuli samarTlis sistemis qveynebSi sisx-
lis saproceso samarTlis wyarod aRiarebulia kanoni,
xolo saerTo samarTlis sistemaSi Semavali qveynebi sa-
marTlis wyarod aRiareben `sasamarTlo precedents~.
`sasamarTlo precedenti~ warmoadgens samomavlod gamosay-
enebel samarTlebriv normas. rac imas niSnavs, rom: sasa-
marTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic miRebul iqna konkretul
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, SemdgomSi savaldebulo xdeba
ara marto amave sasamarTlosaTvis, aramed imave instanci-
is an qvemdgomi sxva sasamarTlosTvisac analogiuri saqmee-
bis ganxilvisas (inglisi, aSS, kanada).
calke gamoyofen religiuri samarTlis sistemis qveyneb-
sac, sadac samarTlis wyaroebia ZiriTadad yurani, keTil-
Sobiluri qcevis wesebi, Cveulebebi (afrika, madagaskari,
indoeTi da bevri sxva muslimanuri qveyana).
$4. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis $4. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis
formebiformebi
mecnierTa kvlevis sagania ara mxolod calkeuli sapro-
ceso institutis warmomavloba da misi istoriuli ganvi-
Tareba, aramed TviTon sisxlis saproceso samarTalic.
mecnierTa interesebis sferoa ara mxolod is, warmoa-
Cinon calkeuli saproceso institutis sawyisi da misi
ganviTarebis istoria, aramed, aseve miakvlion TviTon sisx-
lis saproceso samarTlis safuZvlebsac. yoveli eri
daucxromeli SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis Sedegad qmnida, da
dResac qmnis Tavisi qveynis ekonomikur, politikur, so-
cialur, ideologiur, religiur safuZvlebze dafuZnebul
Sesabamis samarTlis sistemas, xolo samarTlis sistemaSi
arsebuli samarTlebrivi institutebis daxvewiloba Sesa-
Zleblobas iZleva warmodgena viqonioT TviT xalxis mar-
TlSegnebis doneze. amitomac, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis
istoriuli ganviTarebis kuTxiT dainteresebam, sruliad
logikurad wamowia sakiTxi gadmovceT sisxlis saproceso
samarTlis ganviTarebis calkeuli etapebi.
iuridiul literaturaSi zogjer saubroben sisxlis
saproceso samarTlis iseT istoriul tipebze, rogoricaa:
monaTmflobeluri, feodaluri, burJuaziuli da social-
isturi1; zogierTi avtori gvTavazobs iseT istoriul
tipebs, rogoricaa: 1). pirvelyofili-Temuri; 2) uZvelesi
civilizaciis (egvipte, babiloni da sxva); 3) klasikuri
(uZvelesi saberZneTi, uZvelesi romi); 4) adrindeli bral-
debiTi (sabraldebo); 5) Suasaukuneebis inkviziciuri (sam-
Zebro); 6) Tanamedrove humanuri, SejibrebiTi2; gadmoscemen
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis formebsac: braldebiTi (sa-
braldebo) procesi, samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesi,
SejibrebiTi procesi, Sereuli procesi3.
1 Ì. À. ×åëüöîâ-Áåáóòîâ – Êóðñ óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîãî ïðàâà, Ñ. Ïåòåðáóðã, 1995 ñ. 5-6.
2 Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, 2-îå èçäà-íèå, îòâ. ðåä. È.Ë. Ïåòðóõèí, Ì., 2006, ñ. 36-37.
3 Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, ó÷åáíèê ïîä. ðåä. Ãóöåíêî, Ê. Ô., Ì., 1998. ñ. 19-20.
92 93
marTebulad migvaCnia sisxlis saproceso samarTlis
ganviTarebis etapebi gadmovceT sisxlis saproceso samar-
Tlis formebis mixedviT. ramdenadac sazogadoebis ganvi-
Tarebis ama Tu im safexurze moqmedebda an braldebiTi an
samZebro, SejibrebiTi Tu Sereuli procesi.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis braldebiTi formisaTvis sisxlis saproceso samarTlis braldebiTi formisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli iyo is, rom bralmdebels gansakuTrebuli
mdgomareoba eWira. masze iyo damokidebuli sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis dawyebac da Sewyvetac. bralmdeblad, Cveu-
lebriv gamodioda is piri, romelsac danaSaulis Cadenis
Sedegad ziani miadga. braldebuli ki upirispirdeboda
bralmdebels sasamarTloSi da ekamaTeboda mas braldebis
Taobaze, cdilobda gaebaTilebina braldeba. sasamarTlo ki
mxareTa Soris davas gadawyvetda im monacemebis safuZvelze,
rasac mxareebi warudgendnen mas. sasamarTlo gamodioda
arbitris rolSi, ar iRebda monawileobas mtkicebulebaTa
mopovebaSi, is mxolod Tvalyurs adevnebda, rom mxareTa
Soris kamaTi warmarTuliyo dadgenili wesebis dacviT da
gamohqonda gadawyvetileba.
procesis es forma braldebiTad iwodeboda imitom, rom
gamokveTili iyo dazaralebulis, rogorc bralmdeblis
matareblis pozicia. misi nebis gamovlenaze iyo damokide-
buli sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva
(sxvaTaSoris samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvac), dazaralebulis
siCivari edeboda safuZvlad saqmis sasamarTloSi warmoebas.
winasasamarTlo gamoZieba saerTod ar arsebobda, mtkiceb-
ulebaTa Sekrebisa da maTi sasamarTloSi wardgenis tvir-
Ti mTlianad mxareebze iyo gadasuli.
braldebiTi procesi iyo sajaro da zepiri. sasamarTlos
winaSe ar idga amocana sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze daed-
gina materialuri WeSmariteba. iTvleboda, rom WeSmar-
iteba momdinareobs RmerTisgan da amitom mis dasadgenad
mimarTavdnen iseT meTodebs, rogoric iyo orTabrZola,
ordalebi, fici.
procesis braldebiTi forma arsebobda e.w. monaTmflo-
belur sazogadoebaSi da feodaluri sazogadoebis garkveul
periodamde (dasavleT evropaSi samZebro (inkviziciuri)
procesis niSnebi gaCnda XIII saukuneSi, Tumca mis parale-
lurad iyo braldebiTi procesic).
braldebiTi procesi Secvala samZebro (inkviziciurma) samZebro (inkviziciurma)
procesma.procesma. aris mosazreba, rom samZebro (inkviziciuri)
procesi nasesxebia saeklesio praqtikidan. magram imasac
dasZenen, rom TviT kaTolikurma eklesiam SeiTvisa inkviz-
iciuri procesis ZiriTadi principebi saero samarTlidan,
es principebi SemdgomSi ise daamuSava, ganaviTara, rom
sxvadasxva saxelmwifoTa saproceso samarTalma masabaZ
nimuSad aqcia.
samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
iyo is, rom braldebis funqcia, dacvis funqcia da sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis gadawyvetis funqcia Tavmoyrili iyo erTi
pirovnebis mosamarTlis xelSi. is ganaxorcielebda konk-
retul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamoZiebis, braldebis
da garkveuli doziT dacvis funqciebsac. braldebuls
araviTari uflebebi ar gaaCnda, mas ar SeeZlo monawileo-
ba mieRo sasamarTlo procesSi, daecva sakuTari Tavi
braldebi sagan. is ufro aRiqmeboda gamokvlevis obieqtad
da ara procesis subieqtad. dazaralebuli ki iTvleboda
mxolod da mxolod momCivnad. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samZe-
bro (inkviziciuri) procesisaTvis mxareTa paeqroba
sasamarTlo Si ucxo iyo. iTvleboda, rom inkvizitor-mosa-
marTle iyo valdebuli efiqra Seekriba saqmeze braldebu-
lis rogorc mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli mtkicebule-
94 95
bebi. mosamarTle amodioda braldebulis braleulobis
prezumfciidan. braldebuls unda daemtkicebina Tavisi ar-
abraleuloba.
samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesi _ es iyo daxuruli
procesi, sasamarTlo sxdomaze xalxi ar daiSveboda, mosa-
marTle saqmis gadawyvetis dros efuZneboda mxolod
werilobiT masalas, dakiTxvis oqmebs da aqtebs, ar ax-
denda braldebulis, mowmeebis dakiTxvas.
samZebro (inkviziciur) procesTanaa uSualod dakavSire-
buli wamebis meTodis gamoyeneba braldebulis mimarT, raTa
misgan mieRoT aRiareba danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb. bralde-
bulis mxridan danaSaulis Cadenis aRiareba iTvleboda
`mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad~ da sakmarisad msjvardebisaTvis.
saerTod wameba ganixileboda, rogorc saSualeba dasakiTxi
pirisagan Cvenebis misaRebad ama Tu im faqtTan dakavSirebiT.
iyo aseTi xedvac gabatonebuli, rom qals ufro naklebad
unda endo, misi Cveneba naklebad sarwmunoa, vidre mamaka-
cisa; aseve Raribi adamianis mier micemuli Cveneba ufro
naklebad sarwmunoa vidre mdidari adamianisa.
samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesi krZalavda sasamarTlo
sxdomaze xalxis daswrebas, magram samagierod moiwvevdnen
maT ganaCenis aRsrulebis dros. ganaCenis gasaCivreba ar iyo
gaTvaliswinebuli. ganaCenis gadasinjva (~revizia~) SesaZle-
beli iyo saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis piris iniciativiT.
ganasxvavebdnen gamamtyunebel, gamamarTlebel ganaCensa
da ganaCens, romelic gansasjels tovebda eWvis qveS. es
eWvi, danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb adamians mTeli sicocxlis
manZilze Sav laqad Tan dayveboda.
samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesis Tanmdevi iyo `das-
menis~ institutis gaaqtiureba, daxvewa (dasmena didi xnis
winaTac arsebobda). dasmena niSnavda konkretuli piris
gawbilebas sxvis TvalSi da mosamarTlisaTvis warmoebis
dawyebis sababs Seadgenda, Sedegi ki sasjelis Sefardeba
iyo. samZebro (inkviziciurma) procesma yvelaze ufro dax-
vewili saxe miiRo e.w. feodalur sazogadoebaSi, absolu-
turi monarqiis dros (es exeba yvela saxelmwifos).
rac Seexeba sisxlis saproceso samarTlis Sereul sisxlis saproceso samarTlis Sereul
formasformas, rogorc mas sisxlis samarTlis procesis Teo-
riaSi eZaxian, man Secvala samZebro (inkviziciuri) pro-
cesi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samZebro (inkviziciur) proce-
sis Sesustebas xeli Seuwyo safrangeTis 1789 wlis
burJuaziulma revoluciam. mogvianebiT, dasavleT evropis
sxva qveynebSic momxdarma revoluciebma uaryves samZebro
(inkviziciuri) procesi da gza dauloces sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesis e.w. burJuaziul formas, Sereul formas.
ratom ewoda sisxlis samarTlis procesis am formas
Sereuli. upirveles yovlisa imitom, rom masSi Sezavebuli
aRmoCnda samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesisa da SejibrebiTi
procesis elementebi. amas mohyva is, rom TviTon sisxlis
samarTlis procesSi gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi stadia, age-
buli or sxvadasxva principze: winaswari gamoZieba agebuli or sxvadasxva principze: winaswari gamoZieba agebuli
samZebro principebze,samZebro principebze, gamoZiebas erTpirovnulad anxor-
cielebs gamomZiebeli. winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze bral-
debuli ar warmoadgens mxares, is mxolod gamokvlevis
obieqtia da saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvasaqmis sasamarTlo ganxilva, romelic mimdinare-
obs sajarod, zepirad, SejibrebiTobis principis SejibrebiTobis principis safuZve lze.
bralmdebeli, rogorc mxare sasamarTlos warudgens piris
braldebis damadasturebel mtkicebulebebs, xolo bral-
debuli, rogorc mxare uflebamosilia imarTlos Tavi wayene-
bu li braldebisagan an TviTon an damcvelis daxmarebiT.
Sereuli procesi uSvebda SejibrebiTi elementebis
gamovlenas winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze, (magaliTad,
96 97
damcvelis daSveba winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze). unda
aRiniSnos isic, rom sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis ganxilva wminda SejibrebiT xasiaTs ar atarebda,
mosamarTle ar iyo mxareTa paeqrobis pasiuri mayurebeli,
igi aqtiurad xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo gamoZiebis mim-
dinareobas, da mtkicebulebebs afasebda Sinagani rwmenis
safuZvelze.
amdenad, samZebro (inkviziciuri) da braldebiTi pro-samZebro (inkviziciuri) da braldebiTi pro-
cesebiscesebis elementebis gaerTianeba `Sereva~ iZleva safuZvels,
procesis aseT sistemas ewodos Sereuli. magram, es ise ar
unda gavigoT TiTqosda meqanikurad moxda ori sxvadasxva
formis procesebis elementebis gaerTianeba, ra Tqma unda
ara. elementebi SemoqmedebiTad iqna damuSavebuli da faqto-
brivad miRebul iqna axali, erTiani procesis sistema, rom-
lis ZiriTad principad gamocxadda SejibrebiTobaSejibrebiToba, TumcaRa
inarCunebda samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesis elementebs.
Sereuli procesi win gadadgmuli nabiji iyo samZebro
(inkviziciur) procesTan SedarebiT, progresuli iyo im-
denad, ramdenadac masSi aisaxa iseTi demokratiuli insti-
tutebi, rogoricaa: sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis Seji-
brebiToba, braldebulis ufleba dacvaze, sajarooba,
zepiroba, am demokratiuli institutebis danergviT didi
kulturuli winsvla moxda marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cielebisa da organizaciis sferoSi.
Sereulma procesma upirvelesi asaxva hpova safrange-
Tis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi (1808 w) da
SemdgomSi gavrcelda sxva qveynebis kanonmdeblobaSic
(upiratesad kontinentur evropaSi, germaniaSi, italiaSi,
avtriaSi, belgiaSi).
SejibrebiTi procesi.SejibrebiTi procesi. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis es
forma ufro Tanamedrovea da ZiriTadad adgils ikavebs
anglosaqsonuri samarTlis sistemis qveynebSi (inglisi,
kanada, avstralia, aSS). istoriulad procesis es forma
Camoyalibda inglisSi, Semdeg gavrceleba hpova mis yofil
koloniebSi, TumcaRa unda iTqvas, rom SejibrebiTi pro-
cesis niSnebi farTod gamoCnda romanul-germanuli (kon-
tinenturi) samarTlis sistemis qveynebis kanonmdeblobaSic.
SejibrebiTi procesisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia, Semdegi speci-
fikuri niSnebi: saproceso funqciebi gamijnulia urTier-
Tisagan, sasamarTlo ganaxorcielebs mxolod marTlmsa-
julebis funqcias da braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs
uqmnis saWiro pirobebs mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisaTvis,
maTi yovelmxrivi da sruli gamokvlevisaTvis. sasamarT-
loSi mxareTa dava monaTlulia, rogorc dava saxelmwi-
fosa da moqalaqes Soris, romelmac Caidina danaSauli.
mosamarTle mxareTa am davaSi miukerZoebeli arbitria, is
mxolod Tvalyurs adevnebs, rom ar dairRves kamaTis
wesebi da gamoavlinos gamarjvebuli. sasamarTlo mtkice-
bulebebs afasebs Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze, TumcaRa
SenarCunebulia formalur mtkicebulebaTa Teoriis
garkveuli elementebic, magaliTad, Tu braldebuli aRi-
arebs brals safuZvelia gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamosa-
tanad. SejibrebiToba figurirebs winaswari gamoZiebis
stadiazec. ase magaliTad, inglisSi bralmdebeli damoukide-
blad moipovebs mtkicebulebebs da warudgens mas mom-
rigebel mosamarTles, es ukanaskneli gamoiZaxebs bralde-
buls, warudgens braldebis damadasturebel monacemebs da
aZlevs gansazRvrul dros, Tavis dacvis mizniT Sekribos
da warmoadginos mtkicebulebebi. yvela aucilebel sapro-
ceso moqmedebas momrigebeli mosamarTle atarebs mxareTa
(bralmdeblis, braldebulis) moTxovniT. sasamarTlo
gamoZieba iyofa or nawilad, pirveli nawili eTmoba bralm-
98 99
debels, sadac igi warmoadgens Tavis mtkicebulebebs da
aqedan gamomdinare argumentacias piris braleulobis Ses-
axeb; meore nawili mTlianad eTmoba braldebulsa da mis
damcvels, romlebic braldebis sawinaaRmdegod warmoadgenen
Tavis mtkicebulebebs da mosazrebebs. mosamarTle, rogorc
wesi ar ereva maT kamaTSi.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis zemoT dasaxelebulma
formebma, es iqneba: braldebiTi, samZebro (inkviziciuri)braldebiTi, samZebro (inkviziciuri),
Sereuli Tu SejibrebiTiSereuli Tu SejibrebiTi, Tavis droze didi roli iTamaSa
ama Tu im qveynis samarTlis kulturaSi. isini erTmaneTs
enacvlebodnen, qmnidnen ufro daxvewil, progresul sap-
roceso institutebs da safuZvels imisa, rom ufro meti
yuradRebis qveS moqceuliyo adamiani, Tavisi uflebebiT,
TavisuflebebiT da kanonieri interesebiT. magram Tu, ram-
denad xorcieldeba adamianis uflebebis, Tavisuflebebis,
kanonieri interesebis dacva ama Tu im qveynis kanonmdeblo-
biT, es damokidebulia TviT qveynis ekonomikur, politikur,
socialur, ideologiur da mTel rig garemoebebze. amitom,
sulac ar aris gasakviri, Tuki sisxlis saproceso samar-
Tlis xsenebuli formebi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi garkveuli
TaviseburebebiT gvxvdeba, TumcaRa inarCuneben im saerTo
niSnebs, romelic damaxasiaTebelia procesis calkeuli
formisaTvis.
$5. sisxlis saproceso samarTali iuridiul $5. sisxlis saproceso samarTali iuridiul
mecnierebaTa sistemaSimecnierebaTa sistemaSi
sisxlis saproceso samarTals, rogorc samarTlis erT-
erT dargs aqvs normaTa erToblioba, Tavisi regulirebis
sagani, riTac igi gansxvavdeba samarTlis sxva dargebisagan.
magram miuxedavad didi gansxvavebisa, sisxlis saproceso
samarTals, rogorc samarTlis erTiani sistemis Semadgenel
nawils kavSiri aqvs samarTlis sxva dargebTan.
gansakuTrebuli mWidro kavSiri arsebobs sisxlis sap-sisxlis sap-
roceso samarTalsa da materialur sisxlis samarTals roceso samarTalsa da materialur sisxlis samarTals
Soris.Soris. maT Soris mWidro kavSirs xazi, rom gausvan mec-
nierebi SeniSnaven xolme _ sisxlis saproceso samarTali
sisxlis samarTlis garSe usagno iqnebodao. es naTqvami
misaRebia, ramdenadac mxolod sisxlis samarTali gansaz-
Rvravs Tu ra aris danaSauli, romeli qmdeba (moqmedeba
an umoqmedeba) CaiTvalos danaSaulad da rogori iuridi-
uli Sedegi mohyves mis Cadenas. xolo sisxlis saproceso
samarTlis normebiT gansazRvrulia, rogor, rogori Tan-
mimdevrobiT dadgindes danaSaulis Semadgenlobis arse-
boba ama Tu im qmedebaSi, rogor dadgindes danaSaulis
Camdeni konkretuli piri. zemoT gadmocemuli, praqtikulad
imas niSnavs, rom sisxlis samarTlis normebis gamoyeneba
gaZneldeboda sisxlis saproceso samarTlis gareSe, xolo
am ukanasknelis normebi dakargavdnen azrs, usargeblo
iqnebodnen sisxlis samarTlis normebis gareSe. SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom orives arseboba erTmaneTs avsebs da efeqturs
xdis danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolas.
sisxlis saproceso samarTals kavSiri aqvs samoqalaqo sisxlis saproceso samarTals kavSiri aqvs samoqalaqo
saproceso samarTalTansaproceso samarTalTan. samarTlis es ori dargi awesrigebs
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis sferoSi aRmocenebul
urTierTobebs. amitom maT aqvT mTeli rigi msgavsi insti-
tutebi da principebi, mtkicebis erTnairi saSualebebi. maT
Soris arsebulma kavSirma, zogierT mecniers gauRviZa idea,
sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeTa gansaxilvelad
Seqmniliyo erTiani saproceso kodeqsi. aris mosazreba imis
Sesaxebac, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTali da samoqalaqo
100 101
saproceso samarTali samosamarTlo samarTlis Semadgeneli
nawilebia.mosazrebebi sainteresoa, problematuri da
damoukidebel kvlevas moiTxovs.
sisxlis saproceso samarTalssisxlis saproceso samarTals udavod mWidro kavSiri
aqvs, iseT iuridiul mecnierebasTan, rogoricaa kriminal-kriminal-
istikaistika. kriminalistika Tavdapirvelad xom sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesis mecnierebaSi Camoyalibda. mas miiCnevdnen
sisxlis samarTlis procesis gagrZelebad. siaxlove sisx-
lis saproceso samarTalsa da kriminalistikas Soris,
SeiZleba aseTi sityvebiTac gamovxatoT: kriminalistika
emsaxureba sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi normebis re-
alizaciis taqtikur-teqnikuri meTodebis SemuSavebas. Tu
sisxlis saproceso samarTali Seiswavlis da gansazRvravs
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi
saqmis ganxilvis saproceso wess, adgens calkeul saga-
moZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis procedurul wess; kriminal-
istika SeimuSavebs im teqnikur saSualebebs, taqtikur
xerxebsa da meTodebs, romelTa gamoyenebiTac calkeuli
saproceso moqmedeba Sedegiani xdeba. mxolod da mxolod
sisxlisa da sisxlis saproceso normebis gamoyenebiT
SeuZlebelia Sedegiani aRmoCndes esa Tu is saproceso mo-
qmedeba. saproceso moqmedebis Catarebas maSin aqvs azri,
rodesac igi garkveul cnobebs iZleva ama Tu im faqtTan
dakavSirebiT. aseTi cnobebis miReba ki SesaZlebeli xdeba,
kriminalistikis mier mowodebuli teqnikuri saSualebebis,
taqtikuri xerxebis, meTodebisa da rekomendaciebis gziT,
romlebic ra Tqma unda Tu ar ewinaaRmdenebian saproceso
kanonis moTxovnebs.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlisa da kriminalistikis
mecnierebis axlo kavSirze isic metyvelebs, rom kriminal-
istikis mecnierebis mier SemuSavebuli taqtikuri xerxi
xSirad gamxdara sisxlis saproceso samarTlis kuTvnili
instituti. ase magaliTad, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti, Cven-
ebis adgilze Semowmeba, amosacnobad wardgena pirvelad
kriminalistikis mecnierebaSi aRmocendnen, rogorc taqti-
kuri xerxebi, da SemdgomSi maT asaxva hpoves sisxlis
saproceso samarTalSi damoukidebeli sagamoZiebo moqmede-
bebis saxiT.
kavSiri ikveTeba sisxlis saproceso samarTalsa da sisxlis saproceso samarTalsa da
kriminilogias Soris.kriminilogias Soris. Tu kriminologiis amocanaa: daadgi-
nos danaSaulis Cadenis mizezebi da pirobebi, SeimuSaos
maTi aRmofxvris gzebi da saSualebebi, sisxlis saproceso
samarTali gansazRvravs gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo orga-
noebis reagirebis saproceso formebs danaSaulis Cadenis
mizezebisa da pirobebis aRmofxvrisaTvis, amave dros adgens
Sesabamisi wardginebis an sasamarTlos kerZo ganCinebis
Setanis wesebsa da pirobebs.
sisxlis saproceso samarTalssisxlis saproceso samarTals kavSiri aqvs iseT damx-
mare iuridiul disciplinebTan, rogoricaa: sasamarTlo sasamarTlo
medicina, sasamarTlo fsiqiatria.medicina, sasamarTlo fsiqiatria.
sasamarTlo medicinasasamarTlo medicina _ medicinis mecnierebis dargia,
misi miRwevebi xSirad gamoyenebadia sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa sworad da obieqturad gamoZiebisaTvis da sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis. ase magaliTad, sikvdilis gamom-
wvevi mizezebis gamosavlenad, adamianis asakis dasadgenad,
sisx lis jgufis gansazRvrisaTvis da a.S. iniSneba xolme sasa-
marTlo samedicino eqspertiza, romlis drosac gamokvleva
unda Catardes saproceso wesebisa da saproceso normebis
dacviT. xolo sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertis mier
momzadebuli daskvna ki, iseve, rogorc yvela sxva saxis
eqspertis daskvna iTvleba mtkicebulebis erT-erT saxed.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas sasamarTlo fsiqiatriazecsasamarTlo fsiqiatriazec.
102 103
gamomZiebeli, mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) xSirad mimarTaven
xolme dasaxmareblad sasamarTlo fsiqiatrebs. gansa-
kuTrebiT maSin, rodesac wamoiWreba sakiTxi braldebulis
(gansasjelis) Seracxaobis Sesaxeb. aqac pirovnebis gamokv-
levis dros ama Tu im meTodis gamoyenebis dros daculi
unda iyos sisxlis saproceso samarTlis normebis moTx-
ovnebi da wesebi. xolo sasamarTlo fsiqiatris mier
momzadebuli daskvna iTvleba mtkicebulebis saxed, romlis
Semowmebisa da Sefasebis sakiTxebi, aseve mowesrigebulia
sisxlis saproceso samarTliT.
$6. sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc $6. sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc
mecniereba.mecniereba.
sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc mecniereba iu-
ridiuli mecnierebis nawilia. igi aris erTian sistemaSi
moyvanili codna saerTod sisxlis samarTlis procesze da
sisxlis saproceso samarTalze, rogorc samarTlis darg-
ze. e.i. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTlis,
rogorc mecnierebis Seswavlis sagania: sisxlis saproceso
samarTlis Teoria, romelic SeimuSavebs: a) danaSaulis
winaaRmdeg brZolis demokratiul principebs, formebs da
saSualebas; b) ayalibebs axal saproceso institutebs da
iZleva maT ganmartebas; g) Seiswavlis sisxlis saproceso
samarTlis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebas; d) Teoriulad
gaiazrebs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis
praqtikulad (realurad) gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.
magram, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecnierebis Ses-
wavla ver moxerxdeba srulyofilad, Tu swavleba dae-
fuZneba mxolod da mxolod arsebuli saproceso normeb-
isa da institutebis aRweras. moqmedi saproceso normeb-
isa da institutebis yovelmxriv SeswavlasTan, analizTan
erTad unda moxdes maTi istoriuli kuTxiTac gamokvleva,
danaxva, maTi srulyofis mizniT. e.i. axsnili unda iyos
yvela is obieqturi kanonzomiereba, romelic safuZvlad
daedo ama Tu im saproceso normis Tu institutis aRmo-
cenebas. maSasadame, sisxlis saproceso mecnierebam unda
axsnas, daadginos da miuTiTos Tu ra obieqturi garemoe-
bebi ganapirobeben ama Tu im saproceso normebisa Tu in-
stitutebis mocemuli saxiT Camoyalibebas.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecnierebam, rom axsnas
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis ganviTare-
bis kanonzomiereba, srulyos saproceso normebisa da in-
stitutebis Sinaarsi, unda moaxdinos sxvadasxva qveynebis
sisxlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis Seswavla, analizi, maTi
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikis ganzogadeba. dain-
teresdes yovelive axali institutiT, daxvewili, sru-
lyofili saproceso normiT, ramdenad efeqturad muSaoben
isini da uzrunvelyofen sisxlis samarTlis procesis
miznis miRwevas. axali saproceso institutis Tu daxvewili
samarTlis normis aRmoCena romelime sxva qveynis sapro-
ceso kanonmdeblobaSi imas ar niSnavs, rom igi Cveni qveynis
kanonmdeblobaSi meqanikurad aisaxos, mecnierebis daniS-
nulebaa axali saproceso institutebi Tu saproceso
normebi Seiswavlos, axsnas maTi warmoSobis obieqturi
garemoebani da ise miusadagos sazogadoebriv yofierebas,
sazogadoebis moTxovnebs.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecniereba ZiebaSi unda
iyos, ikvlevdes, nergavdes da ganmartebas aZlevdes axal
saproceso institutebsa Tu saproceso normebs, realobi-
dan gamomdinare unda Wvretdes mosalodnel saproceso
urTierTobebs da sakanonmdeblo xarvezis Tavidan acileb-
104 105
is mizniT srulyofdes saproceso kanonmdeblobas.
danaSaulma, romelmac ar icis saxelmwifos sazRvrebi
da erTnairad miuRebelia nebismieri saxelmwifos sazoga-
doebisaTvis, sasurveli iqneba Tu mis winaaRmde sabrZolve-
lad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecniereba izrunebs
daaxlovos sxvadasxva qveynebis saproceso kanonmdebloba
erTmaneTTan.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecnierebam srulyo-
filebas, rom miaRwios farTod unda gamoiyenos kvlevis
iseTi meTodebi, rogoricaa: istoriul-samarTlebrivi,
SedarebiTi-samarTlebrivi, formalur-logikuri, sociolo-
giuri, statistikuri da yvela is meTodi, romelic uz-
runvelyofs mis ganviTarebas da sazogadoebrivi moTxov-
nilebis dakmayofilebas.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecnierebis safuZvlebi
mravali saukunis winaT aRmocenda. es safuZvlebi gvxvdeba
rogorc evropis, ise aziis, amerikis qveynebSi. qarTuli
samarTlis istoriamac Semogvinaxa uZvelesi samarTlis
Zeglebi, dawyebuli bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wigniT
da damTavrebuli vaxtang VI samarTlis wigniT, romlebic
metyveleben aRniSnuli mecnierebis wanamZRvrebis Sesaxeb.
sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebasTan erTad sru-
lyofilebas moiTxovs yovelive garemomcveli, romelic
sazogadoebas gars akravs. maT Soris daxvewas iTxovs sap-
roceso normebic da institutebic. gansakuTrebuli yura-
dReba mainc gadatanilia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanonmdeblobis srulyofasa da daxvewaze. es
yuradReba gamowveulia qveyanaSi Secvlili politikuri
viTarebiT, romelsac Sedegad mohyva axali samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebis, axali saproceso normebisa da institute-
bis gaCena, maT ki, Sesabamisad moiTxoves axleburi gan-
marteba da saboloo jamSi axali sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanonmdeblobis Seqmna.
qarTveli da ucxoeli mecnierebis publikaciebSi, dis-
kusiebi mimarTulia iqiTken, rom xeli Seuwyon saproceso
normebis, rogorc xarisxian komentars, ise axali sapro-
ceso institutebis amoqmedebas.
amdenad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecniereba, esaa sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecniereba, esaa
moZRvreba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis moZRvreba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis
ganviTarebisa da srulyofis kanonzomierebaTa Sesaxeb.
106 107
Tavi III Tavi III
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmedebis farglebi
$1. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis $1. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis
moqmedeba droSimoqmedeba droSi
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisa Tu sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilvisas, didi mniSvneloba aqvs codnas
imis Sesaxeb romeli saproceso kanoniT isargeblos,
rogorc procesis mwarmoebelma pirma (gamomZiebeli, proku-
rori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) ise procesis sxva monawilem
(dazaralebulma, eWvmitanilma, braldebulma da a.S.). am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT pasuxs iZleva saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mesame muxlis pirveli
nawili, sadac naTqvamia: `sisxlis samarTlis procesSi
gamoiyeneba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoni, romelic
moqmedebs winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis
dros~. upiratesoba moqmed, axal saproceso kanons imitom
eZleva, rom igulisxmeba igi ufro daxvewili SinaarsiTaa
warmodgenili vidre Zveli. is ufro srulyofilad awes-
rigebs saproceso moqmedebebis Catarebis wess da amave
dros, uzruvnelyofs procesis monawileTa kanoniT mini-
Webuli uflebebis realizebas. e.i. qmnis samarTliani mar-
Tlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis garantias.
rodesac saubaria moqmedi saproceso kanonis gamoyen-
ebaze, bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva, rodis iZens saproceso
kanoni iuridiul Zalas, rodis amoqmeddeba igi, da saval-
debulo xdeba misi gamoyeneba. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda
gvaxsovdes, rom kanoni (maT Soris saproceso kanonic
igulisxmeba), rogorc amas ambobs saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis 68-e muxlis meeqvse nawili ZalaSi Sedis misi
oficialur organoSi gamoqveynebidan meTxuTmete dRes, Tu
sxva vada ar aris dadgenili. Tu saproceso kanonSi mi-
TiTebulia misi ZalaSi Sesvlis vada, vTqvaT 2008 wlis 1
dekemberi, igi moqmedebas iwyebs am vadis dadgomis dRi-
dan.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis droSi moqmede-
basTan mimarTebaSi, yovelTvis wamoiwevs xolme sakiTxi _
saproceso kanons aqvs Tu ara ukuqceviTi Zala, e.i. vr-
celdeba Tu ara igi im urTierTobebze da faqtebze, rom-
lebsac adgili hqondaT mis ZalaSi Sesvlamde. amasTan
dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis mesame muxlis meore nawili, Semdeg ganmartebas
iZleva: `sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonSi Setanili
cvlilebebi iwvevs winaT gamotanili saproceso aqtis
gauqmebas an Secvlas, Tu amiT umjobesdeba eWvmitanilis,
braldebulis, gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis mdgomareoba~.
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saproceso kanons ukuqcevi-
Ti Zala mxolod da mxolod im gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi
aqvs, rodesac saproceso kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebi
iwvevs winaT gamotanili saproceso aqtis gauqmebas an
Secvlas da amiT umjobesdeba eWvmitanilis, braldebulis,
gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis mdgomareoba. ase magaliTad,
moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi sawyis
etapze iTvaliswinebda saqmis gamoZiebisas braldebulis 3
TviT patimrobas. SemdegSi, rodesac sssk-is 162-e muxlSi
cvlileba ganxorcielda braldebulis patimrobis vada 2
TviT ganisazRvra. Tu piri braldebulis saxiT dapatimre-
buli iyo aRniSnul muxlSi cvlilebebis Setanamde da
Sefardebuli hqonda 3 TviT patimroba, masze unda gavr-
108 109
celdes cvlilebis Semdeg miRebuli patimrobis 2 Tviani
vada. an/da moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi
iTvaliswinebda eWvmitanilis uflebas Sexvedroda damcvels
marto, dReSi ara umetes erTi saaTisa. magram mas Semdeg,
rodesac sssk-is 73-e muxlis pirveli nawilis d) punqtSi
cvlileba Sevida, eWvmitanils ufleba mieca pirispir
marto Sexvedrisa damcvelTan, Sexvedris raodenobisa da
xangrZlivobis SeuzRudavad. Tu piri eWvmitanilis saxiT
dakavebuli iyo aRniSnul muxlSi cvlilebebis Setanamde,
da mas mouswro cvlilebam 73-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
d) punqtSi, masze unda gavrceldes cvlilebis Semdeg
miRebuli ufleba Sexvdes damcvels marto pirispir, Sex-
vedris raodenobisa da xangrZlivobis SeuzRudavad. Tu
aRniSnuli cvlilebiT umjobesdeba dazaralebulis, samo-
qalaqo mosarCelis mdgomareoba gamodis saproceso kanons
maSin ar miecema ukuqceviTi Zala.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis droSi moqmede-
bas unda daukavSiroT saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi xarvez-
is arsebobis sakiTxic. sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praq-
tikaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas iseTi viTareba, rodesac samarT-
lebrivi TvalsazrisiT gansaxilveli da gadasawyveti
sakiTxi ar iyos gaTvaliswinebuli da mowesrigebuli sap-
roceso samarTlis arcerT normaSi. sakiTxi ki iTxovs
mowesrigebas, rogori moviqceT mivmarToT saproceso
kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebas? dasaSvebia igi sisxlis
samarTlis procesSi? amasTan dakavSirebiT pasuxs iZleva
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis meS-
vide muxlis meoTxe nawili, sadac naTqvamia: `kanonmde-
blobaSi xarvezebis arsebobisas dasaSvebia sisxlis samar-
Tlis saproceso kanonis analogiiT gamoyeneba, Tu amiT ar
ilaxeba adamianis uflebebi~. maSasadame, sisxlis samarTlis
procesi uSvebs gauTvaliswinebeli saproceso urTierTobis
samarTlebrivi mowesrigebisaTvis gamoyenebuli iqnes yve-
laze ufro msgavsi urTierTobis momwesrigebeli norma,
Tu amasTan erTad ar ilaxeba adamianis uflebebi.
garda amisa aris meore SezRudvac, romlis Sesaxebac
kanonmdebeli saubrobs saqarTvelos sssk-is 133-e muxlis
meore nawilSi: ̀ sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi iZuleb-
is gamoyenebisas analogiis an kanonis ganvrcobiTi gan-
marteba dauSvebelia~. kanonmdeblis aseTi imperatiuli
akrZalva gasagebia, rameTu sisxlis saproceso samarT-
lebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebis gamoyeneba niSnavs ra adami-
anis ama Tu im ZiriTadi uflebis SezRudvas, nebadarTuli
unda iyos mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.
Tu danaSaulis simZimis xarisxidan gamomdinare kanoni ar
iTvaliswinebs piris mimarT iseTi aRmkveTi RonisZiebis
gamoyenebas, rogoricaa patimroba, igi ar unda iqnes gamoy-
enebuli. magaliTad, cemisa da janmrTelobis ganzrax msub-
uqi dazianebis dros.
$2. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis $2. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis
moqmedeba sivrceSimoqmedeba sivrceSi
rodesac vexebiT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis
moqmedebas sivrceSi, wina planze wamoiwevs teritoriulo-
bis principi. es principi Cadebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis meoTxe muxlis pirvel
nawilSi, sadac naTqvamia: `danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis
miuxedavad, sisxlis samarTlis procesi saqarTvelos
teritoriaze xorcieldeba saqarTvelos konstituciisa da
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis
110 111
Sesabamisad~. aRniSnuli normis Sinaarsi saubrobs saqarT-
velos konstituciasTan erTad sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kanonmdeblobis iuridiul Zalaze konkretulad
gansazRvrul geografiul sivrceSi. kerZod miuxedavad
imisa, saqarTvelos teritoriis romel nawilSi iqneba
danaSauli Cadenili samarTalwarmoeba ganxorcieldeba
saqarTvelos konstituciisa da saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-
marTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.
magram, naTeli rom iyos saproceso kanonis sivrceSi
moqmedebis sakiTxi, mizanSewonilia ganisazRvros, Tu ra
moiazreba cnebaSi `teritoria~. mas miekuTvneba: qveynis
mTeli miwis teritoria (xmeleTi) saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
sazRvris farglebSi; teritoriuli sanapiro wylebi (e.i.
garkveuli siganis zRvis zoli), Sinagani nacionaluri
wylebi (mdinareebi, tbebi, xelovnuri wyalsacavebi da a.S.);
miwis wiaRi saxelmwifos sazRvrebis farglebSi; sahaero
sivrce saqarTvelos saxelmwifos miwisa da wylis teri-
toriis zeviT.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriad iTvleba saqarT-
velos droSiT an amosacnobi niSniT saqarTvelos farglebs
gareT myofi sahaero Tu sazRvao xomaldi. aRniSnul xomal-
debze Tu Cadenili iqna danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRm-
dego qmedeba, samarTalwarmoebis dros gamoyenebuli iqneba
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba,
Tu saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiTa da SeT-
anxmebiT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili. ra vigulisxmoT
kanonmdeblis am bolo gamonaTqvamSi. moviyvanoT aseTi
magaliTi: qarTuli gemi imyofeba TurqeTis navsadgurSi da
gemze moxda danaSauli. Tu saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis
saxelmwifoebs Soris dadebuli iqneba saerTaSoriso
xelSekruleba imis Taobaze, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi saqarT-
velos gemze danaSaulis Cadenisas gavrceldes mxolod
TurqeTis iurisdiqcia, gamoyenebuli iqneba TurqeTis sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba da ara saqarT-
velosi.
saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-
marTlis kanoni aRiarebs ̀ sayovelTaobis~ anu ̀ suyvelgano-
bis~ princips. romlis mixedviTac qarTul gemze, romelic
imyofeba TurqeTis navsadgurSi da masze moxda danaSauli,
am qmedebis mimarT gavrceldeba rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve
TurqeTis iurisdiqcia. e.i. damnaSaves, Tavisi sisxlis sa-
marTlis kanonisa da saproceso kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebiT
gaasamarTlebs is saxelmwifo, romelsac xelSi Cauvardeba
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni1.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-
bloba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ucxo saxelmwifos
teritoriazedac, Tu es gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba saerTa-
Soriso xelSekrulebiTa da SeTanxmebiT.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo teritoriad iTvleba, aseve
misi saelCos teritoria ucxo saxelmwifoSi, romelzedac
vrceldeba saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia. Tu, saqarTvelos
moqalaqe, romelic diplomatiuri imunitetiT sargeblobs,
agreTve sazRvargareT myofi misi ojaxis wevrebi Caidenen
danaSauls da nebayoflobiT ar daTanxmdebian adgilsamyo-
feli qveynis kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebaze, maTze gavrcel-
deba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-
bloba.
gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, Tu es gaTvaliswinebulia
saqarTvelosa da romelime ucxo saxelmwifos Soris dade-
buli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT an SeTanxmebiT, saqarT-
1 m. turava, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2002
w. gv. 16.
112 113
velos teritoriaze ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlosa Tu
sagamoZiebo organoebis SuamdgomlobiT garkveuli sasa-
marTlo Tu sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis dros SeiZle-
ba gamoynebul iqnes ucxo saxelmwifos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanonmdebloba. amasTan unda gvaxsovdes, rom
sasamarTlo moqmdeba Catardeba saqarTvelos iusticiis
ministris davalebiT, xolo sagamoZiebo moqmedeba Sesrul-
deba saqarTvelos generaluri prokuroris an mis mier
saamiso uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili prokuroris
davalebiT.
$3. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis $3. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis
moqmdeba ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da moqmdeba ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da
moqalaqeobis armqone pirTa mimarTmoqalaqeobis armqone pirTa mimarT
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoni vrceldeba
rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqeebze, ise ucxo saxelmwifos
moqalaqeebze da moqalaqeobis armqone pirebzec.
ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqeebidan unda gamovyoT is
pirebi da maTi ojaxis wevrebi, romlebic sargebloben
diplomatiuri imunitetiT. aseTi CamonaTvali mocemulia
saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv aqtebSi. maT Soris venis 1961
wlis saerTaSoriso konvenciaSi diplomatiur urTierTo-
baTa Sesaxeb, aseve venis 1962 wlis konvenciaSi sakonsulo
urTierTobaTa Sesaxeb, venis 1975 wlis konvenciaSi uni-
versaluri xasiaTis saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan saxelm-
wifoTa warmomadgenlobis Sesaxeb. aseTi uflebis matareb-
el pirebad SeiZleba davasaxeloT diplomatiuri warmo-
madgenlobis xelmZRvanelebi, elCebi, despanebi, saelCoTa
mrCevlebi, maTi ojaxis wevrebi, ucxo saxelmwifoTa me-
Taurebi sxva saxelmwifoSi oficialuri vizitiT yofnisas,
saparlamento da samTavrobo delegaciebis wevrebi da zo-
gierTi sxva. diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone pirebisa da
maTi ojaxis wevrebis mimarT saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso
moqmedeba tardeba mxolod maTi TxovniT an TanxmobiT.
dauSvebelia aRniSnul pirTa dakaveba, moyvana, dapatimreba.
saproceso moqmedebaTa Catarebis Sesaxeb Txovna an Tanx-
moba, diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone pirebisagan gamoTx-
ovil unda iqnes saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros
meSveobiT. aseve, diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobis mier
dakavebul SenobaSi da teritoriaze daTvaliereba, Cxreka,
amoReba da sxva saproceso moqmedeba tardeba mxolod
diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobis meTauris TxovniT an Tanx-
mobiT, es Txovna an Tanxmoba gamoTxovil unda iqnes saqarT-
velos sagareo saqmeTa saministros meSveobiT. diplomati-
uri warmomadgenlobis mier dakavebul SenobaSi daTvaliere-
bis, Cxrekis, amoRebis Tu sxva saproceso moqmedebis
Catarebisas monawileobas unda iRebdes prokurori da
saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros warmomadgeneli.
SevexeT ra ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqeTa diploma-
tiur imunitets saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kanonmdeblobis gavrcelebis kuTxiT, mizanSewonilia
aqve gamovyoT saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa garkveuli wre,
romlebic maRali Tanamdebobis gamo garkveuli privilegie-
biT sargebloben. am maRali Tanamdebobis pirebs miekuT-
vnebian: saqarTvelos prezidenti, saqarTvelos parlamentis
wevri, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevri,
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos wevri da saqarTvelos
sxva saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarTle, saqarTvelos kon-
trolis palatis Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos saxalxo dam-
114 115
cveli. aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis pirebis privilegiebiT
aRWurva ganpirobebulia imiT, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnes
saxelisuflebo Stos damoukidebloba, romlebsac isini
warmoadgenen, da aqedan gamomdinare Seiqmnas normaluri
pirobebi Sesabamisi saxelmwifo funqciis efeqturad ganx-
orcielebisaTvis. maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis privilegie-
biT aRWurva sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom Tu isini danaSauls
Caidenen dausjelni darCebian. aq saubaria aRniSnuli pire-
bis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis, da-
patimrebisa da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso iZulebis
sxva RonisZiebis gamoyenebis im gansakuTrebul wesze,
romelic gamokveTa kanonmdebelma saqarTvelos konstitu-
ciaSi, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kode-
qsSi da sxva kanonebSi.
ase magaliTad, saqarTvelos konstituciis 75-e muxli
SeniSnavs, rom: saqarTvelos prezidenti xelSeuvalia.
Tanamdebobaze yofnis dros ar SeiZleba misi dapatimreba
an sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema. saqarTvelos
sssk-is 144-e muxlic dasZens, rom: saqarTvelos preziden-
tis dakaveba maSinac ki ar daiSveba, Tundac mas waaswron
danaSaulis Cadenisas an CadenisTanave. saqarTvelos prezi-
dentis xelSeuvalobis garantia ar niSnavs imas, rom Tu
igi Caidens danaSauls mas pasuxismgebloba ar daekisreba.
ra Tqma unda mas pasuxismgebloba daekisreba, magram saubar-
ia pasuxismgeblobis gansakuTrebul wesze, romelic gan-
sazRvrulia saqarTvelos konstituciis 63-e muxliT,
kerZod, Tu saqarTvelos prezidenti daarRvevs konstitu-
cias, Caidens danaSauls, misi Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis
sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs parlamentis sruli Semad-
genlobis aranakleb erT mesameds. sakiTxi daskvnisaTvis
gadaecema uzenaes sasamarTlos an sakonstitucio sasamarT-
los. Tu uzenaesma sasamarTlom Tavisi daskvniT daadas-
tura prezidentis qmedebaSi danaSaulis Semadgenlobis
arseboba, an sakonstitucio sasamarTlom-konstituciis
darRveva, daskvnis ganxilvis Semdeg parlamenti sruli
Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT iRebs gadawyvetilebas, rom
kenWisyraze daisvas impiCmentis wesiT Tanamdebobidan pr-
ezidentis gadayenebis sakiTxi. prezidenti impiCmentis
wesiT Tanamdebobidan gadayenebulad CaiTvleba, Tu am gad-
awyvetilebas mxari dauWira parlamentis sruli Semadgen-
lobis aranakleb orma mesamedma.
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrs, isic
Tavisi uflebamosilebis periodSi sargeblobs garkveuli
privilegiebiT. kerZod, Tu ar iqna saqarTvelos parlamen-
tis Tanxmoba, ar daiSveba parlamentis wevris dakaveba an
dapatimreba, misi binis, manqanis, samuSao adgilis an pi-
radi gaCxreka. gamonaklisia danaSaulis faqtze waswreba,
aseT SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri SeiZleba
dakavebul iqnes da wardgenili policiis dawesebulebaSi
an sxva samarTaldamcav organoSi. magram misi dakavebis
Taobaze dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos parlaments. Tu par-
lamenti ar miscems Tanxmobas parlamentis wevris dakave-
bis Taobaze, igi dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes.
xelSeuxeblobis uflebiT sargeblobs mosamarTle. es
iqneba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos wevri, sakonsti-
tucio sasamarTlos wevri Tu saqarTvelos sxva saerTo
sasamarTlos mosamarTle mniSvneloba ara aqvs. ar daiS-
veba dasaxelebuli sasamarTlo rgolebis mosamarTleTa
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema, dakaveba an dapa-
timreba, maTi binis, manqanis, samuSao adgilis an piradi
gaCxreka, Tu ar iqneba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
wevrze da saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarTleze saqarTvelos
116 117
uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris Tanxmoba, xolo sa-
konstitucio sasamarTlos wevrze saqarTvelos sakonsti-
tucio sasamarTlos Tanxmoba. gamonaklisia mosamarTleTa
danaSaulis faqtze waswreba, aseT SemTxvevaSi dauyovnebliv
unda ecnobos Sesabamisad saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-
los Tavmjdomares an saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasa-
marTlos. Tu isini ar miscemen Tanxmobas dakavebuli an
gnebavT dapatimrebuli saqarTvelos uzanaesi sasamarTlos
wevri an saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarTle an/da sakonsti-
tucio sasamarTlos wevri dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisu-
fldes.
privilegiebiT sargebloben aseve saqarTvelos kontro-
lis palatis Tavmjdomare da saqarTvelos saxalxo dam-
cveli. maTzec iseTive wesebi vrceldeba, rogoric zemoT
dasaxelebul maRali Tanamdebobis pirebze. maTi dakavebis
an dapatimrebis Tu sxva saxis sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze Tanxmoba
miRebuli unda iyos saqarTvelos parlamentisagan.
Tavi IVTavi IV
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis
cneba da sistemacneba da sistema
cnobilia, rom kanonebi legitimuria anu maT aqvT sa-
marTlebrivi Sinaarsi imdenad, ramdenadac isini pasuxoben
samarTlis principebis moTxovnebs. isini ubralo iuridiuli
ideebi ki ar aris, aramed samarTlisa da samarTlianobis
zogadsavaldebulo, obieqturad aucilebeli kriteriumebi.
`principi~ laTinuri sityvaa da ZiriTad debulebas,
sawyiss niSnavs. principebi garkveuli periodis manZilze
arsebobdnen Teoriulad gaucnobiereblad. droTa ganmav-
lobaSi isini gamoeyvnen samarTals rogorc gansazRvruli
iuridiuli ideebi da maTi ganmtkiceba moxda kanonSi sa-
marTlebrivi wanamZRvrebis saxiT. saTanado aRiarebis mop-
ovebis Semdeg aRniSnulma ideebma SeiZines SedarebiTi
damoukidebloba da amJamad warmoadgenen moqmedi kanonmde-
blobis Tavisebur barometrs.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi aris umniS-
vnelovanesi debulebebi, romlebic gansazRvraven procesis
mTel sistemas, misi stadiebis Sinaarsa da formas, mis
bunebasa da daniSnulebas. isini uzrunvelyofen samarTal-
warmoebis amocanebis warmatebiT gadawyvetas.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi SeiZleba gan-
isazRvros rogorc konstituciiTa da kanonebiT ganmtkice-
buli fuZemdebluri samarTlebrivi ideebi, romlebic gan-
sazRvraven rogorc mTeli procesis, aseve misi calkeuli
institutebis arssa da mniSvnelobas.
118 119
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebs axasiaTebs
garkveuli niSnebi: a) sisxlis samarTlis procesis princ-
ipebs aqvT obieqturi xasiaTi. maTSi asaxulia samarTlebri-
vi da zneobrivi ideebi, rac dominirebs sazogadoebaSi; b)
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi warmoadgenen
saxelmZRvanelo debulebebs. yvela maTgani savaldebuloa
procesis mwarmoebeli organosaTvis da samarTalwarmoe-
baSi monawile sxva pirebisaTvis. garda amisa, aRniSnuli
principebi warmoadgenen saxelmZRvanelos kanonmdeblisaT-
visac, radgan axali kanonis miRebisas kanonmdebeli valde-
bulia gaiTvaliswinos isini da uzrunvelyos axali kanonis
debulebebis Sesabamisoba am pripcipebTan; g) sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis principebi ganmtkicebulia kanonSi, maT
aqvT zusti formulireba da imperatiuli xasiaTi.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis umravlesoba
mocemulia saqarTvelos konstituciaSi (amitom maT xSir-
ad konstituciur principebs uwodeben), saqarTvelos or-
ganul kanonSi saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb (ris gamoc
maT xSirad marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis principebs
uwodeben), saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsSi (amitom maT sisxlis samarTlis procesis princ-
ipebs uwodeben) da mTel rig saerTaSoriso-samarTlebriv
aqtebSi.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi qmnian erTian
sistemas. marTalia, yvela princips aqvs Tavisi Sinaarsi,
magram isini moqmedeben erTmaneTTan kavSirSi. TiToeuli
principi warmoadgens sxva principis ganxorcielebis ga-
rantias. isini xSirad erTmaneTs avseben da ganapirobeben.
am sistemaSi Sedis: kanoniereba da adamianis bunebiTi ufle-
bebi; sasamarTlo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukide-
bloba; Tanasworoba kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe;
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia; eWvmitanilis, braldebulisa
da gansasjelis dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofa; pirovnebis
xelSeuxebloba, misi pativisa da Rirsebis dacva; piradi
cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba; sajarooba da dispoziciuroba;
sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiToba; saproceso
SeTanxmeba; sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqveynooba; sisx-
lis samarTlis procesis ena; saqmis garemoebTa yovelmxri-
vi, obieqturi da sruli gamokvleva; mtkicebulebaTa Se-
faseba Sinagani rwmeniT; sisxlis samarTlis procesis
uSualoba da zepiroba; saproceso moqmedebisa da gadaw-
yvetilebis gasaCivrebis Tavisufleba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom principebis roli yvelaze ufro re-
liefurad aris gamoxatuli SejibrebiT samarTalwarmoe-
baSi. aRniSnul sistemaSi Semavali principebi yvela ar aris
TanabarmniSvnelovani. arsebobs zogadsamarTlebrivi, uni-
versaluri tipologiuri da instituciuri principebi.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesis me-6 muxlis
Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis process safuZvlad udevs
kanonierebis, pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis, misi Rirsebis
pativiscemis, humanizmis, demokratiulobis, samarTliano-
bisa da Tanasworuflebianobis zogadsamarTlebrivi princ-
ipebi. dasaxelebuli zogadsamarTlebrivi principebidan,
SeiZleba iTqvas, gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia kanoniere-
bis princips, radgan igi warmoadgens sxva principebis
Sinaarsis ganmsazRvrels. kanonierebis cneba emTxveva sasa-
marTlo proceduris samarTlianobis moTxovnebs, warmoad-
gens erTgvar veqtors.
rac Seexeba universalur tipologiur sawyisebs isini
uSualod Seadgenen SejibrebiTobis arss. isini akontrole-
ben samarTalwarmoebis yvela institutebs da amitom maT-
Tvis gverdis axveva yovelTvis xdis process araSejibre-
120 121
biTs. aseT sawyisebs warmoadgens mosamarTleTa damoukide-
blobisa da mxareTa Tanasworobis principebi, eWvmitanilis,
braldebulis, dacvis uflebiT uzrunvelyofa. maT gareSe
samarTliani SejibrebiToba ubralod SeuZlebelia. magram
arian principebi, romlebic warmoiSobian tipologiuri
sawyisebisagan da maTi moqmedebis sfero SedarebiT Sez-
Rudulia. isini marTaven samarTalwarmoebis ara yvela
instituts, aramed mxolod calkeul maTgans. isini Sei-
Zleba davaxasiaToT rogorc samarTalwarmoebis instituci-
uri principebi. maT miekuTvneba: sasamarTlo ganxilvis
uSualoba da zepiroba; mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba Sinagani
rwmeniT. rac Seexeba SejibrebiTobis princips, igi war-
moadgens sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela principis
zogad, saerTo safuZvels. SejibrebiToba principi ar aris
mxolod, aramed es aris samarTalwarmoebis tipi. amitom
procesis yvela princips aqvs SejibrebiTi Sinaarsi an
ganicdis mis gavlenas.
ganvixiloT sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi
cal-calke.
1. kanoniereba da adamianis bunebiTi uflebebi.1. kanoniereba da adamianis bunebiTi uflebebi.
kanoniereba aris universaluri zogadsamarTlebrivi
principi. igi gulisxmobs saxelmwifo organoebis, sazoga-
doebrivi, kerZo, komerciuli, kooperatiuli organizacie-
bis, Tanamdebobis pirebisa da calkeuli moqalaqeebis mier
saqarTvelos konstituciis, sxva kanonebis da kanonqvemde-
bare aqtebis ganuxrel Sesrulebas.
kanonierebis principis Sinaarsi moicavs kanonis uzen-
aesobas da savaldebulobas. Tavis mxriv, kanonis uzenae-
sobis uzrunvelyofa saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi cx-
ovrebis yvela sferoSi SesaZlebelia mxolod da mxolod
kanonierebis principis Tanmimdevruli gatarebis pirobeb-
Si.
zogadsamarTlebrivi mniSvnelobis garda mocemuli
principi sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi specifikuri sapro-
ceso Sinaarsis matarebelia. danaSaulis gaxsna, braleuli
piris mxileba, mis mimarT samarTliani sasjelis daniSvna,
udanaSaulo piris msjavrdebis dauSvebloba, moqalaqeTa
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva sisxlis samarTal-
warmoebaSi SesaZlebelia mxolod da mxolod kanonierebis
principis umkacresi dacvis pirobebSi.
aRniSnuli principi ganmtkicebulia saqarTvelos sssk
me-7 muxlSi da misi arsi gamoixateba moTxovnaSi zustad
da ganuxrelad iyos Sesrulebuli saqarTvelos konsti-
tucia, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi da sxva
kanonebi gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis, fizikuri
da iuridiuli pirebis da sisxlis samarTlis procesis
sxva monawileTa mier.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo
ganxilvis wesi dadgenilia saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT. aRniSnuli wesi saqarTvelos
mTel teritoriaze erTiani da savaldebuloa procesis
yvela monawilisaTvis. kanoni ara mxolod avaldebulebs
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis monawileebs, procesis mwar-
moebel organos daicvan kanonis moTxovnebi, aramed miu-
TiTebs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul pasuxismgeblobazec da
ukanono saproceso aqtis gauqmebaze saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciisa da saproceso kanonmdeblobis darRvevis SemTx-
vevaSi.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi kanonierebis principi
ufro konkretulad gulisxmobs procesis mwarmoebeli
organos Tanamdebobis pirTa movaleobas saqmis warmoebisas
122 123
ganuxrelad daicvan kanonis moTxovnebi procesis nebismier
stadiaze, saproceso moqmedebebi ganaxorcielon kanonis
safuZvelze da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso for-
miT, TavianT gadawyvetilebebs safuZvlad daudon materi-
aluri da saproceso kanonis normebi, ar gadauxvion kanonis
moTxovnas saproceso iZulebiTi RonisZiebis Sefardebisas,
mtkiced daicvan mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebisa da damagrebis
saproceso wesi, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisas ar
dauSvan kanonis darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebulebebis
gamoyeneba.
winaswar gamoZiebaSi kanonierebis principis dacva, up-
irveles yovlisa, gulisxmobs danaSaulis swraf da srul
gaxsnas, braleuli piris mxilebas, mis micemas pasuxisge-
baSi braldebulis saxiT, yvela saWiro saproceso moqmede-
bis Catarebas mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebisa da gamokvlevis
mizniT, konkretul pirTa cnobas dazaralebulad, samo-
qalaqo mosarCeled, samoqalaqo mopasuxed, maTTvis ufle-
ba-movaleobebis ganmartebas da am ufleba-movaleobaTa
realizaciis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofas.
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisas kanonierebis prin-
cipis dacva gulisxmobs sasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxil-
vas kanonis safuZvelze da kanonis Sesabamisad. cxadia, am
moTxovnis Sesrulebis gareSe saerTod marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebaze saubari zedmetia. am principis dacviT
xorcieldeba saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgena da kanonieri,
dasabuTebuli, samarTliani gadawyvetilebis gamotana.
kanonierebis principidan gamomdinare saqarTvelos
saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb organuli kanonis me-7
muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle miva
im daskvnamde, rom mis mier gamosayenebeli saproceso
kanoni arakonstituciuria, igi uflebamosilia SeaCeros
saqmis ganxilva da mimarTos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis arakonstituciurad
cnoba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos prerogativaa. sisxlis
samarTlebrivi devna sasamarTloSi Cerdeba sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos mier saboloo gadawvetilebis miRebamde.
maraTalia, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi
aregulirebs saproceso samarTlebriv urTierTobebs, magram
ar aris gamoricxuli praqtikaSi aRmoCndes iseTi urTier-
Toba,. romelic ar aris mowesrigebuli saproceso normebiT.
am SemTxvevaSi kanoni uSvebs analogiis gamoyenebas, Tu amiT
ar ilaxeba adamianis uflebebi. amasTan saqarTvelos ssskð_
133-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad analogiis gamoyeneba
ar daiSveba sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi iZulebis
RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebisas. sakiTxis amgvari gadawyveta
kanonmdeblis mier savsebiT marTebulia, radgan saproceso
kanonmdeblobiT zogjer izRudeba adamianis bunebiTi ufle-
bebi. aRniSnuli SezRudvebi zustad aris dadgenili kanoniT
da kanoniTvea gansazRvruli maTi gamoyenebis wesi. amitom
metad mniSvnelovania adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa
da Tavisuflebebis SezRudva ganxorcieldes saproceso
kanonis umkacresi dacvis pirobebSi.
danaSaulis gaxsna da braleul pirTa mxileba sisxlis
samarTlis procesSi xorcieldeba mtkicebulebebis meSveo-
biT, romlebic kanoniT dadgenili wesiT aris mopovebuli.
kanonis darRveviT miRebul mtkicebulebebs ki iuridiuli
Zala ara aqvs. kanonis darRveviT miRebulad iTvleba mt-
kicebulebebi, romlebic mopovebulia im piris mier, visac
ara aqvs uflebamosileba Sekribos isini, aseve Tu mtkice-
bulebebi miRebulia kanoniT gauTvaliswinebeli wyarodan,
an miRebulia ZaladobiT, muqariT, motyuebiT, SantaJis da
sxva ukanono meTodebis gamoyenebiT. aseTi gziT mopovebu-
124 125
li mtkicebulebebi dauSveblad miiCneva.
kanonierebis principi sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxva
principebTan imyofeba zogadisa da kerZos TanafardobaSi.
yvela principi da TiToeuli cal-calke emsaxureba kanonie-
rebis pirdapir da uSualod uzrunvelyofas da TiToeuli
principis darRveva warmoadgens (gulisxmobs) kanonierebis
principis darRvevas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kanoniereba yov-
lismomcveli principia da mas gansakuTrebuli adgili
ukavia sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi moqmed zogadsamarT-
lebriv principebs Soris.
2. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukide-2. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukide-
bloba.bloba.
sasamarTlo xelisufleba saxelmwifo xelisuflebis
erT-erTi saxea. igi xorcieldeba konstituciuri kontro-
lis, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis da kanoniT dadge-
nili sxva formebis meSveobiT.
sasamarTlo xelisufleba gamoxatavs saxelmwifos nebas.
radganac saxelmwifo xelisuflebis wyaroa xalxi (saqarT-
velos konstituciis me-5 muxli), sasamarTlo xelisufle-
ba aris xalxis suverenuli nebis gamoxatuleba. sasamarT-
lo asrulebs saxelisuflebo uflebamosilebas. mas gad-
awyvetileba gamoaqvs saqarTvelos saxeliT. sasamarTlo
xelisuflebis konstituciuri roli vlindeba iuridiuli
xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi, gansxvavebiT politikuri
xelisuflebisagan, romelsac ganasaxiereben xelisuflebis
danarCeni ganStoebebi. sasamarTlo xelisufleba sakanonm-
deblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis winaSe angariS-
valdebuli ar aris. saqarTvelos konstituciis 82-e mux-
lis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo xelisufleba damoukidebelia
da mas axorcieleben mxolod sasamarTloebi.
sasamarTlos xelisuflebis uflebamosilebaSi Sedis
saxelmwifo organoTa da Tanamdebobis pirTa gadawyvetile-
bebisa da moqmedebebis kanonierebasa da dasabuTebulobaze
kontroli sasamarTloSi maTi gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi. cx-
adia, sasamarTlo kontroli xorcieldeba winaswar gamoZie-
baSic sxvadasxva formiT. kerZod, mxolod mosamarTlis
gadawyvetilebiT aris SesaZlebeli winaswar gamoZiebaSi
piris mimarT iseTi sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi
iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, romlebic zRudaven piris
konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs. sasamarTlo
kontrolis erT-erT formas warmoadgens aseve gamoZiebis
an prokuroris moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis kanonierebis
Semowmeba maTi sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi.
sasamarTlo xelisuflebis umTavresi funqcia marTlm-
sajulebis ganxorcielebaa. mas axorcieleben saerTo sasa-
marTloebi. swored isini arian uflebamosilni damnaSaved
scnon piri da dauniSnon mas sasjeli, xolo marTlsawi-
naaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni piris mimarT gamoiyenon samedi-
cino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZieba.
sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukidebloba uzrunve-
lyofilia marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis kanoniT
dadgenili saproceso formiT, rac niSnavs imas, rom mar-
Tlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis TviT proceduram unda
uzrunvelyos mosamarTlis Tavisufleba nebismieri zemoq-
medebis da zegavlenis miuxedavad. sasamarTlo ganxilvis
saproceso wesebis dacva uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlo gad-
awyvetilebaTa kanonierebas, dasabuTebulobas da samar-
Tlianobas, procesis monawileTa uflebebisa da interese-
bis dacvas. arc erT saxelmwifo organos da Tanamdebobis
pirs ufleba ara aqvs zedamxedveloba gauwios sasamarTlos
da mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas. sasamarTlo gadaw-
126 127
yvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SesaZlebelia mx-
olod sasamarTlo wesiT.
evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis
13 oqtombers miRebuli mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis,
efeqtianobisa da rolis Sesaxeb N 12 rekomendaciis Tanax-mad, amnistiis, Sewyalebis an msgavsi SemTxvevebis garda
xelisuflebas an administracias ar unda SeeZlos raime
iseTi gadawyvetilebis miReba, romelic gauqmebs sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilebas ukuZaliT.
saqarTvelos sssk me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad, mosamarTle
damoukidebelia da emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos kon-
stituciasa da kanonebs.
mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba SesaZlebelia maTi mx-
olod kanonisadmi damorCilebis pirobebSi. saqmis ganxil-
visas wamoWril yvela sakiTxs mosamarTle wyvets mxolod
kanonis safuZvelze, Sinagani rwmenis Tanaxmad, romelic
mas uyalibdeba saqmis garemoebebis srulyofili, yovelmxri-
vi da obieqturi gamokvlevisa da mtkicebulebaTa Sefase-
bis Sedegad. mosamarTle ar aris damokidebuli winaswar
gamoZiebaSi gamomZieblisa da prokuroris mier gakeTebul
daskvnebze, iseve rogorc ar aris damokidebuli saqmis
ganxilvisas mxareTa mier gamoTqmul mosazrebebze.
sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukidebloba gansazRvravs
sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloSi mosamarTleTa urT-
ierTdamokidebulebas. I instanciis sasamarTlo ar aris
damokidebuli sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlos daskvnebze,
roca uzenaesi sasamarTlo abrunebs saqmes xelaxali sasa-
marTlo ganxilvisaTvis. igi damoukidebelia ara mxolod
mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis, aramed sisxlis samarTlis
kanonis gamoyenebisa da sasjelis daniSvnis sakiTxSic.
sakiTxis sxvagvari gadawyveta gamoiwvevda zemdgomi sasa-
marTlos gadawyvetilebisaTvis normatiuli aqtis Zalis
miniWebas.
mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba unda iyos uzrunvelyo-
fili ara mxolod instituciurad, garedan Carevis akrZal-
viT, aramed Signidan personaluri Tavisuflebis garantie-
biT. sasamarTlo kolegiis yoveli mosamarTle gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebisas uflebamosilia Tavisuflad gamoxatos
Tavisi mosazreba yvela gansaxilvel sakiTxze. miRebul
gadawyvetilebasTan uTanxmoebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia gamox-
atos Tavisi gansakuTrebuli azri werilobiT da daurTos
saqmes. mosamarTle Tu Rebulobda monawileobas erT in-
stanciaSi igive saqmis ganxilvisas mas ufleba ara aqvs
monawileoba miiRos sxva instanciaSi, radgan is ar unda
iyos SeboWili sakuTari STabeWdilebebiT, mis mier adre
gamoxatuli mosazrebebiT am saqmis gamo.
sasamarTlo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukide-
bloba marTlmsajulebis samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofis
winapirobaa. misi Sinaarsi Rrmad demokratiuli, zneobrivi
da humanuria. mosamarTlem gadawyvetileba unda miiRos
kanonisa da Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze, miukerZoeblad
saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrdnobiT.
am principis Sesruleba SeuZliaT mosamarTleebs, rom-
lebic gamoirCevian maRali profesionalizmiT da gansa-
kuTrebuli zneobriv-fsiqologiuri TvisebebiT _ simam-
aciT, xasiaTis simtkiciT, samarTlianobis maRali grZnobiT,
sakuTari damoukideblobis gacnobierebiT, raTa win aR-
udgnen nebismier zemoqmedebas da TavianTi movaleoba Sea-
srulon ise, rogorc amis moiTxovs kanoni da Sinagani
sindisis xma.
mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis garantiebi gansaz-
Rvrulia saqarTvelos konstituciiT, organuli kanoniT
128 129
saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb, organuli kanoniT `uzen-
aesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~.
mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba garantirebulia mosa-
marTleTa korpusis formirebisa da maTi ganTavisuflebis
gansakuTrebuli wesiT; mosamarTleTa xelSeuxeblobiT;
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi Carevis akrZalviT;
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis kanoniT dadgenili pro-
ceduriT; sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis miRebis saidumloe-
bis da misi gaxmaurebis dauSveblobis dacviT; mosa m a rTleTa
upativcemulobis gamo pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebiT; mosa-
marTleTa maRali statusis Sesabamisi materialuri da
socialuri uzrunvelyofiT; mosamarTleTa usafrTxoebis
saxelmwifo dacviT; mosamarTleTa saqmianobisaTvis aucile-
beli organizaciul-teqnikuri da sainformacio pirobebis
SeqmniT; mosamarTleTa TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis
sistemiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom SemuSavebulia sasamarTlo reformis
koncefcia, sadac miTiTebulia, rom konstituciaSi unda
aisaxos sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli Stoebis formire-
bis, marTvis, uflebamosilebis Sewyvetisa da sxva sakiTx-
ebis msgavsad mosamarTleTa Seucvlelobis principi, sasa-
marTlo xelisuflebis marTvis organos iusticiis umaR-
lesi sabWos Seqmnis wesi da funqciebi, sasamarTlo wyo-
bilebis Secvlis safuZvlebi, mosamarTleTa finansuri
uzrunvelyofisa da sasamarTloTa finansuri damoukide-
blobis garantiebi.
3) Tanasworoba kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe3) Tanasworoba kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe
es principi zogadsamarTlebrivi principia. igi ganmt-
kicebulia konstituciis me-14 muxlSi, romlis Tanaxmadac
yvela adamiani dabadebiT Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe
Tanasworia ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqe-
sisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa,
erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmo-
Sobisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli
adgilisa.
aRniSnuli principi moqmedebs srulad sisxlis samar-
TalwarmoebaSi. marTalia, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ar
arsebobs pirovnebis erTiani statusi. saqmeSi monawile
TiToeul pirs aqvs gansazRvruli saproceso statusi da
igi ganisazRvreba ara qonebrivi, socialuri da sxva faq-
torebiT, aramed imis mixedviT Tu romeli subieqtis
uflebebiT aris is aRWurvili, anu ra ufleba-movaleobe-
bis matarebelia, kerZod, braldebulis, dazaralebulis,
damcvelis, mowmis da a.S.
kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis principis
saerTaSoriso bazas warmoadgens adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
sayovelTao deklaraciis me-7 da me-8 muxlebi, romlebic
faqtobrivad asaxulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-
eqsis me-9 muxlis SinaarsSi. am muxlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad, yvela Tanasworia kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe.
rasis, erovnebis, enis, sqesis, socialuri warmoSobis,
qonebrivi da Tanamdebobrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli
adgilis, religiisadmi damokidebulebis, rwmenis, agreTve
sxva garemoebebis miuxedavad.
sxva garemoebebSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT politikuri
da sxva Sexedulebebi, eTnikuri kuTvnileba, wodebrivi
mdgomareoba da a.S.
rogorc vxedavT, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi kanon-
isa da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis principis arsi
gamoixateba imaSi, rom arc qonebrivi da Tanamdebobrivi
mdgomareoba, arc ganaTleba, arc regiliisadmi damokideb-
130 131
uleba ar qmnian araviTar privilegias an safuZvels saqme-
Si monawile arc erTi piris diskriminaciisaTvis da gav-
lenas ar axdenen saqmis msvlelobaze.
procesis yvela subieqti Tanasworia kanonis winaSe.
TiToeul maTgans Tavisi saproceso mdgomareobis farg-
lebSi aqvs SesaZlebloba isargeblos kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli saproceso uflebebiT da Seasrulos dakisre-
buli movaleobebi. im pirebs, romlebsac ama Tu im gare-
moebis gamo ara aqvT sxvebis Tanabari SesaZlebloba ganax-
orcielon TavianTi uflebebi, kanoni maTTvis adgens
damatebiT garantiebs, magaliTad, damcvelis savaldebulo
monawileobis, Tarjimnis monawileobis garantiebs da a.S.
kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis principi
dakavSirebulia sasamarTlosa da samarTlis erTianobis
Sesaxeb debulebasTan. saxelmwifoSi ar arsebobs sasa-
marTlo, romelic privilegias mianiWebda calkeuli kat-
egoriis pirebs an kidev maT diskriminaciaze iqneboda da-
fuZnebuli. kanonis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo sistema erTiania.
yvela moqalaqisaTvis erTi da igive sasamarTlo da aseve
erTiani kanonmdebloba arsebobs, romelic yvelas mimarT
Tanabrad gamoiyeneba.
aRniSnuli principis Sesabamisad, sisxlis samarTal-
warmoebis procesis yvela subieqti Cayenebulia Tanabar
pirobebSi da aqvT erTnairi SesaZlebloba daicvan TavianTi
uflebebi da interesebi gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi. am
principis dacvis gareSe SeuZlebelia kanonierebis uzrun-
velyofa, samarTliani da dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis
miReba.
kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe yvelas Tanasworoba
gulisxmobs imasac, rom yvela procesis monawile valde-
bulia daicvas sisxlis samarTlis kanoni da misi darRve-
visaTvis ikisros pasuxismgebloba. pasuxisgebaSi micema ki
xdeba yvelasaTvis saerTo-saproceso wesebis dacviT. magram
am saerTo wesidan arsebobs gamonaklisi. sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi micemis, dapatimrebis da sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso iZulebis sxva RonisZiebis gamoyenebis gansa-
kuTrebuli wesi gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos konstituciiT,
saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiTa da SeTanx-
mebebiT, saproceso kanoniT da sxva kanonebiT.
aRniSnuli gansakuTrebuli wesi vrceldeba saqarTvelos
prezidentis, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevris, uzen-
aesi sasamarTlos wevrisa da sxva saerTo sasamarTlos
mosamarTlis, kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomaris, saxalxo
damcvelis, generaluri prokuroris, diplomatiuri imu-
nitetis mqone piris, aseve sisxlis samarTlis saerTa-
Soriso sasamarTlos im warmomadgenlis mimarT, romelic
Tavisi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebisas sisxlis samar-
Tlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis Sesabamisad
sargeblobs imunitetiT.
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis gansakuTreb-
uli wesi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dasaxelebuli Tanamde-
bobis pirebi xelSeuxeblobis uflebiT sargebloben da
maTi pasuxisgebaSi micemisaTvis saWiroa saTanado organos
an Tanamdebobis piris Tanxmoba. es garemoeba ar niSnavs
aRniSnul pirTa mimarT privilegiis dawesebas, aramed war-
moadgens garantias maTi saqmianobis warmatebiT ganxor-
cielebisaTvis.
kanonis Tanaxmad, dauSvebelia aRniSnul pirTa mier
privilegiebisa da imunitetis gamoyeneba sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavis asarideblad.
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Semdeg maTze
vrceldeba erTiani materialuri da saproceso kanonmde-
132 133
bloba.
4) udanaSaulobis prezumfcia4) udanaSaulobis prezumfcia. es principi asaxulia
saqarTvelos konstituciaSi, sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kodeqsSi, saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv dokumentebSi,
kerZod, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi,
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso
paqtSi, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropul konvenciaSi.
udanaSaulobis prezumfciis sakanonmdeblo formuli-
reba aseTia: braldebuli udanaSaulod iTvleba manam,
sanam mis mier danaSaulis Cadena ar damtkicdeba kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT da ar dadgindeba kanonier ZalaSi
Sesuli sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT (sssk me-10
muxli, I naw).am normaSi xazgasmulia trivialuri debuleba, rom
sasamarTloa erTaderTi organo, romelic uflebamosilia
cnos piris damnaSaved da rom piris damnaSaved cnoba
SesaZlebelia erTaderTi saproceso aqtiT _ sasamarTlos
gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT. arc erTi saxelmwifo organo da
arc erTi Tanamdebobis piri ar aris uflebamosili gan-
sazRvros da daadginos piris braleuloba. es mxolod
sasamarTlos prerogativaa.
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia ar aris procesis mwarmoe-
beli ama Tu im organos Tanamdebobis piris piradi Sexed-
uleba, subieqturi mosazreba, aramed warmoadgens obieqtur
samarTlebriv debulebas. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, rom-
lebmac braldeba warudgines pirs, cxadia, Tvlian mas
braleulad. mxolod kanoni Tvlis mas arabraleulad,
udanaSaulod.
termini `prezumfcia~ pirobiTi xasiaTisaa. igi laTi-
nuri sityvaa da niSnavs varauds, gulvebas. igi gulisxmobs
winaswar dadgenil debulebas, romelic moqmedebs manam,
sanam ar iqneba damtkicebuli sawinaaRmdego.
Tanamedrove periodSi ̀ prezumfcias~, ̀ varaudi~, nakle-
bad Seesabameba , radgan `kanoni Tvlis~ da ara
varaudobs~.1
udanaSaulobis prezumfciidan gamomdinare samarTlebri-
vad da zneobrivad dauSvebelia publikaciebi da masobrivi
informaciis saSualebebiT gamosvlebi, sadac braldebuli
wodebulia damnaSaved, xolo winaswari gamoZiebis monace-
mebi miCneulia rogorc saboloo.
udanaSaulobis prezumfciis mixedviT aravin ar aris
valdebuli amtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba. braldebis mt-
kicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels. bralmdebels ufle-
ba aqvs uari Tqvas braldebaze (sssk me-10 muxlis me-2
naw). aRniSnuli debulebidan gamomdinare braldebuli ar
aris valdebuli moiZios da warmoadginos mtkicebulebebi,
romlebic uaryofen mis mier danaSaulis Cadenas an mis
monawileobas danaSaulis CadenaSi. aseTi mtkicebulebebis
mopoveba mxolod uflebaa misi da ara movaleoba. Tu bral-
debuli ver warmoadgens misi braldebis gamomricxav faq-
tobriv monacemebs, es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom igi
damnaSavea. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, romlebmac moaxdines
braldebis formulireba da warudgines igi braldebuls,
swored isini arian valdebulni amtkicon kidec bralde-
bulis mier danaSaulis Cadena. amasTan, prokurori sasa-
marTloSi Tu mivida im daskvnamde, rom warmodgenili
mtkicebulebebi ar aris sakmarisi braldebis dasamtkice-
blad, kanoni mas aZlevs uflebas uari Tqvas braldebaze
da aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo wyvets saqmis warmoebas
1 Êàñóìîâ ×.Ñ. Ïðåçóìïöèÿ íåâèíîâíîñòè â ñîâåòñêîì ïðàâå, Áàêó, 1984, ñ. 21-22.
134 135
an gamoaqvs gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.
aRsaniSnavia, rom braldebis mxares akisria ara marto
braldebis mtkicebis tvirTi, aramed dacvis mxaris das-
abuTebis uaryofis tvirTic. cxadia, aq saubaria dacvis
mxaris safuZvliani argumentebisa da dasabuTebis uaryo-
faze.
amasTan erTad, saproceso kanoni iTvaliswinebs mtkice-
bis tvirTis e.w. specialur saxes. mtkicebulebaTa dauS-
veblobis Sesaxeb dacvis mxaris mier dayenebuli Suamdgom-
lobis ganxilvisas dacvis mxaris mier warmodgenili
mosazrebebis uaryofis tvirTi awevs prokurors, rac See-
sabameba saerTo wess. magram sxva SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis
tvirTi awevs im mxares, romelmac Suamdgomloba ganacxada.
magaliTad, dacvis mxare Tu daayenebs Suamdgomlobas aRkve-
Tis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, manve unda amtkicos
gauqmebis safuZvlebis arseboba anu mtkicebis tvirTi am
SemTxvevaSi akisria dacvis mxares.
udanaSaulobis prezumfciis Sinaarsi Seicavs aseve
metad mniSvnelovan debulebas. kerZod, mtkicebulebaTa
Sefasebis dros warmoSobili yovelgvari eWvi, romelic
ar dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes
braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) sasargeblod.
cnobilia, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba xdeba maTi
dasaSvebobis, Sesaxebobis, sakmarisobis da sarwmunoobis
gaTvaliswinebiT. Tu braldebulis braldeba utyuari mt-
kicebulebebiT ar dasturdeba da misi udanaSaulobis Ses-
axeb mtkicebis procesSi gaCndeba eWvi, igi unda iyos
gamoyenebuli ara braldebulis sazianod, aramed mis
sasargeblod, radgan gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni ar SeiZleba
efuZnebodes varauds, albaTobas, eWvebs. igi unda iyos
damyarebuli mxolod da mxolod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul
utyuar mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobaze.
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da misi ganxorcielebis
garantiebi TiTqmis yvela demokratiuli saxelmwifos
kanonmdeblobaSia asaxuli. igi sisxlis samarTlis proce-
sis qvakuTxedia da amave dros adamianis uflebebis da
Tavisuflebebis dacvis myari garanti1.
5) eWvmitanilis, braldebulisa da gansasjelis dacvis 5) eWvmitanilis, braldebulisa da gansasjelis dacvis
uflebis uzrunvelyofa.uflebis uzrunvelyofa.
eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis, dacvis ufle-
ba _ es aris uflebaTa erTgvari kompleqsi, rac ki maT
gaaCniaT procesSi, radgan ufleba misces Cveneba, warmoadgi-
nos mtkicebulebebi, aRZras Suamdgomloba da a.S. emsaxureba
braldebulis dacvas sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnisagan.
dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofa sisxlis samarTlis
procesis fundamenturi principia. saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis 42-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, dacvis ufle-
ba garantirebulia. swored am uflebaSi naTlad aris
gamoxatuli marTlmsajulebisa da pirovnebis interesebis
urTierTkavSiri. Tu braldebuls ar Caudenia danaSauli,
maSin dacvis ufleba xels uwyobs misTvis wayenebuli
braldebis uaryofas. xolo Tu is braleulia, maSin dacvis
ufleba xels uwyobs misi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubeqebeli
garemoebebis gamovlenas. amiT xorcieldeba marTlmsa-
julebis amocanebis uzrunvelyofa-braleulTa mxileba da
1 qarTvel samarTalmcodneebs Soris dRemde ar aris erTsulovneba udana-
Saulobis prezumfciis dasaxelebaze. mecnierTa nawili mas arabraleulobis
prezumfcias uwodebs. aRniSnul sakiTxze ixileT: g. naWyepia, danaSaulis Se-
madgenloba, rogorc arabraleulobis prezumfciis safuZveli, J. `samarTali~,
1992, N 8-9. a. SuSanaSvili, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, saiubileo krebuli,
givi inwkirveli _ 70, Tb., 1996; a. kaxniaSvili, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da
misi ganxorcielebis garantiebi sasamarTlomdel stadiebze, Tb., 1998.
136 137
samarTliani dasja, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi ar-
abraleulTa micemisa da dasjis dauSvebloba.
dacvis ufleba moqmedebas iwyebs konkretuli piris
eWvmitanilis saxiT dakavebis an braldebulis dapatimre-
bis momentidan da igi mTavrdeba saproceso saqmianobis da
Sesabamisi saproceso urTierTobis damTavrebasTan erTad.
dacvis uflebiT uzrunvelyofis principi realizdeba
Semdeg formebSi: a) dacvis ganxorcieleba uSualod eWvmi-
tanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis mier. aRniSnuli
pirebi uflebamosilni arian TviTon, uSualod daicvan Tavi
wardgenili braldebisagan da amisaTvis gamoiyenon kanoniT
miniWebuli uflebebi, kerZod, miscen Cveneba an uari Tqvan
masze, waradginon mtkicebulebebi, ganacxadon acileba,
aRZran Seumdgomloba, monawileoba miiRos gansasjelma
sasamarTlo kamaTSi da gaasaCivros sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetileba;
b) dacvis ganxorcieleba damcvelis mier. dakavebis an
dapatimrebisTanave dasacav pirs ganemarteba sxva ufle-
bebTan erTad damcvelis ayvanis ufleba. damcveli moi-
wveva braldebulis an misi axloblebisa da naTesavebis
mier misi TxovniT. braldebuls ufleba aqvs hqondes Sex-
vedra damcvelTan pirispir pirvel dakiTxvamde, pirveli
dakiTxvis Semdeg Sexvedrebis raodenobisa da drois miuxe-
davad garda kanoniT dadgenili gamonaklisi SemTxvevisa,
rac eWvmitanils exeba (sssk 73-e muxlis qvepunqti);
g) gamomZiebeli, prokurori, sasamarTlo movaleni arian
miiRon zomebi damcvelis monawileobis uzrunvelsayofad
advokatTa gaerTianebis meSveobiT daniSvniT an iZulebiTi
dacvis arsebobisas. procesis mwarmoebeli organo valde-
bulia dasacav pirs ganumartos uflebebi, misces SesaZle-
bloba daicvas Tavi kanoniT nebadarTuli yvela saSualebiT,
uzrunvelyos misi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva.
garda amisa, dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofis principi
moicavs e.w. dacvis saproceso garantiebs, rac kanonSia
mocemuli. aseT garantiebs warmoadgens: udanaSaulobis
prezumfcia, romlis mixedviTac braldebis mtkicebis
tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels da yovelgvari eWvi gani-
marteba braldebulis sasargeblod; kanonis darRveviT
mopovebuli mtkicebulebebis dauSveblad miCneva; sauaresod
Semobrunebis dauSvebloba, saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT
sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivrebis Tavisufleba da a.S.
saqarTvelos sssk me-11 muxlis, II naw. Tanaxmad, dacvis uflebiT unda iyos uzrunvelyofili eWvmitanilis, bral-
debulis, gansasjelis garda piri, romlis mimarTac war-
moebs saqme samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis
gamosayeneblad, agreTve msjavrdebuli gamamarTlebeli
ganaCenis an sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileb-
is gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi.
iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom
dacvis uflebiT unda iyos uzrunvelyofili ara mxolod
dasaxelebuli pirebi, aramed yvela is piri, romlebic jer
ar imyofebian eWvmitanilis an braldebulis statusSi, mag.
piri gamoZaxebulia mowmis saxiT dasakiTxad, sacxovrebel
binaSi tardeba Cxreka da a.S.1 ver daveTanxmebiT avtors,
radgan dacva sWirdeba mxolod da mxolod eWvmitanils
da braldebuls, anu pirs, romlis mimarTac ukve arsebobs
eWvi an braldeba danaSaulis CadenaSi da maT upirispird-
eba dacva, anu dacva aris sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis
sawinaaRmdego funqcia, xolo yvela sxva danarCen pirebs
sWirdebaT iuridiuli daxmarebis gaweva, romlebsac maT
1 Смирнва А.В., Êàëèíîâñêèé – Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, Ì., 2005, ñòð. 83.
138 139
aRmouCenT advokati.
damcveli movalea gamoavlinos braldebulis bralis
gamamarTlebeli an misi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli
garemoebebi da amisaTvis gamoiyenos kanoniT gaTvaliswineb-
uli yvela saSualeba da xerxi. damcvelis monawileoba
procesSi ar uzRudavs dasacav pirs mis kuTvnil uflebebs.
mas aqvs ufleba damcvelis monawileobis paralelurad
uSualod TviTon daicvas Tavi wardgenili braldebisagan
da amisaTvis gamoiyenos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela
saproceso ufleba.
dacvis uflebiT uzrunvelyofis pricnipi moqmedebs
sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela stadiaze. igi warmoad-
gens kanonieri da dasabuTebuli ganaCenis gamotanis wina-
pirobas. aRniSnuli principis ignorireba warmoadgens
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis arsebiT darRvevas,
rac iwvevs ganaCenis gauqmebas.
6) pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba,6) pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba, misi pativisa da Rirse-
bis dacva. es principi ganmtkicebulia mTel rig saerTa-
Soriso samarTlebriv aqtebSi. kerZod: adamianis uflebaTa
sayovelTao deklaraciis me-3 muxli adgens: `yovel adami-
ans aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblo-
bis ufleba~;
evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxlis Tanaxmad, aravis ar
SeiZleba SeezRudos Tavisufleba sxvagvarad, Tu ara kano-
niT dadgenili proceduris Sesabamisad;
samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTa-
Soriso paqtSi aRniSnulia, rom yovel adamians aqvs Tav-
isuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.
saerTaSoriso standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarT-
velos konstitucia amkvidrebs ra adamianis, moqalaqis
primats, acxadebs _ `adamianis Tavisufleba xelSeuvalia~
(saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxli).
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi
akonkretebs konstituciur normas da ganvrcobilad war-
moadgens pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis Sinaarss. kerZod,
saqarTvelos sssk me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad, yovel adamians
aqvs Tavisuflebis, piradi xelSeuxeblobis, pativisa da
Rirsebis dacvis ufleba.
sagulisxmoa, rom Tavisufleba absoluturi cneba ar
aris. igi SezRudulia kanoniT. S. monteskie werda: Tav-
isufleba aris ufleba akeTo yvelaferi, rac kanoniT aris
nebadarTuli.
kanonis Tanaxmad, Tavisuflebis aRkveTa an piradi Tav-
isuflebis sxvagvari SezRudva dauSvebelia sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebis gareSe. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ar
sWirdeba mxolod moklevadian dakavebas, rasac SeiZleba
adgili hqondes ara umetes 48 saaTisa. piris dapatimreba
an eqspertizisaTvis samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavseba
SeiZleba mxolod mosamarTlis brZanebiT an sasamarTlos
ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT).
braldebulis Tavisuflebis xelSeuvaloba SeiZleba
SeizRudos da mis mimarT iyos gamoyenebuli winaswari
patimroba mxolod kanonieri safuZvlis arsebobisas, ker-
Zod, Tu arsebobs gonivruli eWvi da faqtobrivi monace-
mebi rom braldebuli miimaleba, ganagrZobs danaSaulebriv
saqmianobas an SemdgomSi SesaZloa kvlav Caidinos axali
danaSauli, xels SeuSlis gamoZiebas, gaanadgurebs mtkice-
bulebebs.
kanonieri safuZvlis arsebobisas aris aseve SesaZlebeli
piris Tavisuflebis SezRudva da misi moTavseba eqspert-
izisaTvis samedicino dawesebulebaSi. kerZod, Tu arsebobs
140 141
gonivruli eWvi da sakmarisi faqtobrivi monacemebi, rom
pirma marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba Caidina Seuracxad mdgo-
mareobaSi an aseTi qmedebis Cadenis Semdeg gaxda Seuracx-
adi da sajaro usarfTxoebis interesebi moiTxovs mis
izolirebas, mosamarTlis brZanebiT aseTi piri unda iyos
moTavsebuli samedicino dawesebulebaSi.
danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanilis dakavebis vada ar
unda aRematebodes 72 saaTs, xolo braldebulis winaswari
patimroba _ 9 Tves.
dakavebulsa da dapatimrebuls dauyovnebliv unda ec-
nobos dakavebisa Tu dapatimrebis mizezi, safuZveli da
danaSauli, romlis CadenaSic igi eWvmitanilia an romlis
Cadenac mas bralad edeba. aseve unda ganemartos dakave-
bulsa da dapatimrebuls ufleba daicvas sakuTari Tavi
piradad an isargeblos damcvelis daxmarebiT. damcveli
daiSveba eWvmitanilis dakavebis an braldebulis saxiT
piris dapatimrebis momentidan. eWvmitanilis dakavebis an
braldebulis dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gamomZiebelma unda
Seatyobinos ojaxis wevrebs.
kanonis Tanaxmad, mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli
valdebulni arian dauyovnebliv gaaTavisuflon ukanonod
dakavebuli, dapatimrebuli Tu sxvagvarad TavisuflebaSez-
Ruduli piri.
ukanonod da dausabuTeblad TavisuflebaSezRudul
pirs aqvs misTvis miyenebuli zianis srulad anazRaurebis
ufleba.
reabilitaciis iuridiul safuZvels warmoadgens gama-
marTlebeli ganaCeni, agreTve dadgenileba (ganCineba) sisx-
lis samarTlebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sew-
yvetis Sesaxeb sssk 28-e muxlis I nawilis `a-~ `d~, `i~,
`k~ da `m~ qvepunqtebSi da imave muxlis II nawilis `a~ da
`g~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi
pirs unda aunazRaurdes qonebrivi, fizikuri da moraluri
ziani.
kanoni krZalavs procesis monawileTa Tu sxva pirTa
mimarT sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi, agreTve
maTi pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi meTodebis gamoyene-
bas.
pirovnebis Rirsebisa da pativis xelSeuvaloba, upirve-
les yovlisa, umniSvnelovanesi konstituciuri principia.
`yovel adamians aqvs Rirseba, ris gamoc dauSvebelia igi
iyos raime saqmianobis obieqti an instrumenti. Rirseba
gamomdinareobs adamianad yofnisagan. Rirseba adamians ar mie-
niWeba saxelmwifosagan (prezidentis, paralamentis an sasa-
marTlos mier). igi imanenturia adamianad yofnisaTvis~1.
sssk me-12 muxlis me-7 nawilis Tanaxmad sagamoZiebo
Tu sasamarTlo moqmedebebis Catarebisas akrZalulia
pirovnebis mimarT meZieblobis, muqaris, SantaJis, wamebis,
fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri Zaladobis sxva xerxebis gamoyen-
eba. dauSvebelia dakavebulisa da dapatimrebulis mimarT
samedicino eqsperimentis Catareba, Zilis, wylis, sakvebis
akrZalva an zRvrul normaze metad SezRudva, iseT pi-
robebSi Cayeneba, romlebic mavne zegavlenas axdens adamianis
janmrTelobaze da laxavs mis Rirsebas.
rogorc vxedavT, kanoni krZalavs dakavebuli da dapa-
timrebuli piris mimarT wamebis, Zaladobis gamoyenebas, rac
SeiZleba iyos gamoxatuli fizikuri da fsiqikuri zemoq-
medebis zomebis gamoyenebiT, kerZod, ikrZaleba rogorc cema,
fizikuri tkivilis miyeneba, aseve piris daSineba, misi Cay-
eneba uimedo mdgomareobaSi, sistematuri damcireba da
1 k. kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi, Tb., 2003, gv. 89, 92.
142 143
Seuracxyofa, rac fsiqikur tramvas iwvevs. cxadia, ikrZa-
leba samedicino eqsperimentis Catareba, ramac SeiZleba
gamoiwvios mexsierebis daqveiTeba, azrovnebis damaxinjeba,
safrTxe Seuqmnas adamianis janmrTelobasa da sicocxles.
kanonis Tanaxmad, ikrZaleba sicocxlisa da janmrTe-
lobisaTvis saSiSi, maTi pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi
meTodebis gamoyeneba ara mxolod dakavebuli da dapatim-
rebuli piris mimarT, aramed dazaralebulis, mowmis da
procesis nebismieri monawilis mimarT.
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebebi, romlebic ex-
eba pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobas mxolod gamonaklis SemTx-
vevaSi SeiZleba Catardes iZulebiT. saerTo wesidan gamon-
aklisi uSualod kanoniT unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli.
magaliTad, dazaralebuli da mowme iZulebiT SeiZleba
Seamowmon mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca eWvmitanili an
braldebuli moiTxovs Semowmebas, danaSaulis CadenaSi misi
mamxilebeli Cvenebis gabaTilebis mizniT. mowmisa da
dazaralebulis iZulebiT Semowmeba SeiZleba mxolod mosa-
marTlis brZanebiT (sssk 353-em). aseve dauSvebelia
dazaralebulisa da mowmis iZulebiTi eqspertiza da nimu-
Sis aReba saeqsperto kvlevisaTvis, garda veneriuli Tu
sxva infeqciuri daavadebis dadgenisa da agreTve im SemTx-
vevebisa, roca eWvmitanili an braldebuli moiTxovs im
dazaralebulis Cvenebis Semowmebas, romelic amxels mas
danaSaulis CadenaSi. dazaralebulisa da mowmis iZulebiTi
eqspertizac dasaSvebia mxolod mosamarTlis brZanebis
safuZvelze (sssk 368, 379-mm).
kanoni calsaxad miuTiTebs rom gamomZiebeli, proku-
rori, mosamarTle valdebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis
procesis yvela stadiaze daicvan procesis monawileTa
pativi da Rirseba, sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa
Catarebisas ar gamoiyenon iseTi saSualebebi da meTodebi,
romlebic safrTxes Seuqmnian procesis monawileTa sic-
ocxlesa da janmrTelobas, Selaxaven maT pativsa da Rirse-
bas.
7) piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba7) piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba
`piradi cxovrebis~ cneba moicavs adamianis cxovrebis
im sferos, romelic mxolod mas ekuTvnis da ar eqvemde-
bareba sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos mxridan kontrols,
Tu mas marTlzomieri xasiaTi aqvs.
piradi cxovrebis sfero _ es aris urTierTdamokide-
buleba ojaxSi, _ urTierToba da kavSirebi sxva adami-
anebTan; piradi dRiurebis, werilebis da Canawerebis Si-
naarsi; cxovrebis wesi da adamianis arsebobis yvela sxva
garemoeba, romelsac TviTon ar Tvlis saWirod an SesaZle-
blad gaaxmauros; garemoebebi, romlebic konfidencialuri
xasiaTisaa _ SesaZlebelia igi exebodes adamianis janmrTe-
lobas, seqsualur orientacias da a.S.
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba konstituciiTa (me-20
muxli) da saproceso kodeqsiT (sssk me-13 mux) garantire-
buli principia.
kanonis Tanaxmad, mimowera, safosto gzavnili, piradi
Canaweri, satelegrafo Setyobineba, satelefono saubari,
sxva teqnikuri saSualebiT gadmocemuli an miRebuli pi-
radi xasiaTis informacia xelSeuxebelia. piradi xasiaTis
informaciis xelSeuxebloba gulisxmobs kavSiris saidum-
loebas, rac imas niSnavs rom informacia Setyobinebebis,
saubrebis Taobaze SeiZleba iyos gacemuli mxolod misi
gamgzavnis, adresatis an misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis
mier. sxva teqnikur saSualebebSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT
teletaipi, kompiuteruli kavSiri, eleqtronuli fosta
144 145
da sxv.
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba moicavs sacxovrebeli
binis an sxva mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobasac. sacxovreb-
el binas miekuTvneba: saxli, agaraki, koteji da a.S. sxva
mflobelobaSi igulisxmeba droebiTi sacxovrebeli bina,
saerTo sacxovrebeli, sastumro, farexi, sawyobi, damxmare
nageboba da a.S.
sacxovrebeli binis an sxva mflobelobis daTvaliere-
ba, mflobel pirTa nebis sawinaaRmdegod, agreTve Cxreka,
amoReba, safosto-satelefono korespodenciaze, safosto
gzavnilze yadaRis dadeba da qonebis CamorTmeva SeiZleba
mxolod mosamarTlis brZanebiT an sasamarTlos ganCinebiT
(dadgenilebiT). Tu arsebobs kanoniT dadgenili gadaude-
beli aucilebloba, aRniSnuli saproceso moqmedebebi
SeiZleba Catardes mosamarTlis brZanebis gareSe, magram
maTi kanoniereba da dasabuTebuloba unda Seamowmos mosa-
marTlem maT Sesaxeb masalebis wardgenidan araugvianes 24
saaTisa.
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba moicavs aseve Semow-
mebis, eqspertizis, sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catarebisas
piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobebis gamJRavnebis dauSve-
blobas. ar unda gamJRavndes piradi xasiaTis cnobebi,
romelTa saidumlod dacvac pirs saWirod miaCnia. gamomZie-
beli, prokurori, mosamarTle valdebulia xelwerili
CamoarTvas saproceso moqmedebis monawiles da gaafrTxi-
los igi, raTa man ar gaamJRavnos aRniSnuli cnobebi. sasa-
marTlo ganxilvis dros piradi intimuri xasiaTis cnobeb-
is gaxmaurebis Tavidan asacileblad sxdoma SeiZleba
Catardes daxurulad. Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze ki aseTi
cnobebi SeiZleba gamoqveyndes mxolod im piris TanxmobiT,
romelsac igi exeba.
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis garantias warmoad-
gens: a) pirad cxovrebaSi TviTneburi Carevis dauSveblo-
ba; b) piris Tanxmobis gareSe konfidencialuri infor-
maciis gamJRavnebis dauSvebloba; g) pirad cxovrebaSi
dausabuTebeli Carevis gamo miyenebuli zianis anazRaure-
bis ufleba; d) darRveuli uflebis sasamarTlo dacvis
SesaZlebloba.
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba daculia aseve sisxlis
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobiT. kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgebloba dawesebulia piradi an ojaxuri saidumloe-
bis xelyofisaTvis (ssk 157-e m.); kerZo saubris saidumloe-
bis darRvevisaTvis (ssk 158-e m.) piradi mimoweris, tele-
foniT saubris an sxvagvari xerxiT Setyobinebis saidumloe-
bis darRvevisaTvis (ssk 159-e m.), binis an sxva mflobelo-
bis xelSeuxeblobis darRvevisaTvis (ssk 160-e m.).
8) sajarooba da dispoziciuroba8) sajarooba da dispoziciuroba
upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesi sajaro bunebisaa. igi miekuTvneba sajaro
samarTlis dargs. igi awesrigebs saxelmwifo organoTa
saqmianobas da maT urTierTdamokidebulebas moqalaqeebTan.
prokuraturis mier ganxorcielebuli sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi devnisa da braldebis funqcia saxelmwifos sa-
jaro amocanaa. sssk-is me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad, gamomZiebeli,
prokurori, mosamarTle da sasamarTlo, romlebic moqmede-
ben sajaro interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, valdebulni ar-
ian daadginon danaSauli da misi Camdeni piri.
sajaroobis principi gasdevs mTeli saqmis warmoebas
da uzrunvelyofs rogorc procesis saerTo amocanebis
Sesrulebas, ise misi calkeuli stadiebis uSualo amo-
canebis ganxorcielebas. sisxlis samarTlis procesis
146 147
stadiebis xasiaTis, formisa da amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT
es principi vlindeba sxvadasxvagvarad.
winaswar gamoZiebaSi sajaroobis principi gamoixateba
imaSi, rom gamomZiebeli, prokurori movaleni arian dana-
Saulis niSnebis arsebobisas daiwyon gamoZieba. kanoni am
moTxovniT avaldebulebs procesis mwarmoebeli organos
Tanamdebobis pirebs imoqmedon moqalaqeTa da mTlianad sa-
zogadoebis interesebSi, romlebic dainteresebulni arian
danaSaulTan efeqturi brZolis warmoebiT. gamomZiebeli,
romelic atarebs winaswar gamoZiebas, uflebamosilia Caa-
taros saqmeze yvela aucilebeli da saWiro kanoniT gaT-
valiswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, gamoiyenos saTanado
saproceso iZulebis RonisZiebebi. sajarooba vlindeba im-
aSic, rom prokurori, gamomZiebeli movaleni arian sakuTari
iniciativiT Sekribon da gamoavlinon mtkicebulebebi, rom-
lebic uaryofen dakavebuli piris mimarT arsebul eWvs an
braldebulis mimarT wardgenil braldebas. aseve mkacrad
unda iyos daculi kanoniT dadgenili wesi eWvmitanilisa
da braldebulisaTvis miyenebuli zianis anaRzaurebis Ses-
axeb, rac maT miadgaT Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono moqmede-
bis Sedegad.
sajaroobis principis socialur _ samarTlebrivi arsi
vlindeba saxelmwifos interesebis organul SerwymaSi
moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvasTan.
pirovnebis kanonieri interesebis dacva sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi gamomdinareobs saxelmwifos, sazogadoebis in-
teresebidan. metic, kanonis Tanaxmad, pirad kanonier in-
teresebs aqvs prioriteti danaSaulis gaxsnisa da damnaSavis
dasjis sajaro interesebTan SedarebiT. procesis
monawileebs ganemartebaT TavianTi uflebebi da gamomZie-
beli, prokurori uqmnian maT saTanado pirobebs, raTa es
uflebebi realurad iyos uzrunvelyofili. saqmeSi
monawile pirTa uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis
dacva warmoadgens saxelmwifo organoebis sajaro-samarT-
lebriv movaleobas da Seadgens sajaroobis sawyisis ele-
ments.
sasamarTlos sajaro roli mdgomareobs mxareebisaTvis
saTanado pirobebis SeqmnaSi, raTa maT SeZlon kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli uflebamosilebis praqtikuli realiza-
cia. braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs SeuZliaT Tavisuflad
gankargon TavianTi materialur-samarTlebrivi da sapro-
ceso uflebebi, gavlena moaxdinon rogorc sisxlis sa-
marTlebrivi devnis dawyebaze, aseve sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis gadawyvetaze.
unda aRiniSnos, rom sssk me-14 muxlis pirveli nawili
Seicavs erTgvar uzustobas, radgan miuTiTebs sasamarTlos
valdebulebaze daadginos danaSauli da misi Camdeni piri.
mosamarTle da sasamarTlo ar arian uflebamosilni Caa-
taron kanoniT gaTvaliswilebuli yvela saproceso moq-
medeba, rogorc sakuTari iniciativiT, ise dainteresebuli
piris SuamdgomlobiT. sasamarTlo ar aris sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis organo es uflebamosileba rom ganaxor-
cielos.
sajaroobasTan erTad samarTalwarmoebaSi arsebobs
dispoziciuri sawyisi. dispoziciuri (kerZo) sawyisi vlin-
deba kerZo da kerZo _ sajaro braldebis saqmeebze, sadac
dazaralebulia uflebamosili daiwyos sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi devna. amasTan Tu mxareebi Serigdebian kerZo
braldebis saqmeze gamoZieba da sisxlis samarTlebrivi
devna, rogorc wesi, wydeba. gamonakliss warmoadgens am
kategoriis saqmeTa warmoebaSi prokuroris monawileoba,
rac gamoricxavs sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyve-
148 149
tas.
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi dispoziciuri sawyisis
moqmedebis gafarToeba gulisxmobs kanonmdeblis mier yura-
dRebis gaZlierebas moqalaqeTa uflebebis, Tavisuflebeb-
isa da interesebis mimarT, uzrunvelyofs saproceso
saqmianobaSi pirovnebis, sazogadoebis da saxelmwifos in-
teresebis urTierTSerwymas.
procesis dispoziciuri sawyisi vlindeba imaSic, rom
prokuroris uari braldebaze iwvevs sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetas an
gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanas Tu dazaralebuli ar
ewinaaRmdegeba mas. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs sa-
jaroobis principis SezRudvas, magram ara uaryofas.
kerZo braldebis saqmeze sasamarTlos sajaro roli
vlindeba imaSi, rom is saxelmwifos saxeliT Rebulobs
zomebs, raTa Serigdnen mxareebi da aRdges sazogadoebrivi
mSvidoba. sazogadoebrivi mSvidobis damkvidrebisaken aris
mimarTuli inglisis, aSS-s, avtriis, iaponiis da sxva gan-
viTarebuli qveynebis gamocdileba davebis e.w. alterna-
tiuli gadawyvetis sferoSi. arakonfliqturi da Semrige-
bluri procedurebidan yvelaze ufro gamokveTil alter-
nativas warmoadgens mediacia. braldebuli da dazaraleb-
uli sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis organos an sasamarTlos
nebarTviT cdiloben gadawyviton konfliqti mediaciuri
SeTanxmebis farglebSi da amisaTvis mimarTaven mesame pirs
Suamavlad. mediaciis gamoyenebis aucilebel pirobas war-
moadgens piris braleulobis damadasturebeli sarwmuno
mtkicebulebebis arseboba, braldebis mier bralis aRi-
areba da orive mxaris mzadyofna Semrigeblur proce-
durebSi monawileobaze. Semrigebluri SeTanxmebis safuZ-
velze garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas SesaZlebelia
gamotanili iyos gadawyvetileba sisxlis samarTlebrivi
devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
9) sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiToba9) sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiToba
SejibrebiToba sisxlis samarTlis procesis qvakuTxe-
dia, radgan procesi xorcieldeba mxareTa Tanasworobisa
da SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze.
mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis principis
ZiriTad elements warmoadgens braldebisa da dacvis fun-
qciebis gamoyofa marTlmsajulebis funqciisagan da maTi
gamijvna erTmaneTisagan, mxareebis aRWurva Tanabari sap-
roceso uflebebiT TavianTi funqciis ganxorcielebisas
da sasamarTlos dominirebuli roli gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi.
marTlmsajuleba SejibrebiTia maSin, roca sasamarTlo
ganxilvis mxareebs SeuZliaT aqtiurad da Tanabar sawyise-
bze amtkicon TavianTi poziciis utyuaroba, moiyvanon
amisaTvis argumentebi, ganmarton faqtebi da movlenebi,
waradginon mtkicebulebebi. amasTan sasamarTlo mizanmi-
marTulad kontrols uwevs mxareTa moqmedebas, uzrunve-
lyofs kanoniT dadgenili sasamarTlo ganxilvis wesebis
ganuxrel dacvas.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawile mxareebi Sei-
Zleba daiyos maT mier Sesrulebuli saproceso funqciis
mixedviT. braldebis funqcias axorcielebs prokurori,
dazaralebuli, misi warmomadgeneli, samoqalaqo mosarCele
da misi warmomadgeneli. dacvis funqcias axorcielebs
eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli, damcveli, samoqalaqo
mopasuxe da misi warmomadgeneli1. swored CamoTvlili
1 z. meiSvilisa da o. jorbenaZis mier 2007 wels gamocemul `saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis komentarebSi (gv. 66) aRniS-
150 151
pirebi arian dapirispirebuli mxareebi procesSi, xolo
saqmis gadawyvetis funqcias sasamarTlo axorcielebs.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom mxareTa Tanasworoba gulisx-
mobs mxolod sufTa saproceso aspeqts anu mxareebi mx-
olod procesualurad arian Tanabarni, rac gulisxmobs
mxareTa aRWurvas Tanabari uflebebiTa da movaleobebiT.
kerZod, maT Tanabrad aqvT ufleba gaecnon saqmis masalebs,
ganacxadon acileba, aRZran Suamdgomloba, waradginon mt-
kicebulebebi, monawileoba miiRon mtkicebulebaTa gamokv-
levaSi, gaasaCivron ukanono gadawyvetileba. mxareebs aqvT
erTnairi SesaZlebloba gamoiyenon samarTlebrivad daSve-
buli saproceso saSualebebi TavianTi poziciis, Sexedule-
bebis da moTxovnaTa dasabuTebisaTvis da meore mxaris
moTxovnebisa da mtkicebulebebis gasaqarwyleblad.
samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom mxareebi imyofebodnen
Tanabar mdgomareobaSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Sejibrebi-
Toba gadaizrdeba sisxlis samarTlebriv angariSsworebaSi.
Tumca ufro swori iqneboda gveTqva, mxareebi imyofebian
miaxloebiT Tanabar mdgomareobaSi, radgan prokuroris,
rogorc sisxlis samarTlebrivi mdevnelis saproceso sta-
tusi ar emTxveva braldebulisa da misi damcvelis sapro-
ceso statuss. TviT sasamarTlo sxdomazec ki, sadac mxa-
reebs aqvT garegnulad TiTqmis identuri uflebebi _
waradginon da gamoikvlion mtkicebulebebi, aRZran Suam-
nulia, rom TiTqos dacvis funqcia ekisrebaT mSobels da sxva kanonier
warmomadgenlebsac, rac ar aris swori. kanonis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovani
mowmis dakiTxva tardeba pedagogis an kanonieri warmomadgenlis Tandaswre-
biT. 7 wlamde asakis mowmis dakiTxva SeiZleba mSoblis an sxva kanonieri
warmomadgenlis TanxmobiT. magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom mSobeli an sxva
warmomadgeneli dacvis funqcias axorcieleben. moqmedi sssk-is mniSvnelovan
monapovars warmoadgens mSoblebis, naTesavebis, megobrebis, sazogad. organiza-
ciebis ganTavisufleba dacvis movaleobisagan, rac maT ekisrebodaT sabWoTa
kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze.
dgomloba, gamovidnen sasamarTlo kamaTSi da a.S. _
mTlianobaSi maTi saproceso mdgomareoba ar emTxveva, rad-
gan mtkicebis tvirTi awevs bralmdebels, xolo yovelgvari
eWvi ganimarteba braldebulis sasargeblod.
mxareTa Tanasworoba da SejibrebiToba, marTalia, erT-
gvarad SezRuduli formiT, magram mainc xorcieldeba
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze. SezRudva gamoixateba imaSi,
rom winaswar gamoZiebaSi prokurori axorcielebs sisxlis
samarTlebrivi devnis funqcias da TviTonve Rebulobs
saqmis gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT yvela sakiTxze gadaw-
yvetilebas. braldebuli da damcveli ganaxorcieleben
dacvis funqcias iseT pirobebSi, roca maT ara aqvT mt-
kicebulebaTa Segrovebisa da wardgenis Tanabari SesaZle-
bloba. iq, sadac braldeba da saqmis gadawyveta gaerTianeb-
ulia erTi piris xelSi, cxadia, SejibrebiTobas naklebi
adgili rCeba (Tu saerTod rCeba adgili), Tumca isic aR-
saniSnavia, rom kanonis Tanaxmad, dawesebulia sasamarTlo
kontroli gamomZieblisa da prokuroris im saproceso
moqmedebaze, romelic dakavSirebulia moqalaqeTa konsti-
tuciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis SezRudvasTan.
eWvmitanils, braldebuls, damcvels da procesis sxva
monawiles kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ufleba aqvT sasamarT-
loSi gaasaCivron gamomZieblis an prokuroris uari Suam-
dgomlobis, saCivrisa da gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze.
magaliTad, sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sisxlis
samarTlebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb prokuroris dadgenileba, eqspertizis daniSvnaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gamomZieblis an prokuroris dadge-
nileba.
mxareTa Tanasworoba da SejibrebiToba sruli saxiT
vlindeba sasamarTloSi. sasamarTlo ar asrulebs dacvisa
152 153
da braldebis funqcias. igi movalea mxareebs Seuqmnas sa-
Tanado pirobebi maTi saproceso uflebebis realizaciisaT-
vis, pirvel rigSi ki mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisaTvis, maTi
yovelmxrivi da sruli gamokvlevisaTvis, Tvalyuri adevnos
mxareTa moqmedebebis kanonierebas da uzrunvelyos saqmeze
WeSmaritebis dadgena.
iuridiul literaturaSi samarTliand aris aRniSnuli,
rom SejibrebiToba inarCunebs Tavis mniSvnelobas maSinac,
rodesac prokurori da damcveli erTsulovanni arian gan-
sasjelis arabraleulobis Sesaxeb TavianT daskvnebSi. maT
Soris polemikis ararseboba ar aerTianebs braldebisa da
dacvis funqciebs da TiToeuli maTgani saqmis garemoebebs
aSuqebs Tavisi saproceso funqciis farglebSi.
SejibrebiToba braldebisa da dacvis mxareTa uflebaa
_ Tanabar sawyisebze daicvan TavianTi mosazrebebi sasa-
marTlos winaSe da ara movaleoba erTmaneTTan Caeban sa-
marTlebriv davaSi. braldebisa da dacvis funqciebis da-
pirispireba ar gulisxmobs saxelmwifo bralmdeblisa da
gansasjelis kanonieri interesebis dapirispirebas. saxelm-
wifo bralmdebeli saqmeSi icavs saxelmwifos intresebs,
braldebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi igi aRiarebs sabral-
debo daskvnis Sedgenisas daSvebul Secdomebs an sasamarT-
loSi braldebis daumtkiceblobas, magram ar iTavsebs
dacvis funqcias, anu am SemTxvevaSic ar erTiandeba bral-
debisa da dacvis funqciebi.
kanonmdebeli Seecada sasamarTlos mier ganxorciele-
buli saqmis gadawyvetis funqcia gaewminda braldebisa da
dacvis elementebisagan da amiT gadadga nabiji win Seji-
brebiTobis principis ganviTarebaSi. kerZod, aikrZala sasa-
marTlos mier axali braldebis wayeneba gansasjelis da
axal pirTa mimarT; damatebiT gamoZiebaSi sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis dabruneba dasaSvebi gaxda mxolod prokuro-
ris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze da ara sasamarTlos ini-
ciativiT; braldebulis mier bralis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi,
e.i. roca aRar aris dava braldebulTan, sasamarTlos Seu-
Zlia ar gaagrZelos mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva da ar
Caataros sasamarTlo gamoZieba srulad; prokuroris mier
braldebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas daeTanxmeba
dazaralebuli sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqme an gam-
oitanos gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni. Tumca, samarTlianoba
moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom es ukanaskneli debuleba meores
mxriv, arRvevs mxareTa Tanasworobis princips, radgan
upiratesobas braldebis mxares aniWebs da misi moTxovna
saqmis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb savaldebulo xdeba sasamarTlosaT-
vis, maSin rodesac dacvis mxaris mier igive moTxovnis
dayenebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos aseTi valdebuleba ar
akisria. garda amisa, kanonis aRniSnuli moTxovna arRvevs
mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis universalur principsac,
radgan, kanonis Tanaxmad mosamarTle damoukidebelia da
SeboWili ar aris mxareTa mosazrebebiT.
mxareTa Tanasworoba da SejibrebiToba warmoadgens
mxareTa uflebebis da kanonieri interesebis realizaciis
garants. swored es principi aniWebs ganaCens gansakuTrebul
damajereblobas da amaRlebas mis samarTlebriv mniS-
vnelobas.
SejibrebiToba ara mxolod sisxlis samarTlis proce-
sis principia, aramed igi warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis
procesis tips. mxareTa Tanasworoba da mosamarTleTa
damoukidebloba erTbliobaSi qmnian SejibrebiTi procesis
`myar konstruqcias~. SejibrebiTi samarTalwarmoebis yvela
sxva instituciuri principi logikurad gamomdinareobs am
ori fundamenturi sawyisidan.
154 155
10) saproceso SeTanxmeba10) saproceso SeTanxmeba
saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti saproceso kanonmde-
blobaSi XIV1 Tavis saxiT iqna SemoRebuli 2004 wlis 13
Tebervals. amave dros sssk-is me-151 muxliT ganisazRvra
saproceso SeTanxmeba rogorc sisxlis samarTlis procesis
principi da misi Sinaarsi Camoyalibda Semdegnairad: sap-
roceso SeTanxmeba xorcieldeba sasamarTlos damoukide-
blobis principis dacviT. saproceso SeTanxmebis mizania
swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelyofa.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedrove sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi aqtiurad yalibdeba daCqarebuli, swrafi samar-
Talwarmoebis tendencia.
swrafi marTlmsajuleba gulisxmobs saproceso ekonomi-
is uzrunvelyofas, e.i. drois, Zalebis, saSualebebis da-
zogvas. mosamarTlem unda uzrunvelyos swrafad da efeq-
tianad saqmeTa gadawyveta da mxareebs Seuqmnas saTanado
pirobebi, raTa maT SeZlon sakuTari poziciis dacva zed-
meti droisa da finansuri danaxarjebis gareSe, xelovnuri
dabrkolebis gareSe. swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajule-
ba gulisxmobs saqmis ganxilvas da gadawyvetas usafuZvlo
gaWianurebis gareSe da umokles droSi optimaluri gad-
awyvetilebis miRebas.
rac Seexeba saproceso SeTanxmebis arss igi mdgomare-
obs SemdegSi: sasamarTlos saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe
gamoaqvs ganaCeni. saproceso SeTanxmebis safuZveli SeiZle-
ba iyos SeTanxmeba bralze an sasjelze. saproceso SeTanx-
mebis safuZvelze prokurors ufleba aqvs moiTxovos
braldebulisaTvis sasjelis Semcireba an danaSaulTa er-
Tobliobisas miiRos gadawyvetileba misTvis braldebis
Semsubuqebis an nawilobriv moxsnis Taobaze. gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos generalur prokurors SeuZlia
sasamarTlos mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT braldebulis
sasjelisagan srulad gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT, rasac
safuZvlad udevs braldebulis TanamSromloba sagamoZiebo
organoebTan da Tanamdebobis piris an gansakuTrebiT mZime
danaSaulis Camdeni piris vinaobis gamovlena.
marTalia, saproceso SeTanxmeba SedarebiT axali in-
stitutia, magram man sakmaod farTod daimkvidra adgili
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi da kritikis miuxe-
davad didi warmatebiT gamoiyeneba. migvaCnia, rom es insti-
tuti garkveul daxvewas moiTxovs da saTanado cvlile-
bebis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia SenarCunebuli iyos
kanonmdeblobaSi, magram ara rogorc sisxlis samarTlis
procesis principi, radgan igi ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis mTel rig fundamentur sawyisebs.
upirveles yovlisa, saproceso SeTanxmeba winaaRmde-
gobaSia sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiTobasTan.
saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas sruliad ignorirebulia
dazaralebulis interesebi. mas saproceso SeTanxmebis sa-
fuZvelze gamotanili ganaCenis gasaCivrebis uflebac ara
aqvs.
saproceso SeTanxmeba winaaRmdegobaSia saqmis garemoe-
bebis yovelmxrivi, srulyofili, obieqturi gamokvlevis
principTan. rogorc winaswar gamoZiebaSi, aseve sasamarT-
loSi saqmis garemoebebi unda iyos gamokvleuli yovelmxriv,
srulad da obieqturad. saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebisaT-
vis sakmarisia bralis aRiareba da aRiarebis nebayoflobi-
TobaSi sasamarTlos darwmuneba. saqmis garemoebebis
yovelmxrivi, sruli, obieqturi gamokvleva aris WeSmar-
itebis dadgenis safuZveli. WeSmaritebis dadgena warmoad-
gens sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualo mizans. sapro-
156 157
ceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas ki WeSmaritebis dadgenaze
laparaki zedmetia.
saproceso SeTanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba mtkicebulebaTa
Sinagani rwmeniT Sefasebis princips, romlis Tanaxmadac,
braldebulis aRiareba, Tu is ar dasturdeba sxva mtkice-
bulebebiT sakmarisi ar aris mis mier danaSaulis Cadenis
Sesaxeb daskvnisaTvis. ganaCeni SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod
erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas.
saproceso SeTanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis samarTlis
procesis uSualobisa da zepirobis princips, romlis Ta-
naxmadac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad udevs
mxolod is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic gamokvleuli iyo
sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa monawileobiT. saproceso
SeTanxmebis safuZvelze ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi ki
ar warmoebs mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva.
saproceso SeTanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba sajaroobasa da
dispoziciurobas. sajarooba moiTxovs gamomZiebelma,
prokurorma, mosamarTlem daadginon danaSauli da misi
Camdeni piri, Caataron yvela saproceso moqmedeba, rogorc
sakuTari iniciativiT, ise dainteresebuli piris Suamdgom-
lobiT, rac saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas ar xorciel-
deba. aseve ignorirebulia dispoziciurobis sawyisi, radgan,
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe
ganaCenis gamotanisas ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli dazarale-
bulis interesebi.
saproceso SeTanxmeba garkveulawilad ewinaaRmdegeba
kanonis da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis, saproceso
moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis Tavisuflebis
da sxva principebs.
11) sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqveynooba11) sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqveynooba
moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi ganasx-
vavebs saqveynoobisa da sajaroobis cnebebs erTmaneTisagan
da orive cal-calke principis saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli.
iuridiul literaturaSi avtorTa nawili (magaliTad, a.T.
koni, a.p. CebiSevi-dmitrievi, n.a. nekliudovi, m.s. strogovi-
Ci) TiTqmis aigivebda am or cnebas procesSi. avtorTa
nawili ki (magaliTad k.k. arsenievi, v.n. palauzovi, v.k.
sluCevski, i.a. foinicki) Tvlida, rom sajarooba igive
oficialuroba procesis damoukidebeli principia, romel-
sac unari aqvs iarsebos saqveynoobis principTan erTad.
`adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis
Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia iTvaliswinebs yoveli adamianis
uflebas samarTlianad da sajarod iyos misi saqme ganxi-
luli. sajaroobis cneba faqtobrivad ganmartebulia ada-
mianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebebSi, sadac ZiriTadad gatarebulia azri, rom
sajarooba es aris is, rac xelmisawvdomia farTo sazoga-
doebisaTvis, anu sajarooba gaTanabrebulia procesis
saqveynoobasTan.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqveynooba, upirveles
yovlisa, gulisxmobs saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi Ria
sxdomaze, sajarod, saqveynod. moqalaqes 16 wlis asakidan
ufleba aqvs daeswros saqmis ganxilvas. saqveynoobis prin-
cipis safuZvelze sazogadoebas eZleva SesaZlebloba Seafa-
sos procesis mimdinareoba da Sedegebi da amiT moaxdinos
sasamarTlos saqmianobis Taobaze sazogadoebrivi azris
formireba. saqveynooba uzrunvelyofs procesis mwarmoe-
beli organos saqmianobaze socialur kontrols, sasa-
marTlo xelisuflebis avtoritetis amaRlebas. rodesac
sasamarTlo sxdomaTa darbazSi mxolod mxareebi monawileo-
ben da ara farTo sazogadoebrioba, es garemoeba Sejibre-
158 159
biTobas uzRudavs dinamizms da simZafres, TiTqos mosamar-
Tlis, prokuroris, damcvelis pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba
naklebia. cxadia, udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo
Senobis garegan da Sinagan iers, garemos. iuridiul lit-
eraturaSi samarTlianad aris aRniSnuli, rom samarTal-
warmoeba ara mxolod gulisxmobs marTlmsajulebis ganx-
orcielebas, aramed unda gamoiyurebodes rogorc marTlm-
sajuleba.
saqveynoba gulisxmobs imasac, rom sasamarTlo pro-
cesi iyos gaSuqebuli masmediis saSualebebiT, rac unda
ganxorcieldes saproceso kanonis farglebSi. sasamarTlo
pativiscemiTa da gagebiT unda moekidos masmediis miswrafe-
bas gaaSuqon sasamarTlo saqmianoba, magram ar unda uSlides
xels sasamarTlo procesis Catarebas da ar unda iyos
gamoyenebuli rogorc sasamarTlos mimarT zemoqmedeba.
saproceso kodeqsi cvlilebebis Setanamde (2007 w. 11
ivlisi) uSvebda sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas foto,
kino, videogadaRebas, audioCanawers, radioTi da tele-
viziiT procesis translacias sasamarTlos motivirebuli
gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze. aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebebis
gamoyenebis akrZalvac daSvebuli iyo sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebebiT. amasTan masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs
SeeZloT Tavisuflad gaeSuqebinaT sasamarTlo procesis
mimdinareoba da Sedegebi, oRond am dros maT unda exelmZ-
RvanelaT udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principiT.
kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebebis Sedegad ara mxolod sasa-
marTlo sxdomis darbazSi, aramed sasamarTlos SenobaSic
ki saerTod akrZalulia da dauSvebelia saqmis ganxilvis
foto, kino da videogadaReba, garda im SemTxvevisa, rode-
sac aRniSnuli xorcieldeba sasamarTlos mier. sasamarTlo
uflebamosilia gaavrcelos mis xelT arsebuli sasamarT-
lo procesis foto, kino da videogadaRebis masalebi, Tu
es ar ewinaaRmdegeba kanons.
`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ organuli kanonis
me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad daSvebulia sasamarTlo sxdomis
stenografireba da audioCawera sasamarTlos mier dadge-
nili wesiT. es imas niSnavs, rom procesis monawileebs,
sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi myof pirebs sasamarTlos
winaswari nebarTvis safuZvelze eqnebaT SesaZlebloba
moaxdinon sasamarTlo sxdomis audioCawera, rac SeiZleba
SeizRudos aseve mosamarTlis, sasamarTlos motivirebuli
gadawyvetilebiT. marTalia, nebarTvis gacemisas ar aris
kanonSi miTiTebuli saproceso aqtis gamotanis aucile-
blobaze, magram radganac SezRudva moiTxovs sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, unda vivaraudoT, rom nebarT-
vis gacema (anu kanonSi miTiTebuli sasamarTlos mier
dadgenili wesis gamoyeneba) praqtikulad unda ganxor-
cieldes saTanado saproceso gadawyvetilebis gamotanis
safuZvelze.
aris Tu ara kanonis aRniSnuli moTxovna saqveynoobis
principis SuzRudva?
erTis mxriv, bolo periodSi saqarTvelos saerTo
sasamarTloebSi Catarebulma gaxmaurebulma procesebma
cxadyves, rom masmediis mier videomasalis safuZvelze
ganxorcielebulma sasamarTlo procesis gaSuqebam farTo
sazogadoebas misca SesaZlebloba Tvalyuri edevnebina
sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros mimdinare procesebi-
sadmi, eqscesebisadmi da Seefasebina sasamarTlos mier
miRebuli gadawyvetilebis samarTlianoba da kanoniereba.
meores mxriv, aRmoCnda, rom aRniSnuli videomasala,
reportaJi, siuJeti masmediis mier SeiZleba gamoyenebuli
iyos ama Tu im politikuri jgufis, klanis interesebis
160 161
sazianod Tu sasargeblod. unda vaRiaroT, rom masmedia
pirdapir Tu arapirdapir, magram aSkarad zemoqmedebas axdens
sasamarTloze. videokamerebi, rogorc teqnikuri gamoyeneb-
is TvalsazrisiT, aseve fsiqologiuri kuTxiTac xels
uSlis sasamarTlos _ misi yuradReba koncentrirebuli
iyos mxolod da mxolod gansaxilveli saqmis garemoebebis
mimarT. amasTan erTad, telekamerebi sxdomaTa darbazSi
uneburad iwveven procesis monawileTa pirad cxovrebaSi
farTo auditoriis Carevas. amitom dauSvebelia pirdapiri
translacia sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazidan. demokratiu-
lobis maRali xarisxi da sazogadoebis socialuri kon-
trolis aucilebloba ar SeiZleba davupirispiroT mo-
qalaqeTa piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobisa da mosa-
marTleTa damoukideblobis saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv
principebs.
sasamarTlo sxdomis fiqsacia sxvadasxva teqnikuri
saSualebebiT unda ganxorcieldes uSualod sasamarTlos
mier da dainteresebul mxares, Tu procesis sxva monawiles
unda mieces SesaZlebloba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi miiRos
Sesabamisi masala.
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evrop-
uli konvenciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, presa da sazoga-
doeba SesaZlebelia ar iyos daSvebuli sasamarTlo ganx-
ilvis msvlelobis mTel manZilze an mis nawilze demokra-
tiul sazogadoebaSi arsebuli zneobis, sazogadoebrivi
wesrigis an erovnuli uSiSroebis mosazrebebidan gamom-
dinare, aseve Tu amas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanis inter-
esebi, anda mxareTa piradi cxovrebis dacva, anda gansa-
kuTrebul garemoebaTa gamo, rodesac saqveynoobiT dar-
Rveuli iqneboda marTlmsajulebis interesebi.
saqveynoobis principis SezRudvis dasaxelebuli safuZ-
vlebi mocemulia aseve samoqalaqo da politikuri ufle-
bebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtis me-14 muxlSi.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
me-16 muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlos ufle-
bamosilebas Caataros mTlianad an nawilobriv daxuruli
sasamarTlo sxdoma saxelmwifo, samsaxurebrivi an komer-
ciuli saidumloebis dacvis mizniT, agreTve piradi mimow-
eris da satelegrafo Setyobinebis sasamarTlo sxdomaze
gamoqveynebisas, Tu amaze Tanaxma ar aris piri. garda amisa,
mxaris moTxovniT mTlianad an nawilobriv daxarul sasa-
marTlo sxdomaze ganixileba arasrulwlovanis danaSaulis
saqme, sqesobrivi danaSaulis, adamianiT vaWrobis (trefik-
ingis) danaSaulis da sxva kategoriis saqmeebi, raTa ar
gaxmaurdes cnobebi saqmeSi monawile pirTa intimuri an
piradi cxovrebis saidumloebis Sesaxeb, rodesac amas
moiTxovs procesis monawilisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis an
axlo naTesavebis piradi usafrTxoebis dacva.
garda amisa, daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganix-
ileba sagamoZiebo organoebis wardgineba (Suamdgomloba)
piris konstituciuri uflebebis SemzRudveli saproceso
iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis da saproceso moqmedebebis gamoy-
enebis mizniT sasamarTlo brZanebisa da dadgenilebis
gamoTxovis Taobaze, garda aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyene-
bis SemTxvevisa. Tumca sssk 160-e muxlis me-6 nawilis
Tanaxmad, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebelia sxdomis
daxurva wesrigis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
miuxedavad imisa, saqme Ria sxdomaze iyo ganxiluli
Tu daxurul sxdomaze, miRebuli gadawyvetileba cxad-
deba saqveynod.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqvey-
nooba moicavs ara mxolod saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi
162 163
Ria sxdomaze, aramed SuzRuduli formiT, magram mainc igi
moicavs winaswari gamoZiebis stadiasac.
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze saqveynooba gulisxmobs
gamomZieblis, prokuroris gadawyvetilebiT winaswari
gamoZiebis masalebis gaSuqebas masmediis saSualebebiT, _
presaSi, radioTi, televiziiT.
winaswari gamoZiebis monacemebis naadrevma gaxmaurebam
SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos danaSaulis gaxsnas. amitom
gamoZiebis monacemebi sajaro SeiZleba gaxdes mxolod im
moculobiT, rogorc amas miiCneven gamomZiebeli da proku-
rori.
cxadia, aRniSnuli masalis gaxmaurebisas dasaxele-
bulma Tanamdebobis pirebma unda daicvan udanaSaulobis
prezumfciis principi.
sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi ar daiSveba 16 wels
miuRweveli piri, Tu igi ar aris mxare an mowme. aseve ar
daiSveba SeiaraRebuli piri, Tu is ar aris iusticiis
saministros sabadrago samsaxuris TanamSromeli, romlis
daSveba sxdomis darbazSi moxdeba sasamarTlo sxdomis
Tavmjdomaris nebarTviT.
12) sisxlis samarTlis procesis ena12) sisxlis samarTlis procesis ena
saqarTvelos konstituciidan gamomdinare sisxlis sa-
marTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-17 muxli adgens, rom
sisxlis samarTlis procesi xorcieldeba qarTul enaze,
afxazeTSi _ agreTve afxazur enaze.
kanoni gansazRvravs ra samarTalwarmoebis enas, imavdrou-
lad sisxlis samarTlis procesis TiToeul monawiles aZlevs
Tavisi mSobliuri enis gamoyenebis uflebis garantias.
saproceso kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, Tu saqmis ganxil-
vaSi monawile pirma ar icis samarTalwarmoebis ena, mas
ufleba aqvs misces Cveneba, gaakeTos gancxadeba, aRZras
Suamdgomloba, Seitanos saCivari, gamovides sasamarTloSi
mSobliur enaze an im enaze, romelic ukeT icis. amasTan
procesis monawiles, romelmac ar icis, an arasaTanadod
icis procesis ena daeniSneba Tarjimani. Tarjimnis xarjebs
saxelmwifo aanazRaurebs.
samarTalwarmoebis enis ar mcodned iTvleba piri,
romelsac ar esmis an cudad esmis samarTalwarmoebis ena
da ar Seswevs unari Tavisuflad ganmartos mocemul enaze
esa Tu is terminebi an garemoebebi, rac dakavSirebulia
saqmis warmoebasTan.
samarTalwarmoebis enis ar mcodne piris TarjimniT
uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqma ganixileba rogorc sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kanonis arsebiTi darRveva. Tarjimani
SeiZleba iyos mxolod is piri, romelic Tavisuflad flobs
samarTalwarmoebis enas da im enas, romelic procesis
monawilisaTvis mSobliuria an romelic man ukeT icis.
Tarjimanis Sromis anazRaureba xdeba saxelmwifos xarjze.
dauSvebelia procesis mwarmoebeli Tanamdebobis piris mier
Tarjimnis movaleobis Sesruleba.
marTalia, saproceso dokumentebi unda iyos Sedgenili
saxelmwifo enaze, magram maTi aslebi braldebuls, gan-
sasjels da procesis sxva monawiles unda gadaeces Tavis
mSobliur enaze, an im enaze Targmnili, romelic man ukeT
icis. roca ganaCeni cxaddeba imavdroulad unda iyos is
Tarjimnis mier gadaTargmnili gansasjelis mSobliur enaze,
an im enaze, romelic man ukeT icis.
sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso moqmedebebSi Tarjimnis
monawileoba uzrunvelyofs samarTalwarmoebis enis arm-
codne piris uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvas,
imavdroulad ki xels uwyobs procesis mwarmoebel orga-
164 165
nos miiRos sruli da zusti informacia dasakiTxi piri-
sagan, ganmartebis, Cvenebis mimcemi pirisagan.
kanonmdebeli mxedvelobaSi iRebs imas, rom Tarjimnis
daxmarebiTac ki Zalze Znelia sakuTari Tavis dacvis
uflebis ganxorcieleba im pirisaTvis, romelmac ar icis
samarTalwarmoebis ena, amitom savaldebulo wesiT uSvebs
damcvelis monawileobas rogorc winaswar gamoZiebaSi, aseve
sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis saxelmwifo enaze ganx-
orcielebis principi gulisxmobs imasac, rom gamomZiebeli,
prokurori da mosamarTle movaleni arian kargad flobd-
nen saxelmwifo enas. enis ar codna an arasaTanadod cod-
na maT xels uSlis jerovnad Seasrulon TavianTi sapro-
ceso movaleobebi Tarjimnis daxmarebiTac ki da arTmevs
SesaZleblobas mosamarTles monawileoba miiRos saTaTbiro
oTaxSi gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, sadac Tarjimnis Sesvla
dauSvebelia.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis saxelmwifo enaze ganx-
orcielebis principi SesaZlebels xdis yvela moqalaqisaT-
vis iyos xelmisawvdomi da gasagebi sisxlis samarTalwar-
moeba. igi amave dros warmoadgens saqmeSi monawile yvela
piris kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis garan-
tias miuxedavad erovnuli kuTvnilebisa, igi aseve war-
moadgens procesis monawileTa uflebebisa da kanonieri
interesebis dacvis garantiasac. sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis saxelmwifo enaze ganxorcielebis principi warmoad-
gens erovnuli Tanasworobis saxelmwifoebrivi garantiis
gamovlenas. amave dros, igi qmnis saqmis garemoebebis
yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvlevis pirobebs,
uzrunvelyofs saqveynoobis, zepirobis, mxareTa Tanasworo-
bis, SejibrebiTobis da sxva sawyisebis realizacias.
13) saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da 13) saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da
sruli gamokvlevasruli gamokvleva
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
me-18 muxlis Tanaxmad, gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosa-
marTle da sasamarTlo valdebulni arian utyuarad daadg-
inon moxda Tu ara danaSauli, vin Caidina igi da gaarkvi-
on mtkicebis sagnis yvela sxva garemoeba sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. saqmis garemoebebis gamokvl-
eva unda iyos yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da sruli.
aRniSnuli principis moqmedeba vrceldeba sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis yvela stadiaze _ rogorc winaswar
gamoZiebaSi, aseve sasamarTloSi.
saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi gamokvleva gulisxmobs
saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone yvela garemoebis, garemoe-
baTa calkeuli mxareebis da saqmesTan kavSirSi myofi,
Sesaxebi mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevas. yovelmxrivi gamokv-
leva moicavs aseve saqmeze yvela SesaZlebeli versiis
wamoyenebas da Semowmebas, rac xels uwyobs saqmis gamoZie-
bis mimarTulebis gansazRvras da iZleva SesaZleblobas
Tavidan iyos acilebuli calmxrivoba saqmis warmoebaSi.
saqmis garemoebebis sruli gamokvleva gulisxmobs mt-
kicebis saganSi Semavali yvela garemoebis dadgenas. saqmis
garemoebebis sruli gamokvleva moicavs yvela im piris
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemas, romlebmac da-
naSauli Caidines braldebulTan erTad, TanamonawileobiT,
aseve braldebulis mier Cadenili yvela qmedebis, qmedebis
calkeuli epizodebis dadgenas. saqmis garemoebebis sruli
gamokvleva aseve gulisxmobs danaSaulis Cadenis xerxis,
saSualebis, motivis gansazRvrasac. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelo-
bis mqone garemoebebis arasruli gamokvleva iwvevs ganaCenis
166 167
gauqmebas.
saqmis garemoebebis obieqturi gamokvleva gulisxmobs
imas, rom Tanabrad iyos gamokvleuli braldebulis rogorc
mamxilebeli da misi pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli gare-
moebebi, aseve braldebulis gamamarTlebeli da misi pasux-
ismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi. obieqturoba
samarTlebrivi da zneobrivi moTxovnaa. igi gulisxmobs
gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis miukerZoeblobas,
maT mier gadawyvetilebis miRebas saqmis faqtobrivi masalis
mixedviT da gamoricxavs maTi mxridan subieqtivizms, ten-
denciurobas, rasac saboloo jamSi mivyavarT sabraldebo
gadaxramde.
aRniSnuli principis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare eWvmita-
nilis, braldebulisa da damcvelis yvela gancxadeba da
saCivari udanaSaulobisa Tu naklebi bralis, danaSaulSi
sxva pirTa monawileobis, danaSaulis gamoZiebis an sasa-
marTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros kanonierebis sxva dar-
Rvevebis Taobaze guldasmiT unda Semowmdes.
saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi
gamokvleva gamoricxavs mtkicebis procesSi ukanono da
arazneobrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.
magaliTad, braldebulisagan an procesis sxva subieqtebi-
sagan Cvenebis CamorTmevas Zaladobis, muqaris, SantaJis da
sxva ukanono meTodebis gamoyenebiT.
gamomZiebeli, prokurori movaleni arian miiRon kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi,
sruli, obieqturi gamokvlevis uzrunvelsayofad, raTa
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgindes im saxiT, rogorc
maT hqondaT sinamdvileSi adgili. sasamarTlo inarCunebs
ra obieqturobasa da miukerZoeblobas uzrunvelyofs
braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs saqmis garemoebebis
yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvlevisaTvis sa-
Tanado pirobebiT, maT Soris mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi
monawileobis SesaZleblobiT.
gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis miukerZoe-
bloba gulisxmobs imas, rom aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis
pirebi ar unda iyvnen dainteresebuli saqmis SedegiT, rac
gamoricxavs maT monawileobas samarTalwarmoebaSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principis
realizacia praqtikulad problematuri iqneboda kanoni
procesis mwarmoebeli organosagan rom ar moiTxovdes
saqmis garemobebis yovelmxriv, obieqtur da srul gamokv-
levas. Tavis mxriv, aRniSnuli principis dacvis garantias
warmoadgens braldebis mtkicebis movaleobis braldebu-
lisaTvis dakisrebis akrZalva.
saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, sruli, obieqturi
gamokvlevis principi udevs safuZvlad sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa gaerTianebasa da gamoyofas, piris braldebulis
saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemas, sabraldebo daskvnis Sedgenas,
ganaCenis gamotanas.
saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, sruli, obieqturi
gamokvleva uzrunvelyofs saqmeze kanonieri, dasabuTebuli
da samarTliani gadawyvetilebis miRebas, saqmeSi monawile
pirTa uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvas da rac
yvelaze mniSvnelovania saqmis garemoebebis, yovelmxrivi,
sruli, obieqturi gamokvleva aris sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis Seucvleli winapiroba.
14) mtkicebulebis Sefaseba Sinagani rwmeniT14) mtkicebulebis Sefaseba Sinagani rwmeniT
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba mtkicebis procesis erT-erTi
etapia. mtkicebis procesi aris Semecnebis procesi, sadac
dgindeba WeSmariteba. mtkicebis procesis elementebi _
mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba, damagreba, Semowmeba da Sefaseba,
168 169
urTierTkavSirSia, erTi mTliani procesia. praqtiulad
warmoudgenelia mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba, damagreba da
Semowmeba maTi Sefasebis gareSe.
unda iTqvas, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba ar aris mx-
olod saxelmwifo organoTa monopolia. mtkicebulebebs
afaseben rogorc procesis mwarmoebeli saxelmwifo orga-
nos Tanamdebobis pirebi, aseve procesis is monawilenic,
romelTac damoukidebuli saproceso interesi gaaCniaT
saqmeSi (eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli, maTi dam-
cveli, dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli, samoqalaqo
mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe da maTi warmomadgeneli).
amasTan gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis mier mt-
kicebulebaTa Sefasebis safuZvelze sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze miiReba gadawyvetileba, xolo procesis danarCeni
monawileebis mier mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba qmnis bazas
saCivris, gancxadebis, Suamdgomlobis SedgenisaTvis.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba es aris sisxlis samarTlis
procesis subieqtebis azrobrivi saqmianobis Sedegi, romel-
ic moicavs mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxebobis, dasaSvebobis,
utyuarobis da sakmarisobis dadgenas.
mtkicebelebaTa Sesaxeboba gulisxmobs mis damokideb-
ulebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan. mocemuli saqmis
Sesaxebia mtkicebuleba, romelic naTels hfens saqmis Tun-
dac erT romelime garemoebas, erT detals da aqedan
gamomdinare kavSirSia am saqmesTan.
mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba gulisxmobs mis vargisian-
obas. uvargisia, dauSvebelia mtkicebuleba, Tu misi mop-
ovebisas darRveulia saproceso kodeqsis moTxovnebi. mt-
kicebuleba dauSveblad miiCneva procesis mwarmoebeli
organos Tanamdebobis piris dadgenilebiT da igi saqmidan
unda iyos amoRebuli.
mtkicebulebaTa utyuaroba gulisxmobs mis saimedoobas,
sarwmunoobas. utyuaria mtkicebuleba, romlis sarwmunoo-
bis xarisxi maRalia.
mtkicebulebaTa sakmarisoba gansazRvravs mtkicebis
farglebs. sakmarisoba mxolod mtkicebulebaTa raodenobas
ar gulisxmobs. igi mtkicebulebaTa Tvisobriv maxasiaTeb-
elsac warmoadgens. SeiZleba iTqvas, sakmarisoba wminda
SefasebiTi kategoriaa. aris Tu ara sakmarisi saqmeze
Sekrebili mtkicebulebebi piris damnaSaved cnobis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad _ procesis mwarmoebelma or-
ganom da Tanamdebobis pirma unda Seafason.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-19 muxlis
Tanaxmad, araviTar mtkicebulebas ara aqvs winaswar dadge-
nili Zala. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle da sasa-
marTlo mtkicebulebebs afaseben TavianTi Sinagani rwmeniT.
rwmena ar aris arc intuicia, arc varaudi. rwmena fsiqolo-
giur literaturaSi ganixileba rogorc gare samyaros
Semecnebis Sedegi. procesualistebi ganixilaven rwmenas
`SinaganTan~ erTad, rogorc mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis me-
Tods, saSualebas, kriteriums, rogorc mtkicebulebaTa
Sefasebis Sedegs.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba Sinagani rwmeniT ar niSnavs
mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas subieqturi mosazrebebisa da
piradi Sexedulebebis safuZvelze. Sinagani rwmena unda
emyarebodes saqmis masalebis yovelmxriv, srulyofil da
obieqtur gamokvlevasa da Seswavlas. amasTan sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesSi gansazRvrulia mtkicebulebebis Tav-
isufali Sefaseba. rac imas niSnavs, rom procesis mwar-
moebeli organos erTi Tanamdebobis piris mier mtkiceb-
ulebebis Sefasebis Sedegi savaldebulo ar aris meore
pirisaTvis. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle cal-
170 171
calke, damoukideblad afaseben yvela mtkicebulebebs.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis subieqtebi mtkicebule-
baTa Sefasebisas xelmZRvaneloben kanoniT da marTlSegnebiT.
es imas niSnavs, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas unda iyos
gamoyenebuli saproceso kanonis normebi. aucilebelia mt-
kicebulebaTa Sefasebis subieqts hqondes moqmedi sapro-
ceso kanonmdeblobis saTanado codna da misi analizisa da
ganzogadebis unari.
kanonis Tanaxmad, arc erT mtkicebulebas ara aqvs wi-
naswar dadgenili Zala. es imas niSnavs, rom ar arsebobs
prioritetuli mtkicebuleba. iyo periodi, roca eqspertis
daskvnas, bralis aRiarebas upiratesoba eniWeboda. cxadia,
es Secdoma iyo. bralis aRiareba calsaxad ar niSnavs imas,
rom danaSauli braldebulis mier aris Cadenili, radgan
bralis aRiarebas SeiZleba adgili hqondes sxvadasxva mo-
tiviT, kerZod, ufro mZime danaSaulis Cadenis dafarvis
gamo, axlobeli adamianis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismge-
blobisagan ganTavisuflebis mizniT, kriminaluri avto-
ritetis saxelis damkvidrebis motiviT, angarebis, muqaris,
SantaJis gamo da a.S. amitom bralis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi
saqmis garemoebebi unda iyos gamokvleuli srulad da
yovelmxriv iseve, rogorc bralis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi.
kanonis Tanaxmad, bralis aRiareba, Tu is ar dasturdeba
sxva mtkicebulebebiT, sakmarisi ar aris mis mier danaSau-
lis Cadenis Sesaxeb daskvnisaTvis. ganaCeni SeiZleba efuZne-
bodes mxolod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul mtkicebulebaTa
erTobliobas. yvela mtkicebuleba unda iyos Sefasebuli
rogorc cal-calke, izolirebulad, ise mTlianobaSi
saqmeze Sekrebil yvela masalaTa erTobliobaSi.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba erTobliobaSi ar niSnavs imas,
rom mniSvneloba aqvs mxolod zogad STabeWdilebas, aramed
imas, rom ar aris gamorCeuli arc erTi maTgani. ganaCenis
aRwerilobiT-samotivacio nawilSi sasamarTlom unda daas-
abuTos ratom ar eTanxmeba ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, an
ratom udevs ganaCens safuZvlad sxva mtkicebulebas.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba unda iyos damyarebuli saqmis
masalebis yovelmxriv, srul, obieqtur gamokvlevaze. mt-
kicebulebaTa Sefasebazea damokidebuli ZiriTadi sapro-
ceso gadawyvetilebebis (braldebis wayeneba, aRkveTis
RonisZiebebis SerCeva, Secvla, gauqmeba, winaswari gamoZie-
bis SeCereba, Sewyveta, sabraldebo daskvnis Sedgena, gan-
aCenis Sedgena) miReba.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba Sinagani rwmeniT warmoadgens
gamomZieblis da prokuroris mier kanoniT dadgenil far-
glebSi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas damoukideblobis erT-erT
winapirobas, mosamarTleTa damoukideblobisa da maTi mx-
olod kanonisadmi daqvemdebarebis principis realizaciis
winapirobas.
15) sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualoba da zepi-15) sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualoba da zepi-
robaroba
sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualoba gulisxmobs,
upirveles yovlisa, gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis
valdebulebas saqmis warmoebisas uSualod, TviTon dakiTx-
on braldebuli, gansasjeli, dazaralebuli, mowme; Seis-
wavlon da moisminon eqspertis daskvna, Seamowmon nivTieri
mtkicebuleba. sasamarTlom ganaCens safuZvlad unda daudos
mxolod is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic uSualod gamoikvlia
da ganixila sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa monawileobiT.
mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva sasamarTloSi unda ganxor-
cieldes sasamarTlos sruli SemadgenlobiT. dauSvebelia
erT-erT mosamarTles daevalos romelime sasamarTlo mo-
qmedebis Catareba.
172 173
uSualobis principis ZaliT procesis mwarmoebeli
organos Tanamdebobis pirma uSualod unda aRiqvas yvela
mtkicebuleba da uSualod unda Seafasos isini.
uSualobis principi moicavs moTxovnas, rom gamomZie-
belma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem faqtobrivi monacemebi
miiRos pirvelwyarodan, piradad gamoikvlios isini da aseve
uSualod gamoiyenos saqmeze Tavisi daskvnebis dasasabuTe-
blad. procesis mwarmoebelma organom da Tanamdebobis
pirma uSualod unda dakiTxos TviTmxilveli mowme, uSu-
alod unda gamoikvlios dokumentis dedani, nivTieri mt-
kicebulebebi. pirvelwyarod unda iyos miCneuli ara mx-
olod dokumentis dedani an sagnis originali, aramed piri,
romelmac Seadgina dokumenti, waradgina mocemuli sagani.
pirvelad mtkicebulebebs ufro meti sizuste da saime-
dooba axasiaTebs, vidre nawarmoeb mtkicebulebebs, radgan
isini yovelTvis gaSualebulni arian da maTi gamoyeneba
yovelTvis zrdis arasruli informaciis miRebis albaTobas,
magram im SemTxvevaSi, roca pirveladi mtkicebulebebi
miuwvdomelia sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs gamoiyenos nawar-
moebi mtkicebulebebi.
uSualobis principi moicavs sasamarTloSi sagamoZiebo
moqmedebaTa oqmebisa da sxva dokumentebis gamoqveynebas
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebiT. mocemuli oqmebi
asaxaven gamomZieblis mier sxvadasxva moqmedebaTa aRqmis
Sedegebs da warmoadgenen pirvelad mtkicebulebebs. gamokv-
levisa da gamoqveynebis gareSe sasamarTlo ar aris ufle-
bamosili daeyrdnos am mtkicebulebebs ganaCenSi. uSualo-
bis principis ZaliT saqmis ganxilva unda mimdinareobdes
sasamarTlos ucvleli SemadgenlobiT da uwyvetad1, rac
1 samwuxarod, moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT sasamarTlo ganxilvis uwyvetobis
principi gauqmebulia. arada uwyvetobis principis mixedviT sasamarTlos uSu-
uzrunvelyofs mosamarTlis mier mtkicebulebaTa aRqmis
mTlianobas da xels Seuwyobs misi Sinagani rwmenis sworad
formirebas.
aRniSnuli principis meSveobiT mxareebi Sedian uSualo
kontaqtSi erTmaneTTan da sasamarTlosTan, eZlevaT re-
aluri SesaZlebloba aqtiurad miiRon monawileoba yvela
mtkicebulebis gamokvlevaSi, romlebic SeiZleba daedos
safuZvlad ganaCens.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad uSualobis principidan gadaxveva
dasaSvebia mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.
kerZod, sssk 473-e muxlis Tanaxmad Tu gansasjelma Tavi
damnaSaved scno da es aRiareba nebayoflobiTia, ar iwvevs
sasamarTlos eWvs da mxareebic ar arian winaaRmdegni,
sasamarTlo gamoZieba SeiZleba ar Catardes da sasamarTlo
gadavides sasamarTlo kamaTze. aseve, kanonSi 2006 wlis
28 aprils Sesuli cvlilebebiT saapelacio wesiT saqmis
ganxilvisas daiSveba mxolod saapelacio instanciaSi war-
modgenili saqmisaTvis axali mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva,
xolo pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi gamokvleuli
yvela mtkicebuleba miiCneva gamokvleulad, garda calkeu-
li gamonaklisisa. uSualobis principis SezRudva saapel-
acio instanciaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, faqtobrivad azrs
ukargavs gasaCivrebas, radgan apelacia arsebiTad saqmis
xelaxla ganxilvas gulisxmobs.
uSualoobasTan erTad sssk me-20 muxliT reglamen-
tirebuli zepirobis principi.
zepiroba warmoadgens procesis monawileTa kontaqtis
formas erTmaneTTan da procesis mwarmoebel organosTan.
alod unda aReqva da daemaxsovrebina mxolod mocemuli saqmis masalebi da am
saqmis ganxilvis uSualo STabeWdilebiT unda Sesuliyo saTaTbiro oTaxSi.
174 175
kanonis Tanaxmad, winaswar gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlo
ganxilvis dros dakiTxuli piri Cvenebas iZleva zepirad.
dakiTxvac xorcieldeba zepirad. Cveneba oqmSi unda iqnes
Setanili.
marTalia, zepiroba gamoiyeneba winaswar gamoZiebaSic,
magram igi srulad vlindeba sasamarTloSi. zepirobis pi-
robebSi ufro meti SesaZleblobaa sasamarTlom SeinarCu-
nos obieqturoba da damoukidebloba amasTanave, ufro
srulad realizdeba mxareTa Tanasworobac, radgan mxa-
reebi roca procesSi pirispir imyofebian zepiri forma
xdeba maTi urTierTobis yvelaze xelsayreli saSualeba.
sasamarTlo ganxilvis zepiroba gamoixateba imaSic, rom
mtkicebuleba mosamarTlem unda aRiqvas zepirad da igi
aseve zepirad unda iyos ganxiluli procesis monawileTa
mier. sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa werilobiTi gaformeba (oqmis
Sedgena) ki xels uwyobs maT sworad fiqsacias da exmare-
ba zemdgom sasamarTlos Seamowmos sasamarTlos mier miRe-
buli gadawyvetilebis kanoniereba da dasabuTebuloba.
zepiroba gansazRvravs procesis subieqtebis urTier-
Tobas, warmoadgens maTi sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis formas
da mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis meTods. am principis Zal-
iT saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone yvela masala, yvela
saproceso moqmedeba, sasamarTlo sxdomaze wamoWrili
yvela sakiTxi gadmoicema zepiri formiT. sasamarTlom unda
moisminos zepirad Cvenebebi, mxareTa ganmartebebi, gancxa-
debebi, Suamdgomlobebi, gamoqveynebuli oqmebi da sxva
dokumentebi, aseve sabraldebo da dacviTi sityvebi, gan-
sasjelis sabolo sityva.
rac Seexeba oqmebis da sxva dokumentebis gamoqveynebas,
am SemTxvevaSi zepirobis principi uSualobis princips
erwymis. amasTan zepirobis principi gulisxmobs imasac,
rom faqtobrivi monacemebi SeZlebisdagvarad unda gamom-
dinareobdes mtkicebulebaTa wyarodan zepirad da ara
mxolod dokumentidan, romelsac SenarCunebuli aqvs
werilobiTi forma. roca nivTieri mtkicebulebebia saqmeSi,
unda daikiTxos is piri, romelmac waradgina sagani, nivTi
an miiRo monawileoba maT aRmoCenaSi da amoRebaSi, radgan
fizikuri piris sityvieri ganmartebis gareSe sagani, nivTi
arasakmarisad informaciuli iqneba. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,
sasamaroTlos ganaCeni unda iyos dafuZnebuli mxolod im
mtkicebulebebze, romlebic gamokvleuli iyo sasamarTlo
procesze. aseTi gamokvleva ki unda moxdes zepiri formiT.
amasTan kanoni uSvebs zepirobis proncipis SezRudvasac.
kerZod, moyvanis Sesaxeb (sssk 175-e m. me-4 naw.), qonebaze
yadaRis dadebis Sesaxeb (sssk 197-e m.) sasamarTlo brZane-
bis gamotanis Taobaze Suamdgomloba sasamarTlos mier
ganixileba zepiri mosmenis gareSe; saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos did palataSi sasamarTloSi wesrigis dar-
Rvevis Sesaxeb mosamarTlis gankargulebaze saCivari ganix-
ileba zepiri mosmenis gareSe (sssk 208-e m.); saapelacio
sasamarTlo zepiri mosmenis gareSe ganixilavs saCivars
naklebad mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa saqmeebze, aseve sa-
Civars mxolod sasjelis Semcirebis Taobaze (sssk 529-e
m.).
sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualoba da zepiroba
warmaodgens SejibrebiTobisa da saqveynoobis principis
realizaciis saSualebas.
16) saproceso moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis gasa-16) saproceso moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis gasa-
Civrebis Tavisufleba.Civrebis Tavisufleba.
gasaCivrebis Tavisufleba saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi
principia. igi gaTvaliswinebulia mraval saerTaSoriso
176 177
dokumentSi, kerZod, samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa
Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtis me-4 muxlSi, adamianis ufle-
baTa da TavisuflebaTa Sesaxeb evropis konvenciis me-5
mexlSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa
dacvis konvencia iTvaliswinebs nebismieri piris uflebas
mimarTos evropul sasamarTlos (romelic mdebareobs
strasburgSi) siCivriT. aRniSnuli sasamarTlo saCivars
gansaxilvelad iRebs mxolod mas Semdeg, rac gamoyenebuli
iyo dacvis yvela saSualeba 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi Sesabam-
isi saxelmwifo organoebis mier saboloo gadawyvetileb-
is miRebis Semdeg. saqme ganixileba Ria sasamarTlo sxdo-
maze sajaroobis principis dacviT.
saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, TiToeul mo-
qalaqes garantirebuli aqvs misi uflebebisa da Tavisufle-
bebis sasamarTlo dacva. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasa-
marTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT araerTxel miiCnia ara-
konstituciurad gasaCivrebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis gamo
sssk-is normebi, ris safuZvelzec amJamad daiSveba sasa-
marTlo wesiT gasaCivreba, kerZod, saqmis Sewyvetis, qone-
baze yadaRis dadebis, sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi wes-
rigis darRvevisa da mosamarTlis SeuracxyofisaTvis dapa-
timrebis gamoyenebisas miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis da a.S.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufleba am-
cirebs sasamarTlo Secdomebis albaTobas da kanonieri da
samarTliani gadawyvetilebis miRebis winapirobas warmoad-
gens. swored amitomac aris sasamarTloSi mimarTvis da
Sesabamisad gasaCivrebis ufleba garantirebuli konsti-
tuciiTa da saerTaSoriso normebiT.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
21-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarT-
los moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawilis mier.
procesis mwarmoebeli organo ara mxolod movalea
ganumartos es ufleba procesis subieqtebs, aramed uzrun-
velyos kidec isini am uflebis ganxorcielebis SesaZle-
blobiT.
gasaCivrebis Tavisufleba moqmedebs rogorc sasamarT-
loSi, aseve winaswar gamoZiebaSi. magaliTad, gamomZieblis
moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba saCivrdeba prokurorTan.
prokuroris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba gasaCivrdeba zem-
dgom prokurorTan; gamomZieblis, prokuroris moqmedeba an
gadawyvetileba aseve SeiZleba gasaCivrdes uSualod sasa-
marTloSi; aRkveTis RonisZebis saxiT dapatimrebis gasa-
Civreba SeiZleba saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo
kolegiaSi; msjavrdebuls, dazaralebuls, samoqalaqo
mosarCeles, samoqalaqo mopasuxes ufleba aqvT pirveli
instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCeni gaasaCivron aranakleb or
sasamarTlo instanciaSi.
amasTan, saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gasaCivrebis Tav-
isufleba yovelTvis ar aris uzrynvelyofili. magaliTad,
kanonis Tanaxmad, braldebulis saxiT sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobaSi micemis Sesaxeb dadgenileba ar SeiZle-
ba gasaCivrdes dacvis mxaris mier sasamarTloSi, rac
gasaCivrebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvas warmoadgens.
sayuradReboa saproceso kanonis moTxovna, kerZod, sssk
21-e muxlis II nawilis Tanaxmad, organos, romelic process
awarmoebs ufleba ara aqvs, saCivari gamoiyenos saCivris
Semtani piris an im piris sazianod, romlis interesebis
dasacavadac igi iyo Setanili, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca
sxva pirma an organom Seitana sawinaaRmdego xasiaTis sa-
Civari, anda saCivris Semowmebisas dadginda sxva garemoe-
178 179
bebi. magaliTad, saapelacio sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs
gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis nacvlad gamoitanos gamamtyune-
beli ganaCeni an sxvagvarad gaauaresos msjavrdebulis
mdgomareoba, Tu saqmis gadasinjva xdeba mxolod gansasje-
lis, damcvelis saapelacio saCivris safuZvelze (sssk
540-e m. I naw), magram Tu prokurorma, dazaralebulma
Seitanes saapelacio saCivari swored am moTxovniT da maT
aseTi pozicia ekavaT pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi,
saapelacio instancias ufleba aqvs gamoitanos gamamarTle-
beli ganaCenis nacvlad gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni an sxvag-
varad gaauaresos msjavrdebulis mdgomareoba.
Tavi VTavi V
procesis monawileni
$1. sasamarTlo$1. sasamarTlo
saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis Tanaxmad:
`yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tavis uflebaTa da Tavisufle-
baTa dasacavad mimarTos sasamarTlos. yoveli piri unda
gansajos mxolod im sasamarTlom, romlis iurisdiqciasac
eqvemdebareba misi saqme.~
`sasamarTlo is erTaderTi organoa, romelsac eniWeba
saxelmwifos saxeliT saqmeze:
a) marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis,
b) procesSi monawile pirTa konstituciuri uflebe-
bis da Tavisuflebebis SemzRudvel saproceso moqmedebebze
nebarTvis gacemis,
g) gamomZieblisa da prokuroris qmedebebze da aqtebze
saCivrebis ganxilvis, d)sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gad-
awyvetilebis kanonierebis da dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis,
gadasinjvis an Secvlis uflebamosileba.
swored es ganapirobebs sasamarTlos gansakuTrebul
adgils procesis mwarmoebel pirTa sistemaSi.
sasamarTlos kompetencias ganekuTvneba:sasamarTlos kompetencias ganekuTvneba:
1. brZanebis gacema moqalaqeTa konstituciuri ufle-
bebisa da Tavisuflebebis SemzRudvel Semdeg saproceso
moqmedebaTa Sesaxeb: braldebulis dapatimreba da patimro-
bis vadis gagrZeleba; braldebulis mimarT sxva aRkveTis
RonisZiebis gamoyeneba; samedicino dawesebulebaSi eqsper-
tizisaTvis piris moTavseba; safosto-satelegrafo kore-
spondenciaze da safosto gzavnilze yadaRis dadeba, maTi
180 181
Semowmeba da amoReba; Cxreka da amoReba; sacxovrebeli
binis an sxva mflobelobis daTvaliereba mflobel pirTa
nebis sawinaaRmdegod; eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis qone-
baze yadaRis dadeba, Tanamdebobidan (samuSaodan) maTi ga-
dayeneba.
2. sssk iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier
ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo organoebi-
saTvis sasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis gagzavnis SesaZleblobas,
rac regulirdeba Sesabamis saxelmwifosTan dadebuli
ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi xelSekrulebebiT.
3. sssk sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) uflebas aZlevs
calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Casatareblad davaleba
gaugzavnos imave an qvemdgom sxva sasamarTlos (mosamar-
Tles), Tu am moqmedebis Catareba SeuZlebelia sasamarTlo
ganxilvis adgilas, magram dauSvebelia sasamarTlo davaleb-
is gagzavna zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlosTvis. magali-
Tad, quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlos ss saqmeTa saapel-
acio palata ar aris uflebamosili sasamarTlo davaleba
gaugzavnos saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos ss saqmeTa
palatas.
4. sasamarTlos mier kerZo ganCinebis (dadgenilebis)
gamotana:
a) moqalaqeTa uflebebis darRvevisa Tu kanonis sxva dar-
RvevaTa gamovlenisas, romlebic daSvebuli iyo winas-
wari gamoZiebis an qvemdgomi sasamarTlos mier saqmis
ganxilvisas.
b) sawarmos, dawesebulebis an organizaciisaTvis infor-
maciis miwodebis mizniT moqalaqis mier sazogadoe-
brivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas maRali Segnebulobis,
vaJkacobis gamovlenis Sesaxeb, ramac xeli Seuwyo da-
naSaulis aRkveTas an gaxsnas.
g). saxelmwifo organos, sazogadoebrivi organizaciis,
politikuri gaerTianebis an Tanamdebobis piris yura-
dRebis miqcevis mizniT saqmeze dadgenili kanonis dar-
Rvevis faqtze, danaSaulis Cadenis mizezsa da xelSew-
yob pirobebze, romlebic saWiroebs saTanado zomebis
miRebas.
kerZo ganCineba (kerZo dadgenileba) gamotanisTanave
unda gadaegzavnos adresats, romelmac 1 Tvis vadaSi unda
acnobos sasamarTlos gatarebuli zomebis Sesaxeb.
sssk adgens sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) movaleobas
zepiri mosmenis gareSe saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis
SemTxvevaSi mxares misces SesaZlebloba, werilobiT war-
moadginos mosazrebebi sasamarTloSi mxaris mier gansax-
ilvelad Setanil SuamdgomlobasTan dakavSirebiT.1
5. marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba: sasamarTlo war-
moadgens sisxlis samarTlis procesis umTavres subieqts,
romelic axorcielebs saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis fun-
qcias. mxolod sasamarTlos aqvs saqmeze marTlmsajuleb-
is ganxorcielebis ufleba. mxolod sasamarTlos aqvs
ufleba scnos piri damnaSaved misTvis Seracxuli danaSau-
lis CadenaSi da ganusazRvros mas konkretuli saxis da
zomis sasjeli.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze marTlmsajulebis ganx-
orcielebis uflebamosileba eniWeba: raionul (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos, saapelacio sasamarTlos da saqarTvelos
uzenaes sasamarTlos. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba krZa-
1. sssk sisxlis samarTlis saqmis zepiri mosmenis gareSe pirveli in-
stanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis SesaZleblobas ar iTvaliswinebs. sssk
uSvebs saapelacio da sakasacio instanciebis sasamarTloebis mier zepiri
mosmenis gareSe zogierTi saCivris (da ara sisxlis samarTlis saqmis) ganx-
ilvis SesaZleblobas. amasTan am SemTxvevaSi ixileba ara Suamdgomloba,
aramed–saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari.
182 183
lavs specialuri da sagangebo sasamarTloebis Seqmnas.
samxedro sasamarTloebis Seqmna daiSveba mxolod saomari
mdgomareobis dros da saerTo sasamarTloebis sistemaSi.
sasamarTlo ar aris SeboWili zemdgomi instanciis
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebiT, Tu isini zRudaven mosa-
marTlis Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze ganaCenis gamotanis
SesaZleblobas. mosamarTle damoukidebelia rogorc
saxelmwifo da TvimmarTvelobis adgilobrivi organoebis,
saxelmwifo da politikuri gaerTianebis mxridan zewolis-
agan, aseve zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos da Tanamdebo-
bis pirebis Carevisagan maT saqmianobaSi gadawyvetilebis
miRebaze zegavlenis mizniT. sasamarTlo axorcielebs
yvela zomas saqmis swori, samarTliani da drouli gadaw-
yvetisaTvis. Tavis saqmianobaSi sasamarTlo damoukidebelia
da emorCileba mxolod kanons.
sasamarTlo arsebiTad ganixilavs saqmes da axdens
gamoZiebis organoebis da dacvis mxaris mier warmodge-
nili mtkicebulebebis detalur da safuZvlian gamokvl-
evas. arc erTi mxaris pozicias, arc erT mtkicebulebas
sasamarTlosaTvis winaswar dadgenili Zala ara aqvs. sasa-
marTlo valdebulia yovelmxriv da sruli moculobiT
Seiswavlos saqmis masalebi, moisminos procesis yvela
monawilis Cvenebebi, uSualod Seamowmos da Seafasos
saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkicebuleba, maT Soris dacvis
specialuri saSualebebis gamoyenebis gziT mopovebuli.
procesis SejibrebiTobis da mowmeTa Tanabar pirobebSi
dakiTxvis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sssk 1091
muxli krZalavs saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros sasamarT-
loSi procesis monawilis dakiTxvas misi vinaobis gasaid-
umloebiT an identificirebis SecvliT. uSualobis prin-
cipidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos ganaCeni SeiZleba eyrd-
nobodes mxolod sasamarTlos mier uSualod Seswavlil
mtkicebulebebs, amitomac, sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas
procesis yvela monawile unda daikiTxos uSualod. sasa-
marTlos ganaCeni gamoaqvs saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkice-
bulebis Seswavlis, Semowmebis da sakuTari Sinagani rwmenis
safuZvelze.
sasamarTlo valdebulia gamoitanos kanonieri, das-
abuTebuli da samarTliani ganaCeni da am mizniT uzrun-
velyos saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi da sruli Ses-
wavla.
sasamarTlos saqmianoba emyareba kanonis da sasamarTlos
winaSe Tanasworobis, SejibrebiTobis, saqveynoobis, sasa-
marTlos damoukideblobis, miukerZoeblobis, saqmis gare-
moebaTa yovelmxriv, srulyofilad da obieqturad ganxil-
vis, saqmeTa erTpirovnulad da kolegialurad ganxilvis,
sasamarTlos Semadgenlobis ucvlelobis, ganaCenis Sinagani
rwmenis safuZvelze dadgenis da sxva principebs.
sasamarTlo ar aris sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis
organo, igi ar axorcielebs arc braldebis da arc dacvis
funqcias. sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisas dacvis da
braldebis funqciebi gamijnulia da sasamarTlo axorcie-
lebs saqmis ganxilvis funqcias. uzrunvelyofs monawile
subieqtebis mier kanonierebis dacvas da maTi uflebebis
da kanonieri interesebis xelSeuxeblobas. mxarisaTvis
upiratesobis miniWebis gareSe Tanabar SesaZleblobebs
uqmnis mxareebs uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvisaTvis;
saWiro pirobebs uqmnis braldebis da dacvis mxareebs mt-
kicebulebebis wardgenisaTvis, maTi yovelmxrivi da sruli
gamokvlevisaTvis, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis nebismier
sakiTxze sakuTari azris gamoTqmis, acilebis da Suamdgom-
lobis gancxadebisaTvis.
184 185
sasamarTlo valdebulia Tavi Seikavos mtkicebulebaTa
Ziebisagan vinaidan mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCena, warmodgena da
gamokvleva mxareTa kompetencias ganekuTvneba. magram Tu
mxares uZneldeba mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCena-wardgena, daex-
maros mas mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovaSi.
sasamarTlo saqmes ixilavs erTpirovnulad an kole-
gialurad 3 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, xolo uzenaesi
sasamarTlos didi palata _ 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
yvela mosamarTle Tanabaruflebiania da Tanabrad
monawileobs saqmis ganxilvaSi. yvela mosamarTles saqmis
ganxilvisas mtkicebulebaTa ganxilvaSi monawileobisa da
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis Tanabari ufleba aqvs. Sesabam-
isad, ganaCenic xmaTa umravlesobiT gamoitaneba. arc erT
mosamarTles ara aqvs ufleba Tavi Seikavos xmis micemisa-
gan.
kerZod, saqarTvelos sssk-is Tanaxmad saqmeTa erT-
pirovnulad ganxilvas, rogorc wesi, axorcieleben:
1. magistrati mosamarTleebi-saproceso iZulebis
RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb da sssk gaTvaliswinebul
sxva SemTxevevebSi, magram, Tu raionul (saqalaqo) sasa-
marTloSi aris mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba kole-
giuri SemadgenlobiT saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, erTpirovnu-
lad saqmis ganmxilvel magistrat mosamarTles SeuZlia
daadginos saqmis kolegiuri ganxilva sami mosamarTlis
SemadgenlobiT, Tu:
a) saqmis ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo praqtikisaTvis;
b) saqme faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT
gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT xasiaTdeba.
imavdroulad raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo ufle-
bamosilia daadginos gansakuTrebiT mZime kategoriis dana-
SaulTa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze saqmeTa kolegialu-
rad ganxilva.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis mosa-
marTle erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saCivrebs saproceso
samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebis gamoyenebaze, maTi vadis
gagrZelebaze da sss kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva sakiTx-
ebze.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos, saapelacio sasa-
marTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmeebs ganixilavs kolegiurad, 3 mosamarTlis
SemadgenlobiT. magram saqarTvelos organuli kanoni
`saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb“ iTvaliswinebs
didi palatis mier gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis
saqmeTa ganxilvas sakasacio wesiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu:
1. saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT samarTlebriv
problemas;
2. sakasacio palata ar iziarebs saapelacio sasamarTlos
mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas;
3. sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi palatis mier adre
Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas
saCivrebsa da wardginebebs axlad aRmoCenil da axlad-
gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze
saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili da
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da sxva
Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis
Sesaxeb saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeTa palata ixilavs kolegiurad sami mosamarTlis
SemadgenlobiT.
gansjadobagansjadoba _ marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze uar-
is Tqma dauSvebelia. sasamarTlo gansjadobis mixedviT
valdebulia ganixilos sisxlis samarTlis saqme, wardgine-
186 187
ba, Suamdgomloba moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebis
SemzRudveli saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, sa-
Civari gamomZieblisa da prokuroris ukanono moqmedebebi-
sa da aqtebis gamo.
aravis ar SeiZleba aRekveTos ufleba misi saqme ganix-
ilos im sasamarTlom an im mosamarTlem, romlis gansja-
dobasac is kanoniT ganekuTvneba. saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis 42-e muxlis Tanaxmad yoveli piri unda gansajos
mxolod im sasamarTlom romlis iurisdiqciasac eqvemde-
bareba misi saqme. gansjadobis kanoniT dadgenili wesis
Secvla dauSvebelia, Tumca aqedan arsebobs gamonaklisic.
rogorc wesi, raionuli, saqalaqo, sasamarTlos gan-
sjadobas mikuTvnebul sakiTxTa wre farToa sxva sasamarT-
loebTan SedarebiT da moicavs praqtikulad yvela katego-
riis sisxlis samarTlis saqmes misi simZimis da sirTu-
lisda miuxedavad. amasTan, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-
los ss saqmeTa palatisagan gansxvavebiT kanoni ar iTva-
liwinebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mier Tavisi
iurisdiqciis daTmobis SesaZleblobas sxva (magaliTad
saapelacio an uzenaesi sasamarTlos) sasamarTlos sasarge-
blod.
im sasamarTlos gansazRvrisas, romelmac unda ganixi-
los saqme, mxedvelobaSi miiReba sasamarTlos kompetencia.
imisaTvis rom dadgindes romeli sasamarTlos gansjadia
konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme unda moxdes konk-
retuli saqmis Taviseburebebis da sasamarTlos kompe-
tenciis Sedareba-Tanxvedra. kanoniT pirdapir gaTval-
iswinebul SemTxvevebSi braldebuls ufleba aqvs airCios
sasamarTlos Semadgenloba, romelmac unda ganixilos
saqme.
gansjadobis sakiTxi wydeba prokuroris mier sasamarT-
loSi saqmis warmarTvisas da mosamarTlis mier. gansjado-
bis maregulirebeli sssk-is normebis mizania saqmis swrafi,
sruli da obieqturi ganxilvis uzrunvelyofa. am norme-
bis dacva SesaZleblobas aZlevs sasamarTlos saqme ganix-
ilos mowmeTa da saqmis SedegiT dainteresebul pirTa
umravlesobis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, gaiTval-
iswinos calkeuli kategoriis danaSaulTa (magaliTad
samxedro) specifika. amdenad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas,
rom yoveli saqme ixilebodes im sasamarTlos mier romlis
gansjadicaa. braldebuls ufleba aqvs icodes romeli
sasamarTloa kanonis mixedviT uflebamosili ganixilos
misi saqme. gans jadoba zustad unda iyos gansazRvruli
kanoniT da ar unda iyos damokidebuli saqmis sirTulis
`gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis~ subieqtur
kriteriumze, an procesis mwarmoebeli piris mier sakuTari
Sexedulebisamebr sasamarTlos arCevaze.
gansjadobis saxeebi:gansjadobis saxeebi:
saqarTvelos ss saproceso kanondebloba iTvaliswinebs
2 saxis gansjadobas:
1. sagnobrivs da
2. teritoriuls
1. sagnobrivi gansjadoba dgindeba kanoniT danaSaulTa
garkveuli kategoriis konkretuli sasamarTlosaTvis mi-
kuTvnebis gziT. swored am niSniT xdeba imis dadgena Tu
romel sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos aRniSnuli saqme,
gaimijnos saerTo da samxedro sasamarTloTa kompetencia.
swored sagnobrivi kompetencia iZleva SesaZleblobas gan-
isazRvros saqmeTa ganawileba sxvadasxva donis saerTo
sasamarTloebs Soris. igi adgens kanonis mier pirdapiri
miTiTebis gamoyenebis gziT raionuli, saapelacio da sakasa-
cio instanciis sasamarTloTa kompetencias.
188 189
amave dros, sssk gansazRvravs raionul (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos da magistrati mosamarTlis komptenecias
mikuTvnebul sakiTxebs. magistrati mosamarTleebi pirveli
instanciis wesiT ganixilaven Suamdgomlobebs saproceso
samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebis da sssk
gaTvaliswinebul sxva sakiTxebze.
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveli instanciiT
ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebsa da masalebs kano-
niT dadgenili gansjadobis Sesabamisad. raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveli instanciiT aseve ganixi-
lavs Suamdgomlobebs saproceso samarTlebrivi iZulebis
RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebaze, maTi vadis gagrZelebaze da sss
kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva sakiTxebze im adminis-
traciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs
magistrati mosamarTle.
kerZod, sssk 48-e muxlis Tanaxmad, raionuli sasamarT-
los gansjadobas miekuTvneba saqmeebi mis samoqmedo teri-
toriaze Cadenil yvela kategoriis danaSaulze, kerZo
braldebis saqmeebi, Suamdgomlobebi moqalaqeTa konsti-
tuciuri uflebebis SezRudvasTan da saproceso iZulebis
sxva RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli sagamoZiebo da opera-
tiul-samZebro moqmedebebis Catarebis da maTi vadis gagr-
Zelebis Sesaxeb, aseve saCivrebi gamomZieblisa da proku-
roris ukanono moqmedebebze da uaryofil Suamdgomlobe-
bze.
saapelacio sasamarTlos gansjadia saapelacio saCiv-
rebi mis samoqmedo teritoriaze raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTloebis mier pirveli instanciiT gamotanil gan-
aCenebsa da sxva Semajamebel sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-
bebze.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa palatis gansjadia sakasacio saCivrebi saqarTvelos
saapelacio sasamarTloebis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa
palatebis mier gamotanil ganaCenebsa da sxva gadaw-
yvetilebebze, saCivrebi kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul, pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloebis mier gamotanil gadawyvetile-
bebze, ganaCenebisa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis
gadasinjva axlad gamovlenil da axlad aRmoCenil gare-
moebaTa gamo, preiudiciasTan dakavSirebuli da sss kod-
eqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva sakiTxebis ganxilva (magal-
iTad muxli 2591)
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos esoden farTo kom-
petencia gamowveulia imiT, rom swored es sasamarTloebi
warmoadgenen sasamarTlo sistemis ZiriTad rgols.
2. teritoriuli gansjadoba _ saSualebas iZleva erTi
donis sasarTloebs Soris kompetenciis gamijnvisa. Tu
sagnobrivi kompetenciis SemTxvevaSi pirdapir aris dadge-
nili danaSaulTa konkretuli Semadgenlobebis konkretu-
li sasamarTlos mier ganxilvis valdebuleba, terito-
riuli gansjadoba kidev ufro akonkretes mas da gansaz-
Rvravs sagnobrivi kompetenciis farglebSi konkretuli
danaSaulis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos.
1. rogorc wesi, sisxlis samarTlis saqme ganixileba
sasamarTloSi danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis mixedviT, xolo
Tu arsebobs danaSaulTa an erTi danaSaulis epizodTa
erToblioba, – yvelaze mZime danaSaulis an danaSaulis
epizodis Cadenis adgilis mixedviT.
2. winaswari gamoZiebis warmoebis adgilis mixedviT
moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebis SezRudvasTan da
saproceso iZulebis sxva RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli
sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo br-
Zanebis gacema, gamomZieblisa da prokuroris ukanono moq-
190 191
medebebis gamo Setanili saCivrebis gadawyveta, gamoZiebis
organoebisa da prokuroris mier uaryofili Suamdgom-
lobebis ganxilva.
sssk iTvaliswinebs am zogadi normidan gamonakliss da
adgens:
1. saproceso SeTanxmebis da sasjelisagan srulad gaTa-
visuflebis SemTxvevebSi ss saqmes ganixilavs sasamarT-
lo winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis adgilis mixed-
viT.
2. sasamarTlos Secvla zemdgomi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris
mier im SemTxvevaSi Tu procesis 105-e muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas acilebuli iqna
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos an saapelacio sasa-
marTlos mTeli Semadgenloba sakiTxs imave donis sxva
sasamarTloSi warmarTvis Sesaxeb wyvets zemdgomi
sasamarTlo instanciis Tavmjdomare. magram aq saerTod
ar aris miTiTebuli is kriteriumebi, romelTa safuZ-
velzec unda iqnes SerCeuli sxva raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlo aRniSnuli saqmis gansaxilvead, rac praq-
tikulad subieqturi gadawyvetilebis miRebis da dis-
kreciis farTo SesaZleblobas iTvalisiwnebs.
3. saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa da SeT-
anxmebaTa Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos moqalaqis mimarT
ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos ganaCenis saqarTvelo-
Si aRsrulebis sakiTxs gansjadobis dacviT, msjavrde-
bulis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT ganixilavs saqarT-
velos sasamarTlo.
4. ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da dadgenilebis gamomtani sasa-
marTlo wyvets ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da dadgenilebis
aRsasruleblad miqcevisas wamoWril iseT sakiTxebs,
rogorebicaa: ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba, jarimis,
sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sromis, Tavisuflebis
SezRudvis, gamasworebeli samuSaos sasjelis sxva
RonisZiebiT Secvla. magram Tu ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da
dadgenilebis aRsruleba xdeba ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da
dadgenilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos samoqmedo teri-
toriis gareT, am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebul
sakiTxebs wyvets imave donis sasamarTlo, xolo Tu
ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da dadgenilebis aRsrulebis adg-
ilze imave donis sasamarTlo ar arsebobs – zemdgomi
sasamarTlo. yvela SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebis asli egzavneba ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da
dadgenilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos.
5. sasjelis moxdis adgilze raionuli (saqalaqo) sasa-
marTlos dadgenilebiT wydeba iseTi sakiTxebi, rogor-
icaa: avadmyofobis an xandazmulobis gamo sasjelis
moxdisagan ganTavisufleba, sasjelis moxdis gada-
vadeba, sasjelis moxdisagan pirobiT vadamde ganTavisu-
fleba, sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi
sasjeliT Secvla, patimrobis saxiT sasjelis
mosaxdelad im piris gagzavna, romelsac pirobiT Tav-
isuflebis aRkveTa daeniSna.
6. msjavrdebulis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT raion-
uli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT wydeba
iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa: pirobiTi msjavris
gamosacdeli vadis Semcireba an gazrda anda pirobiTi
msjavris gauqmeba da msjavrdebulis gagzavna ganaCeniT
dadgenili sasjelis mosaxdelad, im msjavrdebulis
sasjelis moxdisagan ganTavisufleba, romlis mimarTac
gadavadebulia ganaCenis aRsruleba, ganaCenis aRsruleb-
is gadavadebis gauqmeba da msjavrdebulis gagzavna
ganaCeniT dadgenili sasjelis mosaxdelad.
192 193
7. sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis adgilis mixedviT gad-
audebel SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlis brZanebis gareSe
Catarebuli amoRebis, Cxrekis, sacxovrebeli binis an
sxva mflobelobis daTvalierebis SemTxvevaSi, proku-
rorma 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi unda acnobos da sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis masalebi gadasces im magistrat mosa-
marTles, (xolo misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi-im Sesabamis
raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos), romlis samoqmedo
teritoriazec Catarda aRniSnuli sagamoZiebo moq-
medeba. amasTan, SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli teritoria ar
warmoadgendes winaswari gamoZiebis teritorias (sssk
muxli 290).
imavdroulad sssk ar iTvaliswinebs raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebs Soris kompetenciis gamijvnas
iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis, rodesac rTuli an praqtikulad
SeuZlebelia danaSaulis Cadenis konkretuli adgilis
gansazRvra (magaliTad qurdoba Cadenili Tbilisi-baTumis
mimarTulebiT moZrav matarebelSi). rogorc wesi aq gam-
oiyeneba danaSaulis winaswari gamoZiebis dasrulebis
teritoriis principi, romlis Tanaxmad, aseTi saqmeebi im
sasamarTlos gansjadia, romlis samoqmedo teritoriazec
ganxorcielda winaswari gamoZieba da sxva.
sakiTxi saqmis qvemdebareobis Sesaxeb ganxiluli da
gadawyvetili unda iqnes winaswari gamoZiebis mwarmoebeli
organos mier sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gansjadobis mixed-
viT Sesabamis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi wargzavnis
stadiaze. swored am etapze unda iqnes gancxadebuli Suam-
dgomloba gansjadobis Secvlis Taobaze. imavdroulad sssk
ar iTvaliswinebs procesis subieqtebis mxridan gansjado-
bis Secvlis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRZvris da am Suam-
dgomlobis safuZvelze gansjadobis Secvlis SesaZleblobas,
Tumca maT aniWebs mTlianad sasamarTlosaTvis acilebis
gancxadebis SesaZleblobas.
sssk Tanaxmad, erTaderTi subieqti, romelsac ufleba
aqvs gansjadobis Secvlis SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos zemdgom
sasamarTlos aris saqmis mwarmoebeli prokurori da masac
sasamarTlos gansjadobis Secvlis moTxovna SeuZlia an:
1. mowmeTa/ dazaralebulTa umravlesobis adgilsamyofelis; an
2. winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis adgilis sasamarT-
loTi.
kerZod, zemdgomi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare uflebam-
osilia prokuroris SuamdgomlobiT sisxlis samarTlis
saqme gansaxilvelad gadasces sxva sasamarTlos winaswari
gamoZiebis damTavrebis adgilis an saqmeSi monawile
dazaralebulTa da mowmeTa umravlesobis adgilsamyofelis
mixedviT.
imavdroulad saqarTvelos konstituciis 42.2-e muxlis
da samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTa-
Soriso paqtis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad yoveli piri unda
gansajos mxolod im sasamarTlom, romlis iurisdiqciasac
eqvemdebareba misi saqme. amdenad, saqmis gansjadobis Secv-
la erTi mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze meore mxaris
interesebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe garkveulwilad ewi-
naaRmdegeba zemoT aRniSnul debulebebs, vinaidan sssk ar
iTvaliswinebs gansasjelis azris gaTvaliswinebas maSin,
rodesac swored mas eniWeba da exeba ufleba Tavisi saqmis
im sasamarTlos mier ganxilvaze, romlis iurisdiqciasac
eqvemdebareba misi saqme.
Tu sasamarTlo an mosamarTle daadgens, rom Semosuli
saqme am sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris, misi ganCinebiT
(dadgenilebiT) saqme gadaecema gansjadobis mixedviT. davas
gansjadobis Sesaxeb wyvets zemdgomi sasamarTlos mosa-
194 195
marTle dasabuTebuli dadgenilebiT.
acilebaacileba - adamianis uflebaTa dacvis mniSvnelovan ga-
rantias warmoadgens. gansasjelis mier sasamarTlos im
Semadgenlobis arCeva (acilebis gancxadebis gziT), romel-
sac misi azriT, SeuZlia misi saqme ganixilos samarTlianad,
obieqturad da miukerZoeblad.
TiToeul mosamarTles ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos
mxolod im sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi, sadac igia daniS-
nuli. mas ara aqvs sxva sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi
monawileobis ufleba. imavdroulad dauSvebelia saqmis
sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi
Sediodes saqmeSi monawile pirebTan naTesaur an sxvagvar
kavSirSi myofi piri.
kanoni adgens mosamarTleTa miukerZoeblobis garan-
tiebs. sss kodeqsi krZalavs mosamarTlis monawileobas
saqmis ganxilvaSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu:
a) igi ar iyo Tanamdebobaze daniSnuli an arCeuli
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT;
b) saqme ar aris am sasamarTlos gansjadi;
g) igi monawileobs an winaT monawileobda imave saqme-
Si, rogorc eWvmitanili, braldebuli, damcveli, dazarale-
buli, samoqalaqo mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe, eqsper-
ti, specialisti, Tarjimani, damswre, mowme, anda bralde-
bulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosar-
Celis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis kanonieri warmomadgeneli;
d) mas am saqmis mwarmoebel Tanamdebobis pirTan an „g“
qvepunqtSi aRniSnul sxva pirebTan naTesauri, megobruli
an sxva axlobluri urTierToba aqvs;
e) igi winaT monawileobda imave saqmis warmoebaSi,
rogorc gamomZiebeli, prokurori an sasamarTlo sxdomis
mdivani.
v) monawileobda pirveli da meore instanciebis sasa-
marTloebSi an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa da axlad
gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganxilvaSi. magram
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palataSi saqmis
ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis monawileobis gamomricxav gare-
moebas ar warmoadgens adre amave saqmis sakasacio wesiT
ganxilvaSi misi monawileoba.
v) aris sxva garemoebebi, romlebic eWvs badebs mis
obieqturobasa da miukerZoeblobaSi.
sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomare-raionul (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlo sxdomas Tavmjdomareobs am sasamarTlos Tav-
mjdomare an mosamarTle, xolo sxva sasamarTlo sxdomas,
– am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, Tavmjdomaris moadgile an
sasamarTlos wevri. Tu Tavmjdomare gamoeTiSa sxdomas,
mis movaleobas asrulebs asakiT ufrosi mosamarTle.
sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomare warmarTavs sxdomas,
mosamarTleTa TaTbiris mimdinareobas; axorcielebs sss
kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul yvela saproceso moqmedebas,
rac aucilebelia mtkicebulebaTa yovelmxrivi, sruli da
obieqturi gamokvlevisa da WeSmaritebis dasadgenad, mxa-
reebs aZlevs SesaZleblobas, daubrkoleblad warmoadginon
da gamoikvlion mtkicebulebani; ganxilvas ganaridebs yve-
lafers, rasac kavSiri ara aqvs saqmesTan; uzrunvelyofs
kanonierebasa da samarTlianobas saqmis ganxilvisas; mxareebs
ganumartavs maT uflebebs; uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlos
darbazSi wesrigis dacvas; sxdomis darbazidan aZevebs wes-
rigis damrRvevs da akisrebs mas fulad jarimas sss kod-
eqsiT dadgenili wesiTa da odenobiT (ix. muxli 208). misi
gankargulebebi wesrigis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT savalde-
buloa mxareebisa da sasamarTlo darbazSi myofi pirebi-
saTvis. romelime mxaris an sxva piris pretenziebi Tavmj-
196 197
domaris moqmedebaTa gamo SeaqvT sasamarTlo sxdomis
oqmSi da maT sasamarTlos Semadgenloba ganixilavs imave
sxdomaze.
sasamarTlos aparati:sasamarTlos aparati:
sasamarTlos saqmianobis srulyofilad, efeqturad da
droulad ganxorcieleba mniSvnelovanwilad aris damok-
idebuli sasamarTlos aparatis saqmianobis xarisxze da
maT kvalificiurobaze. swored amitom, saqarTvelos or-
ganuli kanonebi `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ da
`saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~ detalurad
adgenen im moTxovnebs, rac waeyeneba mosamarTleTa TanaSem-
weebs.
mosamarTlis TanaSemwed SeiZleba dainiSnos piri,
romelsac aqvs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba da rogorc
wesi, gavlili aqvs samTviani saswavlo kursi samosamarTlo
swavlebis centrSi, an aqvs mosamarTled, prokurorad,
gamomZieblad, agreTve advokatad muSaobis erTi wlis
gamocdileba, anda saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos,
afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis uzenaesi
(umaRlesi) sasamarTloebis, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarT-
los konsultantad muSaobis aranakleb 1 wlis gamocdile-
ba, agreTve piri, romelsac Cabarebuli aqvs mosamarTlis
sakvalifikacio gamocda. mosamarTlis TanaSemwes kanonmde-
blobiT dadgenili wesiT Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanam-
debobidan aTavisuflebs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare.
mosamarTlis TanaSemwe mosamarTlis davalebiT amzadebs
sisxlis samarTlis saqmes sasamarTlo sxdomaze gansaxil-
velad, iRebs moqalaqeebs, maT gancxadebebs, procesis
monawileebs atyobinebs sasamarTlo sxdomis drosa da
adgils, amzadebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis proeqtebs,
agreTve saproceso dokumentebis aslebs da, kanonis moTx-
ovnaTa Sesabamisad, maT gadascems samarTalwarmoebis
monawileebs, uzrunvelyofs nivTier mtkicebulebaTa dacva-
Senaxvas, mosamarTlis davalebiT asrulebs saqmis ganxil-
vasTan dakavSirebul sxva movaleobebs da mosamarTles
uwevs sxva teqnikur daxmarebas.
mosamarTlis TanaSemwis uflebamosileba pirobiTad
SeiZleba daiyos:
1. saorganizacio-teqnikur; da
2. samarTlebriv sakiTxebad
aqedan umniSvnelovanesia samarTlebrivi funqcia, rom-
lis Tanaxmad mas gaaCnia sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis
proeqtebis momzadebis da moqalaqeTa miRebis uflebam-
osileba, saqmeTa momzadeba sasamarTlo sxdomebze gansax-
ilvelad, saTanado sasamarTlo prqtikis masalebis da
samarTlebrivi literaturis moZieba da a.S., rac erTis
mxriv xels uwyobs mosamarTlis TanaSemwis profesiul
daostatebas da meore mxriv Sesabamis daxmarebas uwevs
mosamarTles.
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani_ amowmebs, gamocxaddnen
Tu ara sasamarTlo procesze gamoZaxebuli pirebi, da amis
Taobaze moaxsenebs sasamarTlos; Tavmjdomaris winadadeb-
iT sajarod kiTxulobs saproceso dokumentebs, awarmoebs
sasamarTlo sxdomis oqms.
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani valdebulia srulad da
sworad Caweros oqmSi sasamarTlos moqmedeba da gadaw-
yvetileba, agreTve sasamarTlo sxdomis yvela monawilis
moqmedeba, gancxadeba, Suamdgomloba, Cveneba da axsna-gan-
marteba. oqmis momzadebisas mdivans ufleba aqvs gamoiyenos
stenografia, diqtofoni da sxva teqnikuri saSualebani. Tu
oqmis gamo arsebobs SeniSvnebi, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani
iZleva axsna-ganmartebas. oqmis Sinaarsis gamo Tavmjdomar-
198 199
esTan uTanxmoebis SemTxvevaSi mdivans ufleba aqvs gamoTq-
vas Tavisi SeniSvna an Sesagebeli da gaugzavnos isini
gansaxilvelad zemdgomi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares.
sssk iTvaliwinebs sasamarTlos sxdomis mdivnis ac-
ilebis safuZvlebs da adgens, rom sxdomis mdivani
monawileobas ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis war-
moebaSi, Tu:
a) igi ar iyo Tanamdebobaze daniSnuli kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT;
b) igi monawileobs an winaT monawileobda imave saqmeSi,
rogorc eWvmitanili, braldebuli, damcveli, dazarale-
buli, samoqalaqo mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe,
eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani, damswre, mowme, anda
braldebulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebulis, samo-
qalaqo mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis kanonieri
warmomadgeneli;
d) mas am saqmis mwarmoebel Tanamdebobis pirTan an „b“
qvepunqtSi aRniSnul sxva pirebTan naTesauri, mego-
bruli an sxva axlobluri urTierToba aqvs;
e) aris sxva garemoebebi, romlebic eWvs badebs mis obieq-
turobasa da miukerZoeblobaSi.
$2. prokurori$2. prokurori
prokuratura saxelmwifo organoTa Soris erT-erTi
uZvelesi organoa. mas mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs. igi
rogorc saxelmwifo instituti pirvelad Camoyalibda
safrangeTSi 1302 wels mefe filip IV mier gamocemuli
ordonansis safuZvelze.
sabWoTa saxelmwifos arsebobisas prokuratura
uZlieresi saxelmwifo organo iyo. mas saxelmwifos Tvals
uwodebdnen. Tanamedrove periodSi samarTlebrivi reformis
Sedegad prokuraturam instituciuri cvlilebebi ganicada.
saqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstituciis 91-e muxlis Tanax-
mad, prokuratura sasamarTlo xelisuflebis daweseb-
uleba iyo. 2004 wels saqarTvelos konstituciaSi Seta-
nili cvlilebebiT 91-e muxli amoRebul iqna. dRes proku-
ratura aris aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis dawesebule-
ba.
prokuraturis organizacia, uflebamosileba da saqmi-
anobis wesi gansazRvrulia 2008 wlis 21 oqtombers miRe-
buli organuli kanoniT saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis
Sesaxeb.
prokuraturis funqciebi, saproceso uflebamosileba
da prokuroris samarTlebrivi statusi regulirebulia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT.
prokuroris samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba procesSi, misi
saqmianobis formebi da meTodebi ganisazRvreba samarTal-
warmoebis saerTo amocanebiTa da im uSualo amocanebiT,
romlebic unda gadawydes yovel calkeul stadiaze.
am funqciis Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad prokura-
tura procesualurad xelmZRvanelobs gamoZiebas, kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT sruli moculobiT atarebs danaSaulis
winaswar gamoZiebas, sasamarTloSi mxars uWers saxelmwifo
braldebas.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
55-e muxlis Tanaxmad prokuratura sisxlis samarTlebri-
vi devnis organoa.
sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna saproceso saqmianobaa,
romelic xorcieldeba danaSaulis gaxsnis, braleuli piris
mxilebis da misi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis
200 201
mizniT. kanonis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna
aris uflebamosili piris mier ganxorcielebul moqmede-
baTa erToblioba, romlis mizania braldebulis mimarT
sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonebiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis uz-
runvelyofa.prokurori aris erTaderTi subieqti, romel-
ic monawileobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela sta-
diaze. Tumca uflebamosileba, funqciebi, amocanebi saqmis
warmoebis sxvadasxva stadiaze gansxvavebulia da erTi da
igive ar aris. upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom
prokurori Tavis funqciebs axorcielebs saxelmwifos
saxeliT.
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze prokurori axorcielebs
sisxlis samarTlebriv devnas da aseve asrulebs gamoZie-
baze saproceso xelmZRvanelobis funqciasac. aqedan gamom-
dinare sasamarTlomdel stadiaze prokuroris uflebam-
osileba SeiZleba daiyos or jgufad: I jgufSi Sedis
gamoZiebaze sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebi-
sas prokuroris uflebamosilebani, xolo II jgufSi sap-
roceso xelmZRvanelobis ganxorcielebisas kanoniT dadge-
nili uflebamosilebani.
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze prokurori sisxlis sa-
marTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisas uflebamosilia: gam-
oitanos dadgenileba braldebulis saxiT piris sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb; braldebulisaTvis
aRkveTis RonisZiebis SerCevis, Secvlis an gauqmebis, adami-
anis uflebaTa SemzRudveli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-
bis Sesaxeb mosamarTlis brZanebis misaRebad SuamdgomlobiT
mimarTos sasamarTlos; monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo mo-
qmedebis CatarebaSi an TviTon awarmoos winaswari gamoZieba
sruli moculobiT; Sewyvitos sisxlis samarTlebrivi
devna anda winaswari gamoZieba an SeaCeros sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi devna; Secvalos braldeba; braldebelTan dados
saproceso SeTanxmeba da sasamarTloSi waradginos Suam-
dgomloba braldebulis mimarT sasamarTlos mier saqmis
arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze; aRZ-
ras sarCeli braldebuli Tanamdebobis piris qonebis Cam-
orTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT.
gamoZiebaze saproceso xelmZRvanelobis funqciis ganx-
orcielebisas prokurori uflebamosilia qvemdebareobis
moTxovnaTa dacviT saqmis gamoZieba daavalos gamoZiebis
ama Tu im organos an gamomZiebels; savaldebulo miTiTe-
bebi misces gamomZiebels an qvemdgom prokurors saga-
moZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis, sagamoZiebo versiaTa Semow-
mebisa da gamoZiebis warmoebisas wamoWril sxva sakiTxebze,
moiTxovos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis calkeuli masalebi
an sisxlis samarTlis saqme mTlianad; gaauqmos gamomZieb-
lis an qvemdgomi prokuroris dadgenileba; sagamoZiebo
qvemdebareobis Sesaxeb moTxovnaTa dacviT saqme CamoarTvas
erT gamomZiebels da gadasces meores. amasTan am saerTo
wesidan arsebobs gamonaklisi. saqarTvelos generalur
prokurors, mis moadgiles, agreTve avtonomiuri respub-
likis prokurors Tavis samoqmedo teritoriaze ufleba
aqvs sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis miuxedavad erTi sagamoZie-
bo organodan amoiRos nebismieri saqme da igi gamosaZieblad
gadasces sxva sagamoZiebo uwyebas; gamoZiebis saproceso
xelmZRvanelobidan CamoaSoros qvemdgomi prokurori da
misi funqciebi daakisros sxva prokurors; gadawyvitos
saCivari gamomZieblis moqmedebisa da dadgenilebis gamo,
xolo misi sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi saWiro
axsna-ganmarteba misces sasamarTlos.
zemdgomi prokurori uflebamosilia gaauqmos qvem-
202 203
dgomi prokuroris mier miRebuli ukanono anda dausabuTe-
beli gadawyvetileba, Seitanos masSi cvlilebebi an igi
Secvalos axali gadawyvetilebiT; winaswari gamoZiebisas
prokuroris dadgenilebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa admin-
istraciuli organos, Tanamdebobis pirebis, fizikuri da
iuridiuli pirebisaTvis.
marTalia, prokurori gamoZiebaze saproceso xelmZRvane-
lobas axorcielebs da ara zedamxedvelobas, magram am fun-
qciis ganxorcielebisas aqac vlindeba erTgvari saxelisu-
flebo _ gankargulebiTi uflebamosilebis elementebi.
winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis Semdeg prokurori
gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Semdgom moZraobas.
prokuroris saproceso mdgomareoba sasamarTlo ganxilvis
stadiaze arsebiTad gansxvavdeba winaswar gamoZiebaSi misi
samarTlebrivi mdgomareobisagan. upirveles yovlisa, sasa-
marTloSi prokuroris saxelisuflebo _ gankargulebiTi
uflebamosilebis elementebi ar SeiniSneba, radgan igi
monawileobs rogorc mxare da aRWurvilia mxaris Tanabari
saproceso uflebebiT.
sasamarTloSi prokurori aris saxelmwifo bralmde-
beli. mas kanoniT ekisreba braldebis mtkicebis mova-
leoba. Tavisi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebisas proku-
rori sasamarTloSi damoukidebelia da emorCileba mx-
olod kanons. sasamarTlo sxdomaSi prokuroris
monawileoba savaldebuloa. prokurori sasamarTloSi
uflebamosilia: ganacxados Suamdgomloba da acileba;
waradginos mtkicebulebebi, monawileoba miiRos mtkice-
bulebaTa gamokvlevaSi, maTi dasaSvebobis sakiTxis ganx-
ilvaSi, gamoTqvas Tavisi azri sasamarTlo ganxilvisas
wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, monawileoba miiRos mxareTa
kamaTSi da sasamarTlos gaacnos Tavisi pozicia bralde-
bis damtkicebis, qmedebis sisxlis samarTlebrivi kvali-
fikaciis, braldebulis Seracxadobis, sasjelis saxisa da
zomis daniSvnis, sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblo-
bisa da sasjelisgan braldebulis gaTavisuflebis Ses-
axeb; mimarTos sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT winaswari
gamoZiebis procesSi fizikuri da kerZo samarTlis iu-
ridiuli pirebisagan mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovis Suam-
dgomlobiT. amasTan, saapelacio instanciaSi prokurori
kvlav saxelmwifo bralmdebelia, sakasacio warmoebis
stadiaze ki igi mxars uWers Tavis saCivars, an gamoTqvams
azrs im saCivris Sesaxeb, romelic samarTalwarmoebis sxva
monawilem Seitana.
Tu prokurori ar eTanxmeba sasamarTlos ganaCens da
mas miiCnevs ukanonod da dausabuTeblad, ufleba aqvs
rogorc mxares gaasaCivros igi zemdgom instanciebSi
saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT. amasTan, saapelacio instan-
ciaSi prokurori kvlav saxelmwifo bralmdebelia, sakasa-
cio warmoebis stadiaze ki igi mxars uWers Tavis saCivars,
an gamoTqvams azrs im saCivris Sesaxeb, romelic samarTal-
warmoebis sxva monawilem Seitana.
$3. gamomZieblis samarTlebrivi $3. gamomZieblis samarTlebrivi
statusistatusi
sagamoZiebo qvemdebareoba.sagamoZiebo qvemdebareoba. qvemdebareoba aris sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis kanoniT dadgenili niSnebis erToblioba,
romelTa gaTvaliswinebiT mocemuli danaSaulis gamoZieba
ganekuTvneba winaswari gamoZiebis ama Tu im organos kom-
petencias. sisxlis samarTlis procesis TeoriaSi ganasx-
vaveben sagnobriv, personalur, alternatiul da terito-
riul qvemdebareobas.
204 205
sagnobrivi qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs sagamoZiebo or-
ganos kompetenciis gansazRvras danaSaulis Semadgenlobis,
misi kvalifikaciis mixedviT. am niSnis mixedviT prokura-
turis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobaSia mkvlelobis, janmrTe-
lobis dazianebis da sxva danaSaulTa saqmeebi.
personaluri qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs danaSaulis sub-
ieqtis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoZiebis movaleobis
dakisrebas ama Tu im sagamoZiebo organosadmi. danaSaulis
subieqtis personaluri niSnis gaTvaliswinebiT prokuraturas
eqvemdebareba prokuroris, gamomZieblis, mosamarTlis da a.S.
Cadenili danaSaulis saqmeebi.
alternatiuli qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs imas, rom erTi
da imave kategoriis danSaulTa saqmeebze garkveuli garemoe-
bebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoZieba tardeba sxvadasxva uwyebis
gamomZieblis mier. magaliTad, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro
roca iZiebs mis qvemdebare danaSaulis saqmes da gamoZiebis
procesSi gamovlindeba am danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli samox-
eleo danaSaulis Cadena, vTqvaT, qrTamis aReba, cxadia, es
saqmec S/s sagamoZiebo samsaxurma unda gamoiZios. Tumca,
saerTo wesis mixedviT, igi prokuraturas eqvemdebareba.
teritoriuli qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs gamoZiebis war-
moebas danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis mixedviT. saqarTvelos
sssk 63-e muxlis Tanaxmad, winaswar gamoZiebas awarmoebs
gamomZiebeli, romlis iurisdiqciac vrceldeba teritoriaze,
sadac danaSauli moxda. Tu Cadenilia ramdenime danaSauli,
saqmes iZiebs gamomZiebeli, romlis sagamoZiebo qvemdebare-
obasac ganekuTvneba yvelaze mZime danaSauli.
uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs gamoZiebis warmoe-
bas uflebamosili gamoZiebis organos mier.
saqarTveloSi uwyebrivi formiT gamoZieba warmoebs
2004 wlidan. manamde iyo SemuSavebuli winaswari gamoZie-
bis organoebis reformirebis koncefcia da kanonproeqti
erTiani sagamoZiebo organos Seqmnis Taobaze, sadac xazg-
asmuli iyo erTiani sagamoZiebo organos (biuros, komite-
tis) Seqmnis upiratesoba, rac ZiriTadad erTiani samcni-
ero-teqnikuri saSualebebis baziT, marTvis organizebulo-
biTa da efeqturi administrirebiT iyo gamarTlebuli.
kanonmdebelma sabolood upiratesoba mianiWa gamoZiebis
organoebis ara centralizebuli wesiT mowyobas, romelsac
analogi ara aqvs msoflios arc erT qveyanaSi, aramed
garkveulwilad aprobirebul uwyebriv gamoZiebas, romelic
orientirebulia viwro specializaciaze da miznad isaxavs
swrafi, efeqturi da qmediTi gamoZiebis Catarebas erTi
uwyebis farglebSi.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
61-e muxlis Tanaxmad, winaswari gamoZiebis organoebs mie-
kuTvneba saqarTvelos prokuraturis, Sinagan saqmeTa samin-
istros, Tavdacvis saministros, iusticiis saministros,
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros da
da finansTa saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuris sagamoZiebo
danayofebi.
uwyebrivi da personaluri sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis
sakiTxs aregulirebs sssk 62-e muxli. sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa umravlesoba ganekuTvneba Sinagan saqmeTa organoe-
bis gamomZieblis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas. agreTve Sina-
gan saqmeTa saministros mosamsaxuris mier Cadenili samx-
edro samsaxuris winaaRmdeg mimarTuli nebismieri dana-
Sauli eqvemdebareba amave uwyebis sagamoZiebo danayofs.
prokuraturis gamomZieblis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas
ganekuTvneba samoxeleo danaSauli (saq. ssk 332-342-e mm.)
ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia (sssk 194-e m.) agreTve
maRali rangis Tanamdebobis pirTa mier Cadenili danaSaule-
206 207
bi, kerZod, saqarTvelos prezidentis, parlamentis wevris,
mTavrobis wevris, mosamarTlis, saxalxo damcvelis, kon-
trolis palatis Tavmjdomaris, erovnuli bankis sabWos
wevris, saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCisa
da despanis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, prokuraturis mrCev-
lis, policielis, oficrebis mier Cadenili danaSaulebi.
finansTa saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuris sagamoZiebo
danayofis gamomZieblebi iZieben ekonomikuri danaSaulis
umetesobas, (sssk 182-e, 189-e, 189 1-e, 190-e, 192-e, 193-e,
195-e, 201-e, 205-e, 213-e, 214-e, (me-4 nawilis garda), 216-
e, 221-e mm.).
Tavdacvis saministros sagamoZiebo danayofis gamomZie-
blebi iZieben samxedro samsaxuris winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
danaSaulis umravlesobas (ssk 383-398, 394-e, 403-e mm.)
da mmarTvelobis wesis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauleb-
is calkeul Semadgenlobebs (356-359-e m.).
iusticiis saministros daqvemdebarebuli sasjel-
aRsrulebis departamentisa da saaRsrulebo departamentis
sagamoZiebo danayofebis gamomZieblebi iZieben sasamarTlo
aqtebis aRsrulebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulebs, aseve
ssk 342 1-e (sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi samsaxuris
dadgenili wesis darRveva) muxliT gaTvaliswinebul da-
naSauls, agreTve sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis teri-
toriaze momxdar danaSaulebs.
kanonis Tanaxmad, prokuraturasa da gamoZiebis sxva
danarCen organoebs Soris konkurenciis arsebobisas saga-
moZiebo qvemdebareobasTan dakavSirebiT, gamoZiebas awarmoebs
prokuratura.
ramdenime braldebis saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTiane-
bisas saqmes iZiebs gamomZiebeli, romlis sagamoZiebo qvem-
debareobasac ganekuTvneba ufro mZime danaSauli.
sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis daucveloba warmoadgens
saproceso kanonmdeblobis arsebiT darRvevas, rac iwvevs
metad seriozul Sedegebs. magaliTad, Sekrebili mtkiceb-
ulebebis iuridiuli Zalis ar mqoned cnobas, radgan
isini Sekrebil iqna arasaTanado subieqtebis mier. aseTi
daskvna keTdeba calkeul SemTxvevaSi saqmis konkretuli
garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu gamomZiebeli daadgens, rom saqme
misi qvemdebare ar aris, is valdebulia Caataros yvela
gadaudebeli sagamoZiebo moqmedeba da saqme gadasces proku-
rors, romelic warmarTavs saqmes sagamoZiebo qvemdebareo-
bis mixedviT. roca aucilebelia sagamoZiebo moqmedeba
Catardes im teritoriaze, romelzec gamomZieblis iuris-
diqcia ar vrceldeba, gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs Caataros
igi piradad an misi Catareba daavalos sxva gamomZiebels.
nebismier gamomZiebels saqarTvelos teritoriaze ufleba
aqvs daubrkoleblad Caataros kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
sagamoZiebo moqmedeba mis warmoebaSi arsebul sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeze.
praqtikaSi damkvidrebulia wesi, romlis Tanaxmadac,
roca gamomZiebeli sxva gamomZieblis samoqmedo terito-
riaze atarebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebas winaswar amis Ses-
axeb saqmis kursSi ayenebs aRniSnuli qalaqis, raionis
prokurors. am wess zneobrivi gamarTleba aqvs.
kanonSi araferia naTqvami iseT SemTxvevaze, roca da-
naSauli mravalepizodiania, Cadenilia TanamonawileTa
mravalricxovani jgufis mier da misi geografia moicavs
saqarTvelos ramdenime regions. kanonis Tanaxmad, gamoZie-
ba unda Catardes iq, sadac aRmoCenil iqna yvelaze mZime
danaSauli, mocemul SemTxvevaSi misi erT-erTi epizodi.
gamomZieblis uflebamosileba.gamomZieblis uflebamosileba. winaswari gamoZiebis
208 209
subieqti aris gamomZiebeli.
kanonis Tanaxmad, gamomZiebeli aris saxelmwifo Tana-
mdebobis piri, romelic Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi
uflebamosilia awarmoos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
gamoZieba.
garda uwyebrivi kuTvnilebisa, gamomZiebeli Tanamdebo-
bis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos staJior-gamomZiebeli, gamomZie-
beli, ufrosi gamomZiebeli, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan
saqmeTa gamomZiebeli, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan saqmeTa
ufrosi gamomZiebeli.
yvela gamomZiebeli maTi uwyebrivi kuTvnilebis miuxe-
davad asrulebs erTian funqcias, yvelas aqvs erTiani
statusi, Tanabari ufleba-movaleobebi. maT mier kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT ganxorcielebuli yvela saga-
moZiebo moqmedeba Tanabari iuridiuli Zalisaa, praqtikul
saqmianobaSi yvela maTgani xelmZRvanelobs erTiani sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT.
gamomZieblis saqmianobis Sinaarsi da mimarTuleba gan-
isazRvreba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis amocanebiT.
gamomZiebeli movalea daadginos danaSaulis Semadgen-
lobis niSnebi, gansazRvros misi kvalifikacia, daadginos
monacemebi, romlebic axasiaTeben danaSaulis subieqts,
gamoavlinos danaSaulis Camdeni piri da uzrunvelyos misi
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema, daadginos mtkice-
bis saganSi Semavali garemoebebi da amiT Seqmnas aucilebeli
wanamZRvrebi sasamarTloSi saqmis sworad gadasawyvetad.
gamoZiebisas Segrovili masalebi xom sasamarTlo ganxil-
vis sagania.
gamomZiebeli valdebulia gamoZieba awarmoos yovelmxriv,
srulad da obieqturad, rac imas niSnavs, rom saqmis ga-
remoebebi iyos Rrmad, safuZvlianad Seswavlili da Sefase-
buli, dadgenili iyos yovel saqmeze yvela damnaSave piri,
gairkves danaSaulis motivi, mizani, misi Cadenis saSu-
aleba da a.S. saqmis garemoebebi iyos gamokvleuli miuker-
Zoeblad da saqmeze iyos Seswavlili da dadgenili bral-
debulis rogorc mamxilebeli, ise misi gamamarTlebeli
garemoebebi.
gamomZiebeli kanonis Tanaxmad uflebamosilia Caataros
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela sagamoZiebo da saproceso
moqmedeba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebulia mosamarTlis brZaneba an prokuroris Tanx-
moba. gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia calkeuli sagamoZiebo
da saproceso moqmedebebis Casatareblad, romlebic zRu-
daven adamianis konstituciur uflebebs, SuamdgomlobiT
mimarTos sasamarTlos da gamoiTxovos mosamarTlis br-
Zaneba. uflebamosilia pirs warudginos dadgenileba bral-
debulis saxiT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis
Sesaxeb da kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gamoiyenos mis mimarT
aRkveTis RonisZiebebi, aseve gamoiyenos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso iZulebis yvela RonisZieba da amisaTvis gam-
oiTxovos mosamarTlis brZaneba kanoniT dadgenili wes-
iT.
gamomZiebels mis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmeze ufleba
aqvs moiwvios Tarjimani, specialisti, amosacnobi piri;
dadgenilebis gamotaniT cnos piri dazaralebulad, samo-
qalaqo mosarCeled an samoqalaqo mopasuxed da ganumartos
maT ufleba-movaleobebi.
gamomZiebeli movalea uzrunvelyos damcvelis
monawileoba saqmeSi savaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevaSi da
Seqmnas misi saqmianobis xelSemwyobi pirobebi, gaaTavisu-
flos arasmqoneni iuridiuli daxmarebis gadasaxadisagan,
movalea Seasrulos braldebulisa da damcvelis moTx-
210 211
ovnebi sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb da uzrun-
velyos damcvelis monawileoba mis CatarebaSi. gamomZiebeli
movalea miiRos zomebi danaSaulis Sedegad miRebuli zianis
asanazRaureblad, miiRos zomebi danaSaulis Cadenis xelSem-
wyobi mizezebisa da pirobebis gamosavlenad.
gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs werilobiTi davaleba misces
operatiul-samZebro organoebs operatiul-samZebro da
samZebro RonisZiebaTa Catarebis Sesaxeb mis warmoebaSi
arsebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebasTan dakav-
SirebiT; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moiTxovos reviziis,
inventarizaciis, sauwyebo Semowmebis Catareba da gamoZie-
bisaTvis saWiro dokumentebis wardgena.
gamomZiebeli movalea miiRos gadawyvetileba acilebis
Sesaxeb da Tavisi ganmartebebi warudginos prokurors.
gamomZieblis moqmedebis da gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-
bis SemTxvevaSi igi movalea saCivari da saqmis masalebi
dauyovnebliv gaugzavnos saproceso xelmZRvanel proku-
rors an sasamarTlos.
gamomZiebeli procesis damoukidebeli subieqtia. igi
uflebamosilia damoukideblad warmarTos gamoZiebis mi-
marTuleba, rac imas niSnavs, rom gamomZiebeli uflebam-
osilia wamoayenos versiebi, varaudi danaSaulis faqtis,
mis CadenaSi braleuli piris mimarT, bralis formebis,
qmedebis motivebis da saqmis sxva faqtobriv garemoebebze.
gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia gansazRvros TiToeuli ver-
siis, TiToeuli epizodis gamosarkvevi sakiTxebi, gansaz-
Rvros gamorkvevas daqvemdebarebuli informaciis wyaroebi.
gamomZieblis mier gamoZiebis mimarTulebis gansazRvra
praqtikulad emTxveva mis mier gamoZiebis sagnis gansaz-
Rvras, rac, Tavis mxriv, ZiriTadia gamoZiebis gegmis Sed-
genisas.
gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs gansazRvros aucilebeli
sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis wre, daadginos maTi Catarebis
Tanmimdevroba. gamomZiebeli gansazRvravs Sekrebili mt-
kicebulebebis sakmarisobas da maT afasebs Tavisi Sinagani
rwmeniT, rac, cxadia, dafuZnebuli unda iyos saqmis gare-
moebebis yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevaze, igi
xelmZRvanelobs kanoniT da marTlSegnebiT.
amasTan, gamomZieblis saproceso damoukidebloba abso-
luturi ar aris. kanonis Tanaxmad igi valdebulia Seas-
rulos prokuroris miTiTeba, romelic gamoZiebis sapro-
ceso xelmZRvanelia. kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu gamomZiebeli ar
eTanxmeba prokuroris miTiTebas braldebis moculobis,
qmedebis kvalifikaciis, sagamoZiebo versiebis Semowmebis,
braldebulis saxiT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi mi-
cemis, moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu-
flebebis SemzRudvel sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis
Sesaxeb, mas ufleba aqvs saqme da Tavisi mosazrebebi wer-
ilobiT warudginos zemdgom prokurors, romelic auqmebs
qvemdgomi prokuroris miTiTebebs an gamoZiebas sxva
gamomZiebels avalebs. cxadia, zemdgomi prokuroris gad-
awyvetileba sabolooa. prokuroris miTiTebisadmi uTanx-
moebis SemTxvevaSi saqmis gadacema sxva gamomZieblisadmi
gulisxmobs imas, rom gamomZiebeli procesis damoukidebeli
subieqtia da amitom ar SeiZleba is iZulebuli iyos imo-
qmedos Tavisi Sinagani rwmenis winaaRmdeg, rac mas Camouy-
alibda saqmis garemoebebis Seswavlis Sedegad.
aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo periodSi kanonSi
Sesuli cvlilebebiT gamomZieblis uflebamosileba Sez-
Rudulia mkveTrad, radgan winaswar gamoZiebaSi raime gad-
awyvetilebas gamomZiebeli ar Rebulobs. mas ufleba ara
aqvs SeaCeros an Sewyvitos winaswari gamoZieba an sisxlis-
212 213
samarTlebrivi devna, ar aqvs uflebamosileba Seadginos
sabraldebo daskvna da saerTod, yvela gadawyvetilebas
saqmeze Rebulobs prokurori, romelic gamoZiebaze sapro-
ceso xelmZRvanelobas axorcielebs.
gamomZiebeli valdebulia Seasrulos mosamarTlis br-
Zaneba. Tavis mxriv, kanonis Tanaxmad, gamomZieblis mier
gamotanili dadgenilebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa yvela
dawesebulebis, sawarmos, organizaciis Tanamdebobis pirisa
da moqalaqeebisaTvis. gamoZiebis dadgenilebebis Seusrule-
bloba iwvevs kanoniT dawesebul pasuxismgeblobas.
$4 dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli $4 dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli
sisxlis samarTlis procesSisisxlis samarTlis procesSi
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi piris ufleba/Tavisufle-
bebi, kanonieri interesebi da usafrTxoeba, maTi aRiareba
da dacva – saxelmwifos da misi samarTaldamcavi organoe-
bis movaleobaa, magram swored sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso regulirebis sferoSi am debulebis realizaciisas
aqcenti xagrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi keTdeboda danaSau-
lis CadenaSi eWvmitanili da braldebuli pirebis ufle-
bebis dacvaze. samwuxarod, dazaralebuli, romlis ufle-
bebis damcveli unda yofiliyo saxelmwifo didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi saTanado yuradRebis miRma iyo darCenili.
braldebulTan SedarebiT misi uflebebis kompleqsi bevrad
mcirea. garkveulwilad esec iyo erT-erTi mizezi pro-
cesSi misi pasiurobisa da es maSin, rodesac SejibrebiTo-
bis principi gulisxmobs sasamarTlo procesis imgvarad
warmarTvas, rom masSi braldebis da dacvis funqciebi, aseve
maTi Tanmxlebi funqciebi (samoqalaqo sarCelis mxardaWera)
iyos Tanabari.
swored amitom, yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi
gamoZiebis da saqmeze marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaT-
vis didi mniSvneloba eniWeba saqmis warmoebaSi braldebis
mxaris da kerZod, dazaralebulis monawileobis xarixs da
aqtiurobas, procesSi prokuroris monawileobis miuxeda-
vad. imavdroulad, braldebis mxareze subieqtTa simravlis
miuxedavad (magaliTad prokurori, gamomZiebeli, dazarale-
buli, samoqalaqo mosarCele, maTi warmomadgenlebi),
dazaralebuli piris uflebebis srulyofilad dacva-aRd-
214 215
genisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba swored
dazaralebulis aqtiur monawileobas (vinaidan prokurori
mowodebulia daicvas sajaro interesi)
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 68-e muxlis
Tanaxmad, dazaralebulad miiCneva saxelmwifo, fizikuri
an iuridiuli piri,romelsac moraluri, fizikuri Tu
qonebrivi ziani miadga uSualod danaSaulis an Seuracxi
piris marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sedegad anda romelsac
aseTi ziani miayena danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg fsiqikurad
daavadebulma pirma.
amdenad, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi dazaralebuli
SeiZleba iyos:
1. saxelmwifo;
2. iuridiuli piri;
3. fizikuri piri.
dazaralebulad SeiZleba cnobili iqnes rogorc gar-
dacvlili piri (miuxedavad imisa, rom misi uflebebiT
isargeblebs misi warmomadgeneli), aseve Seuracxadi an
SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone piri imisdamiuxedavad
danaSaulis Cadenis momentSi igi imyofeboda Seracxad Tu
Seuracxad mdgomareobaSi.
Tu danaSaulis Sedegad dazaralebuli gardaicvala,
misi uflebebi eniWeba mis romelime axlo naTesavs, romel-
ic xdeba dazaralebulis uflebamonacvle. kerZod, sssk
44.21 muxlis Tanaxmad axlo naTesavs miekuTvneba-mSobeli,
Svilad amyvani, Svili, Svilobili, papa-bebia, SviliSvili,
da, Zma, meuRle (maT Soris ganqorwinebulic). axlo naTe-
savTa wre amomwuravad aris Camoyalibebuli kodeqsSi da
amdenad, dauSvebelia aRniSnulis garda sxva naTesavTa
mowveva procesSi dazaralebulis uflebamonacvlis sta-
tusiT.
uflebamonacvlis vinaobis gansazRvra, rogorc wesi,
xdeba axlo naTesavebs Soris SeTanxmebiT, magram erTi
donis axlo naTesavebs (mag. Svilebs Soris) Soris davis
SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi wydeba wilisyriT. imavdroulad,
calkeul SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba SeuZlebeli iyos axlo
naTesavis vinaobis dadgena. aseT dros arc erTi piri ar
miiCneva dazaralebulis warmomadgenlad, rac ar ewinaaRm-
degeba sssk miznebs.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli calk-calke.ganvixiloT TiToeuli calk-calke.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, ziani
SeiZleba iyos:
1. moraluri ziani
2. fizikuri ziani1
3. qonebrivi ziani
1. moralur zians _ warmoadgens zneobrivi tanjva rac
gamowveulia:
a) dabadebiT an kanoniT miniWebuli aramaterialuri sikeTis
xelyofiT (magaliTad sicocxle, janmrTeloba, Rirseba,
saqmiani reputacia, piradi cxovrebis xelSuxebloba,
piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis saidumloeba da a.S.)
b) qmedebiT, romelic xelyofs mis pirad araqonebriv
uflebebs (magaliTad sakuTari saxeliT sargeblobis
ufleba, saavtoro uflebebi da a.S.
g) misi qonebrivi uflebebis xelyofiT.
kerZod, moralur zians miekuTneba gancdebi, rac dakav-
Sirebulia axlobelTa mkvlelobiT, aqtiuri sazogado ebrivi
saqmianobis /cxovrebis SesaZleblobis mospobiT, samsaxuris
dakargviT, saeqimo, ojaxuri saidumloebis gansajaroebiT,
saqmiano reputaciis, pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli
1 Eexeba mxolod fizikur pirs
216 217
yalbi informaciis gavrcelebiT, dainvalidebiT, garkveuli
uflebebis SezRudviT an CamorTmeviT, janmrTelobis da-
zianebiT gamowveuli fizikuri tkiviliT, an moraluri
gancdebis Sedegad SeZenili daavadebiT da a.S. Sesabamisad,
pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos fuladi kompensacia dasaxiCrebis,
damaxinjebis, biologiuri da fsiqologiuri funqciebis
moSlis an daqveiTebisaTvis aseve sxva saxis fizikuri Tu
moraluri zianiT gamowveuli gancdebisaTvis.
moraluri zianis odenobis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi
miiReba zianis simZime da braldebulis qonebrivi mdgo-
mareoba. zianis anazRaureba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ara
mxolod fuladi kompensaciis saxiT, aramed sxva qone-
brivi gamoxatulebiTac.
2. fizikuri ziani gamoixateba janmrTelobis mdgo-
mareobis SeryevaSi, sxeulebrivi dazianebebi, fizikuri
tkivilebi da a.S. da aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli
iseTi xarjebi, rogoricaa magaliTad dakrZalvaze,
mkurnalobaze, proTezirebaze, medikamentebze da a.S. gaweu-
li xarjebi da pensiis gacema (kompensacia)
3. qonebrivi ziani _ materialuri sikeTis, qonebis
dazianebiT an ganadgurebiT gamowveuli ziani. aq igulisx-
meba rogorc pirdapiri ziani, aseve anacdeni sargebelic.
unda aRiniSnos, rom rogorc wesi, erTi saxis qmedeb-
iT pirs adgeba ramdenime saxis ziani. magaliTad, yaCaRuri
Tavdasxmis SemTxvvaSi es SeiZleba gamoixatos fizikur,
qonebriv da moralur zianSi; saqmiani reputaciis Semlax-
veli informaciis gavrcelebis SemTxvevaSi-qonebriv da
moralur zianSi.
dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb saproceso gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebis momentisaTvis saxeze unda iyos zemoT
aRniSnulidan erT-erTi saxis zianis miyenebis faqti. ziani
SeiZleba miyenebuli iqnes:
1. danaSaulis Sedegad;
2. Seuracxadi piris marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebiT;
3. danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg fsiqikurad daavadebuli
piris mier;
gamonaklisia daumTavrebeli danaSaulis SemTxvevebi,
sadac dazaralebulad cnobisaTvis sakmarisia zianis miyen-
ebis SesaZleblobis arsebobac. aq dazaralebulad miiCneva
piri, romelsac danaSaulis momzadebis an mcdelobis Sed-
egad SeiZleba misdgomoda ziani (muxli 68.3). imavdroulad
daumTavrebeli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebelia ar-
sebobdes ukve miyenebuli zianis faqti. magaliTad binaSi
SeRweviT qurdobis mcdelobisas dazianda Sesasvleli kari,
mkvlelobis mcdelobisas pirs miadga sxeulis naklebad
mZime dazianeba da a.S
dazaralebulad miiCneva piri, romelsac danaSaulis
Cadenis mcdelobisas faqtobrivad ganxorcielebuli qmede-
bebiT an damTavrebuli danaSaulis Sedegad miadga fizikuri,
qonebrivi an moraluri ziani.
imavdroulad, dazaralebulad SeiZleba cnobili iqnes
ara mxolod xelyofili qonebis uSualo mesakuTre, aramed
is piric vis mflobelobaSic/sargeblobaSi iyo es nivTi.
magaliTad, qonebis mindobiT marTvisas Tu xelSekrule-
baSi aRniSnulia, rom gadacemuli qonebis ganzrax an gau-
frTxileblobiT dazianebisas an ganadgurebisas qonebrivi
ziani adgeba ara mxolod am qonebis mimndobs (mesakuTres),
aramed aseve mindobil mesakuTresac.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tumca dazaralebulad piris aRi-
rebisaTvis saWiroa erT-erTi saxis zianis arseboba es
TavisTavad ar gulisxmobs am pirisaTvis miyenebuli zianis
mxolod an savaldebulo wesiT finansur/ materialur
218 219
anazRaurebas.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis arsis da
principebidan gamomdinare, sisxlis samarTlis procesis
erTerTi amocanaa daicvas sisxlis samarTlis procesis
yvela monawilis (da maT Soris dazaralebulis) ufle-
bebi da Tavisuflebebi, daamkvidros sazogadoebaSi kanonis,
humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscema.Tumca
calkeul SemTxvevebSi dazaralebulis prioritets SeiZle-
ba warmoadgendes danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebuli piris
sisxlis samarTlebrivi wesiT dasja da misi interesebis
sferoSi ar Sediodes miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis moTx-
ovna.swored amitom, sssk miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis
sakiTxs ukavSirebs dazaralebulis nebis gamovlenas da
zianis anazRaurebis SesaZleblobas iTvaliswinebs mxolod
dazaralebulis mier Sesabamisi samoqalaqo sarCelis Set-
anis SemTxvevaSi.aRniSnuli sarCelis Seutanlobisas saga-
moZiebo organoebi msjeloben mxolod damnaSavis sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb.
Tu piri dazaralebulad cnobis Semdeg waradgens samo-
qalaqo sarCels, procesis mwarmoebel organos (Tanamde-
bobis pirs) gamoaqvs dadgenileba (ganCineba) dazaralebulis
samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu samo-
qalaqo sarCeli Setanili iqneba piris dazaralebulad
cnobamde, maSin procesis mwarmoebel organos SeuZlia
gamoitanos:
_ erTiani dadgenileba (ganCineba) piris dazaralebulad
da samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis Sesaxeb
_ calk-calke gamoitanos dadgenilebebi (ganCinebebi)
piris dazaralebulad da piris samoqalaqo mosarCeled
cnobis Sesaxeb.
dazaralebulad cnoba:
miuxedavd imisa, rom kodeqsi dazaralebulis statuss
ukavSirebs zianis arsebobas, saproceso samarTlebrivi
mniSvnelobiT aseTi piri procesSi dazaralebulis am sta-
tuss iZens mxolod procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier
dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis (ganCinebis)
gamotanis Semdeg.
sisxlis samarTlis procesi ansxvavebs danaSaulis msx-
verplis da dazaralebulis cnebas. kerZod, danaSaulebrivi
qmedebiT zianis miyenebisas dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb
Sesabamisi saproceso dokumentis gamotanamde, igi msxverplia
da saproceso samarTlebriv statuss misgan gamomdinare
ufleba-movaleobebiT iZens mxolod procesis mwarmoebeli
organos, mier dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileb-
is gamotanis Semdeg1. kerZod, es SeiZleba iyos:
1. gamomZieblis an prokuroris dadgenileba;
2. mosamarTlis dadgenileba an sasamarTlos ganCineba.
dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenileba (ganCineba)
SeiZleba gamotanili iqnes mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis dawyebis Semdeg da masSi sxva rekvizitebTan erTad
unda aRiniSnos miyenebuli zianis saxe. ramdenime saxis
zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi yvela maTgani aRiniSneba.
piri dazaralebulad SeiZleba iqnes miCneuli
rogorc:
1. winaswari gamoZiebis;
2. sasamarTlo sxdomis mosamzadebeli nawilis; aseve
3. sasamarTlo gamoZiebisas.
1 magaliTad e.w. `potenciur dazaralebuls~/ msxverpls ar gaaCnia pro-
cesis mwarmoebeli organos /Tanamdebobis piris qmedebaze saCivris Setanis
uflebamosileba. anu Tu piri sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadge-
nili wesis Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ar aris cnobili dazarale-
bulad, mas saCivris Setanis kompetencia ar gaaCnia. mis mier Setanili saCivari
iTvleba arauflebamosili piris saCivrad da ar ganixileba.
220 221
sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebisas dazaralebulad cno-
bis ufleba aqvs mxolod pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos
(mosamarTles) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas da
isic sasamarTlo kamaTis dawyebamde. Tu piris dazarale-
bulad cnobis safuZveli gamovlinda sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas sasa-
marTlo kamaTis dawyebis Semdeg, an sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT ganxilvisas, sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo (mosamarTle)
uflebamosili ar aris gamoitanos ganCineba (dadgenileba)
piris dazaralebulad cnobis Taobaze.
piris dazaralebulad cnoba SeiZleba ganxorcieleds:
1. piradi gancxadebis safuZvelze
2. procesis mwarmoebeli organos iniciativiT.
piris dazaralebulad cnoba ar aris damokidebuli mis
nebasurvilze. kerZod, dazaralebulad misi cnobisaTvis
aucilebel winapirobas ar warmoadgens misi gancxadeba an
Tanxmoba procesSi CarTvaze1. Sesabamisi zianis savaraudo
miyenebis faqtis dadgenisaTanave dauyovnebliv procesis
mwarmoebeli organo iRebs gadawyvetilebas piris pro-
cesSi dazaralebulad mowvevis Sesaxeb. vinaidan dayovneba
uspobs am pirs kanoniT misTvis miniWebuli uflebebis
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.
dazaralebulad cnoba ar aris damokidebuli arc mis
asakze da arc mis fizikur an fsiqikur mdgomareobaze.
piris dazaralebulad cnobis safuZvels warmoadgens:
1. informacia savaraudod danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb;
2. am qmedebiT pirisaTvis zianis miyenebis faqti;
1 gamonaklisia kerZo da kerZo-sajaro braldebis saqmeebi, romlebzec
sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis safuZvels swored dazaralebulis
saCivari/ gancxadeba warmoadgens
3. mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba qmedebasa da damdgar
zians Soris. _ miuxedavad imisa, rom mizezobrivi kav-
Siris arsebobis dadgena SesaZlebelia mxolod winaswari
gamoZiebis da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas, aman
xeli ar unda SeuSalos piris dazaralebulad cnobas
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sawyiss etapzeve, rodesac
igi acxadebs misTvis zianis miyenebis faqtis Sesaxeb.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi moklebuli iqneba sisxlis
samarTlis procesSi aqtiuri monawileobis da sakuTari
uflebebis/interesebis dacvis SesaZleblobas.
piri dazaralebulad unda iqnes cnobili im SemTxveva-
Sic, Tu misTvis miyenebuli ziani misive aramarTlzomieri
qmedebiT aris gamowveuli. es garemoeba mxedvelobaSi unda
iqnes miRebuli sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
zomis gansazRvrisas, magram ver waarTmevs mas dazarale-
bulis uflebebs.
sssk 68.7 muxlis Tanaxmad dazaralebuli sajaro an
kerZo-sajaro braldebis saqmis gamo aris subsidiuri
bralmdebeli, xolo kerZo braldebis saqmis gamo _ kerZo
bralmdebeli.
aRniSnulis miuxedavad, sajaro an kerZo-sajaro bral-
debis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze subsidiuri bralmdeblis
saxiT monawileobisas dazaralebulis uflebebi mniS-
vnelovnad SezRudulia, vinaidan:
1. mas da mis warmomadgenels ar aqvT ufleba gascdnen
prokuroris mier formulirebuli saxelmwifo bral-
debis farglebs;
2. subsidiuri sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna winaswari
gamoZiebis stadiaze ar mimdinareobs, radgan igi gam-
oixateba dazaralebulis da misi warmomadgenlis mxri-
dan prokuroros mier formulirebuli saxelmwifo
222 223
braldebis mxardaWeraSi. saxelmwifo braldeba ki ar-
sebobs sasamarTlo ganxilvis da ara winaswari gamoZie-
bis stadiaze.
imavdroulad, subsidiuri braldebis SemTxvevaSi proku-
roris mier braldebis moxsnis an Secvlis SemTxvevaSi
dazaralebuls da mis warmomadgenels ufleba aqvT mxari
dauWiron wina braldebas. Aam SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi devna ar wydeba da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
ganxilva sasamarTloSi grZeldeba, sadac bralmdeblad
gamodis dazaralebuli an misi warmomadgeneli, xolo
prokurors uflba aqvs saqmis Semdgom ganxilvaSi
monawileoba ar miiRos radgan man Tavisi pozicia ukve
daafiqsira saxelmwifo braldebasTan mimarTebaSi.
amasTan, dazaralebulsac ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas
braldebis mxardaWeraze. swored amitom, sasamarTlo sx-
domis mosamzadebel stadiaze sasamarTlo sxdomaSi
dazaralebulis monawileobis sakiTxis garkvevisa da mis-
Tvis uflebebis ganmartebis dros sasamarTlom unda
gaarkvios dazaralebulisa da misi warmomadgenlis pozi-
cia subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorciele-
basTan dakavSirebiT.
dazaralebulis interesebis dacvis saintereso SemTx-
vevas warmoadgens kerZo braldebis saqmeTa warmoeba, sadac,
rogorc wesi figurirebs mxolod dazaralebulis kerZo
interesi da dazaralebuli kerZo bralmdeblad gvevlineba.
Sesabamisad misi dawyebisTvisac swored dazaralebulis
saCivaria saWiro, iseve rogorc saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetac,
rogorc wesi, dazaralebulis nebazea damokidebuli (mx-
areTa Serigebaze). Tumca rogorc sasamarTlo praqtika
gviCvenebs, am kategoriis saqmeebze mxareebi erTmaneTs uy-
eneben braldebebs, ris gamoc dazaralebuli imavdroulad
braldebuladac gvevlineba xolme da piriqiT (es gansa-
kuTrebiT exeba ssk 125-e muxls (cema)).
sisxlis samarTlis procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier
piris dazaralebulad cnoba ar niSnavs piris dazaralebu-
lobis sakiTxis savaldebulo wesiT dadasturebas sasa-
marTlo ganaCeniT. sssk iTvaliswinebs piris dazaralebulad
cnobis Sesaxeb ganCinebis (dadgenilebis) gauqmebis valde-
bulebas, Tu aRniSnuli saproceso dokumentis gamotanis
Semdeg dadgindeba, rom amis safuZveli ar arsebobs. amasTan,
es SeiZleba iyos procesis mwarmoebeli igive organo
(Tanamdebobis piri) an Tu es safuZveli gamovlindeba Sem-
deg stadiaze-procesis mwarmoebeli sxva organo (Tanamde-
bobis piri). magaliTad, dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb
gamomZieblis dadgenileba SeiZleba gaauqmos sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom (mosamarTlem),
Tu gauqmebis safuZveli gamovlinda saqmis sasamarTloSi
ganxilvis dros.
erT-erT problematur sakiTxs dazaralebulis samarT-
lebriv statusTan dakavSirebiT warmoadgens dazaralebu-
lis procesualuri damoukideblobis da alternatiuli
gamoZiebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobis sakiTxi, razec
sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda debatebi.
kerZod, ramdenad aris daculi dazaralebulis interesebi
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sajaro braldebis saqmeze saxelmwifo
bralmdebeli uars acxadebs braldebis mxardaWeraze da
dazaralebuls uspobs sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis gagr-
Zelebis SesaZleblobas, rogor wydeba sakiTxi Tu dazarale-
buli ar uWers mxars saxelmwifo bralmdeblis pozicias
da iTxovs Cadenili qmedebis gansxvavebul kvalifikacias
da Sesabamisad gansxvavebuli saxis sisxlis samarTlis
sasjels gansasjelisaTvis.sakmariasia Tu ara aRniSnuli
224 225
miznis misaRwevad misTvis gasaCivrebis da Suamdgomlobis
gancxadebis uflebis miniWeba1. miT umetes, rom sssk 24.3
muxlis Tanaxmad sajaro sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis
ganxorcielebisas prokurori da gamomZiebeli SeboWilni
ar arian dazaralebulis da sxva pirTa poziciiT.
dazaralebulis uflebebi da movaleobebi:
dazaralebulad cnobis momentidan piri iZens ufle-
ba-movaleobaTa farTo kompleqss, romelTa meSveobiTac
igi axorcielebs Tavisi uflebebis da kanonieri ineter-
esebis dacvas da ramac unda uzrunvelyos procesSi misi
monawileobis maRali xarisxi. Tavisi uflebebis real-
izaciis gziT igi axorcielebs braldebis funqcias: sa-
jaro da kerZo-sajaro braldebis saqmeebze aris sub-
sidiuri bralmdebeli, kerZo braldebis saqmeebze-kerZo
bralmdebeli, xolo samoqalaqo sarCelis Setanis SemTx-
vevaSi_ xdeba samoqalaqo mosarCele da iZens mis ufle-
ba-movaleobebsac. imavdroulad misi Cvenebebi mtkiceb-
ulebis wyaroa.
sssk dazaralebulisaTvis miniWebuli uflebebi piro-
biTad sam nawilad iyofa:
1. dazaralebulis specifikuri uflebebi;
2. braldebulis uflebebis analogiuri uflebebi;
3. | procesis sxva monawileTa uflebebis analogiuri
uflebebi.
kerZod, sssk Tanaxmad, dazaralebuls an mis ufle-
1 magaliTad aSS ssskanondebloba dazaralebuls aniWebs sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi devnis ganxorceielbis uflebas. safrangeTis sss kanonmdeblobaSi
`dazaralebuli~ da `samoqalaqo mosarCelis cnebebi~ sinonimebia. dazarale-
buls ufleba eZleva warmoadginos samoqalaqo sarCeli sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi da am gziT daiwyos sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna an samoqalaqo
mosarCelis saxiT Sevides sisxlis samarTlis procesSi prokuroris mier
dawyebul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.
bamonacvles ufleba aqvs:
a) gaecnos dadgenilebas (ganCinebas) dazaralebulad cno-
bis Sesaxeb da miiRos ganmarteba misi Sinaarsisa da
Tavisi ufleba-movaleobebis Sesaxeb;
b) misces Cveneba da ganmarteba;
g) ganacxados acileba;
d) ganacxados Suamdgomlobani mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovis,
sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis, saqmis
garemoebaTa Semowmebisa da samarTalwarmoebis dros
wamoWrili sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb;
e) warmoadginos mtkicebulebani;
v) sawinaaRmdego azri gamoTqvas procesis mwarmoebeli or-
ganos moqmedebaze da moiTxovos misi Setana sagamoZiebo
moqmedebis oqmSi an sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi;
z) gaasaCivros prokurorTan, saCivris uaryofis SemTx-
vevaSi – zemdgom prokurorTan gamomZieblis da proku-
roris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba, xolo am kodeqsiT
dadgenil SemTxvevaSi – sasamarTloSi;
T) pirisTvis braldebis wayenebis Semdeg icodes misi
arsi;
i) monawileoba miiRos Tavisi SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul
sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi;
k) saqmis sabraldebo daskvniT sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis
Semdeg gaecnos saqmis mTeli masalis asls da nivTier
mtkicebulebebs;
m) monawileoba miiRos sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi: warmoad-
ginos mtkicebulebani da gamoikvlios procesis sxva
monawileTa mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebani; gamov-
ides kamaTSi da gamoTqvas azri braldebis dasabuTebu-
lobis, qmedebis kvalifikaciis, sasjelis saxisa da
226 227
zomis, samoqalaqo sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb;
gaecnos sasamarTlo sxdomis oqms da gamoTqvas masze
SeniSvnebi;
n) gaasaCivros pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCeni
Tu sxva gadawyvetileba saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT,
xolo kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi – axlad aRmoCe-
nil da axlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo, da gamoTq-
vas sawinaaRmdego azri procesis sxva monawileTa sa-
Civrebze;
o) ufasod miiRos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da
winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis
(ganCinebis), sabraldebo daskvnis, ganaCenis, sxva
Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aslebi,
Targmnili misTvis gasageb enaze, Tu ar icis sisxlis
samarTlis procesis ena;
p) misces Cveneba da ganmarteba mSobliur an misTvis gasageb
enaze da isargeblos Tarjimnis ufaso momsaxurebiT;
J) monawileoba miiRos saapelacio da sakasacio instancie-
bis sasamarTloTa sxdomebSi da daicvas iq Tavisi
uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi;
r) miiRos procesSi monawileobis Sedegad gaweuli xar-
jebis anazRaureba;
s) daibrunos gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros
saqmis saWiroebisaTvis droebiT CamorTmeuli kuTvnili
qoneba;
t) iyolios warmomadgeneli dazaralebulad cnobis momen-
tidan da samarTalwarmoebis nebismier momentSi uari
Tqvas mis momsaxurebaze;
u) ganTavisufldes advokat-warmomadgenlis Sromis anaz-
Raurebisagan 71-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi;
f) procesis mwarmoebel pirs mosTxovos dacvis RonisZie-
baTa gatareba, Tu safrTxe emuqreba rogorc mis, ise
misi axlo naTesavebis sicocxles, janmrTelobasa da
sakuTrebas
q) uari Tqvas kerZo braldebaze;
R) mxolod dazarlebulis TanxmobiT SeiZleba Catardes
dazaralebulis Semowmeba, eqspertiza dakavSirebuli
gaSiSvlebasTan. agreTve sircxvilis grZnobis gamom-
wvevi sxva moqmedeba1.
dazaralebulisa da misi uflebamonacvlis movaleobe-
bi:
1. dazaralebuli an misi uflebamonacvle valdebulia
gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos
gamoZaxebiT _ sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi an sasamarTlo
sxdomaSi dazaralebulis monawileobis uzrunvelyofis
mizniT gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan an mosamarTlesTan.
dazaralebulis arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis
SemTxvevaSi igi SeiZleba iZulebiT moiyvanon procesis
nebismier stadiaze, magram mxolod sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebis (winaswari gamoZiebisas_ brZanebis, saqmis
arsebiTad ganxilvisas-dadgenilebis an ganCinebis) sa-
fuZvelze. amasTan, dauSvebelia dazaralebulis moyvana
misi winaswari gamoZaxebis, nebayoflobiT gamocxade-
baze uaris Tqmis da mizezis arasapatio xasiaTis
dadgenis gareSe. rogorc wesi, dauSvebelia sasamarT-
loSi saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas dazaralebulis
iZulebiT moyvana ssk 140 da 141-e muxlebiT gaTval-
1 sssk 69.1 muxlis `R~ qvepunqti iTvaliswinebs aseve mis uflebas samar-
TalSi micemis stadiaze monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, maSin, rodesac
es stadia 2006wlis 28 aprilis kanoniT gauqmebulia.
228 229
iswinebul danaSaulTa saqmeebze, Tumca gamonaklisis
saxiT, sssk iTvaliswinebs dazaralebulis iZulebiT
moyvanas Tu mosamarTles dazaralebulis monawileobis
gareSe SeuZleblad miaCnia saqmis gadawyveta.
dazaralebulis gamoucxadebloba sajaro da kerZo-
sajaro braldebis saqmeze ar abrkolebs sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis ganxorcielebas.
2. gulaxdilad acnobos yvelaferi, rac saqmesTan dakav-
SirebiT icis, da upasuxos dasmul SekiTxvebs_
dazaralebuls cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis ekisreba pa-
suxismgebloba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsis 370-e muxlis Sesabamisad. amasTan, sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devna am safuZvliT SeiZleba daiwyos mxolod
ganaCenis an sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.
3. ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT misTvis cnobili
garemoebebi, Tu igi amis Sesaxeb gaafrTxila procesis
mwarmoebelma organom;
4. daicvas sssk dadgenili wesi winaswari gamoZiebis dros
da sasamarTloSi.
dazaralebulis warmomadgeneli:
sisxlis samarTlis procesi Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom
procesis mwarmoebel organoebs akisrebs valdebulebas
detalurad ganumarton dazaralebuls misi uflebebi da
movaleobebi, daicvan da xeli Seuwyon misi uflebebis ganx-
orcielebas, vinaidan dazaralebuli, rogorc wesi, iu-
ridiuli ganaTlebis ar mqonea, sssk dazaralebulis ufle-
bebis da kanonieri inetersebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis
mizniT iTvaliswinebs dazaraleblis warmomadgenlis
monawileobas winaswar gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi. amas-
Tanave, sssk:
1. warmomadgenlad monawileobis uflebas aniWebs mxolod
advokatebs;
2. ar zRudavs dazaralebuls warmomadgenelTa raode-
nobaSi _ dazaralebuls SeuZlia procesSi moiwvios
warmomadgenelTa misTvis sasurveli raodenoba.
3. adgens procesSi warmomadgenlis monawileobis saval-
debulo SemTxvevebs.
warmomadgenlis institutis mizania xeli Seuwyos
procesis monawileTa mier sssk miniWebuli uflebebis,
movaleobebis da kanonieri ineteresebis srulyofilad
dacva-ganxorcielebas. aseTi dacva, rogorc wesi, sWird-
eba ara mxolod fizikur, aramed iuridiul pirebsac,
romlebic:
a) moklebulni arian procesSi damoukideblad monawileo-
bis SesaZleblobas-magaliTad janmrTelobis mdgomare-
obis (qmeduunaroba, xangrZlivi stacionaluri
mkurnaloba), mivlinebaSi yofnis gamo da a.S;
b) procesSi monawileobisas ganicdian mniSvnelovan sirTu-
leebs TavianTi uflebebis da kanonieri interesebis
realizaciasTan dakavSirebiT-magaliTad SezRuduli
qmedunarianoba-arasrulwlovneba da a.S;
g) vinaidan ar gaaCniaT iuridiuli ganaTleba, upirateso-
bas aniWeben advokatebis daxmarebas;
d) iuridiuli pirebi da saxelmwifo-procesSi monawileo-
ben mxolod warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.
sssk adgens procesSi dazaralebulis warmomadgenlis
monawileobis or SemTxvevas:
1. fakultaturi-procesSi dazaralebulis warmomadgenlis
monawileoba damokidebulia dazaralebulis nebasur-
vilze. Tumca am SemTxvevaSic warmomadgenlis pro-
cesSi Semosvlis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos an dazrale-
230 231
bulTan dadebuli SeTanxmeba iuridiuli momsaxurebis
gawevis Taobaze an procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier
warmomadgenlis daniSvna;
2. savaldebulo SemTxvevebi-warmomadgenlis mowveva xde-
ba dazaralebulis nebis miuxedavad da calkeul SemTx-
vevebSi misi nebis sawinaaRmdegodac (Tu igi uars
acxadebs saerTod warmomadgenlis mowvevaze da ara
konkretul pirze) da miekuTvneba erT-erT Semdeg kat-
egorias:
• aris arasrulwlovani;
• qmeduunaro an SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone;
• janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ar SeuZlia daic-
vas Tavisi interesebi
• aris adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) danaSaulSi
dazaralebuli
• aris arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis (trefikingis) da-
naSaulSi dazaralebuli
aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi procesis mwarmoebeli organo
uzrunvelyofs saqmeSi advokatis monwileobas, romlis
xarjebsac aanazRaurebs saxelmwifo. unda aRiniSnos, rom
mxolod savaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevebTan mimarTebaSi
sssk iTvaliswinebs dacvis funqciis ganxorcielebis
uflebis miniWebas advokat-warmomadgenlis paralelurad
dazaralebulis kanonieri warmomadgenlisTvisac.
dazaralebulis savaldebulo warmomadgenlobasTan
dakavSireiT sainteresoa dazaralebulis ufleba warmomad-
genlis arCevaze da warmomadgenlis daxmarebaze uaris Tqmis
Taobaze, iseve rogorc sakiTxi warmomadgenelTa Secvlis
Sesaxeb, rogorc maTi saxazino wesiT daniSvnis, aseve saval-
debulo warmomadgenlobis SemTxvevebTan mimarTebaSi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sssk aRniSnul sakiTxs pirdapir
ar aregulirebs, procesSi mxareTa Tanabaruflebianobis da
SejibrebiTobis principisaTvis saTanado winapirobebis Se-
qnis mizniT igulismeba, rom aq moqmedebs sssk is normebi,
romlebic aregulireben aRniSnul sakiTxs braldebulebT-
an (gansasjelebTan) mimarTebaSi. Sesabamisad,
dazaralebuls ufleba aqvs procesis nebismier stadi-
aze uari Tqvas daniSnuli Tu mowveuli warmomadgenlis
daxamarebaze da damoukideblad ganaxorcielos dacva an
moiwvios sxva warmomadgeneli. imavdroulad mas ufleba
aqvs Secvalos Tavisi uari warmomadgenlis daxmarebaze da
mogvianebiT moiTxovos warmomadgenlis daniSvna an Tavad
moiwvios igi. uari warmomadgenlis momsaxurebaze da misi
Secvlis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba unda dakmayofildes Tu
uari miznad ar isaxavs procesis gaWianurebas an procesis
sxva monawilisaTvis xelis SeSlas Tavisi uflebebis ganx-
orcielebaSi. amasTan, procesis mwarmoebel organos ara
aqvs ufleba SezRudos dazaralebuli warmomadgenlis ar-
CevanSi.
sssk Tanaxmad procesSi dazaralebulis warmomadgenlis
monawileobis safuZvelia:
1. mowveva dazaralebulis an misi kanonieri warmomad-
genlis mier
2. daniSvna procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier.
Pprocesis mwarmoebeli organos mier warmomadgenlis
daniSvnas adgili aqvs or SemTxvevaSi:
1. savaldebulo warmomadgenloba;
2. Tu dazaralebuls surs iyolios warmomadgeneli,
magram ar gaaCnia sakmarisi finansuri SesaZlebloba misi
mowvevisaTvis-kerZod, gadaxdisuunarobis damadasturebeli
dokumentis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi, romelsac gascems
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis da mmarTvelobis organo,
232 233
saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs arasmqone dazaralebulis in-
teresebis warmomadgenlad advokatis mowvevas saxelmwifos
xarjze. Tu SeuZlebeli xdeba dazaralebulis gadaxdisu-
unarobis damadasturebeli dokumentis miReba, gadaw-
yvetilebas dazaralebulisaTvis warmomadgenlis saxelm-
wifos xarjze daniSvnis Sesaxeb iRebs procesis mwarmoebeli
organo.
amasTan, dazaralebulis warmomadgenlis daniSvnas ad-
gili aqvs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca dazaralebuls ar
mouwvevia warmomadgeneli.
warmomadgenlis uflebebi da movaleobebi:
warmomadgeneli procesSi monawileobs dazaralebulis
paralelurad. igi ar enacvleba dazaralebuls da imavdrou-
lad valdebulia sakuTari saproceso pozicia da warmo-
madgenlobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi SeuTanxmos
dazaralebuls. warmomadgeneli monawileobs procesSi
dazaralebulTan erTad an misi davalebiT_ marto, garda
im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac sssk iTvaliswinebs piradad
dazaralebulis savaldebulo monawileobas.
warmomadgeneli sargeblobs igive uflebebiT, rac
dazaralebuli. gamonaklisia:
1. im uflebaTa kompleqsi, romlis ganxorcielebac
piradad dazaralebulTan aris dakavSirebuli_ magaliTad,
Cvenebis micema, ufleba ufaso iuridiul warmomadgen-
lobaze, ufleba Semajamebeli dokumentebis ufasod da
misTvis gasageb enaze miRebaze, ufleba saqmis saWiroebi-
saTvis droebiT CamorTmeuli misi kuTvnili qonebis dab-
runebaze; ufleba iyolios warmomadgeneli.
2. uflebebi, romelTa ganxorcieleba daiSveba mxolod
dazaralebulTan SeTanxmebiT.
dazaralebulis warmomadgenels ara aqvs ufleba,
dazaralebulis Tanxmobis gareSe:
_ daeTanxmos uars sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da
winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetaze,
_ prokuroris uars braldebaze an braldebis Secv-
laze,
_ uari Tqvas sarCelze,
_ Seamciros sarCelis Tanxa,
_ mourigdes an Seurigdes braldebuls kerZo bralde-
bis saqmeTa gamo,
_ gaasaCivros ganaCeni da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo
gadawyvetileba, an
_ uari Tqvas maT gasaCivrebaze.
gamonaklisia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac warmomadgen-
loba xorcieledeba dazaralebulis nebisagan damoukide-
blad savaldebulo warmomadgenlobis farglebSi.
dazaralebulis warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs procesis
mwarmoebel organos (Tanamdebobis pirs) mosTxovos dacvis
RonisZiebaTa gatareba, Tu safrTxe emuqreba misi an misi
axlo naTesavis:
_ sicocxles;
_ janmrTelobas;
_ sakuTrebas.
dazaralebulis warmomadgenels ekisreba sssk 70-e
muxlis pirveli nawiliT dazaralebulze dakisrebuli
movaleobebi. amasTan, warmomadgenels, arc erT SemTxvevaSi
ara aqvs ufleba imoqmedos dazaralebulis interesebis
sazianod.
dazaralebulis warmomadgeneli monawileobas ver mi-
iRebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, Tu:
234 235
a) igi winaT monawileobda imave saqmeSi, rogorc mosa-
marTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo sxdomis
mdivani, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani an dam-
swre;
b) mas naTesauri urTierToba aqvs mosamarTlesTan,
prokurorTan, gamomZiebelTan an sasamarTlo sxdomis mdi-
vanTan, romelic monawileobda an monawileobs am saqmis
gamoZiebasa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi, anda pirTan, romlis
interesebic ewinaaRmdegeba procesis im monawilis inter-
esebs da romelmac masTan dado SeTanxmeba iuridiuli
daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb;
g) mas ukavia mosamarTlis, prokuroris an gamomZieblis
Tanamdeboba, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca igi Sromisuunaro
piris kanonieri warmomadgenelia, anda roca dawesebuleba,
romelSic igi muSaobs, cnobilia samoqalaqo mosarCeled
an samoqalaqo mopasuxed da is am dawesebulebis warmomad-
genlad gamodis;
d) igi iuridiul daxmarebas uwevs an winaT uwevda
pirs, romlis interesebic ewinaaRmdegeba mis mier dasa-
cavi braldebulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebulis, samo-
qalaqo mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis interesebs,
romlis warmomadgenelic is aris;
e) dasacavi piri (marwmunebeli) uars ambobs dacvaze
(warmomadgenlobaze) da uari miRebulia.
$5. eWvmitanilis samarTlebrivi statusi$5. eWvmitanilis samarTlebrivi statusi
eWvmitanili sisxlis samarTlis procesis subieqtia,
romelic saproceso-samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi Cndeba
winaswari gamoZiebis sawyis etapze. procesSi misi
monawileoba lokalur xasiaTs atarebs, radgan eWvmitani-
lis saproceso mdgomareobaSi piri SeiZleba imyofebodes
mxolod drois mcire monakveTis manZilze.
moqmedi saproceso kanonis Tanaxmad, piris eWvmitanilad
cnoba xdeba dadgenilebis gamotaniT an dakavebis oqmis
SedgeniT.
eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenileba gamoaqvs
prokurors an gamomZiebels prokuroris TanxmobiT. aseTi
dadgenileba SeiZleba iyos gamotanili im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac arsebobs safuZveli eWvisaTvis, anu arsebobs faq-
tobrivi monacemebi, romlebic miuTiTeben piris mier dana-
Saulis Cadenis faqtze, magram es ar aris sakmarisi misT-
vis braldebis wasayeneblad. cxadia, kanoni ar moiTxovs
sarwmunod iyos damtkicebuli piris monawileoba danaSau-
lis CadenaSi. aseTi moTxovna ararealuri iqneboda gamoZie-
bis sawyis etapze, magram aucilebelia gamoZiebis organoebs
gaaCndeT eWvis dasabuTebisaTvis saWiro mtkicebulebebi.
danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba Sei-
Zleba ganxorcieldes saqarTvelos sssk 142-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas. dakavebisTanave
dauyovnebliv unda Sedges dakavebis oqmi policiis Tanam-
Sromlis an sxva kompetenturi Tanamdebobis piris mier.
amasTan, Tu dakavebis oqmis Sedgena dakavebisTanave SeuZle-
belia garkveuli obieqturi mizezebis gamo, igi unda
Sedges policiis dawesebulebaSi dakavebulis miyvanisTanave.
piris eWvmitanilad cnoba xdeba faqtobrivad dakavebis
236 237
oqmiT da dakavebisas calke dadgenilebis gamotana piris
eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb saWiro ar aris.
kanonis Tanaxmad piris dakavebis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv
unda ecnobos prokurors, romelic Tavis mxriv, uflebam-
osilia gaecnos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebs, dakave-
bulis dakiTxvisa da gamomZieblis dasabuTebis mosmenis
gziT Seamowmos dakavebis kanoniereba da dasabuTebuloba,
Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna anda gamoZieba da
gaaTavisuflos dakavebuli.
aRsaniSnavia, rom braldebisagan gansxvavebiT eWvi
garkveuli specifikis matarebelia. kanonis Tanaxmad, dadge-
nilebaSi braldebulis saxiT piris pasuxisgebaSi micemis
Sesaxeb braldeba unda iyos zustad formulirebuli, eWvis
mimarT ki aseTi moTxovna ar arsebobs, radgan monacemebi
danaSaulis Camden savaraudo pirze am etapisaTvis sakma-
risi sisruliT jer kidev ar aris gamovlenili. amitom
saproceso dokumentebSi (dadgenilebaSi eWvmitanilad piris
cnobis Sesaxeb da dakavebis oqmSi) eWvi ar SeiZleba ise
konkretulad iyos gamoxatuli, rogorc braldeba.
sssk 72-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu eWvmitanili dakaveb-
uli ar aris, mas unda waeyenos braldeba ara ugvianes
30 dRisa. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg, Tu mas braldeba ar
waeyena, dadgenileba misi eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb
uqmdeba. Tu eWvmitanili dakavebulia dakavebis saerTo
vada ar unda aRematebodes 48 saaTs. eWvmitanils am vadis
amowurvamde unda waeyenos braldeba. momdevno 24 saaTSi
piri unda waredginos sasamarTlos, romelmac unda miiRos
gadawyvetileba mis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefarde-
bis Taobaze, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi piri unda gaTavisu-
fldes.
eWvmitanils, rogorc procesis subieqts gaaCnia kanoniT
gansazRvruli saproceso ufleba-movaleobebi. igi Tavisi
uflebebis realizacias axorcielebs braldebulis msgavsad.
upirveles yovlisa, sssk 73-e muxlis Tanaxmad, eWvmitanils
ufleba aqvs, icodes Tu romeli danaSaulis CadenaSi ar-
sebobs mis mimarT eWvi. mocemuli uflebis uzrunvelsayofad
dadgenilebaSi eWvmitanilad piris cnobis Sesaxeb unda iyos
miTiTebuli eWvis safuZveli, xolo dakavebis oqmSi saval-
debuloa aRiniSnos dakavebis safuZveli da motivebi,
agreTve danaSauli, romlis CadenaSicaa eWvmitanili piri.
oqms xels unda awerdes dakavebuli. amasTan, eWvmitanils
eWvmitanilad cnobisTanave xelze unda gadaeces eWvmita-
nilad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis asli, xolo dakavebis
SemTxvevaSi dakavebis oqmis asli.
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs misces an ar misces Cveneba.
am kuTxiT is sruliad gaTanabrebulia braldebulTan.
eWvmitanili ar SeiZleba mieces sisxlis samarTlis pasux-
isgebaSi Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis (radgan mas aqvs
dumilis ufleba, rac unda ganemartos dakavebisTanave) da
arc winaswari SecnobiT cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis. eWvmi-
tanils ufleba aqvs ar daibralos danaSauli. kanonis es
moTxovna Seesabameba samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebe-
bis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtis moTxovnebs.
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs iyolios damcveli. amasTan
damcvelis mowvevis moTxovna unda dakmayofildes dakave-
bisTanave, dauyovnebliv, axsna-ganmartebis micemamde, xolo
Tu es obieqturi mizezebis gamo ver xerxdeba, maqsimalurad
gonivrul droSi, raTa eWvmitanils mieces sakmarisi dro
da saSualeba Tavis dasacavad. amasTan eWvmitanils ufleba
aqvs moiTxovos damcvelis mowveva rogorc SeTanxmebiT,
aseve daniSvniT anazRaurebisagan srulad ganTavisuflebiT
sssk me-80 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.
238 239
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs pirispir, calke Sexvdes dam-
cvels Sexvedrebis raodenobisa da xangrZlivobis SeuzRu-
davad. amasTan, kanoni iTvaliswinebs mocemuli uflebis
SezRudvasac. kerZod, gamoZiebis interesebidan gamomdinare
aRniSnuli ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos gonivruli vadiT.
es SezRudva ganpirobebulia procesSi eWvmitanilis epi-
zoduri da moklevadiani monawileobiT. eWvmitanili Tu
isargeblebs damcvelTan pirispir Sexvedris SeuzRudavi
uflebamosilebiT, faqtobrivad SeiZleba ise amoiwuros
misi eWvmitanilad yofnis vada, rom man ver SeZlos sxva
uflebebis realizacia. cxadia, es garemoeba xels SeuSlis
aseve procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis pirs
eWvmitanilis mimarT sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso moq-
medebebis ganxorcielebaSi. amasTan, Tanamdebobis piris
TviTnebobis Tavidan asacileblad kanonmdeblis mier gaT-
valiswinebulia aRniSnuli uflebis SezRudvis da gonivru-
li vadis dawesebis Taobaze gamoZiebis mwarmoebeli piris
mier motivirebuli dadgenilebis gamotanis aucilebloba.
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs dakavebisTanave an eWvmitanilad
cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotanisTanave moiTxovos
ufaso samedicino Semowmeba, aseve samedicino eqspertizis
daniSvna misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesamowmeblad,
rac dauyovnebliv unda dakmayofildes winaaRmdeg SemTx-
vevaSi eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros eqspertizis
daniSvnaze uari erTjeradad raionis (qalaqis) sasamarT-
loSi gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT. saCivari ganixileba misi
miRebidan 24 saaTSi, amasTan, mis mier miRebuli gadaw-
yvetileba ar saCivrdeba zemdgom instanciaSi. eWvmitanils
xelze unda gadaeces samedicino Semowmebis Taobaze weri-
lobiTi daskvna, agreTve eqspertizis daskvna.
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos misi an
misi damcvelis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul sagamoZiebo
moqmedebebSi. Cxrekis, amoRebis da SemTxvevis adgilis daT-
valierebis dros moiwvios damswre (ara umetes orisa),
xolo Tu man ar icis, an arasaTanadod icis sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis ena, ufasod isargeblos Tarjimnis
momsaxurebiT.
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs ganacxados Suamdgomlobebi.
Suamdgomloba SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis. kerZod, ama
Tu im piris mowmis saxiT dakiTxvis Sesaxeb, mtkicebule-
bebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da a.S. cxadia, Suamdgomloba
unda iyos dasabuTebuli, argumentirebuli. mas ufleba aqvs
ganacxados acileba, waradginos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic
gamoricxaven mis monawileobas danaSaulis CadenaSi, an am-
subuqeben mis pasuxismgeblobas. amasTan, Tu eWvmitanili
ver waradgens misi eWvis uarmyofel, gamabaTilebel an
gamomricxav mtkicebulebebs, es garemoeba ar SeiZleba miC-
neuli iyos eWvis dadasturebad, radgan udanaSaulobis
prezumfciidan gamomdinare eWvmitanili ar aris valdebuli
amtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba. eWvisa da braldebis mt-
kicebis movaleoba akisria procesis mwarmoebel organos.
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs sssk 138-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
dakavebidan araugvianes 5 saaTSi, xolo Tu is arasrulw-
lovania araugvianes 3 saaTisa Seatyobinos ojaxis wevrebs
an naTesavebsa da axloblebs dakavebis Sesaxeb da dakave-
bis adgili.
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros gamomZieblis moq-
medebebi da gadawyvetilebebi prokurorTan, prokurorisa _
zemdgom prokurorTan, aseve kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi
_ sasamarTloSi. ufleba aqvs miiRos anazRaureba zianisaT-
vis, romelic mas miadga ukanono dakavebis Sedegad.
240 241
eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs gamomZieblisagan miiRos amom-
wuravi ganmarteba Tavisi uflebebisa da movaleobebis
Sesaxeb. eWvmitanilis mier Tavisi uflebebis gamouyen-
ebloba ar SeiZleba gagebuli an ganmartebuli iqnes misi
danaSaulis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.
kanonSi savaldebulo wesiT ar aris formulirebuli
eWvmitanilis dakiTxvis Taobaze, radgan dakavebuli eWvmi-
tanilis dakiTxva procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamde-
bobis piris uflebamosilebaa, rac ar migvaCnia sworad.
eWvmitanilis dakiTxva saqmis garemoebebze da mis dakave-
basTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze unda warmoebdes dauy-
ovnebliv, rac erTis mxriv, eWvmitanils miscems SesaZle-
blobas daicvas Tavi da uaryos eWvis safuZveli da meores
mxriv, procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis piri
miiRebs informacias uSualod eWvmitanilisagan momxdari
faqtis da am danaSaulSi misi monawileobis sakiTxebze.
uflebebTan erTad eWvmitanils akisria garkveuli
movaleobebi. kerZod, igi movalea gamocxaddes gamoZaxebi-
sTanave procesis mwarmoebel organoSi; xeli ar SeuSalos
WeSmaritebis dadgenas mtkicebulebaTa mospobiT, falsi-
fikaciiT, mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa SegulianebiT. xeli
ar SeuSalos procesis mwarmoebel organos Semowmebis,
eqspertizis, saeqsperto gamokvlevis, nimuSebis aRebis,
eqspertizisaTvis samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis,
piradi Cxrekisa da sxva saproceso moqmedebebis Catarebis
Sesaxeb gamotanil kanonier dadgenilebaTa Sesrulebas.
saproceso movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis eWvmita-
nilis mimarT gamoiyeneba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
iZulebis RonisZiebebi.
$6. braldebulis samarTlebrivi statusi $6. braldebulis samarTlebrivi statusi
da ufleba-movaleobebida ufleba-movaleobebi
braldebuli sisxlis samarTlis procesisi erT-erTi
centraluri subieqtia. im qmedebaze, romelic mas bralad
eracxeba warmoebs winaswari gamoZieba, sasamarTlo gamoZie-
ba da dgindeba ganaCeni.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
mixedviT ,,braldebuli~ gvareobiTi cnebaa, masTan mimarTe-
baSi terminebi ,,eWvmitanili~, ,,gansasjeli~, ,,msjavrdebu-
li~ warmoadgenen saxeobiT cnebebs. braldebuls, romlis
mimarTac arsebobs gonivruli eWvis safuZveli, rom man
Caidina danaSauli, magram amgvari eWvi ar aris sakmarisi
imisaTvis, rom piris mimarT wayenebul iqnes braldeba,
kanoni uwodebs eWvmitanils; braldebuls, romlis mi-
marTac mimdinareobs sasamarTlo ganxilva ewodeba gan-
sasjeli; braldebuls, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia
gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni _ msjavdebuli, xolo gamamarTle-
beli ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi ki gamarTlebuli.
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTadad TavisuflebaTa dacvis
Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, bral-
debuli aris piri, romlis mimarTac ama Tu im formiT
xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna _sabraldebo
saqmianoba. rogorc vxedavT, evropuli konvencia farTod
ganmartavs braldebulis cnebas da Slis sxvaobas eWvmita-
nils, braldebulsa da gansasjels Soris.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
44-e muxlis 24-e punqtis Tanaxmad, braldebuli aris
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemuli piri. sssk 75_
e muxlis mixedviT, braldebulad iTvleba piri, romlis
mimarTac gamotanilia gamomZieblis an prokuroris dadge-
242 243
nileba misi braldebulad pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb.
piris braldebulad cnobis uflebamosileba gaaCnia
gamomZiebels prokuroris TanxmobiT da prokurors. amisT-
vis maT unda gamoitanon dadgenileba braldebulis saxiT
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb.
braldebulad piris cnobisaTvis unda arsebobdes faq-
tobrivi da samarTlebrivi safuZveli. unda arsebobdes
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT Sekrebili da Semowmebuli mt-
kicebulebebis erToblioba, romlebiT miuTiTeben imaze, rom
swored konkretuli piris mier aris Cadenili qmedeba,
romelic Seicavs danaSaulis niSnebs. sssk 281 –e muxlis
ZaliT braldebis wayenebis safuZvelia im mtkicebulebaTa
erToblioba, romlebic sakmarisia dasabuTebuli varaudis-
aTvis, rom konkretulma pirma Caidina danaSauli.
udanaSaulobis prezumciis principidan gamomdinare
piris cnoba braldebulad jer kidev ar niSnavs mis dam-
naSaved gamocxadebas. braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi
micemis Semdeg SeiZleba dadgindes misi arabraleuloba da
saqme am piris mimarT Sewydes; prokurorma SeiZleba sasa-
marTloSi uari Tqvas braldebaze; SesaZlebelia sasamarT-
lom gamoitanos gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.
braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis aqti iwvevs
saproceso Sedegebs. kerZod, braldebulisTvis cnobili
xdeba Tu raSi edeba mas brali da Sesabamisad mas uCndeba
garkveuli ufleba-movaleobebi; gamomZiebeli, prokurori
movaleni arian braldebuls ganumarton kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli misi ufleba-movaleobebi da uzrunvelyon misi
ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobebi, amasTan isini uflebam-
osilni arian braldebulis mimarT gamoiyenon kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi
iZulebis RonisZieba.
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis mTel manZilze braldebu-
li warmoadgens dacvis uflebis subieqts, Tumca misi
saproceso mdgomareoba procesis sxvadasxva stadiebze erTi
da igive ar aris.
braldebulis saproceso statusis safuZvlebi ganmt-
kicebulia saqarTvelos konstituciaSi (m. 42-e), maTi
konkretizireba xdeba saproceso kodeqsSi. kanoni ara mx-
olod CamoTvlis braldebulis uflebebs, aramed iTval-
iswinebs maTi uzrunvelyofis saproceso saSualebebis
rTul meqanizms. ZiriTadi ufleba, romelic braldebuls
aqvs kanoniT miniWebuli da romelic gansazRvravs mis sap-
roceso mdgomareobas es aris dacvis ufleba.
braldebulis dacvis ufleba _ es aris sxvadasxva
uflebebis kompleqsi, rac braldebuls gaaCnia procesis
yvela stadiaze da rac mas aZlevs SesaZleblobas uaryos
braldeba, daicvas Tavisi interesebi da Tavisi pozicia
saqmeze. kanonSi CamoTvlili braldebulis yvela ufleba
SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc ufro zogad kategoriaSi _
dacvis uflebaSi Semavali.
braldebulis ufleba-movaleobebi gansazRvrulia sssk-
is 76-77 -e muxlebiT. braldebulad cnobisTanave dauy-
ovnebliv, aseve nebismieri dakiTxvis win, misTvis gasageb
enaze braldebuls unda ecnobos saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli romeli danaSaulis
CadenaSi edeba brali. braldebuls unda gadaeces bralde-
bulad cnobis dadgenilebis asli.
ufleba icodes raSi edeba brali – braldebulis
uflebaTa Soris upirvelesia, radgan mis gareSe SeuZle-
belia sakuTari Tavis dacva. braldebulis saxiT pasuxis-
gebaSi micemis dadgenilebaSi miTiTebulia romeli dana-
Saulis CadenaSia piri braleuli da sisxlis samarTlis
244 245
kodeqsis romeli norma iTvaliswinebs am danaSauls.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs misces ganmarteba wardgenil
braldebaze, misces Cveneba. wardgenili braldebis ganmarte-
bas braldebuli iZleva dakiTxvis procesSi. Cvenebis mice-
misas is gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas wardgenili
braldebis mimarT (cnobs Tavs damnaSaved srulad, nawilo-
briv cnobs, saerTod ar cnobs) da Sesabamisad mohyavs
mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastureben an uaryofen bral-
debis Teziss.
cxadia, Cvenebis micema braldebulisaTvis uflebaa da
ara movaleoba. mas unda ganemartos braldebulad cno-
bisTanave, rom ar aris movale amxilos Tavisi Tavi an
axlo naTesavi danaSaulis CadenaSi. braldebuli ar agebs
pasuxs Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an cru Cvenebis
micemisaTvis.
Tu braldebuli CaTvlis, rom Tavis dacvis saukeTeso
saSualebaa Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma, mas aqvs ufleba
isargeblos dumiliT da kiTxvebze pasuxis micemisagan Tavi
Seikavos. kanonis Tanaxmad, braldebuls unda ganemartos
ufleba ar daibralos danaSauli da rom yvelaferi, rasac
igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes mis winaaRmdeg.
aRsaniSnavia, rom dumilis ufleba braldebuls SeuZlia
gamoiyenos samarTalwarmoebis mTel manZilze, amasTan
dumili ar SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli rogorc misi
braleulobis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba.
ufleba iyolios damcveli _ braldebulis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi uflebaa.
braldebuls aqvs damcvelis arCevisa da yolis, aseve
mis mier arCeuli damcvelis Secvlis ufleba nebismier
dros, xolo Tu is uqonelia_ufleba daeniSnos damcveli
saxelmwifos xarjze.
damcvelis personaluri mowveva braldebulis pre-
rogativaa. amitom braldebuls ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas
damcvelis momsaxurebaze da Tavi daicvas damoukideblad.
amasTan kanoni adgens damcvelis savaldebulo monawileo-
bis SemTxvevebs. aseTi SemTxvevebis arsebobisas braldebu-
lis uari damcvelze ar aris savaldebulo gamomZieblisaT-
vis, prokurorisaTvis da sasamarTlosaTvis. braldebu-
lisa da damcvelis urTierToba konfidencialuria da
akrZalulia SezRudvebis daweseba. braldebuls ufleba
aqvs Sexvdes damcvels pirispir Sexvedrebis raodenobisa
da xangrZlivobis miuxedavad.
kanonis Tanaxmad, braldebuls ufleba aqvs damoukide-
blad, an damcvelis meSveobiT Caataros kerZo gamoZieba.
Tumca kanonSi ar aris konkretuli miTiTeba kerZo gamoZie-
bis Catarebis saproceso wesis Sesaxeb. kerZo gamoZiebis
Catarebis erT-erT elementad SeiZleba CaiTvalos mtkice-
bulebebis mopoveba da wardgena. braldebulis mier mop-
ovebul mtkicebulebas braldebis mxaris mier mopovebuli
mtkicebulebis Tanabari Zala aqvs.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs gamoiTxovos mtkicebuleba
nebismieri saxelmwifo dawesebulebidan, organizaciidan,
komerciuli Tu sxva saxis kerZo dawesebulebidan, romel-
ic saWiroa braldebis uarsayofad an pasuxismgeblobis
Sesamsubuqeblad. Tu braldebuls uZneldeba mtkicebuleb-
is gamoTxova mas ufleba aqvs procesis mwarmoebel orga-
nos mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT, raTa sagani, dokumenti,
masala an sxva saxis faqtobrivi monacemi, romelsac saqmisT-
vis mniSvneloba aqvs da braldebulis mimarT wardgenil
braldebas aqarwylebs an amsubuqebs iyos gamoTxovili da
wardgenili gamoZiebis organoSi an sasamarTloSi.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs aRZras Suamdgomloba. bral-
246 247
debulis mier gancxadebuli Suamdgomloba SeiZleba iyos
sxvadasxvagvari. Suamdgomloba SeiZleba exebodes mtkice-
bulebebis gamoTxovas, danaSaulis kvalifikaciis Secvlas,
aRkveTis RonisZiebis gauqmebas an Secvlas, saqmis warmoe-
bis Sewyvetas, sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebas da a.S.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs Suamdgomloba aRZras rogorc
winaswari gamoZiebisas, aseve sasamarTloSi. Tu Sumadgom-
lobaSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqonea, Suadgomloba unda dakmayofildes. Suamdgomlobis
dakmayofilebaze sruli an nawilobrivi uari unda iyos
asaxuli gamomZieblis an mosamarTlis motivirebul dadge-
nilebaSi da sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi. Suamdgomlobis dak-
mayofilebis Sesaxeb ecnobeba braldebuls, romelsac
ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba. winas-
wari gamoZiebis dros dayenebuli Suamdgomlobis dakmay-
ofilebis Sesaxeb uari, braldebuls ar arTmevs uflebas
imave saxis Suamdgomloba kvlav daayenos saqmis warmoebis
momdevno etapebze. braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos
sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba, monawileoba miiRos misi
an misi damcvelis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul sagamoZiebo
moqmedebaSi. gamoZiebis Sevsebis mizniT dacvis mtkiceb-
ulebis mopovebisaTvis braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos
calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba, rac savaldebu-
loa gamomZieblisaTvis. sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi monawileo-
ba ar gulisxmobs braldebulis ubralo daswrebas dakiTx-
vis, amocnobis, daTvalierebis da sxva moqmedebaTa Catare-
bisas. braldebuls ufleba aqvs SekiTxvebi dausvas dasakiTx
pirebs, gamomZieblis yuradReba miapyros iseT garemoebebze,
romlebic misi bralis uaryofis an braldebis Semamsub-
uqebeli safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes. amasTan braldebuls
ufleba aqvs moiTxovos damcvelis daswreba misi monawile-
obiT Catarebuli nebismieri sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dros.
es metad mniSvnelovani uflebaa, radgan samarTlebriv
sakiTxze damcvelis konsultacia aucilebelia sagamoZiebo
moqmedebis msvlelobisas. braldebulis aqtiurobis mocu-
lobas swored aseTi rCeva_darigebebi gansazRvravs.
kanonis Tanaxmad braldebuls droulad unda Seatyobi-
non misi an misi damcvelis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebuli
sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dro da adgili. winaaRmdeg SemTx-
vevaSi aseTi moqmedeba ar unda Catardes, xolo Catarebu-
li sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkiceb-
uleba dauSveblad unda iqnes cnobili. kanonis moTxovna,
cxadia, samarTliania, radgan sagamoZiebo moqmedeba tar-
deba ara gamomZieblis iniciativiT, aramed braldebulis an
misi damcvelis SuamdgomlobiT da maTi daswreba da
monawileoba amitomac aris savaldebulo. Tu braldebuls
sapatio mizezi gaaCnia aRniSnuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis
Catareba SeiZleba gadaidos. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu bralde-
buli dapatimrebulia aseT moqmedebebs eswreba misi dam-
cveli da ara TviTon braldebuli, rac mis uflebebis
erTgvar SezRudvad SeiZleba iyos miCneuli. rac Seexeba
damcvels, Tu damcveli sapatio mizeziT ver iRebs
monawileobas misi an braldebulis SuamdgomlobiT Catare-
bul sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi prokurori am sagamoZiebo
moqmedebas erTjeradad gadadebs gonivruli vadiT, magram
ara umetes xuTi dRisa. am vadis gasvlisTanave gamomZiebeli
atarebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebas damcvelis monawileobis
gareSe. amasTan Tu aris savaldebulo dacvis safuZveli,
sagamoZiebo moqmedeba ar SeiZleba Catardes damcvelis
monawileobis gareSe.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs damoukideblad an damcvelT-
an erTad kanoniT dadgenil farglebSi da wesiT gaecnos
248 249
braldebis mtkicebulebebs. aRniSnuli uflebis real-
izaciis gareSe warmoudgenelia braldebisagan Tavis dacva.
braldebuls unda hqondes sruli warmodgena saqmeSi ar-
sebul mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben mis mimarT
wardgenil braldebas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is ver daicavs
Tavs, ver SearCevs dacvis pozicias da ver daupirispird-
eba braldebas. aRniSnuli uflebis ganxorcielebis garan-
tias warmoadgens braldebulis kidev erTi ufleba – miiRos
mtkicebulebebisa da saqmis masalebis aslebi. kerZod,
braldebuls unda gadaeces braldebulad cnobis dadge-
nilebis asli, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa oqmebis aslebi,
romlebic Catarda braldebulis monawileobiT, eqspertizis
daniSvnis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis asli, sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Ses-
axeb dadgenilebis asli, ganaCenis asli da a.S.
Tu braldebuli Tavs aridebs sagamoZiebo organoSi
gamocxadebas braldebulad cnobis dadgenilebis asli ga-
daecema mis damcvels, rac iTvleba braldebis wayenebad.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos da miiRos mis
mimarT ukanonod Catarebuli saproceso moqmedebis Sedegad
miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos samedicino Semow-
meba uSualod dapatimrebisTanave usafuZvlo gaWianurebis
gareSe, rac imas niSnavs, rom aRniSnuli uflebis real-
izacia dauSvebelia gawelili iyos droSi. Tu braldebulis
mimarT dapatimrebis momentSi gamoyenebuli iyo fizikuri
Zaladoba, cxadia, Zaladobis niSnebi ufro mkafiod gamov-
lindeba dauyovnebliv samedicino Semowmebisas. garkveuli
drois gasvlis Semdeg ki (Tu fizikuri Zaladoba mZime
formiT ar iyo ganxorcielebuli) SesaZlebelia Zaladobis
kvali gaqres an misi niSnebi gauferuldes, amitom aris
aucilebeli samedicino Semowmeba Catardes moTxovnisTanave
droulad, gaWianurebis gareSe da braldebuls mieces Se-
sabamisi werilobiTi daskvna. amasTan braldebuls kanoni
aZlevs uflebas mimarTos alternatiul eqspertizas da
nebismier dros sakuTari xarjiT Caitaros samedicino
Semowmeba mis mier arCeuli eqspertis mier. Tumca aRniS-
nuli uflebis realizacia mainc gamomZieblis keTilsindi-
sierebazea damokidebuli, radgan Tu braldebuli dapatim-
rebulia, man unda mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT gamomZiebels,
raTa mis mier arCeuli eqsperti iyos mowveuli da mas
mieces SesaZlebloba praqtikulad Caataros samedicino
Semowmeba.
umjobesi iyo kanonSi yofiliyo miTiTebuli qmediTi
samarTlebrivi meqanizmi, rac iqneboda aRniSnuli uflebis
ganxorcielebis garantia.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs dapatimrebis Tanave Seatyobi-
nos ojaxis wevrebs an axlo naTesavebs dapatimrebis Ses-
axeb, Seatyobinos misi adgilsamyofeli, Tavisi mdgomareoba.
Setyobineba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes uSualod satelefono
saubris Sedegad, werilis gagzavniT, faqsiT, imeiliT da
kavSirgabmulobis sxva teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT.
braldebuls kanoni aZlevs uflebas ojaxis wevrebis garda
Tavisi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb acnobos kredi-
torebs, sxva fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, romelTa mi-
marTac mas gaaCnia samarTlebrivi valdebulebebi.
Tu braldebulma ar icis an saTanadod ar icis samar-
Talwarmoebis ena, mas ufleba aqvs daicvas Tavisi kanonieri
interesebi, misces Cveneba, ganacxados Suamdgomloba da a.S.
Tavis mSobliur enaze, an im enaze, romelic man ukeTesad
icis. aseT SemTxvevaSi mas saxelmwifos xarjze gamoeyofa
Tarjimani.
250 251
braldebuls ufleba aqvs isargeblos Tarjimnis mom-
saxurebiT im SemTxvevaSic, roca mas gaaCnia fizikuri na-
kli, magaliTad, aris munji an yru, rac aZnelebs an saer-
Tod gamoricxavs masTan komunikacias. saproceso dokumen-
tebis aslebi, rac braldebuls gadaecema unda iyos Targ-
mnili mis mSobliur enaze, an im enaze, romelic man uke-
Tesad icis.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs ganacxados acileba procesis
mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis pirebis_prokuroris,
gamomZieblis, mosamarTlis mimarT, aseve procesis sxva
subieqtebis (magaliTad, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani)
mimarT. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli acilebis safuZvlis
arsebobisas braldebulis mier gancxadebuli acileba unda
dakmayofildes da dasaxelebuli pirebi unda iyvnen
Camocilebuli saqmis warmoebas.
braldebulis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patim-
roba SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli mxolod kanonieri safuZ-
vlis arsebobisas, anu Tu arsebobs misi mimalvis, mis mier
danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis gagrZelebis, mowmeTa mimarT
zemoqmedebis, mtkicebulebaTa ganadgurebis an ganaCenis
aRsrulebisaTvis xelis SeSlis safrTxe. winaaRmdeg SemTx-
vevaSi unda iyos gamoyenebuli ufro msubuqi saxis aRkve-
Tis RonisZieba, rac ar aris dakavSirebuli Tavisuflebis
aRkveTasTan Tu SezRudvasTan.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos misi
braldebis saqmis rogorc gamoZiebaSi, aseve sasamarTlo
ganxilvaSi. mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis prin-
cipis Tanaxmad, braldebuls sasamarTloSi ufleba aqvs
misces Cveneba, ganacxados acileba, waradginos mtkiceb-
ulebebi, monawileoba miiRos mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi,
moiTxovos dacvis mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva imave pi-
robebSi rogorSic braldebis mtkicebulebis gamokvleva
xdeba, aRZras Suamdgomloba, gamoTqvas Tavisi azri sasa-
marTlo sxdomaze wamoWril sakiTxebze, gamovides sasa-
marTlo kamaTSi, (Tu saqmeSi ar monawileobs damcveli),
gamovides saboloo sityviT, icnobdes mxaris Setanil sa-
Civars da mis Sesaxeb gamoTqvas mosazreba, gaecnos sasa-
marTlo sxdomis oqms da gamoTqvas masze SeniSvna.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros gamomZieblisa da
prokuroris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba. kerZod, gamomZie-
blis moqmedeba saCivrdeba prokurorTan, romelic gamoZie-
baze saproceso xelmZRvanelobas axorcielebs, xolo
prokuroris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba ki zemdgom proku-
rorTan, an kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi _ sasamarT-
loSi. braldebuls aseve ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros ganaCeni
da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba saapelacio da sakasa-
cio wesiT da miiRos gasaCivrebeli gadawyvetilebis
asli.
sssk 76-e muxlSi CamoTvlili braldebulis uflebebi
ar aris amomwuravi. kanoniT mas aqvs miniWebuli sxva
uflebebic. ufro srulad es uflebebi gamoikveTeba sssk
im normebis analizisas romlebic aregulireben sisxlis
samarTlis procesis calkeul stadiebsa da institutebs.
magaliTad, braldebuls winaswari gamoZiebis etapze ufle-
ba aqvs uari ganacxados saqmis Sewyvetaze aramareabili-
tirebeli safuZvlebiT; ufleba aqvs moiTxovos braldebis
wardgenis Semdeg dauyovnebliv daikiTxos; ufleba aqvs
sakuTari xeliT daweros Cveneba. braldebuls farTo
uflebebi gaaCnia eqspertizis daniSvnasTan da CatarebasTan
dakavSirebiT. kerZod, braldebuls ufleba aqvs gaecnos
dadgenilebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, moiTxovos
eqspertizis Catareba mis mier dasaxelebul pirTagan,
252 253
eqpertis winaSe dasvas damatebiTi kiTxvebi, gaecnos eqsper-
tis daskvnas da a.S. amasTan braldebulis mier Tavisi
uflebebis gamouyenebloba ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi
braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.
adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis
Sesaxeb 1950 wlis 4 noembris konvenciis me-6 muxli kan-
onSi CamoTvlili braldebulis uflebebis garda adgens
mis sxva uflebebs samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis
farglebSi, rac unda iyos daculi saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTalwarmoebaSi Sida kanonmdeblobasTan saerTaSoriso
samarTlis normebis prioritetis principis gaTval-
iswinebiT. kerZod, aRniSnuli konvenciis Tanaxmad, bral-
debuls aqvs ufleba misi saqme iyos ganxiluli damoukide-
beli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier gonivrul va-
daSi.
saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri ufle-
bebis Sesaxeb (1966w. 16 dekemberi) aseve adgens, rom
yovel adamians ufleba aqvs ,,sruli Tanasworobis safuZ-
velze... iyos gasamarTlebuli gaumarTlebeli dayovnebis
gareSe~ (m. 14, p. 4)
1988 wlis 9dekembers gaeros generaluri asambleis
mier miRebuli saerTaSoriso principebis krebuli yvela
im pirTa dacvisaTvis, romlebic eqvemdebarebian dakavebas…
an dapatimrebas miuTiTebs sasamarTloSi gonivrul vadaSi
saqmis ganxilvis aucileblobaze. procesis xangrZlivi,
gaumarTlebeli gaWianureba marTlmsajulebaze uaris Tqmis
tolfasia.
marTlmsajuleba unda iyos swrafi, qmediTi. dayovneba
ki aris marTlmsajulebaze uaris Tqmis saxe. gonivrul
vadad iTvleba vada logikuri, mizanSewonili. logikuri
da mizanSewonilia drois iseTi Sualedi, romelic mtkice-
bulebaTa gamokvlevas sWirdeba. mTel rig qveynebSi es vada
mkacrad aris SezRuduli kanoniT.
saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebiT (evropuli kon-
vencia) braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos mis winaaRmdeg
Cvenebis mimcemi mowmeebis dakiTxva da es mowmeebi unda
iyvnen dakiTxulni misi TandaswrebiT. es ufleba igive
dapirispirebis moTxovnis uflebaa, rac mWidrod aris
dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebaTa uSualo gamokvlevis prin-
cipTan. nebismier mxares, maT Soris dacvis mxares unda
SeeZlos daados ,,veto~ sasamarTloSi gamoucxadebeli
mowmis an dazaralebulis Cvenebis oqmis gamocxadebas,
romlebic amis Sedegad faqtiurad dauSvebel mtkicebule-
bebad iqcevian. amis Sedegad aucilebeli gaxdeba dasaxele-
buli pirebis mier zepiri Cvenebis micema uSualod sasa-
marTlo sxdomaze jvaredini dakiTxvis pirobebSi.
braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos dacvis mowmeebis
gamoZaxeba iseTive pirobebSi, rogori pirobebic arsebobs
im mowmeebisaTvis, romlebic Cvenebas iZlevian mis winaaRm-
deg.
cxadia, braldebuls uflebebTan erTad gaaCnia mova-
leobebic. kerZod, sssk77-e muxlis Tanaxmad braldebuli
movalea gamocxaddes gamoZaxebisTanave gamomZiebelTan,
prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi, xeli ar SeuSalos WeSmar-
itebis dadgenas mtkicebulebaTa mospobiT, falsifikaciiT,
mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa SegulianebiT, daicvas aRkveTis
RonisZiebiT misTvis dadgenili moTxovnebi, ar SeewinaRm-
degos Semowmebis, eqspertizis, saeqsperto gamokvlevisaT-
vis nimuSebis aRebis, piradi Cxrekis da sxva saproceso
moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb gamotanil kanonier dadge-
nilebaTa Sesrulebas. sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar daarRvios
wesrigi. am movaleobaTa Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi
254 255
braldebulis mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos sapro-
ceso iZulebis Sesabamisi RonisZieba.
ufleba _ movaleobaTa moculoba cxadyofs, rom bral-
debuli warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis procesis aqtiur
monawiles. misi mniSvneloba procesSi amiT ar amoiwureba.
mis mier micemuli Cveneba warmoadgens mtkicebulebis wy-
aros. braldebuli procesis is subieqtia, romlis irgvliv
mimdinareobs samarTalwarmoeba, anu is warmoadgens samar-
Talwarmoebis epicentrs.
$7. damcvelis samarTlebrivi statusi $7. damcvelis samarTlebrivi statusi
da ufleba-movaleobebida ufleba-movaleobebi
damcveli sisxlis samarTlis procesis subieqtia,
romelic axorcielebs sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-
erT ZiriTad mimarTulebas _ dacvis funqcias. igi kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT monawileobs saqmeSi braldebulis ufle-
bebisa da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad da misTvis iu-
ridiuli daxmarebis aRmosaCenad.
kanoniT ganmtkicebulia advokatTa monopolia damcvelis
saxiT miiRon monawileoba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis war-
moebaSi.
advokatTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis
Tanaxmad advokati SeiZleba iyos fizikuri piri, romelsac
aqvs umaRlesi iuriduli ganaTleba, gavlili aqvs advoka-
tTa testireba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, dadebuli aqvs
advokatis fici, aqvs iuristad an advokatis staJiorad
moSaobis aranakleb erTi wlis Sromis staJi.
damcveli saqmeSi daiSveba eWvmitanilis dakavebis an
braldebulad cnobis momentidan. sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi monawileobisaTvis dasaSvebad damcvelma unda war-
adginos advokatTa asociaciis, firmis, biuros orderi da
saadvokato saqmianobis damadasturebeli mowmoba.
dacva es aris sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis sawinaaRm-
dego funqcia. SejibrebiTobis principis realizacia moiTx-
ovs damcvelis monawileobas sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.
braldebisa da dacvis mosazrebebisa da daskvnebis urT-
ierTdapirispireba iZleva SesaZleblobas Tavi avaridoT
sabraldebo gadaxras saqmis warmoebisas da xels uwyobs
saqmis sworad gadawyvetas.
kanoni iTvaliswinebs dacvis Semdeg saxeebs: dacva SeT-
nxmebiT, dacva daniSvniT da iZulebiTi dacva.
dacva SeTanxmebiT gulisxmobs braldebulis an misi
TanxmobiT misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis mier damcvelis
mowvevas. damcvelis SerCevis ufleba braldebulis Seucv-
leli uflebaa. kanonis Tanaxmad gamomZiebels, prokurors
da mosamarTles ufleba ara aqvT rekomendacia gauwion
konkretul damcvels. braldebuli da damcveli TavianT
urTierTobebs awesrigeben SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. SeTanx-
mebis pirobebic, cxadia, ganisazRvreba mxareTa mier. SeT-
anxmebis xelmoweris Semdeg dacva miRebulad iTvleba da
damcvels ufleba ara aqvs uari Tqvas masze arasapatio
mizeziT.
dacva daniSvniT gulisxmobs damcvelis momsaxurebis
uzrunvelyofas saxelmwifos xarjze. braldebuli unda
iyos uzrunvelyofili damcveliT yvela SemTxvevaSi, roca
is ganacxadebs amis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobas. damcvelis
daniSvnaze uaris Tqma ganixileba rogorc saproceso kanonis
arsebiTi darRveva. saxelmwifos xarjze dacva xorcield-
eba or SemTxvevaSi: a) braldebuli gadaxdis uunarobis
motiviT moiTxovs damcvelis daniSvnas; b) arsebobs kanoniT
256 257
gaTvaliswinebuli savaldebulo dacvis SemTxveva da ar
monawileobs damcveli SeTanxmebiT.
gadaxdisuunarobis motiviT TviT braldebuli an misi
SuamdgomlobiT prokurori da mosamarTle mimarTaven iu-
ridiuli daxmarebis Sesabamis samsaxurs saxelmwifos
xarjze damcvelis daniSvnis Sesaxeb moTxovniT. gadaxdis
uunarobis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo amasTan erTad gaiRebs
dacvisaTvis saWiro sxva xarjebsac, Tu es xarjebi pirda-
pir kavSirSia braldebulis mier sakuTari dacvis ganxor-
cielebasTan. magaliTad, xarjebi, romlebic saWiroa samedi-
cino Semowmebisa da eqspertizisaTvis. saxelmwifos xarjze
damcvelis SerCevisa da daniSvnis procedura unda ganisaz-
Rvros saqarTvelos kanoniT ,,iuridiuli daxmarebis Ses-
axeb.~
rac Seexeba savaldebulo dacvas, kanonSi pirdapir aris
CamoTvlili is SemTxvevebi, roca miuxedavad braldebulis
survilisa damcveli aucileblad unda monawileobdes
saqmeSi. kerZod, sssk 81-e muxlis Tanaxmad, savaldebuloa
braldebuls, an pirs, romelsac eniSneba samedicino xasi-
aTis iZulebiTi RonisZieba hyavdes damcveli: Tu igi aras-
rulwlovania; ar icis procesis ena; aqvs fizikuri an
fsiqikuri nakli, rac xels uSlis mis mier dacvis ganx-
orcilebas; ganixileba sakiTxi piris mimarT stacionaruli
sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb
Cadenili qmedebisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaT-
valiswinebulia pasuxismgebloba uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis saxiT; masTan mimdinareobs molaparakeba sapro-
ceso SeTanxmebis dadebis Taobaze; braldebuli Tavs aridebs
sagamoZiebo organoSi gamocxadebas (am SemTxvevaSi mas an
mis axlo naTesavs eZleva SesaZlebloba 48 saaTSi daniSnos
damcveli. Tu igi am vadSi ar daniSnavs damcvels, pirs
damcveli daeniSneba savaldebulo wesiT); Tu procesis
monawilis mimarT gamoyenebulia dacvis specialuri
RonisZieba (garda fizikuri dacvis specialuri RonisZie-
bisa) Tu eWvmitanilTa, braldebulTa an gansasjelTa in-
teresebs Soris aris winaaRmdegoba da Tundac erT maTgans
yavs damcveli; dazaralebulis an samoqalaqo mosarCelis
interesebs icavs misi warmomadgeneli.
kanoni adgens ra damcvelis savaldebulo monawileobis
SemTxvevebs uzrunvelyofs dacvis uflebas damatebiTi
garantiebiT im pirebisaTvis, romlebsac yvelaze metad es
sWirdebaT. garda amisa, damcvelis savaldebulo monawileo-
ba gaTvaliswinebulia sasamarTlo sxdomaze braldebisa da
dacvis gawonasworebis mizniT. Tu kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi saqmeze warmoeba ganxorcielda damcvelis
monawileobis gareSe – es faqti ganixileba rogorc sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kanonis arsebiTi darRveva.
eWvmitanils da braldebuls eZlevaT dro damcvelis
mosawvevad. kerZod eWvmitanils SeuZlia dakavebidan 6
saaTis vadaSi moiwvios damcveli. Tu igi am vadaSi ver
gamocxaddeba gamomZiebeli valdebulia SesTavazos eWvmi-
tanils damcvelis daniSvna. eWvmitanils an braldebuls
ufleba aqvT uari ganacxadon damcvelis daniSvnaze da maT
mier arCeuli damcvelis gamocxadebamde dacva damoukide-
blad ganaxorcielon. xolo Tu savaldebulo dacvis
SemTxvevaa gamomZiebeli valdebulia 6 saaTiani vadis gas-
vlis Semdeg dauniSnos maT damcveli. gamomZieblis, proku-
roris, sasamarTlos moTxovna damcvelis daniSvniT
gamoyofis Sesaxeb savaldebuloa advokatTa gaerTianebi-
saTvis. kanonis Tanaxmad damcveli valdebulia gamocxaddes
eWvmitanilis, braldebulis pirvel dakiTxvaze. arasapatio
mizeziT damcvelis gamoucxadeblbis SemTxvevaSi materi-
258 259
aluri pasuxismgebloba daekisreba konkretul advokats an
advokatTa gaerTianebas.
damcvelTa raodenoba kanoniT SezRuduli ar aris. (adre
moqmed kodeqsSi iyo aseTi SezRudva _ braldebuls SeiZle-
boda yoloda araumetes sami damcvelisa).
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulia damcvelis Secvla samar-
Talwarmoebis nebismier etapze, Tu Secvla miznad ar
isaxavs saqmis warmoebis gaWianurebas.
rac Seexeba damcvelis gamoucxadeblobas, Tu igi sapa-
tio mizeziT monawileobas ver iRebs daniSnul sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebaSi, procesis mwarmoebeli organo valdebulia
sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba gadados gonivruli vadiT,
magram ara umetes 5 dRisa. am vadis gasvlisTanave gamomZie-
beli, prokurori atarebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebas damcvelis
monawileobis gareSe Tu ar arsebobs kanoniT dadgenili
savaldebulo dacvis safuZveli. Tu gadaudebeli saga-
moZiebo moqmedeba tardeba damcvelis gamoucxadebloba ar
iwvevs misi Catarebis gadadebas.
kanoniT dauSvebelia sasamarTlo ganxilvis gadadeba
damcvelis mier dacvis movaleobis ganxorcielebis xangr-
Zlivi vadiT SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, Tu es iwvevs sasa-
marTlo ganxilvis aragonivrul gaWianurebasa da misTvis
xelis SeSlas. aseve damcvelis Secvlis motiviT sasa-
marTlo ganxilvis gadadeba dauSvebelia Tu igi miznad
isaxavs sasamarTlo ganxilvis gaWianurebasa da misTvis
xelis SeSlas.1
braldebuls ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas damcvelis dax-
1 migvaCnia, rom kanonis es moTxovna ar aris marTebuli, radgan Tu bralde-
buli erTjeradad Suamdgomlobs damcvelis Secvlis da Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo
ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb, ar SeiZleba sasamarTlo ganxilvis gaWianurebis da
misTvis xelis SeSlis motiviT uari eTqvas mas sasamarTlo ganxilvis gadadeba-
ze. gaWianurebad unda CaiTvalos msgavsi Suamdgomlobis araerTgzis dayeneba.
marebaze. amasTan unda ganvasxvavoT uari konkretuli dam-
cvelis daxmarebaze da uari saerTod damcvelis daxmare-
baze. pirvel SemTxvevaSi uari konkretuli damcvelis
daxmarebaze gamoiwvevs damcvelis Secvlas, saerTod uari
damcvelze ki iwvevs dacvis uflebis damoukideblad, TviT
braldebulis mier ganxorcilebas.
uari damcvelis daxmarebaze daiSveba mxolod bralde-
bulis iniciativiT rogorc zepiri, aseve werilobiTi
formiT. uari fiqsirdeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masa-
lebSi. kerZod, saTanado sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmSi an
calke gancxadebaSi.
roca sasamarTloSi keTdeba aseTi gancxadeba, sasamarT-
lom unda moisminos sasamarTlo ganxilvis sxva monawile-
Ta mosazreba. saproceso kanonis darRvevad iTvleba, Tuki
am sakiTxis ganxilva ar moxdeba sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
damcvelze uari nebayoflobiT unda iyos. kanonis dar-
Rvevad iTvleba zewoliT, iZulebiT gancxadebuli uari
damcvelze. amasTan braldebuli movalea ganmartos dam-
cvelze uaris Tqmis mizezebi.
damcvelze uaris Tqmis motivi SeiZleba iyos zogadad
dacvis institutisadmi undobloba, survili TviTon da-
icvas sakuTari Tavi, damcvelis momsaxurebisTvis saWiro
Tanxis ar qona da a.S. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi bralde-
buls procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis pirebma
unda ganumarton mas saxelmwifos xarjze damcvelis daniSv-
nis ufleba.
kanoni calke iTvaliswinebs damcvelis acilebis sakiTxs.
kerZod, sssk 107-e muxlis Tanaxmad damcveli monawileobas
ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Tu igi imave
saqmeSi monawileobda rogorc mosamarTle, prokurori,
gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani, mowme, eqsperti
260 261
an Tarjimani; an Tu igi iuridiul daxmarebas uwevs an
uwevda im pirs, romlis interesebsac ewinaaRmdegeba mis
mier dasacavi braldebulis interesebi. mas naTesauri kav-
Siri aqvs mosamarTlesTan, prokurorTan, gamomZiebelTan,
an sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivanTan; mas ukavia mosamarTlis,
prokuroris an gamomZieblis Tanamdeboba, garda im SemTx-
vevisa roca igi Sromisuunaro piris kanoneri warmomad-
genelia, anda roca dawesebuleba, romelSic igi muSaobs
cnobilia samoqalaqo mosarCeled an samoqalaqo mopasuxed
da is am dawesebulebis warmomadgenlad gamodis; dasacavi
piri uars ambobs dacvaze da uari miRebulia.
damcvelis mizani sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mdgo-
mareobs SemdegSi: 1) gamoavlinos braldebulis gamamarTle-
beli an misi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoe-
bebi: 2) aRmouCinos mas aucilebeli iuridiuli daxmareba
da miaRwios misTvis ufro sasurveli saproceso gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebas mocemul saqmeze. am miznis realizaci-
isaTvis damcvelis amocanas wrmoadgens: Tavis dasacavTan
erTad dacvis poziciis an dacvis gegmis SemuSaveba, dacvis
saSualebebisa da xerxebis gansazRvra. amasTan kanonis Ta-
naxmad im garmoebaTa gamosavlenad, romlebic amarTleben
braldebuls anda amsubuqeben mis pasuxismgeblobas dam-
cvelma unda gamoiyenos dacvis yvela kanonieri saSualeba
da xerxi.
marTalia, damcveli procesis damoukidebeli subieqtia,
magram igi dakavSirebulia braldebulTan, warmoadgens mis
saproceso interesebs, amitom mis saproceso damoukide-
blobas aqvs gansazRvruli sazRvrebi: damcveli Tavisufalia
kanonis farglebSi _ dacvis ganxorcielebis formebisa da
meTodebis SerCevaSi, samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis Sefasebasa
da gadawyvetaSi. damcvels ufleba ara aqvs imoqmedos bral-
debulis miTiTebebisa da interesebis sawinaaRmdegod. misi
pozicia SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes dasacavis poziciisagan,
Tu mis mier SerCeuli dacvis mimarTuleba braldebulis
mdgomareobas gaaumjobesebs. magram damcvels ufleba ar
aqvs mciredi xarisxiTac ki gaauaresos dasacavis mdgo-
mareoba. sxvagvarad dacvis ufleba dakargavda azrs.
damcvelis saqmianoba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aris
calmxrivi. mas ar evaleba saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi,
srulyofili, obieqturi gamokvleva. misi movaleobaa bral-
debulis kanonieri interesebis dacva. damcveli sisxlis
samarTlis procesSi asrulebs sisxlis samarTlebrivi
devnis sawinaaRmdego funqcias. misi saqmianobis ZiriTadi
mimarTuleba braldebis uaryofaa. braldebulis mier bra-
lis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi damcvels ufleba ara aqvs
gamovides sawinaaRmdeo poziciidan. sxvagvarad braldebuli
darCeba dacvis gareSe.
damcveli umravles SemTxvevaSi moqmedebs ara bralde-
bulis magivrad, aramed masTan erTad. is damoukideblad
arCevs saproceso saSualebebs da dacvis ganxorcielebis
taqtikas. amasTan braldebulis nebazea damokidebuli ara
mxolod damcvelis SerCeva da misi monawileoba, aramed am
ukanasknelis mier SerCeuli dacvis saSualebebis realiza-
ciac.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi damcvelis saqmianobis
Tavisebureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mas SeuZlia dasacav-
isgan miiRos iseTi informacia, romelsac is arcerT SemTx-
vevaSi aravis ar etyoda. damcveli movalea Seinaxos saad-
vokato saidumloeba. braldebulis urTierToba mis dam-
cvelTan konfidencialuri da Tavisufalia. konfidencial-
uria aseve piris braldebulad cnobamde misi urTierToba
SesaZlo damcvelTan. amasTan konfidencialurobaze ar vr-
262 263
celdeba xandazmuloba.
xelZmRvanelobs ra kanoniT da profesiuli eTikis
normebiT, damcveli yovelTvis movalea imoqmedos dasa-
cavis interesebSi, romelic misTvis unda iyos yvela in-
teresebze maRla. ,,ar avno~ – es aris damcvelis saqmiano-
bis ZiriTadi eTikuri sawyisi.
damcvelis samarTlebriv poziciasTan dakavSirebiT
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi ar SeiZleba gamomZiebelma,
prokurorma an sasamarTlom Sesabamisad gamoitanon
wardgineba an ganCineba.
gaeros me-8 konferenciaze 1990 wlis agvistoSi miRe-
bul ,,advokatTa rolis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi debulebebis~ me-6
paragrafSi aRniSnulia, rom advokati ar SeiZleba identi-
ficirebuli iyos mis klientTan da mis saqmesTan.
kanonSi (sssk 84-e muxli) konkretulad aris CamoTv-
lili damcvelis ufleba – movaleobani.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze daSvebis momentidan damcv-
els ufleba aqvs braldebuls Sexvdes pirispir marto da
raime meTvalyureobis gareSe, agreTve Tavisuflebis Sez-
Rudvis an Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilis administracii-
sa da gamoZiebis organos mxriv Sexvedris raodenobisa da
xangrZlivobis SeuzRudavad, garda sssk 73-e, muxlis I
nawilis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevisa.
damcvels ufleba aqvs daeswos braldebis wayenebas.
daswreba ar gulisxmobs pasiur mdgomareobaSi yofnas.
damcvels ufleba aqvs gaecnos braldebulad cnobis Ses-
axeb dadgenilebas, gadaiRos misi asli, ganumartos dasacavs
braldebis arsi, masTan erTad ganixilos samarTlebrivi
pozicia, romelic unda daikavos braldebulma wardgenili
braldebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
damcvels ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos braldebulis
yvela dakiTxvaSi. sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebebSi damcveli
monawileobs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca is an misi dasa-
cavi ganacxadeben Suamdgomlobas amis Sesaxeb. damcvels,
romelic monawileobs sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi ufleba aqvs
Tavis dasacavs gamomZieblis TandaswrebiT misces mcire
konsultacia, gamomZieblis nebarTviT dausvas SekiTxvebi
dasakiTx pirs, gaakeTos werilobiTi SeniSvnebi sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebis oqmSi Canaweris sisworesa da sisruleze.
gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs ganaridos damcvelis SekiTxvebi,
magram movalea ganridebuli (moxsnili) SekiTxvebi Seita-
nos oqmSi.
garda amisa, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi monawileobisas
damcvels ufleba aqvs: daTvalierebis, Cxrekis da amoRe-
bis Catarebisas moiTxovos yvela aRmoCenili da amoRebuli
sagnis, dokumentis, nivTis wardgena; gaecnos eqspertizis
daniSvnis Sesaxeb dadgenilebas da iSuamdgomlos masSi
damatebiTi SekiTxvebis Setana, ganacxados acileba eqsper-
tis mimarT an iSuamdgomlos eqspertizis Catareba sxva
saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi da a.S.
damcvels ufleba aqvs gaecnos dakavebis oqms, bralde-
bulad cnobis dadgenilebas, dadgenilebas aRkveTis
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa
oqmebs, romlebic Catarda eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis
monawileobiT, yvela im dokuments, romelic braldebuls
warudgines an unda warudginon. winaswari gamoZiebis
damTavrebis Semdeg ufleba aqvs sakuTari xarjiT gadaiRos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mTeli masalis asli, sasamarT-
loSi ki gaecnos saqmis masalebs srulad. amasTan, damcve-
lis mier winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis Semdeg saqmis
masalebis srulad gacnobis da winaswari gamoZiebis Sevse-
bis mizniT Suamdgomlobis aRZvris akrZalva dacvis ufleb-
264 265
is SezRudvas warmoadgens.
damcvels ufleba aqvs moipovos da waradginos mtkice-
bulebebi. mtkicebulebaTa mopoveba ZiriTadad xorcield-
eba, im sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Sedegad, romlebic misi
Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze iqna Catarebuli. sssk 129-e
muxlis Tanaxmad, damcvels ufleba aqvs Seagrovos bral-
debulis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvisaTvis
saWiro cnobebi; gamoiTxovos cnoba, daxasiaTeba da sxva
dokumenti saxelmwifo an kerZo dawesebulebidan, moiZios
piri, da misgan miiRos ganmarteba, SemdegSi ki moiTxovos
misi dakiTxva dacvis mowmis saxiT, mimarTos specialists
specialur sakiTxebze konsultaciis gasawevad raTa man
gamoTqvas Tavisi azri saqmis gamo wamoWrili specialuri
sakiTxis gansamartavad, Catarebuli eqspertizis Sesafase-
blad da Suamdgomlobis dasasabuTeblad, moiwvios eqsper-
ti werilobiTi daskvnis Sesadgenad; isargeblos kerZo
deteqtivis momsaxurebiT mtkicebulebis mniSvnelobis mqone
cnobebis misaRebad. literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba,
rom damcvelis mier mopovebuli masalebi, Sekrebili
cnobebi, maSinaTve unda warmoadgendnen mtkicebulebebs,
iseve rogorc is cnobebi, romlebic mopovebulia mowi-
naaRmdege mxaris _ gamomZieblis, prokuroris mier. kanonis
Tanaxmad ki damcvelis mier Sekrebili faqtobrivi monace-
mebi unda daerTos saqmes da amis Semdeg iTvleba mtkice-
bulebad. cxadia, adgili aqvs mxareTa Tanasworobis prin-
cipis darRvevis erTgvar gamovlinebas.
damcvels ufleba aqvs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ganacx-
ados acileba saTanado safuZvlebis arsebobisas. ufleba
aqvs aRZras Suamdgomloba. amasTan erTad, unda iTqvas, rom
kanonis darRvevas ar warmoadgens, roca damcveli gadadebs
Suamdgomlobis aRZvras saqmis warmoebis Semdgomi etapisaT-
vis dacvis taqtikuri mosazrebidan gamomdinare. mas amis
sruli ufleba aqvs. Suamdgomloba SeiZleba exebodes mt-
kicebulebaTa gamoTxovas, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebas,
sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis da winaswari gamoZiebis
Sewyvetas da a.S. cxadia, damcvelis Suamdgomloba unda
iyos dasabuTebuli, argumentirebuli, utyuar mtkicebule-
bebze damyarebuli. saeWvo da bundovani mosazrebebi, aral-
ogikuri, iuridiulad dausabuTebeli daskvnebi, cxadia,
gamoiwvevs Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze uaris miRe-
bas.
damcvels ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros gamomZieblisa da
prokuroris ukanono moqmedeba da maT mier miRebuli
ukanono gadawyvetileba.
sasamarTloSi damcveli sargeblobs mxaris uflebiT.
mas ufleba aqvs gaecnos saqmis masalebs, monawileoba mi-
iRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi,
gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexeduleba yvela im sakiTxze, rac wam-
oiWreba sasamarTlo sxdomis msvlelobisas.
damcvelma Sefaseba unda misces saqmeSi arebul mtkice-
bulebebs, gaakeTos gancxadebebi mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxebo-
bis, dasaSvebobis, sarwmunoobis da sakmarisobis Taobaze.
gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba braldebis Sesaxeb da miuTiTos
faqtebze, romlebic amtkiceben gansasjelis arabraleu-
lobas, aqarwyleben wardgenil braldebas. damcveli unda
gamodiodes udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principidan da
yvelaferi unda gaakeTos sisxlis samrTlis procesSi misi
relizaciisaTvis.
damcvels ufleba aqvs gamovides sasamarTlo kamaTSi
da warmoTqvas dacviTi sityva. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-
nia damcvelis mtkicebulebaTa iuridiuli analiziTa da
sinTeziT gajerebuli, mWevrmetyvelebiTa da logikuri
266 267
wyobiT gamorCeuli, dasabuTebuli da argumentirebuli
gamosvla. mas ufleba aqvs aseve Seitanos saapelacio da
sakasacio saCivari msjavrdebulis TanxmobiT, garda im
SemTxvevisa, roca msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovania, an aqvs
fizikuri an fsiqikuri nakli.
damcvels ufleba ara aqvs gaaxmauros winaswari gamoZie-
bis monacemebi, risTvisac mas werilobiT CamoerTmeva xe-
lwerili. damcveli ar SeiZleba daikiTxos mowmis saxiT
im garemoebebze, rac misTvis cnobili gaxda dacvis fun-
qciis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT.
uflebebTan erTad kanoniT damcvels dakisrebuli aqvs
garkveuli movaleobebi. damcveli movalea gamoiyenos dacvis
yvela kanonieri saSualeba da xerxi im garemoebebis gamosav-
lenad, romlebic amarTleben braldebuls an amsubuqeben
mis pasuxismgeblobas; damcvels ufleba ara aqvs uari Tq-
vas ukve miRebul dacvaze, ekavos dasacavis sawinaaRmdego
pozicia (garda TviTgaTqmis SemTxvevisa), dasacavis Tanx-
mobis gareSe gaaxmauros cnobebi, rac misTvis cnobili
gaxda iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT, mov-
alea daicvas saadvokato saidumloeba. damcveli movalea
Tavisi moqmedebiT ar gaauaresos braldebulis mdgomareo-
ba; movalea droulad gamocxaddes sagamoZiebo da sxva
saproceso moqmedebaSi monawileobis misaRebad, daemorCi-
los gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis kanonier
gankargulebas, daicvas wesrigi sasamarTlo sxdomis dar-
bazSi. damcveli movalea ar gamoiyenos dacvis ukanono da
zneobrivad gaumarTlebeli meTodebi da xerxebi, radgan
profesiuli dacva gulisxmobs procesualurad dasaSvebi
da zneobrivad gamarTlebuli saSualebebis gamoyenebas.
$8. samoqalaqo mosarCele da misi $8. samoqalaqo mosarCele da misi
warmomadgeneliwarmomadgeneli
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-
blobis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas
SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgena.
samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenisaTvis aucilebelia
garkveuli winapirobebis arseboba. kerZod, unda hqondes
adgili danaSaulis faqts; piris mimarT miyenebuli ziani
unda warmoadgendes Cadenili danaSaulis uSualo Sedegs.
samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis ufleba aqvs fizikur
da iuridiul pirs, aseve prokurors.
fizikur pirs warmoadgens dazaralebuli, romelsac
danaSaulis an im piris marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sed-
egad, romlis mimarTac warmoebs saqme samedicino xasiaTis
iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamosayeneblad, uSualod miadga
ziani, xolo Tu igi gardaicvala samoqalaqo sarCelis
wardgenis ufleba gadadis gardacvlilis memkvidreebze.
fizikur pirs SeiZleba miadges qonebrivi, fizikuri
da moraluri ziani. qonebrivi zianis anazRaureba moxde-
ba sruli moculobiT, kerZod, anazRaurebas eqvemdebareba
rogorc pirdapiri uSualo ziani, aseve anacdeni sargebeli
saSualo-sabazro fasebiT indeqsaciis gaTvaliswinebiT,
fizikuri zianis anazRaureba moicavs mkurnalobis, pro-
Tezirebis, medikamentebis SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebis
anazRaurebas, gadaxdili sadazRvevo Tanxebis, daxmarebis
da pensiis kompensaciis anazRaurebas, dakrZalvaze gad-
axdili Tanxebis anazRaurebas. saqarTvelos sssk 30-e
muxlis me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad, moraluri ziani moicavs
dasaxiCrebis, damaxinjebis, biologiuri da fsiqologiuri
funqciebis moSlisa da daqveiTebisaTvis, agreTve sxva
268 269
saxis zianis gamo miyenebul gancdebs, moralur travmas,
rac anazRaurebas eqvemdebareba rogorc fuladi, aseve
sxva saxis qonebrivi gamoxatulebiT (magaliTad, sacx-
ovrebeli binis, agarakis, avtomanqanis sakuTrebaSi gad-
acema da a.S.).
danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli moraluri zianisaTvis
fuladi kompensaciis odenoba ganisazRvreba sasamarTlos
mier zianis simZimisa da braldebulis qonebrivi mdgo-
mareobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
kanonis Tanaxmad, fizikurma pirma samoqalaqo sarCeli
SeiZleba ganacxados rogorc werilobiT, aseve zepiri
formiTac, rac werilobiT unda iyos dafiqsirebuli, ker-
Zod, saTanado oqmSi unda moxdes misi Setana.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis
ufleba aqvs iuridiul pirsac, xolo misi reorganizaci-
is an likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi iuridiuli piris an orga-
nizaciis uflebamonacvles. iuridiul pirs ufleba aqvs
moiTxovos mxolod qonebrivi da moraluri zianis anaz-
Raureba. fizikuri pirisagan gansxvavebiT iuridiuli piri
valdebulia samoqalaqo sarCeli werilobiT waradginos.
rac Seexeba prokurors, igi valdebulia waradginos
samoqalaqo sarCeli im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac danaSaulis an
piris marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sedegad, romlis mi-
marTac warmoebs sisxlis samarTlis saqme, ziani miadga
saxelmwifos. amasTan erTad, kanoni prokurors aniWebs
diskreciul uflebamosilebas waradginos samoqalaqo sar-
Celi dazaralebulis TxovniT, Tu dazaralebuli moklebu-
lia SesaZleblobas hyavdes advokat-warmomadgeneli da
daicvas Tavisi interesebi braldebulze damokidebulebis,
avadmyofobis, arasrulwlovanebis Tu sxva mizezebiT
(magaliTad, SezRuduli qmeduunarobis, umweo mdgomareobis
da sxv. gamo).
prokurori valdebulia mxari dauWiros samoqalaqo
sarCels sasamarTloSi Tu man waradgina aRniSnuli sarCeli,
magram Tu sarCeli wardgenilia sxva uflebamosili sub-
ieqtis mier, prokurors ufleba aqvs mxari dauWiros
samoqalaqo sarCels an gamoTqvas misi sawinaaRmdego mosaz-
reba.
amasTan erTad, prokurorma SeiZleba sarCeli waradgi-
nos ara mxolod samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT,
aramed administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis wesiTac Tana-
mdebobis piris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli sarCelis wardgena,
cxadia, dakavSirebulia sisxlis samarTlis procesTan.
saqarTvelos sssk 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sarCelis
aRZvris safuZvels warmoadgens prokuroris safuZvliani
eWvi, rom braldebuli Tanamdebobis piris mflobelobaSi
arsebuli qoneba SesaZlebelia iyos mopovebuli samoxeleo
an samewarmeo an sxva organizaciaSi samsaxuris interese-
bis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis, ukanono Semosavlis
legalizaciis, gamoZalvis, miTvisebisa an gaflangvis, gad-
asaxadisagan Tavis aridebis an sabaJo wesebis darRvevis
Sedegad. kanoni amomwuravad CamoTvlis im danaSaulebs,
romelTa Cadenis SemTxvevaSi prokurori aris uflebam-
osili braldebuli Tanamdebobis piris qonebis CamorTme-
vasa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT
Seitanos sarCeli. braldebuli Tanamdebobis piri ki Sei-
Zleba iyos `sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseblo-
bisa da korufciis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 mux-
liT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanamdebobis piri, sajaro moxele,
sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris xelmZRvaneli an misi
moadgile an sawarmoSi, romelSic saxelmwifo flobs wils
270 271
(aqciaTa) 50%-s an 50%-ze mets, xelmZRvanelobiTi anda
warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebis mqone piri. aRsaniS-
navia, rom prokuroris sarCeli SeiZleba exebodes rogorc
braldebuli Tanamdebobis piris mflobelobaSi arsebuli
ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebis, agreTve, am qonebidan
miRebuli Semosavlebis, aqciebis (wilis) CamorTmevasa da
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis sakiTxebs. amasTan mniSvneloba
ara aqvs braldebuli Tanamdebobis piri ganTavisuflebulia
Tanamdebobidan Tu kvlav ganagrZobs saqmianobas. aseTi sar-
Celis arsebobisas sasamarTlo uflebamosilia saqme ganix-
ilos da Sesabamisad gadawyvetileba gamoitanos sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisagan damoukide-
blad.
unda aRiniSnos, rom samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenasTan
dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsi Seicavs erTgvarad winaaRmdegobriv debulebas,
kerZod, sssk 33-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu
pirs miaCnia, rom ziani miadga im piris danaSaulis an sxva
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sedegad, romlis mimarTac
warmoebs saqme samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis
gamosayeneblad, mas ufleba aqvs waradginos samoqalaqo
sarCeli sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze
sabraldebo daskvnis an samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze dadgenilebis Sedgenamde.
aRniSnuli norma moiTxovs dazustebas. migvaCnia, rom
sicxadisaTvis amoRebuli unda iyos sityvebi _ `sisxlis
samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze~, radgan sabral-
debo daskvnis an samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZie-
bis gamoyenebis Taobaze dadgenilebis Sedgena warmoebs
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze da Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo
sarCelic unda iyos wardgenili mxolod am stadiaze.
analogiur uzustobas Seicavs sssk 32-e muxlic, romel-
ic awesrigebs procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis
pirTa mier samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis uflebis gan-
martebis sakiTxs. Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebi-
dan irkveva, rom pirs aqvs samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis
ufleba gamomZiebels, prokurors da mosamarTles kanoni
avaldebulebs werilobiT Seatyobinon da ganumarton mas
am uflebis Taobaze. Tumca, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sasa-
marTlo ver Seatyobinebs da ver ganumartavs am uflebas
uflebamosil pirs im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom sasamarT-
los ara aqvs ufleba miiRos samoqalaqo sarCeli, Tu igi
winaswar gamoZiebaSi ar iyo wardgenili1.
kanonis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis xe-
lisSemSlel garemoebas ar warmoadgens braldebulis
daudgenloba. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis SeCerebis SemTx-
vevaSi, Tu braldebuli miimala, misi adgilsamyofeli
ucnobia an pasuxisgebaSi misacemi piri daudgenelia, sar-
Celi zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba waredginos
saxelmwifos, oRond ara sisxlis samarTlis procesSi,
aramed mxolod samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT.
saproceso kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo sar-
Celze gadawyvetileba mxolod erTxel SeiZleba iyos
miRebuli an sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, an samoqalaqo
samarTalwarmoebis wesiT. kerZod, Tu pirs sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis ganxilvisas ar warudgenia samoqalaqo sarCeli,
an waradgina, magram igi ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli,
mas ufleba aqvs waradginos igi samoqalaqo samarTalwar-
moebis wesiT. Tavis mxriv, Tu samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoe-
bis wesiT wardgenil sarCelze mosarCelem uari miiRo, es
1 msgavs uzustobas Seicavs sssk 35-36-e muxlebic.
272 273
garemoeba mas arTmevs uflebas ganmeorebiT waradginos
igive sarCeli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.
aRsaniSnavia, rom samoqalaqo sarCeli sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmeze saxelmwifo baJiT ar ibegreba.
samoqalaqo mosarCeled piris cnoba xdeba procesis
mwarmoebeli organos mier dadgenilebis gamotaniT. dadge-
nilebis asli gadaecema mosarCeles da mas ganemarteba
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli misi ufleba-movaleobebi.
Tu piri cnobilia dazaralebulad da Semdeg waradgens
igi samoqalaqo sarCels gamomZiebels, prokurors gamoaqvT
dadgenileba dazaralebulis samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis
Sesaxeb, xolo Tu igi dazaralebulad ar aris cnobili,
maSin SesaZlebelia erTi dadgenileba iyos gamotanili
piris dazaralebulad da samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis
Sesaxeb an cal-calke iyos gamotanili dadgenilebebi Se-
sabamisad dazaralebulad da samoqalaqo mosarCeled cno-
bis Sesaxeb.
samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenisaTvis dadgenili sapro-
ceso wesis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, gamomZiebels, prokurors
gamoaqvT dadgenileba piris samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnoba-
ze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi pirs unda gane-
martos aRniSnuli dadgenilebis gasaCivrebis wesi.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas warmodgenili
samoqalaqo sarCelis safuZvlis mtkiceba da fasis gansaz-
Rvra warmoebs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblo-
biT dadgenili wesiT. Tumca samoqalaqo saproceso kanon-
mdeblobis Sesabamisi normebic gamoiyeneba, Tu ar aris
mowesrigebuli sisxlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT samo-
qalaqo sarCelTan dakavSirebuli saproceso urTierTobebi
da es normebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis saproceso samar-
Tlis principeebs.
rac Seexeba sarCelis cnobas, morigebas, sarCelze uars
_ es sakiTxebi regulirdeba samoqalaqo saproceso kanon-
mdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, magram am SemTxvevaSic unda
iyos daculi moTxovnebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze mt-
kicebis sagnis yvela elementis dadgenis Sesaxeb. samoqalaqo
sarCelis ganxilvisas SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iyos ara
mxolod samoqalaqo, aramed Sromis da sxva kanonmdebloban,
kerZod, roca sakiTxi exeba zianis anazRaurebis safuZvels,
pirobas, moculobasa da wess.
samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis momentidan piri xdeba
sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawile. am momentidan igi
iZens saproceso statuss da kanoniT dadgenil farTo
uflebebs sarCelis mxardasaWerad. procesis mwarmoebeli
organo da Tanamdebobis pirebi movaleni arian ara mxolod
ganumarton samoqalaqo mosarCeles Tavisi uflebebi, aramed
uzrunvelyon igi maTi realizaciis SesaZleblobiT proce-
sis yvela stadiaze. sssk 86-e muxlis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo
mosarCeles ufleba aqvs moiTxovos Tavisi uflebebis gan-
marteba, icodes braldebis arsi, iyolios warmomadgeneli,
waradginos mtkicebulebebi, ganacxados acileba da Suam-
dgomloba, moiTxovos sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad zomebis
miReba, monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-
baSi, romelic exeba sarCelis safuZvelsa da Tanxas,
moiTxovos oqmSi Seitanon sarCelis damadasturebeli mo-
nacemebi, gaasaCivros gamomZieblis, prokuroris moqmede-
bebi da aqtebi, ar gadaixados saxelmwifo baJi, moiTxovos
procesis mwarmoebel organoSi gamoZaxebis Sedegad gaweu-
li xarjebis anazRaureba, gaecnos saqmis masalebs, gadaiRos
aslebi da saqmidan amoiweros cnobebi samoqalaqo sarCelis
nawilSi rogorc sabraldebo daskvniT saqmis sasamarT-
loSi gagzavnis Semdeg, aseve sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis
274 275
anda gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas, misces ganmarteba wardgenili
sarCelis gamo, iyos dakiTxuli mowmis saxiT, isargeblos
mxaris yvela uflebiT sasamarTloSi, gamovides sasamarT-
lo kamaTSi, gaasaCivros ganaCeni da sxva Semajamebeli
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba im nawilSi, romelic exeba
sarCelis safuZvelsa da Tanxas, daicvas Tavisi interesebi
saapelacio da sakasacio instanciebis sasamarTloebSi,
gaecnos sasamarTlos sxdomis oqms da gamoTqvas masze
SeniSvnebi, gamoTqvas sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi procesis
sxva monawileTa saCivrebze, uari Tqvas sarCelze, dados
morigeba samoqalaqo mopasuxesTan.
unda aRiniSnos, rom samoqalaqo sarCelze uaris Tqma
dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze. sarCelze uaris
Tqma iwvevs samoqalaqo sarCelis gamo warmoebis Sewyvetas.
aseT SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo mosarCeles erTmeva SesaZle-
bloba ganmeorebiT warudginos sarCeli imave pirs da imave
safuZvliT Seitanos igi rogorc sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo
samarTalwarmoebis wesiT.
samoqalaqo sarCelze uaris Tqmis samarTlebriv Sede-
gebze gamomZiebelma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem (sasamarT-
lom) unda miscen ganmarteba samoqalaqo mosarCeles,
Seadginon oqmi an saTanado aRniSvna Seitanon Sesabamis
sagamoZiebo oqmSi. samoqalaqo sarCelze uaris miRebis
Sesaxeb procesis mwarmoebel organos gamoaqvs ganCineba
(dadgenileba).
samoqalaqo sarCeli sasamarTlom SeiZleba daakmayofi-
los mTlianad an nawilobriv an saerTod uaryos. samo-
qalaqo sarCelis bedi wydeba ganaCeniT an saqmeze miRebuli
sxva Semajamebeli gadawyvetilebiT, kerZod, samedicino
xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamoyenebis an mis gamoyen-
ebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT), sisx-
lis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT
(dadgenilebiT) sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis xandazmu-
lobis vadis gasvlis gamo, amnistiis aqtis gamocemis gamo,
viTarebis Secvlis Sedegad qmedebis saSiSroebis ararse-
bobis gamo, saqarTvelos prezidentis mier msjavrdebulis
Sewyalebis gamo, braldebulis gardacvalebis gamo.
sssk 41-e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo
valdebulia uaryos sarCeli sssk 28-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis `a~, `b~, `g~, `d~, `i~, `k~ da `m~ qvepunqtebSi da
me-2 nawilis `a~, `m~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvliT
sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis unda winaswari gamoZiiebis
Sewyvetisas (kerZod, ssk-iT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis
ararsebobis gamo; qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis ararsebo-
bis gamo; axali kanoniT qmedebis danaSaulebriobis gauqme-
bis gamo; im kanonis arakonstituciurad cnobis gamo,
romelsac emyareba braldeba; imave braldebis gamo kanoni-
er ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis arsebobis gamo; imave bral-
debiT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Taobaze
sasamarTlos ganCinebis arsebobis gamo; sisxlis samarT-
lebrivi devnisa da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos, prokuroris dadgenilebis (ganCinebis) arse-
bobis gamo; prokuroris, dazaralebulis mier braldebaze
uaris Tqmis gamo sssk-iT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi;
piris im asakisaTvis miuRwevlobis gamo, romlidanac
dgeba sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba; ssk 36-e
muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi (Secdoma) arsebobis
gamo; ssk 37-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevis (br-
Zanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba) arsebobis gamo; ssk
38-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevis (sisxlis sa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisufleba sxva
arabraleuli qmedebis dros) arsebobis gamo; sssk 75-e
276 277
muxlis me-4 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis erTi
da imave SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT piris braldebulad
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis araumetes 12
Tviani vadis gasvlis gamo.
sasamarTlo valdebulia ar ganixilos samoqalaqo sar-
Celi sssk 28-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `z~ da `T~ qve-
punqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT sisxlis samarTlebrivi
devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas. kerZod,
dazaralebulis saCivris ararsebobis gamo _ kerZo sajaro
da kerZo braldebis saqmeebze; dazaralebulis braldebul-
Tan Serigebis gamo kerZo braldebis saqmeze; dazaralebu-
lis braldebulTan Serigebis gamo ssk 69-e, da 89 1-e
muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, agreTve Tu samo-
qalaqao mosarCele an misi warmomadgeneli ar gamocxadda
sasamarTlo sxdomaze arasapatio mizeziT.
kanonis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze wardge-
nili samoqalaqo sarCelis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs miiRos samoqalaqo sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis zomebi, Tu isini manamde ar yofila miRe-
buli. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze samoqalaqo sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebas warmoadgens qonebaze yadaRis
dadeba. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze wardgenili samoqalaqo
sarCelis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi misi aRsruleba unda
moxdes samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili
wesebis Sesabamisad.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, samoqalaqo mosarCeles ufleba
aqvs iyolios warmomadgeneli. samoqalaqo mosarCelis war-
momadgeneli SeiZleba iyos advokati, romelic warmoadgens
mis interesebs procesis yvela stadiaze. samoqalaqo mosar-
Celes SeuZlia isargeblos advokatis personaluri mowve-
vis uflebiT. magram, amave dros, kanoniT gansazRvrul
SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo mosarCelis warmomadgenlis
monawileoba procesSi savaldebuloa miuxedavad misi sur-
vilisa. kerZod, advokat-warmomadgenlis monawileoba
savaldebuloa Tu samoqalaqo mosarCele arasrulwlovania,
qmeduunaroa, SezRudulqmedunariania, janmrTelobis mdgo-
mareobis gamo ar SeuZlia daicvas Tavisi interesebi,
dazaralebulia ssk 443 1-e muxliT (adamianiT vaWroba-
trefikingi), 143 2-e muxliT (arasrulwlovaniT vaWroba-
trefikingi), gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad.
samoqalaqo mosarCelis interesebi SeiZleba daicvas misma
kanonierma warmomadgenelmac.
samoqalaqo mosarCelis warmomadgenels aqvs samoqalaqo
mosarCelis yvela saproceso ufleba sssk 86-e muxlis ̀ a~,
`g~, `J~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis garda.
kerZod, mas ara aqvs ufleba moiTxovos Tavisi uflebebis
ganmarteba; iyolios warmomadgeneli; mxolod samoqalaqo
mosarCelesTan SeTanxmebiT SeuZlia uari Tqvas sarCelze
an dados morigeba samoqalaqo mopasuxesTan.
samoqalaqo mosarCelis warmomadgenels, cxadia, ara
aqvs ufleba marwmuneblis sawinaaRmdego pozicia daikavos.
igi valdebulia gamoiyenos mxolod kanoniT nebadarTuli
saSualebebi da xerxebi samoqalaqo mosarCelis uflebebi-
sa da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad. amasTan, warmomad-
genlobis miRebis Semdeg advaokats ufleba ara aqvs uari
Tqva masze. warmomadgeneli valdebulia ar gaaxmauros
warmomadgenlobasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli informacia.
samoqalaqo mosarCelis warmomadgenels akisria igive
movaleobebi, rac mis marwmunebels gaaCnia. kerZod, sssk
86-e muxlis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo mosarCele valdebulia
droulad gamocxaddes procesis mwarmoebel organoSi,
warudginos sasarCelo gancxadebis aslebi samoqalaqo mo-
278 279
pasuxes, braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs, daemorCilos
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris kanonier gankargulebas, pativi
sces sasamarTlos da mxareebs, daicvas wesrigi sasamarTlo
sxdomis darbazSi.
$9. samoqalaqo mopasuxe da misi $9. samoqalaqo mopasuxe da misi
warmomadgeneliwarmomadgeneli
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze samoqalaqo sarCelis ward-
genis da piris samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis Sesaxeb
dadgenilebis gamotanis Semdeg procesSi ebmeba samoqalaqo
mopasuxe. samoqalaqo mosarCelisagan gansxvavebiT samo-
qalaqo mopasuxed cnoba ar aris piris neba-survilze
damokidebuli. is SeiZleba ganxorcieldes misi nebis
sawinaaRmdegodac.
samoqalaqo mopasuxis statuss piri iZens gamomZieblis,
prokuroris dadgenilebiT. samoqalaqo mopasuxed SeiZleba
cnobili iqnes fizikuri an iuridiuli piri.
samoqalaqo mopasuxed SeiZleba cnobili iyos bralde-
buli, aseve piri, romelsac materialuri an sxva pasux-
ismgebloba ekisreba braldebulis qmedebisaTvis, an im piris
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis, vis mimarTac warmoebs
saqme samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamosay-
eneblad. kerZod, aseTi pirebi SeiZleba iyvnen braldebulis
mSoblebi, meurveebi, mzrunvelebi da a.S.
samoqalaqo mopasuxed cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis asli
da gancxadebuli samoqalaqo sarCelis asli procesis
mwarmoebelma organos dauyovnebliv unda gadasces samo-
qalaqo mopasuxes an mis warmomadgenels da unda ganumar-
tos mas kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli misi ufleba-movaleobe-
bi.
samoqalaqo mopasuxes waeyeneba moTxovna im qonebrivi,
fizikuri an moraluri zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romel-
ic sxva pirs miadga damnaSavis an im piris marTlsawinaaRm-
dego qmedebis Sedegad, romlis mimarTac gamoiyeneba samedi-
cino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZieba.
samoqalaqo mopasuxe sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe-
bisas aRWurvilia mxaris uflebebiT. misi saproceso interesi
dakavSirebulia sasamarTlos mier gansasjelisaTvis sisxlis
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis gadawyvetasTan.
samoqalaqo mopasuxe gamodis dacvis mxares, ramdenadac mas
uwevs uaryos moTxovna, romelic mis mimarT wayenebulia
braldebulis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sedegad.
samoqalaqo mopasuxis ufleba-movaleobebi regulire-
bulia sssk 90-e muxliT. cxadia, kanonSi CamoTvlili
samoqalaqo mopasuxis uflebebi dakavSirebulia wardgenil
samoqalaqo sarCelTan. samoqalaqo mopasuxes ufleba aqvs
uaryos sarCeli, rac gulisxmobs SesaZleblobas uaryos
sasarCelo moTxovna da moiyvanos Sesabamisi argumentebi.
marTalia, mas aqvs mxaris yvela ufleba, magram samoqalaqo
mopasuxis zogierTi ufleba SezRudulia misi saproceso
funqciis Taviseburebis gamo, rac dakavSirebulia samo-
qalaqo mosarCelis sasarCelo pretenziisagan Tavis dacvas-
Tan, magaliTad, ganaCens igi asaCivrebs mxolod samoqalaqo
sarCelis Sesaxeb miRebuli gadawyvetilebis nawilSi iseve,
rogorc samoqalaqo mosarCele. ufro konkretulad, samo-
qalaqo mopasuxes, iseve rogorc samoqalaqo mosarCeles,
ufleba aqvs moiTxovos Tavisi uflebebis ganmarteba, icodes
braldebis arsi, iyolios warmomadgeneli, waradginos mt-
kicebulebebi, ganacxados acileba da Suamdgomloba,
monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis CatarebaSi,
280 281
romelic exeba sarCelis Tanxasa da safuZvels, gaasaCivros
gamomZieblis, prokuroris moqmedeba da aqtebi; gaecnos
saqmis masalebs, gadaiRos aslebi da saqmidan amoiweros
cnobebi samoqalaqo sarCelis nawilSi saqmis sabraldebo
daskvniT sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Semdeg, agreTve sisxlis
samarTlebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas,
misces ganmarteba wardgenili sarCelis gamo, moiTxovos
mowmed dakiTxva, sasamarTloSi isargeblos mxaris yvela
uflebiT, gamovides sasamarTlo kamaTSi, gaasaCivros gan-
aCeni an sxva Semajamebeli gadawyvetileba samoqalaqo sar-
Celis Tanxisa da safuZvlis nawilSi, daicvas Tavisi in-
teresebi saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarT-
loSi, gaecnos sasamarTlo sxdomis oqms da gamoTqvas masze
SeniSvnebi.
samoqalaqo mopasuxes ufleba aqvs cnos sarCeli an
dados morigeba samoqalaqo mosarCelesTan, rac gamoricx-
avs sarCelis gamo Semdgom warmoebas.
samoqalaqo mopasuxe mosarCelis msgavsad valdebulia
gamocxaddes gamomZiebelTan, procesis mwarmoebel or-
ganoSi, daemorCilos Tavmjdomaris kanonier gankargulebebs,
pativi sces sasamarTlosa da mxareebs, daicvas wesrigi
sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi, samoqalaqo mopasuxes awevs mtkicebis tvir-
Ti. kerZod, samoqalaqo mopasuxes awevs mosarCelis mt-
kicebaTa uaryofis tvirTi mometebuli safrTxis wyaroTi
miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebze.
samoqalaqo mopasuxes ufleba aqvs iyolios warmomad-
geneli-advokati. Tu samoqalaqo mopasuxed cnobilia bral-
debuli, warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba samoqalaqo sar-
Celis ganxilvisas SeiZleba daekisros damcvels. samoqalaqo
mopasuxis interesebi aseve SeiZleba daicvas misma kanoni-
erma warmomadgenelma.
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo mopa-
suxis warmomadgenlis monawileoba savaldebuloa, kerZod,
Tu samoqalaqo mopasuxe arasrulwlovania, qmeduunaro an
SezRudulqmeduunaroa, an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo
ar SeuZlia daicvas Tavisi interesebi. advokatis monawileo-
ba savaldebuloa. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi Tu samoqalaqo
mopasuxe ar miiwvevs advokats procesis mwarmoebeli or-
gano valdebulia uzrunvelyos advokatis monawileoba,
romlis xarjebsac saxelmwifo aanazRaurebs dadgenili
wesiT. Tu advokat-warmomadgenlis savaldebulo monawile-
obis SemTxveva ar aris saxeze, magram samoqalaqo mopasuxe
arasmqonea da igi warudgens procesis mwarmoebel organos
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos
mier gacemul gadaxdisuunarobis damadasturebel doku-
ments, saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs arasmqone samoqalaqo
mopasuxis intresebis warmomadgenlad advokatis mowvevas
saxelmwifos xarjze. gadaxdisuunarobis damadasturbeli
dokumentis wardgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo
mopasuxis advokat-warmomadgenlis saxelmwifo xarjze
daniSvnis gadawyvetilebas iRebs procesis mwarmoebeli
organo.
samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgeneli valdebulia gam-
oiyenos kanoniT nebadarTuli yvela saSualeba da xerxi
marwmuneblis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dasa-
cavad. warmomadgenels aqvs samoqalaqo mopasuxis yvela
saproceso ufleba sarCelis cnobis, morigebis dadebis,
ganaCenisa da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-
bebis gasaCivrebis sakiTxis gadawyvetis garda. warmomad-
282 283
geneli valdebulia miiRos samoqalaqo mopasuxis Tanxmoba
sarCelis sruli an nawilobrivi cnobis, morigebis dade-
bis, ganaCenisa da sxva Semajamebeli gadawyvetis gasaCivre-
bis SemTxvevaSi.
warmomadgneli valdebulia ar gaaxmauros warmomadgen-
lobasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli informacia, warmomadgen-
lobis miRebis Semdeg advokats ufleba ara aqvs uari
Tqvas masze. samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmoadgenels akisria
igive movaleobebi, rac samoqalaqo mopasuxes aqvs.
$10. pirebi, romlebic moiwvevian saqmeze $10. pirebi, romlebic moiwvevian saqmeze
WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi daxmarebis gasawevad WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi daxmarebis gasawevad
(mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani, (mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani,
damswre) rogorc procesis subieqtebidamswre) rogorc procesis subieqtebi
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi procesis mwarmoebeli
pirebis da organoebis, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi pro-
cesualuri dainteresebis da procesualuri funqciis mqone
subieqtebis garda, monawileobas Rebuloben agreTve pro-
cesis sxva subieqtebi, romlebic saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
moiwvevian saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi daxmarebis mizniT.
es pirebia: mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani da
damswre. procesis am subieqtebs ar gaaCniaT saqmeSi Tavi-
si piradi interesi da isini ar asruleben romelime pro-
cesualur funqcias, aramed mxolod xels uwyoben proce-
sis mwarmoebel pirebs saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi.
dasaxelebul pirTa statussa da uflebamosilebas
gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis XIII
Tavi (93-e – 104-e muxlebi).
sssk pirveli muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis miR-
weva SeuZlebelia sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ara mxolod
dazaralebulis da braldebulis,aramed procesis sxva
pirTa aqtiuri monawileobis gareSe, romlebmac xeli unda
Seuwyon mtkicebis saganSi Semavali garemoebebis dadge-
nas.
mowmemowme
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad da
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba procesSi mowmeTa monawileobas gansakuTrebiT im
SemTxvevebSi, rodesac mowmis mier micemul Cvenebas gadam-
284 285
wyveti mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis. mowme, rogorc mt-
kicebulebiTi informaciis matarebeli iqmneba TviT
gamosaZiebeli saqmis garemoebebiT da Seucvlelia sisxlis
samarTlis procesSi. vinaidan misi Cvenebebi, rogorc wesi,
exeba uSualod mis mier nanaxs an mosmenils da romlis
Sesaxeb informaciis mowodebac, rogorc wesi, mxolod mas
SeuZlia. swored amitom mowmes da mis mier mocemul Cve-
nebebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Seunacvlebadi xasiaTi
gaaCniaT. amiT gansxvavdeba mowme am TavSi ganxiluli ss
procesis sxva monawileebisagan-eqspertebis, specialiste-
bis da Tarjimnebisgan, romelTa funqciebis ganxorcieleba
Sesabamisi ganaTlebis da kvalifikaciis mqone nebismier sxva
pirs SeuZlia. amasTan, mowme procesis mwarmoebel organos
awvdis ara sakuTar mosazrebebs an daskvnebs (eqsperti,
specialisti) aramed uSualod mis mier nanaxi an gagonili
faqtobrivi monacemebis Taobaze informacias.
swored amitom,sssk krZlavs mowmis mier sxva proce-
sualuri funqciebis SeTavsebas (magaliTad Tarjimani, dam-
swre, eqsperti, gamomZiebeli da a.S). Tu saWiro xdeba ar-
Cevanis gakeTeba piris mier mowmis da procesis sxva subieq-
tis saxiT procesSi mowvevisas (garda eWvmitanilis, bral-
debulis an dazaralebulis saxiT) arCevani keTdeba mowmis
statusis SenarCunebis sasargeblod. kerZod, im SeTxvevaSi
Tu saqmis warmoebaSi eqspertis saxiT mowveuli piri an
gamomZiebeli aRmoCndeba, rom igive saqmeze SeiZleba mowveu-
li iqnes mowmis saxiT, igi procesSi SeinarCunebs mowmis
statuss, magram acileba miecema rogorc eqsperts, gamomZieb-
els. gamonaklisia procesSi monawile pirTa kanonieri war-
momadgenlebi, eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli, rom-
lebic procesSi aseve Seucvleli subieqtebi arian.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmis saxiT mowvevis
winapirobaa procesis mwarmoebeli organos (Tanamdebobis
piris) varaudi (Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis da infor-
maciis safuZveze), rom am pirisaTvis SesaZlebelia cno-
bili iyos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowme aris piri, romel-
ic gamoiZaxeba procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier Cvene-
bis misacemad saqmesTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis da sisxlis
samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone sxva garemoebe-
bis Sesaxeb. amasTan, sssk 3051-e muxlis Tanaxmad mowmis
dakiTxva SeiZleba mxolod im garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romel-
sac mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis, aseve eWvmitanilis, bral-
debulisa da dazaralebulis vinaobis dasadgenad.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi piris mowmis saxiT
monawileobis safuZvels warmoadgens misi gamoZaxeba. pro-
cesis sxva subieqtebisagan gansxvavebiT aq ar xdeba dadge-
nilebis gamotana piris mowmed cnobis Sesaxeb. mowmis
gamoZaxeba xorcieldeba:
_ uwyebiT;
_ telefonogramiT;
_ depeSiT;
_ radiogramiT
_ faqsiT;
_ kavSirgabmulobis sxva teqnikuri saSualebiT.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmis mowvevis mizania
gamosaZiebel an gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan
dakavSirebuli informaciis mopoveba. amitom, procesSi
piris mowmis saxiT monawileoba pirdapir ukavSirdeba mis
mier Cvenebis micemis movaleobas.
gamonaklisia sssk 95-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
pirebi, romelTa dakiTxva ar xdeba mowmis saxiT. sssk
iTvaliswinebs mowmeTa am jgufis dayofas or kategoriad:
286 287
I. pirebi, romlebic procesis mwarmoebeli organos I. pirebi, romlebic procesis mwarmoebeli organos
gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba gaTavisufldnen mowmis mova-gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba gaTavisufldnen mowmis mova-
leobisagan.leobisagan.
sssk icavs profesiuli saqmianobis saidumloebas da
procesis mwarmoebel pirs, saqmis garemoebebis da profe-
siuli saqminobisaTvis Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sava-
raudo zianis Tanafardobis gaTvaliswinebiT, uflebas
aZlevs motivirebuli dadgenilebiT (ganCinebiT) mowmis
movaleobisagan gaaTavisuflos:
a) eqimi, medicinis da, meani, farmacevti, sxva samedi-
cino muSaki, Tu maT profesiulad evalebaT saeqimo (samedi-
cino) saidumloebis dacva;
b) notariusi, sajaro mosamsaxure, samxedro mosamsax-
ure da masTan gaTanabrebuli piri, Tu maT nakisri aqvT
valdebuleba, ar gaamJRavnon miRebuli informaciis wyaro
da Sinaarsi;
g) piri, romelic samuSaoze im pirobiT aris miRebuli,
rom ar gaamJRavnebs komerciul an sabanko saidumloebas.
d) kontrteroristuli an/da specialuri operaciis
monawile piri, romlis saqmianoba gasaidumloebulia, da
am saqmianobis amsaxveli dokumentebi, masalebi da sxva
monacemebi miekuTvneba saxelmwifo saidumloebas.
magram sssk ar iTvaliswinebs mowmis uflebas uari
Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze profesiuli, samsaxurebrivi, ko-
merciuli Tu piradi cxovrebis saidumloobis safuZvliT.
vinaidan, saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis da marTlmsajuleb-
is ganxorcielebis miznebidan gamomdinare, procesis mwar-
moebeli organo Tavad iRebs gadawyvetilebas gaaTavisuf-
los piri mowmis movaleobisagan Tu uzrunvelyos piris
dakiTxva mis mier micemuli Cvenebis konfidencialurobis
uzrunvelyofis pirobebSi. imavdroulad aRniSnuli pire-
bis am safuZvliT mowmis movaleobisagan gaTavisufleba
droSi SezRuduli ar aris da arc Seuqcevadi xasiaTisaa.
kerZod, saqmis konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare
procesis mwarmoebel organos ufleba aqvs mogvianebiT
Secvalos (igive an Semdgom stadiaze) Tavisi gadawyvetile-
ba da aRniSnuli pirebi moiwvios procesSi Cvenebis misace-
mad.
sssk ar gamoricxavs zemoT aRniSnul pirTa mowmis
movaleobisagan sruli moculobiT gaTavisuflebis SesaZle-
blobas. is adgens aRniSnuli kategoriis pirebis mier
Cvenebis micemis movaleobas gansaxilvel saqmesTan dakav-
SirebiT da imavdroulad saWiroebisas gaTavisuflebas
mxolod im nawilSi, romelic SeiZleba exebodes zemoT
aRniSnul saidumlos an informacias. imavdroulad, es aris
procesis mwarmoebeli piris ufleba da ara valdebuleba
da misi gamoyeneba damokidebulia konkretuli saqmis gare-
moebebze, mowmis Cvenebis mniSvnelobaze marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebis da obieqturi gamoZiebis ganxorcielebis
miznebisaTvis. nebismier SemTxvevaSi procesis mwarmoebeli
piris gadawyvetileba unda iyos dasabuTebuli da moti-
virebuli.
II. pirebi romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen obieqturi mt-II. pirebi romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen obieqturi mt-
kicebulebiTi informaciis wyaro.kicebulebiTi informaciis wyaro.
informaciis sarwmunoobis xarisxis matarebeli ar aris
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis da qmeduunaro pirTa mier
micemuli Cveneba. swored amitom mowmed ar SeiZleba
dakiTxon piri:
a) romelsac mcirewlovnobis, fizikuri naklis an
fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas,
daixsomos an aRidginos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
garemoebebi da misces Cveneba,
288 289
b) adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpli –
mosafiqrebeli vadis ganmavlobaSi.
imis gasarkvevad, mcirewlovnobis, fizikuri naklis an
fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo SeuZlia Tu ara pirs movlene-
bis sworad aRqma, damaxsovreba aRdgena da gadmocema
SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes Sesabamisi dargis specialis-
tis mowveva an eqspertizis Catareba.. fizikuri (magaliTad
xeibari, usinaTlo, yru-munji da a.S) an fsiqikuri nakli
TavisTavad ar warmoadgens procesSi piris mowmis saxiT
monawileobis damabrkolebel garemoebas. aq mniSvnelovania
imis dadgena Tu ra gavlenas axdens konkretuli nakli
piris unarze aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da gadmosces esa Tu
is viTareba (magaliTad, usinaTlos SeuZlia gamoZiebis
organos miawodos informacia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone im saubris Sesaxeb, romlis momswrec is iyo, an
romelic misTvis gaxda cnobili sxva pirebisagan; yru-
munjma_ mis mier uSualod nanaxi danaSaulis Cadenis vi-
Tarebis Sesaxeb da a.S) magram aRniSnuli kategoriis
pirebis procesSi monawileobisas, rogorc wesi, aucile-
belia Tarjimnis monawileoba.
fsiqikuri daavadebebi sxvadasxva simZimis da formisaa
(permanentuli an droebiTi Seuracxadoba). amitom, aseT
dros unda dadgindes erTis mxriv aseTi mowmis fsiqikuri
mdgomareoba konkretuli garemoebebis aRqmis da meores
mxriv-dakiTxvis momentSi. aseTi pirebis dakiTxvis mizanSe-
wonilobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs procesis mwar-
moebeli piri yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi eqim-special-
istTan konsultaciis safuZvelze.
III. pirebi romlebic ar SeiZleba gamoZaxebulni da III. pirebi romlebic ar SeiZleba gamoZaxebulni da
dakiTxulni iqnen mowmis saxiT konkretul garemoebebTan dakiTxulni iqnen mowmis saxiT konkretul garemoebebTan
dakavSirebiT (sssk 95.1 muxli);dakavSirebiT (sssk 95.1 muxli);
sssk mkafiod gansazRvravs im sakiTxTa wres, da SemTx-
vevebs, romelTa Taobazec aRniSnuli pirebis mowmis saxiT
dakiTxva akrZaluli. imavdroulad maTi mowmis saxiT
dakiTxvis akrZalva ar aris absoluturi. kanoni ar krZa-
lavs maT dakiTxvas an gamoZaxebas procesSi mowmis saxiT
saerTod, aramed mxolod maT mier ganxorcielebul konk-
retul funqciebTan da faqtebTan mimarTebaSi.
amasTan, am jgufSi Semavali pirebic pirobiTad iyofa
or saxed:
1. pirebi, romelTa dakiTxva maTi survilis/ Tanxmobis
SemTxvevaSic akrZalulia;
2. pirebi romelTa dakiTxva mowmis saxiT SesaZlebelia
maTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi.
1. pirebi, romelTa dakiTxva maTi survilis/ Tanxmobis 1. pirebi, romelTa dakiTxva maTi survilis/ Tanxmobis
SemTxvevaSic akrZaluliaSemTxvevaSic akrZalulia
sssk iTvaliswinebs advokatis (damcveli, warmomad-
geneli), saxalxo damcvelis, sakanonmdeblo organos wevre-
bis, mosamarTlis da Jurnalistebis saqmianobis efeqturad
ganxorcielebisaTvis damatebiT garantiebs da ndobiTi
urTierTobebis uzrunvelyofas maTi profesiuli saqmiano-
bis ganxorcielebisas (mag dacvis qveS myof pirebTan urT-
ierTobisas imisaTvis rom am pirTa gulaxdiloba ar iqnes
gamoyenebuli maTsave sawinaaRmdegod). aseve aRsarebis said-
umloebis dacva, rac aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis uzrun-
velyofis mniSvnelovani garantiaa.
sssk Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba mowmed gamoiZaxon da
dakiTxon:
a) eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis an msjavrde-
bulis damcveli – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis
cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi damcvelis movaleobis Sesrule-
basTan dakavSirebiT;
290 291
b) dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis, samoqalaqo
mopasuxis warmomadgeneli – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romel-
ic misTvis cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi warmomadgenlis an
damcvelis movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT;
g) advokati, romelic iuridiul daxmarebas uwevda
pirs dacvis an warmomadgenlobis miRebamde – im garemoe-
bis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda iuridiuli
daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT-amasTan igulisxmeba mis
mier iuridiuli daxmarebis gaweva nebismieri samarTaldar-
Rvevis saqmeze. maT Soris samoqalaqo, administraciuli da
a.S. aseve profesiuli iuridiuli momsaxurebis ganxor-
cielebisas aseTi informaciis miReba drois, adgilis da
informaciis Sinaarsis miuxedavad;
d) advokati, romelic organizacias emsaxureboda – im
garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda dacvis
an warmomadgenlobis ganxorcielebasTan an sxva iuridiuli
daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT;
e) sasuliero piri – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic
misTvis cnobili gaxda aRsarebis an sxvagvarad gandobis
Sedegad;
z) saxalxo damcveli – im faqtis gamo, romelic mas
gaandes, rogorc saxalxo damcvels;
T) saqarTvelos parlamentis, afxazeTisa da aWaris
avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi
organoebis wevrebi – im faqtis gamo, romelic maT gaandes
amomrCevlebma;
i) mosamarTle – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic war-
moadgens mosamarTleTa TaTbiris saidumloebas;
k) Jurnalisti – profesiuli saqmianobisas miRebul
informaciasTan dakavSirebiT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom es akrZalva droSi ar aris Sez-
Ruduli da Sesabamisad aRniSnuli kategoriis pirTa
dakiTxva dauSvebelia imisdamiuxedavad kvlavac agrZeleben
aRniSnul saqmianobas Tu ara. magaliTad, dauSvebelia eWvmi-
tanilis damcvelis dakiTxva im garemoebebis Sesaxeb,
romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi damcvelis
movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT maSinac, rodesac
igi ukve aRar asrulebs aRniSnul funqcias saqmeze gama-
marTlebeli Tu gamomatyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis, Tu
mis momsaxurebaze braldebulis mier uaris Tqmis miuxe-
davad.
imavdroulad, mniSvneloba ara aqvs aRniSnuli infor-
macia uSualod exeboda mis mier ganxorcielebul samsax-
urebriv saqmianobas Tu samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis ganxor-
cielebis procesSi gaxda misTvis cnobili sxva garemoe-
bebi, romlebsac mis mier ganxorcielebul momsaxurebasTan
kavSiri ara aqvs (magaliTad qurdobisaTvis dakavebuli
eWvmitanilis dacvisas cnobili gaxda eWvmitanilis axlo
naTesavis mier mkvlelobis Cadenis Sesaxeb).
2. pirebi, romlebic maTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-2. pirebi, romlebic maTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-
ba daikiTxon rogorc braldebis mowme.ba daikiTxon rogorc braldebis mowme.
sssk 951 muxlis `v~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad dauSvebelia
eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis
axlo naTesavis mowmis saxiT dakiTxva da Sesabamisad sssp
monawileobisaTvis mowveva ssprocesis nebismier stadiaze,
garda im SemTxvevebisa Tu isini Tavad gamoTqvamen Cvenebis
micemis survils. aseTi survilis gamoTqmis SemTxvevaSi
isini nebayoflobiT acxadeben uars mowmis saproceso imu-
nitetze da maTze garceldeba sssk mowmisaTvis dadgenili
yvela movaleoba da pasuxismgeloba. uari mowmis imunite-
tze aris Seuqcevadi da upirobo. rac gulisxmobs, rom
mowmes ar aqvs ufleba Tanxmoba ganacxados informaciis
292 293
nawilis miwodebaze an sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr gansaz-
Rvros procesis mwarmoebeli organosaTvis misawodebeli
informaciis saxe da moculoba, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi mis
mimarT adgili eqneba sssk dadgenili saproceso iZulebis
da ssp RonisZiebebis gamoyenebas darCenil gaumJRavnebel
informaciasTan dakavSirebiT.
mowmis ufleba-movaleobani.mowmis ufleba-movaleobani.
rocesSi piri mowmis statuss iZens procesis mwar-
moebel organoSi an Tanamdebobis pirTan (rogorc wesi _
gamomZiebelTan) misi pirvelive gamoZaxebis momentidan.
swored am momentidan ekisreba mas sssk mowmisaTvis dadge-
nili uflebebi da movaleobebi.
mowme valdebulia: mowme valdebulia:
1. gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos
gamoZaxebiT.
procesSi arasapatio mizeziT, gamoucxadeblobis SemTx-
vevaSi mowmes SeiZleba daekisros fuladi jarima 500
laramde odenobiT da daeqvemdebaros iZulebiT moyvanas.
arasapatio mizeziT mowmis gamoucxadeblobis SemTx-
vevaSi igi SeiZleba iZulebiT iqnes moyvanili. mowmis
iZulebiTi moyvana dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze
mxolod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT (winaswari gamoZie-
bis stadiaze-brZanebiT, saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas-
dadgenilebiT an ganCinebiT). mowmis moyvanis mizania misi
monawileobis uzrunvelyofa sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi an
sasamarTlo sxdomaSi. magram misi iZulebiT moyvana dauS-
vebelia winaswar misi gamoZaxebis, mis mier nebayoflobiT
gamocxadebaze uaris Tqmis da gamoucxadeblobis arasapatio
mizezis dadgenis gareSe. sssk gamoucxadeblobis sapatio
SemTxvevebs miakuTvnebs gansakuTrebul obieqtur garemoe-
bebs, romlebic procesis monawilisagan damoukidebeli
mizeziT SeuZlebels xdis procesze mis gamocxadebas. (ix.
muxli 44.57)
2. sworad acnobos yvelaferi, rac saqmis gamo icis,
da upasuxos dasmul SekiTxvebs.
mowme valdebulia miawodos informacia mxolod im
garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic misTvis cnobilia dakiTxvis
momentSi. amasTan igi ar aris valdebuli Tavisi sakuTari
mosazrebebi miawodos procesis mwarmoebel organos. mowmes
SeuZlia misces Cveneba uSualod im movlenebis da faqte-
bis Sesaxeb, romlebic uSualod mis mier iqna aRqmuli an
im garemoebebis Sesaxeb romlebic misTvis cnobili gaxda
sxva pirTagan. dauSvebelia mowmisagan raime saxis gamoZie-
bis an dakvirvebis warmoebis moTxovna, an mis mimarT iseTi
eqsperimentebis Catareba, romlebic marTalia sasargebloa
gamoZiebisaTvis, magram ar gaaCniaT mowmis movaleobasTan
pirdapiri damokidebuleba mag., hipnotizacia. gamonaklisia
danaSaulis SemTxvevis, zianis miyenebis faqtis dadgenis,
dakiTxvisaTvis mowmis vargisianobis Semowmebis da
gamosaZiebel ss saqmesTan dakavSirebuli sxva legitimuri
mizniT ganxorcielebuli eqsperimentebi. dauSvebelia iseTi
sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis Catareba mowmis mimarT, romel-
ic safrTxes uqmnis mis janmrTelobas an sicocxles an
ewinaaRmdegeba zneobriv normebs.
mowmis Semowmeba dasaSvebia mxolod misi Cvenebis sis-
woris gasarkvevad. mowmis Semowmeba daiSveba mxolod
mosamarTlis brZanebiT. magram Semowmebis Catarebaze mowmis
Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlis brZanebis mopoveba
saWiro aRar xdeba da Semowmeba tardeba gamomZieblis an
prokuroris dadgenilebis safuZvelze sssk dadgenili
wesiT. sssk krZalavs aseve mowmis iZulebiT eqspertizas,
garda veneriuli Tu sxva infeqciuri daavadebebis dadgeni-
294 295
sa da agreTve im SemTxvevebisa, roca eWvmitanili an bral-
debuli moiTxovs im dazaralebulis Cvenebis Semowmebas,
romelic amxels mas danaSaulis CadenaSi. dazaralebulisa
da mowmis iZulebiTi eqspertiza dasaSvebia mxolod mosa-
marTlis brZanebis safuZvelze.
2. mowmes ekisreba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba
Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisTvis (muxli 370), cru Cven-
ebis micemisaTvis (muxli 370), arsebiTad urTierTsawi-
naaRmdego Cvenebebis micemis (muxli 3711) da cru das-
menisaTvis (muxli 373). magram mowmes pasuxismgebloba ar
ekisreba Tu:
1. igi eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis an
msjavrdebulis axlo naTesavia;
2. mas unda epasuxa danaSaulis CadenaSi mis mamxilebel
SekiTxvaze
3. igi keTilsindisierad cdeba da amis gamo iZleva aras-
wor Cvenebas da adgili ara aqvs mowmis mier winaswari
SecnobiT araswori Cvenebis micemas.
4. winaswari gamoZiebis procesSi an sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebis ganaCenis gamotanamde nebayoflobiT ganacx-
adebs mis mier cru Cvenebis micemis Sesaxeb.
winaswari SecnobiT cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis mowmis
mimarT ss devnis dawyeba dasaSvebia mxolod ganaCenis
dadgenasTan erTdroulad.
amasTan, mowme ar aris valdebuli misces Cveneba Tavi-
si an misi axlo naTesavis winaaRmdeg1. sssk 44-e muxlis
1 aSS-is sssk iTvaliswinebs mowmis imunitetis instituts, rac gu-
lisxmobs sasamarTlos mier pirisaTvis miniWebul imunitets, rom piris mier
mowmis saxiT dakiTxvisas micemuli Cvenebebi da maTgan gamomdinare faqtebi ar
iqneba gamoyenebuli mtkicebulebis saxiT missave winaaRmdeg Semdgomi samar-
Talwarmoebisas.
aSS – is konstituciis me-5 Sesworeba iTvaliswinebs braldebulis
Tanaxmad axlo naTesavs miekuTvneba mSobeli, Svilad amyvani,
Svilobili, papa, bebia, SviliSvili, da, Zma, meuRle (gan-
qorwinebulic). amdenad, sssk es debuleba iseve, rogorc
mowmis saxiT gamoZaxebis da dakiTxvis akrZalva ar exeba
meurvesa da mzrunvels.
dauSvebelia mowmisagan Cvenebis mopoveba iZulebis,
muqaris an SantaJis an sxva ukanono meTodebiT. aseTis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamis pirs ekisreba sisxlis
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba.
4. ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT misTvis cno-
bili garemoebebi, Tu igi amis Sesaxeb gaafrTxila gamomZie-
belma, prokurorma an sasamarTlom;
5. daicvas wesrigi saqmis winaswari gamoZiebisa da
sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros _ gamoucxadeblobis, Tavmj-
domaris gankargulebaTa Seusruleblobis, saqmis gamoZie-
bisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros wesrigis darRvevisa
da sasamarTlos upativcemulobisaTvis mowmes SeiZleba
daekisros fuladi saxdeli Sromis anazRaurebis aT mini-
malur odenobamde. kerZod, sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlis gankargulebiT igi
uflebas pasuxi ar gasces braldebis mxaris nebismier SekiTxvas an uari Tqvas
Cvenebis micemaze. kerZod~ aravin unda iqnes iZulebuli sisxlis sam saqmeze
misces Cveneba sakuTari Tavis sawinaaRmdegod. imuniteti TviTgaTqmisagan exeba
ara mxolod braldebuls, aramed mowmesac romelic Cvenebas iZleva sasamarT-
loSi. Tu mowme CaTvlis rom misma Cvenebam SeiZleba moaxdinos missive inkri-
minireba /TviTgaTqma danaSaulis CadenaSi, SeuZlia Tavi Seikavos nebismier
kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisagan. sakiTxs mowmisaTvis privilegiis miniWebis Tao-
baze iRebs mosamarTle saqmis konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare. `Tu ar
arsebobs inkriminirebis realuri da arsebiTi saSiSroeba, Txovna privilegiis
gamoyenebis Taobaze ar kmayofildeba, maSinac ki Tu dadgindeba sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi sanqciebis gamoyenebis Soreuli safrTxe. magram Tu mowmisaTvis aseTi
safrTxis arseboba erTxel ukve iqna dadgenili, mas eniWeba farTo SesaZle-
bloba damoukideblad Seafasos sakuTari TavisaTvis konkretuli safrTxis
sakiTxi.
296 297
SeiZleba dajarimdes 50-dan 500 laramde odenobiT an
Seefardos dapatimreba, xolo sasamarTlos aSkara upa-
tivcemulobis an Tu misi qmedeba mimarTulia procesis
CaSlisken _ 30 dRemde vadiT.
5. ar datovos sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazi Tavmjdo-
maris nebarTvis gareSe.
6. Seasrulos procesis mwarmoebeli organos kanonieri
moTxovna-mosamarTle valdebulia sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis 500 laramde
odenobis fuladi jarima daakisros mowmes, romelic uars
ityvis Semowmebis an eqspertizis Catarebis, SedarebiTi
kvlevisaTvis nimuSis miRebis Sesaxeb gamomZieblis, proku-
roris, sasamarTlos kanonieri moTxovnis Sesrulebaze.
mowmes ufleba aqvs: mowmes ufleba aqvs:
• icodes, ra saqmis gamoa gamoZaxebuli;
• Cveneba misces mSobliur enaze, Tu man ar icis sisx-
lis samarTlis procesis ena, da isargeblos Tar-
jimnis ufaso momsaxurebiT;
• acileba misces Tarjimans;
• sakuTari xeliT Camoayalibos Tavisi Cveneba;
• iyolios advokati (m. 3055)
• monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-
baSi;
• gaecnos dakiTxvis an misi monawileobiT Catarebuli
sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqms, moiTxovos masSi
damatebebisa da cvlilebebis Setana, aseve gaecnos
sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmis im nawils, sadac Cawer-
ilia misi Cveneba, da moiTxovos masSi damatebebis,
cvlilebebisa da dazustebebis Setana,
• gaakeTos gancxadeba gamoZiebis ukanono meTodebis
Sesaxeb;
• isargeblos werilobiTi CaniSvnebiTa da dokument-
ebiT;
• mis mimarT ganxorcielebul iZulebiT eqspertizasTan
mimarTbeaSi-eqspertizis Catarebamde gaecnos gamomZieblis
an prokuroris dadgenilebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Ses-
axeb; acileba misces eqsperts; gaecnos eqspertis daskvnas.
misi miRebidan ara ugvianes 10 dRis Semdeg aRZras Suam-
dgomloba damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis Catare-
bis Taobaze;
• gamomZieblis ukanono moqmedeba gaasaCivros proku-
rorTan,
• ar misces Cveneba, romelic amxels mas an mis axlo
naTesavebs danaSaulis CadenaSi;
yvela sxva piri SeiZleba dakiTxuli iqnes mowmis
saxiT. kanoni ar adgens raime saxis asakobriv an piris
fizikuri mdgomareobidan ganindinare SezRudvas mowmed
mosawvev pirebTan mimarTebaSi da aucileblobis SemTx-
vevaSi iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovnebis da mcirewlovne-
bis1 dakiTxis SesaZleblobasac. arasrulwlovani mowme
SeiZleba daikiTxos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas asakis, fsiqikuri
mdgomareobis, unar-Cvevebis da sxva Tvisebebis erToblio-
biT SeuZlia sityvierad, an sxva formiT miawodos proce-
sis mwarmoebel organos, Tanamdebobis pirs sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone cnobebi. kanoni ar
adgens minimalur asakobriv zRvars, romlidanac daiSveba
mcirewlovnis dakiTxva. rogorc wesi, es damokidebulia
erTis mxriv mcirewlovnis Tvisebebis erTobliobaze da
dasakiTx garemoebebze. 7 wlamde asakis mowmis dakiTxva
daiSveba mxolod mSoblis an kanonieri warmomadgenlis
1 maT mier miwodebuli informaciis mtkicebulebiTi xasiaTi ganxilulia
mtkicebulebaTa TavSi.
298 299
TanxmobiT. 14 wlamde asakis mowmes unda ganematos misi
movaleoba ilaparakos mxolod simarTle, magram is ar
frTxildeba Segnebulad araswori Cvenebis micemisaTvis an
Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. nebismier SemTxvevaSi arasrul-
wlovani mowmis dakiTxva daiSveba pedagogis an kanonieri
warmomadgenlis TandaswrebiT. aRniSnuli kategoriis
pirTa dakiTxvisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos aseTi Cve-
nebebis Taviseburebani.
yru-munji mowmis dakiTxva tardeba im piris monawile-
obiT, romelic igebs mis niSnebs da SeuZlia misTvis imave
niSnebiT azris gagebineba. xolo mZime avadmyofi mowmis
dakiTxva yvela SemTxvevaSi tardeba eqimis werilobiTi
nebarTviT, xolo Tu amas aucileblad miiCnevs eqimi-misi
TandaswrebiT. amasTan
damatebiTi regulaciebi gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod
diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone pirebTan mimarTebaSi. maTi
dakiTxva dasaSvebia mxolod maTi TxovniT an maTi Tanxmo-
biT. Tanxmoba gamoiTxoveba sagareo saqmeTa saministros
meSveobiT.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da
srulyofili gamoZiebis Catarebis miznebidan gamomdinare
sssk procesis monawile pirs akisrebs mowmis saxiT nebi-
smieri im piris mowvevis movaleobas, romlisTvisac sava-
raudod cnobilia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoe-
bebi da amdenad, sssk ar iTvaliswinebs mowmis acilebis
SesaZleblobas dazaralebulTan, procesis monawilesTan
naTesauri Tu sxvagvari damokidebulebis, misi saqmianobis
Tu sxva safuZvliT (magaliTad dazaralebulis naTesavia
an adre iyo gamomZiebeli am saqmeze) magram es garemoebebi
gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes mis mier micemuli Cvenebis
Sefasebisas.
TarjimaniTarjimani
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Tarjimnis mier Tavisi
funqcebis ganuxrelad, srulyofilad da keTilsindisierad
ganxorcielebaze mniSvnelovanwilad aris damokidebuli
procesSi monawile pirTa aqtiuroba da maTi movaleobebis
srulyofilad ganxorcieleba (magaliTad: mowme, eqsperti,
specialisti) da meores mxriv mxareTa mier Tavisi ufle-
bebis da kanonieri interesebis dacvis xarisxi.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Tarjimnis monawileobis
safuZvelia:
1. gamomZieblis, prokuroris an mosamarTlis dadgenileba;
an
2. sasamarTlos ganCineba
procesSi Tarjimnis mowvevis winapirobebia:
a) gamomZiebelma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem (mosa-
marTleebma) ar ician an saTanadod ar ician ena, romelze-
dac procesis monawile iZleva ganmartebas an Cvenebas;
b) braldebulma, eWvmitanilma, damcvelma, dazarale-
bulma, samoqalaqo mosarCelem, samoqalaqo mopasuxem,
maTma warmomadgenlebma, procesis sxva monawileebma ar
ician an saTanadod ar ician sisxlis samarTlis procesis
ena;
g) saWiroa meore enidan iTargmnos esa Tu is werilo-
biTi teqsti.
sssk iTvaliswinebs procesSi ori tipis Tarjimnis
monawileobas:
1. piri romelsac esmis yru-munjTa niSnebi;
300 301
2. piri, romelic flobs samarTalwarmoebis da proce-
sis Sesabamisi monawilis enas.
Tu saqmis ramdenime monawiles sWirdeba Tarjimani da
isini saTanadod floben erTsa da imave enas, SesaZlebelia
erTi Tarjimnis mowveva.
Tarjimnis movaleobis Sesrulebis ufleba ara aqvT:
1. procesis mwarmoebel pirebs (gamomZiebels, prokurors,
mosamarTles);
2. sxdomis mdivans;
3. eWvmitanils, braldebuls, gansasjels, msjavrdbuls;
4. damcvels;
5. dazaralebuls da mis warmomadgenels;
6. samoqalaqo mosarCeles, samoqalaqo mopasuxes da maT
warmomadgenlebs;
7. mowmes;
8. eqsperts;
9. specialists;
10. damswres.
Tarjimnis ufleba-movaleobani Tarjimnis ufleba-movaleobani
11. Tarjimani valdebulia:
_ gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos
gamoZaxebiT. Tu Tarjimani arasapatio mizeziT, uars ityvis
gamocxadebaze an masze dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesrule-
baze, mas daekisreba fuladi jarima 500 laramde odenobiT.
xelmeored arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobisas igi
iZulebiT iqneba moyvanili. iZulebiT moyvana ar anTavisu-
flebs gamoucxadeblobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan.
_ zustad da srulad Targmnos Cveneba da dokumenti.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sssk adgens Tarjimnis movaleobas
Targmanis keTilsindisierad ganxorcielebis mizniT, sssk
detalurad ar aregulirebs Tarjimnis mier nakisri mova-
leobebis Sesrulebis formas.
TarjimanTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa sakiTxi imis
Sesaxeb Tu romeli dokumentebis Targmanis movaleoba da
ra formiT unda ekisrebodes Tarjimans_ zepiri Tu weri-
lobiTi, zepiri Targmanis SemTxvevaSi Targmani unda xor-
cieledebodes sityva-sityviTi, Tu SesaZlebelia saqmeSi
arsebuli dokumentebis mokle Sinaarsis Targmna. aRniS-
nuli gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa procesis monawilis mier
saqmeSi arsebuli masalebis gacnobasTan mimarTebaSi ssk
sxvadasxa stadiebTan mimarTebaSi. sssk iTvaliswinebs mx-
olod Semajamebeli xasiaTis dokumentebis werilobiTi
Targmanis movaleobas. danarCeni dokumentebis zepiri Targ-
manis SemTxvevaSi rTulia arajerovani an arasruli, Ser-
CeviTi Targmanis faqtis mtkiceba. amasTan, ar iTvaliswinebs
arajerovnad an arasrulyofilad ganxorcielebuli Targ-
manisaTvis Tarjimnis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs. miuxedavad
imisa, rom amiT SeiZleba procesis monawiles xSir SemTx-
vevaSi miadges mniSvnelovani ziani (magaliTad braldebu-
lisaTvis mowmis Cvenebis arsebiTad araswori Targmani,
ramac ganapiroba dacvis xazis an taqtikis Secvla bral-
debulis mier). aqedan gamomdinare gansakuTrebuli mniS-
vneloba eniWeba kvalificiuri Tarjimnebis monawileobis
uzrunvelyofas. swored amitom sssk 106 muxlis iTval-
iswinebs Tarjimnis acilebis valdebulebas im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu gamovlindeba misi profesiuli arakvalificiuroba.
_ xelmoweriT daadasturos Targmanis utyuaroba misi
monawileobiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmsa da
sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, agreTve sxva saproceso doku-
mentebSi, romlebic procesis monawiles gadaecema mis
mSobliur enaze an im enaze Targmnili, romelic man icis.
302 303
ganzrax araswori TargmanisaTvis Tarjimani pasuxs agebs
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxliT.
amasTan, Tarjimani Tavisufldeba sisxlis samarTlis pa-
suxismgeblobisagan Tu winaswari gamoZiebis procesSi, anda
ganaCenis an sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde
nebayoflobiT ganacxadebs mis mier ganzrax araswori Targ-
manis Sesaxeb;
_ gamomZieblis an prokuroris nebarTvis gareSe ar
gaamJRavnos winaswari gamoZiebis masalebi, agreTve cnobebi
moqalaqeTa piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb;
_ daicvas wesrigi saqmis winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasa-
marTlo sxdomis dros.
3. Tarjimans ufleba aqvs:
_ Targmanis dasazusteblad dausvas SekiTxvebi proce-
sis monawileebs;
_ gaecnos misi monawileobiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo
moqmedebis oqms da sasamarTlo sxdomis oqms, gamoTqvas
SeniSvnebi, romlebic oqmSi unda iqnes Setanili;
_ uari Tqvas saqmis warmoebaSi monawileobaze, Tu
TargmnisaTvis saWiro codna ar gaaCnia_ procesSi monawile
pirebisatvis arakeTilsindisieri TargmniT zianis miyenebis
safrTxis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrobT es Tarjimnis mova-
leoba da ara ufleba unda iyos.
eqspertieqsperti
eqspertad piris daniSnvisaTvis igi unda akmayofilebdes
or kriteriums:
1. unda hqondes specialuri codna _ specialuri
codna moicavs da SeiZleba exebodes nebismier sferos _
mecnierebas, teqnikas, xelovnebas, xelobis calkeul saxeebs.
aRniSnuli wesi ar exeba procesis mwarmoebel subieqtebs.
eqspertiza iniSneba imisadamiuxedavad aqvs Tu ara proce-
sis mwarmoebel pirs Sesabamisi specialuri codna (magal-
iTad, Tu prokurors aqvs imavdroulad qirurgis kvali-
fikacia) an Tundac licenzia.
2. unda muSaobdes saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi an hqondes
licenzia_ eqspertizas atarebs saeqsperto anda sxva
dawesebulebis, sawarmos, organizaciis specialisti anda
sxva mcodne piri, romelsac niSnavs gamomZiebeli an proku-
rori an romelsac anazRaurebiT moiwveven mxareebi.
sasamarTlo samedicino da kriminalistikur eqspert-
izas atarebs saeqsperto dawesebulebis, gansakurebul
SemTxvevaSi ki _ sxva dawesebulebis specialisti an
kerZo piri. safinanso-sabuRaltro eqspertizas atarebs
safinanso-sabuRaltro eqsperti. safinanso-sabuRaltro
eqspertad SeiZleba dainiSnos nebismieri piri, romelsac
aqvs specialuri codna da gamocdileba safinanso an sabu-
Raltro saqmianobaSi, rac dadasturebulia Sesabamis
dargSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis damadasturebeli
sabuTiT, Sesabamisi samuSao gamocdilebiT an Sesabamisi
dokumentiT (sertifikatiT). mas ara aqvs ufleba
monawileoba miiRos ss procesSi Tu meore mxaris moTx-
ovnis sapasuxod ver waradgens misi specialuri ganaTleb-
is anda samuSao gamocdilebis damadasturebel sabuTs an
sertifikats.
konkretuli piris eqspertad daniSnvamde an konkret-
uli saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi eqspertizis daniSnvamde
procesis mwarmoebeli piri unda dawmundes rom konkre-
tuli saeqsperto kvlevis Catarebis uflebamosileba,
teqnikuri SesaZlebloba da Sesabamisi codna gaaCnia konk-
retul saeqsperto dawesebulebas an Sesabamisad konkretul
304 305
eqsperts.
miuxedavd imisa, rom sssk iTvaliswinebs eqspertizis
daniSvnas saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi eqsperti SeiZleba
iyos mxolod fizikuri piri da ara saeqsperto daweseb-
uleba an iuridiuli piri.
eqsperti aris piri, romelsac aqvs specialuri codna
mecnierebis, teqnikis, xelovnebis an xelobis dargSi da
romelic gamomZiebelma, prokurorma an sasamarTlom, bral-
debulma, damcvelma, dazaralebulma daniSna specialuri
gamokvlevis Casatareblad da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze
saWiro garemoebaTa Sesaxeb daskvnis Sesadgenad.
eqspertad SeiZleba dainiSnos nebismieri piri, romel-
sac aqvs specialuri codna, muSaobs saeqsperto daweseb-
ulebaSi an aqvs licenzia.
eqspertis daskvna ar unda scildebodes eqspertis
specialuri codnis farglebs. Sesabamisad, dauSvebelia
saeqsperto kvlevis Catareba samarTlebriv sakiTxebze
(magaliTad braleulobis Tu udanaSaulobis, kvalifikaci-
is da a.S. sakiTxebi), rac specialurad sagamoZiebo da
sasamarTlo organoebis kompetenciaa. eqsperts ara aqvs
ufleba samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis gadawyvetisa (magaliTad
msjeloba, daskvna imis Taobaze adgili hqonda mkvlelobas
Tu TviTmkvleolobas) maSinac ki Tu aseTi sakiTxi mis
winaSe iqna dasmuli procesis mwarmoebeli organos an
procesis sxva monawilis mier. mas ufleba aqvs gadawyvitos
mxolod sakiTxebi, romlebic saWiroeben specialur codnas,
magaliTad dazianeba miyenebuli iqna dazaralebulis mier
Tu sxva piris mier, gardacvalebis mizezis dadgena da a.S
xolo kvalifikaciis sakiTxs eqspertis daskvnis da sxva
mtkicebulebTa safuZvelze wyvets procesis mwarmoebeli
piri. eqspertizis daniSvnis mizani SeiZleba iyos aseve
garkveuli specialuri wesebis dacvis sakiTxis dadgena_
magaliTad samSeneblo wesebis / normativebis, sabuRaltro
aRricxvis, moZraobis usafrTxoebis da aA.S.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi eqspertis mowvevis wina-
pirobaa:
1. faqtobrivi safuZvlebi _ sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze
ukve Sekrebili mtkicebulebebi, romlebic warmoSobs raime
faqtobrivi garemoebis gadamowmebis saWiroebas da amasTan
aseTi gadamowmebisaTvis aucilebelia mecnierebis, teqnikis
xelovnebis da sxva saTanado dargis specialistis mier
Sesabamisi kvlevis Catareba (daskvna).
eqsperizis Catarebis winapiroba ar SeiZleba iyos re-
vizia. eqspertizis daniSvnisa da CatarebisTvis aucilebeli
ar aris amave sakiTxze jer reviziis Catareba, Tumca akrZa-
lulic ar aris rom jer Catardes revizia da Semdeg _
eqspertiza im pirobiT rom eqspertizis Catarebis faqto-
brivi (mtkicebulebiTi) safuZveli ar iqneba mxolod re-
viziis aqti, xolo eqspertizis mizani _ mxolod reviziis
aqtiT dadgenili garemoebebis gadamowmeba.
ss procesSi eqspertis mowvevis mizania saeqsperto
kvlevis safuZvelze saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone gare-
moebebis dadgena.
2. formaluri safuZvlebi:
_ eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb gamomZieblis, proku-
roris, mosamarTlis dadgenileba;
_ mxaris SeTanxmeba eqspertTan /saeqsperto daweseb-
ulebasTan alternatiuli eqspertizis Catarebis Sesaxeb.
eqspertis daskvnis mopovebis ufleba aqvs mxaresac.
mxaris moTxovniT eqspertiza tardeba specialuri codnis
mqone pirTan da im dawesebulebasTan SeTanxmebiT, sadac
igi muSaobs. dacvis mier Catarebul eqspertizas saxelm-
306 307
wifo ar anazRaurebs. organom, romelic process awarmoebs,
mxares unda warudginos nivTieri mtkicebulebani da
saeqsperto gamokvlevis sxva obieqtebi, garda im SemTxveve-
bisa, roca isini unda gadaeces gamomZieblis, prokuroris
an sasamarTlos mier daniSnul eqsperts. mxares ufleba
aqvs moiTxovos saeqsperto komisiis Seqmna, romlis Semad-
genlobaSic SeiZleba Sevides mis mier SeTavazebuli
eqsperti. am SemTxvevaSi mxare eqspertis daskvnas warudgens
gamomZiebels, prokurors an sasamarTlos da moiTxovs mis
monawileobas saqmis Semdgom warmoebaSi.
eqsperti valdebulia:
a) gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos
gamoZaxebiT; _ procesis mwarmoebeli organos moTxovna
eqspertad daniSnuli piris gamoZaxebis da mis mier eqsper-
tizis Catarebis Sesaxeb savaldebuloa Sesasruleblad
specialuri codnis mqone pirisatvis, aseve Sesabamisi
dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelisaTvis, sadac muSaobs es piri.
amasTan, eqspertis mier gamocxadebaze an masze dakisrebu-
li movaleobis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi mas
daekisreba fuladi jarima 500 laris odenobiT. misi xe-
lmeored arasaptio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi
igi iZulebiT iqneba moyvanili, rac mas ar anTavisuflebs
gamoucxadeblobisaTvis dakisrebuli 500 laramde odenobis
jarimis gadaxdis movaleobisagan.
b) misces Cveneba Catarebul eqspertizasTan dakavSire-
biT winaswari gamoZiebisas an sasamarTlo ganxilvis
dros;
g) misces dasabuTebuli da obieqturi werilobiTi
daskvna dasmul sakiTxebze-eqsperti daskvnas iZleva saku-
Tari saxeliT da Tavisi Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze Dda
piradad ekisreba pasuxismgebloba gacemuli daskvnis sis-
woreze. E yalbi daskvnisaTvis eqsperti pasuxs agebs
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxliT-
eqspertis Tavisufldeba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismge-
blobisagan Tu igi winaswari gamoZiebis procesSi, an gan-
aCenis an sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde
nebayoflobiT ganucxadebs mis mier yalbi daskvnis micemis
Sesaxeb procesis mwarmoebel organos.
eqsperti daskvnas adgens mis mier ganxorcielebuli
kvlevis Sedegad. eqsperti iZleva daskvnas im sakiTxebze
romelTa dasadgenad saWiroa ara mxolod specialuri
codnis qona, aramed specialuri codnis gamoyenebiT kvle-
vis Catareba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Tu sakiTxis gadasaw-
yvetad sakmarisia mxolod specialuri codna, eqspertiza
ar iniSneba da eqsperti ar moiwveva. magaliTad garkveuli
nivTierebis dnobis temperatura, avtosatransporto saSu-
alebis konkretuli markis Tavisebureba da a.S) dgindeba
ara saeqsperto kvlevis ganxorcielebis gziT, aramed Se-
sabamisi dawesebulebidan informaciis gamoTxovis an mow-
meTa dakiTxvis gziT. swored amiT gansxvavdeba eqsperti
specialistisagan.
d) kanoniT dadgenili wesiT daicvas da daabrunos kv-
levis obieqtebi;
e) procesis mwarmoebeli organos nebarTvis gareSe ar
gaamJRavnos winaswari gamoZiebis masalebi da cnobebi mo-
qalaqeTa piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb, romlebic misTvis
cnobili gaxda;
v) ganacxados TviTacileba, Tu arsebobs 106-e muxlSi
miTiTebuli safuZveli.
eqspertis mier gacemuli daskvnis obieqturobis da
miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sssk iTvaliwinebs
eqspertis acilebas im SemTxvevaSi Tu:
308 309
1. gamovlinda misi profesiuli arakompetenturoba_ Tu
gamokvlevis dawyebamde eqsperti darwmunda rom mis
winaSe dasmuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisaTvis mas ar
hyofnis codna man unda Seadginos aqti eqspertizis
Catarebis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb da gaugzavnos eqsper-
tizis damniSvnel pirs.
2. igi samsaxurebrivad an sxvagvarad aris damokidebuli
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi monawile amaTuim pirze;
3. mas naTesauri kavSiri aqvs maTTan.
eqspertis saxiT ar unda iyos mowveuli arc is piri
visac konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi monawile
pirTan piradi, samsaxurebrivi Tu sxvagvari damokideb-
ulebis gamo SeuZliaT procesis mwarmoebel organos
miawodon informacia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone gare-
moebebze da Sesabamisad SeiZleba mowveuli iqnen mowmis
saxiT. magaliTad, dazaralebulis mkurnali eqimi (mkvlelo-
bis an sxeulis dazianebis saqmeze). igi SeiZleba mowveuli
iqnes mowmed, magram miyenebuli dazianebebis xaisTis,
simZimis, maTi warmoSobis da a.S. saeqsperto kvlevisaTvis
mowveuli unda iqnes sxva piri.
rogorc wesi, eqspertTa saqmeSi mowvevamde ara aqvs
da arc unda hqondes informacia im saqmis garemoebebis
Taobaze, romelTan dakavSirebiTac awarmoebs eqspertizas.
igi am garemoebebs ecnoba saqmeSi mowvevis Semdeg da im
moculobiT rac mas sWirdeba daskvnisaTvis.
eqsperts ufleba aqvs:
a) gaecnos eqspertizisaTvis saWiro saqmis masalebs da
amoiweros saWiro cnobebi an gadaiRos aslebi;
b) moiTxovos damatebiTi masalebis wardgena_ eqsperts
ara aqvs ufleba TviTon Seagrovos kvlevis obieqtebi
da masalebi. aseTis saWiroebisas man unda ganacxados
Suamdgomloba procesis mwarmoebeli Sesabamisi piris/
organos winaSe.
g) uari Tqvas daskvnis micemaze an eqspertizis Semdgom
gagrZelebaze, Tu dasmuli sakiTxebi scildeba misi
specialuri codnis farglebs an Tu misTvis wardge-
nili masalebi sakmarisi ar aris daskvnis misacemad;
d) gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis)
nebarTviT daeswros sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebas
da dasakiTx pirebs dausvas SekiTxvebi, romlebic eqsper-
tizis sagans ganekuTvneba;
e) sasamarTlo sxdomaze monawileoba miiRos eqspertizis
sagans mikuTvnebul mtkicebulebaTa kvlevaSi da sasa-
marTlos nebarTviT SekiTxvebi dausvas dasakiTx
pirebs;
v) Camoayalibos daskvna ara marto dasmul sakiTxebze,
aramed eqspertizis sagans mikuTvnebul sxva sakiTxebze-
dac, romelTa gamoc misTvis ar dausvamT kiTxvebi;
z) Seadginos daskvna da misces Cveneba mSobliur enaze, Tu
man ar icis samarTalwarmoebis ena, isargeblos Tar-
jimnis momsaxurebiT;
T) gamomZieblis moqmedebebi da dadgenilebebi gaasaCivros
prokurorTan, xolo prokuroris moqmedeba – zemdgom
prokurorTan;
i) gaecnos sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmis im nawils, romelic
mis mier Catarebul eqspertizas exeba, da moiTxovos
masSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setana;
k) gaakeTos gancxadeba misi daskvnis araswori interpre-
taciis Sesaxeb.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi eqspertis samarTlebrivi
statusi garkveulwilad moicavs mowmis da specialistis
niSnebsac, magram imavdroulad mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba
310 311
maTgan: eqspertis dakiTxvisas marTalia masze vrcelde-
boda mowmis dakiTxvisaTvis dadgenili wesebi, magram
dakiTxvis sagani gansxvavebulia-erT SemTxvevaSi es aris
mowmisaTvis cnobili garemoebebi, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi
eqspertis mier warmoebuli kvleva. mowmis procesSi
mowveva xdeba imisaTvis rom procesis mwarmoebel organos
Seatyobinos misTvis cnobili saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
garemoebebi, eqsperti saqmesTan dakavSirebul informacias
iRebs procesis mwarmoebeli organosgan procesSi misi
mowvevis Semdeg. mowme procesis Seucvleli subieqtia,
eqsperti-ara. miuxedavad imisa, rom eqsperti iseve rogorc
specialisti specialuri codnis mqone piria, procesSi
maTi monawileobis miznebi gansxvavebulia. specialistis
mizania daxmareba aRmouCinos procesis mwarmoebel organos
mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCenaSi, damagrebaSi da demonstrire-
baSi. xolo eqspertis-saeqsperto kvlevis gziT daskvnis
micema mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxebze.
specialistispecialisti
specialisti saWiro daxmarebas uwevs gamomZiebels,
prokurorsa da sasamarTlos mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCenaSi,
damagrebasa da demonstrirebaSi. magaliTad nimuSis aReba
saeqsperto kvlevisaTvis. specialistad SeiZleba gamoiZax-
on kriminalisti, eqimi, fsiqologi, pedagogi da sxva
pirebi, romlebsac aqvT saWiro codna da Cvevebi. magaliTad
dros teqnikuri aparaturis (magnitofoni, videomagnito-
foni, foto- da video-, sxva aparatebi) gamoyenebis mizniT
SeiZleba gamoiZaxon specialist-operatori.
specialisti SeiZleba mowveul iqnes Sesabamisi dawese-
bulebidan. am SemTxvevaSi dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli
gascems gankargulebas imis Taobaze, Tu am dawesebulebis
TanamSromelTagan romeli unda gaigzavnos specialistad,
rasac acnobebs gamomZiebels, prokurors an sasamarTlos.
specialisti valdebulia:
_ gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos
gamoZaxebiT;
_ monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-
basa da sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi;
_ gamoiyenos samecniero-teqnikuri saSualebebi, spe-
cialuri codna da gamocdileba mtkicebulebaTa aRmo-
Cenisa da damagrebisaTvis;
_ gamomZieblis, prokurorisa da sasamarTlos yuradReba
miapyros garemoebebs, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmeze
WeSmaritebis dasadgenad, misces ganmartebani mis mier Ses-
rulebul moqmedebaTa gamo;
_ gamomZieblis an prokuroris nebarTvis gareSe ar
gaamJRavnos winaswari gamoZiebis masalebi, agreTve cnobebi
moqalaqeTa piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb;
_ daicvas wesrigi saqmis winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasa-
marTlo sxdomis dros.
Tu specialisti uars ityvis an Tavs aaridebs Tavis
movaleobaTa Sesrulebas arasapatio mizeziT, mas SeiZleba
daekisros fuladi saxdeli 203-e muxliT dadgenili
wesiT.
specialists ufleba aqvs:
_ gaecnos sagamoZiebo moqmedebisa da sasamarTlo ganx-
ilvis oqmebs;
_ icodes, ra mizniT gamoiZaxes igi;
_ uari ganacxados saqmeSi monawileobaze, Tu ar gaaCnia
saTanado codna;
_ oqmSi Sesatanad gaakeTos gancxadeba da SeniSvna im
312 313
saproceso moqmedebaze, romlis CatarebaSic igi monawileob-
da;
_ gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis nebarTviT
SekiTxvebi dausvas sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebasa da
sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawile pirebs;
_ mowmesTan SedarebiT eqsperts sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi ufro aqtiuri procesualuri mdgomareoba ukavia.
Mmas ufleba aqvs gaecnos gaecnos sagamoZiebo moqmedebisa
da sasamarTlo ganxilvis oqmebs
sssk iTvalisiwnebs specialistis acilebis safuZvlebs,
romlis Tanaxmad, specialists ufleba ara aqvs monawileo-
ba miiRos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, roca:
_ samsaxurebrivad an sxvagvarad damokidebulia saqmeSi
monawile ama Tu im pirze an/da naTesauri urTierToba aqvs
masTan.
_ Tu gamovlindeba maTi profesiuli arakompetentur-
oba.
damswredamswre
sssk 44-e muxlis Tanaxmad damswre aris eWvmitanilis,
braldebulis an gansasjelis, aseve sss kodeqsiT pirdapir
dadgenil SemTxvevebSi mowveuli piri.
procesSi damswris saxiT mosawvevi piris SerCevis
ufleba eniWeba eWvnitanils, braldebls, gansasjels, aseve
pirs romelic ar aris eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasa-
jeli, magram SeiZleba Seexos Sesabamisi sagamoZiebo moq-
medeba (magaliTad Cxreka, amoReba) maT ufleba aqvT uari
ganacxadon damswris mowvevaze.
damswre ar SeiZleba SerCeuli iqnes procesis mwar-
moebeli piris mier. damswred ar SeiZleba mowveuli iqnes
is piri, romelsac sssk miniWebuli aqvs ufleba ar misces
Cveneba eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis sawinaaRm-
degod. kerZod, mSobeli, Svilad mayvani, da, Zma, Svili,
Svilobili, papa, bebia, SviliSvili, meuRle (ganqorwineb-
ulic).
damswre moiwveva Cxrekis, amoRebis an SemTxvevis adgi-
lis daTvalierebis Catarebis faqtis, mimdinareobisa da
Sedegebis dasadastureblad, agreTve sssk pirdapir dadge-
nil SemTxvevebSi.
eWvmitanils, braldebuls an gansasjels Sesabamisi
sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dawyebamde moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi,
damswris mosawvevad miecema gonivruli vada, magram aranak-
leb erTi saaTisa. magram gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi, Tundac
piri iTxovdes damswris mowvevas, sagamoZiebo moqmedebis
Catareba SesaZlebelia damswris gareSe. aseT SemTxvevaSi
sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmSi unda aRiniSnos rom piri iTx-
ovda damswris mowvevas, magram mas uari eTqva gadaudebeli
aucileblobis safuZvliT. sssk gadaudebeli aucileblobis
SemTxvevebs akuTvnebs viTarebas, rodesac arsebobs:
_ adamianis sicocxlis xelyofis;
_ adamianis janmrTelobis xelyofis;
_ mtkicebulebaTa dazianeba-ganadgurebis;
_ mtkicebulebaTa gadamalvis realuri safrTxe; an
_ sss kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxveveb-
Si.
safrTxis aRmofxvrisTanave eWvmitanili da braldebu-
li, kvlav sargebloben damswris mowvevis uflebiT. magal-
iTad Cxrekis/amoRebis SemTxvevaSi _ Sesabamisi sagnis da-
Zebnvis da amoRebis Semdeg sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmSi
kvlav unda dafiqsirdes piris pozicia damswris mowvevas-
Tan dakavSirebiT.
314 315
damswre valdebulia:
_ monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-
baSi;
_ sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmze xelmoweriT daadas-
turos am moqmedebis Catarebis faqti, misi mimdinareoba
da Sedegebi;
_ gamomZieblis an prokuroris nebarTvis gareSe ar
gaamJRavnos winaswari gamoZiebis masalebi.
Tu damswre uars ityvis an Tavs aaridebs Tavis mova-
leobaTa Sesrulebas arasapatio mizeziT, mas SeiZleba
daekisros fuladi jarima 500 laramde odenobiT. damswre
SeiZleba daikiTxos, rogorc mowme, im sagamoZiebo moqmede-
bis CatarebasTan dakavSirebul garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romel-
Sic igi monawileobda. am SemTxvevaSi mas aqvs mowmis
ufleba-movaleobebi magram mowmisagan gansxvavebiT.
damswres ufleba aqvs:
_ monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-
baSi;
_ gaakeTos gancxadeba sagamoZiebo moqmedebis gamo da
gamoTqvas SeniSvna, romelic oqmSi unda iqnes Setanili;
_ gaecnos misi monawileobiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo
moqmedebis oqms.
$11. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis $11. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis
gamomricxavi garemoebani. acilebagamomricxavi garemoebani. acileba
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi im garemoebebis arseboba,
romlebic gamoricxaven procesSi garkveuli subieqtebis
monawileobas _ uzrunvelyofen sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
srulyofilad, yovelmxriv da obieqturad gamoZiebas da
sasamarTloSi ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 105-e muxlis Ta-
naxmad: `mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli an sasa-
marTlo sxdomis mdivani monawileobas ver miiRebs sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, Tu qvemoT CamoTvlili ga-
remoebebidan erT-erTi mainc aris saxeze. magaliTad:
a) igi ar iyo Tanamdebobaze daniSnuli an arCeuli
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT; aq igulisxmeba is garemoeba,
rodesac mosamarTles, prokurors, gamomZiebels ar hqonda
umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba, ar CaubarebiaT sakvali-
fikacio gamocdebi, an ar floben saxelmwifo enas. daniS-
nuli an arCeuli iyvnen arakompetenturi organos an pire-
bis mier, mosamarTles an gnebavT prokurors gauvidaT
uflebamosilebis vada da a.S. rac Seexeba sasamarTlo sx-
domis mdivans, misi monawileoba gamoiricxeba sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesSi Tu igi ar aris daniSnuli kompetenturi
Tanamdebobis piris mier (Sesabamisi sasamarTlos Tavmjdo-
mare).
b) saqme ar aris am prokuroris an gamomZieblis qvemde-
bare anda sasamarTlos gansjadi; aq saubaria garemoebaze,
rodesac sisxlis samarTlis saqme qvemdabarea prokuraturis
gamomZieblis, magaliTad: sisxlis samarTlis saqme saqarT-
velos prezidentis mier Cadenili danaSaulis Taobaze, an
saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris mier Cadenili danaSaulis
316 317
Taobaze, an saqarTvelos mTavrobis wevris mier Cadenili
danaSaulis Taobaze da a.S. da masze gamoZiebas daiwyebs
saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros an saqarTvelos ius-
ticiis saministros sagamoZiebo danayofis gamomZiebeli, aseve
saproceso xelmZRvanelobas ganaxorcielebs is prokurori,
romelic ar iyo uflebamosili aRniSnul saqmeze yofiliyo
prokurori. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadia
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi mis samoqmedo teritoriaze
Cadenil yvela kategoriis danaSaulze. magaliTad, danaSauli,
romelic moxda siRnaRis raionis teritoriaze, sisxlis
samarTlis saqme unda ganixilos siRnaRis raionis sasamarT-
lom da ara gurjaanis raionis sasamarTlom da a.S.
g) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi ver miiRebs
monawileobas mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasa-
marTlo sxdomis mdivani, Tu isini mocemul saqmeSi
monawileoben an winaT monawileobdnen, rogorc eWvmita-
nili, braldebuli, damcveli, dazaralebuli, samoqalaqo
mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe, eqsperti, specialisti,
Tarjimani, damswre, mowme, anda braldebulis, eWvmitanilis,
dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mo-
pasuxis kanonieri warmomadgeneli. kanonmdeblis aRniSnuli
akrZalva ver miiRos mosamarTlem, prokurorma, gamomZie-
belma, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivanma sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi monawileoba (e.i. ganxorcieldes maTi acileba), Tu
isini aRniSnuli CamonaTvalis romelime saxiT iReben an
iRebdnen monawileobas saqmeSi misaRebia, ramdenadac igi
nasazrdoebia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis miukerZoeblad
gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi ganxilvis interesebiT.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi garantirebuli unda iyos
mosamarTlis damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba marTlm-
sajulebis ganxorcielebis dros, amave dros Tavisi sap-
roceso saqmianobis dros miukerZoebloba da obieqturoba
unda SeinarCunon prokurormac, gamomZiebelmac, sasamarTlo
sxdomis mdivanmac. nebismieri garemoeba, romelic eWvis qveS
ayenebs zemoT xsenebuli pirebis miukerZoeblobas, obieq-
turobas, safuZveli unda gaxdes maTi acilebisa, sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis warmoebidan Camocilebisa.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi principulad miuRebelia
procesis romelime monawilem, mniSvneloba ara aqvs es
iqneba mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo
sxdomis mdivani SeiTavsos sxvadasxva saproceso roli. ase
magaliTad, Tu piri monawileobs an winaT monawileobda
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, rogorc eqsperti, special-
isti, an dazaralebuli, samoqalaqo mosarCele an samo-
qalaqo mopasuxe da a.S. is imave saqmeze ver iqneba gamomZie-
beli da veRar ganaxorcielebs gamoZiebis funqcias, aseve,
ver iqneba prokurori da veRar ganaxorcielebs sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis funqcias, iseve rogorc, ver iqneba
mosamarTle da ver ganaxorcielebs marTlmsajulebas, aseve,
ver iqneba mocemul saqmeze sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivanic.
ufro metic, Tu piri Semswre iyo danaSaulis faqtisa,
magram igi ar daukiTxavT rogorc mowme, mas ar SeuZlia
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze iyos gamomZiebeli,
prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani, imi-
tom, rom rCeba albaToba imisa, gamoiZaxon da dakiTxon,
mowmis statusiT.
d) mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo
sxdomis mdivani ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
warmoebaSi monawileobas (moxdeba acileba) Tu mas aqvs
naTesauri, megobruli an sxva axlobluri urTierToba
saqmis mwarmoebel Tanamdebobis pirTan an saqmeSi monawile
eWvmitanilTan, braldebulTan, damcvelTan, dazaralebul-
318 319
Tan, samoqalaqo mosarCelesTan, samoqalaqo mopasuxesTan,
eqspertTan, specialistTan, TarjimanTan, damswresTan,
mowmesTan, anda braldebulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebu-
lis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis, samoqalaqo mopasuxis kanon-
ier warmomadgenelTan. aseve, Tu naTesauri an sxva ax-
lobluri erTierToba aqvT erTmaneTSi sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi monawile mosamarTles, prokurors, gamomZiebels,
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivans. naTesauri kavSiris arseboba
zemoT CamoTvlil subieqtebs Soris seriozuli safuZvelia
imisaTvis, rom eWvi gaCndes mosamarTlis, prokuroris,
gamomZieblis, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis miukerZoebloba-
Si, obieqturobaSi. miuxedavad imisa, isini Sinaganad Sei-
Zleba sulac ar fiqrobdnen saqmis mikerZoebulad gadaw-
yvetas. kanonmdeblis mxridan naTesaoba farTodaa gagebuli,
igi ar aris SezRuduli axlo naTesavebis wriT. masSi
moiazreba nebismieri xarisxis naTesauri kavSiri.
mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, sasamarTlo
sxdomis mdivnis mimarT, rodesac eWvi Cndeba maTi miuker-
Zoeblobisa da obieqturobis Sesaxeb, megobruli an sxva
axlobluri urTierTobis gamo, acilebis (TviTacilebis)
sakiTxi moiTxovs gansakuTrebul dasabuTebas. megobrul
urTierTobaSi naTelia rac igulisxmeba, sxva axloblur
urTierTobaSi igulisxmeba zemoT aRniSnul subieqtebs
Soris xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi ojaxebiT axlob-
loba, an saswavlo dawesebulebaSi erTad swavla da a.S.
e) aris sxva garemoebebi, romlebic eWvs badebs mosa-
marTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, sasamarTlo sxdomis
mdivnis obieqturobasa da miukerZoeblobaSi. aseTi gare-
moebebi SeiZleba uamravi iyos, Znelia maTi amomwuravad
CamoTvla. garkveul maTganze SeiZleba gakeTdes aqcenti.
magaliTad, es SeiZleba iyos saqmeSi monawile pirisadmi
mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, sasamarTlo sx-
domis mdivnis nacnoboba, amxanagoba, an piriqiT mtruli
damokidebuleba (warsulSi mosamarTles konfliqti hqonda
saqmeSi monawile dazaralebulTan, an saqmeSi monawile
prokurors da imave saqmeSi braldebul pirovnebas erTi
gogo uyvardaT da is gogo colad gahyva braldebuls da
a.S.). TavianTi saproceso saqmianobis dros mosamarTles,
prokurors, gamomZiebels, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivans
sifrTxile marTebT. ase magaliTad, marTlmsajulebis in-
teresebidan gamomdinare, mosamarTlem sasamarTloSi saqmis
ganxilvis dros Tavi unda Seikavos yovelgvari Sefasebe-
bisagan da daskvnebisagan, raTa romelime mxares safuZveli
ar gauCndes mosamarTle miiCnios araobieqturad da miuk-
erZoeblad. Tu mosamarTle sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi
ganxilvis dros akeTebs daskvnebs, iZleva Sefasebebs, es
usaTuod gaxdeba misi acilebis safuZveli.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
105-e muxlis meore da mesame nawilSi kanonmdebeli sau-
brobs kidev iseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelTa arsebobis
SemTxvevaSidac mosamarTle monawileobas ver miiRebs sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi. kerZod ki, Tu mosa-
marTle winaT monawileobas iRebda sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis warmoebaSi, rogorc gamomZiebeli, prokurori an
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani, es ukve safuZvelia imisa, rom
man imave saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileoba ver miiRos (moxdes
acileba an TviTacileba), rogorc mosamarTlem.
aseve, Tu mosamarTle monawileobda pirveli instanci-
is sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiT ganx-
ilvaSi, igi monawileobas ver miiRebs meore instanciis
sasamarTloSi an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa da axlad
gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo imave saqmis ganxilvaSi.
320 321
zemoT aRniSnuli miTiTebebi, romelTa arsebobis SemTx-
vevaSi mosamarTle monawileobas ver iRebs sisxlis samar-
Tlis ganxilvaSi, nakarnaxevia saqmis miukerZoeblad ganx-
ilvis interesebiT. saqme imaSia, rom Tu mosamarTlem
gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT
erTxel mainc gamoTqva Tavisi Sexeduleba, met-naklebad
erTguli rCeba winandeli Sexedulebisa gadasawyvet sakiTx-
Tan dakavSirebiT. aris pirovnuli momentic, xSirad adami-
ans uWirs Secdomis aRiareba.
Tumca garkveul SemTxvevaSi, kanonmdebeli SesaZleblad
miiCnevs mosamarTlis monawileobas erTsa da imave sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis ganxilvaSi. magaliTad, mosamarTlem
monawileoba miiRo saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganxilvaSi, es
garemoeba ar gamoricxavs mis monawileobas imave saqmis
ganxilvaSi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos did pal-
ataSi. aseve, mosamarTlis monawileobas sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis ganxilvaSi ver Seabrkolebs (ar iqneba acileba,
TviTacilebis safuZveli) is garemoeba, Tu imave saqmeze
winaswari gamoZiebisas gadawyvita braldebulis mimarT
sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebis
gamoyenebis sakiTxi (mag. dapatimrebis, giraos da a.S.), an
sasamarTlo kontrols daqvemdebarebuli sagamoZiebo moq-
medebebis (Cxreka, amoReba, sacxovrebeli binis an sxva
mflobelobis daTvaliereba) Casatareblad gasca nebarTva
(brZaneba). igulisxmeba, rom zemoT xsenebuli sakiTxebis
gadawyvetisas mosamarTle saqmes arsebiTad ar ganixilavs,
ar gamoTqvams azrs konkretuli piris braluelobis Ses-
axeb.
prokurorTan mimarTebaSi kanonmdebeli saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 105-e muxlis
meoTxe nawilSi SeniSnavs, rom: `prokuroris mier Tavisi
funqciebis ganxorcieleba samarTalwarmoebis arc erT
stadiaze ar abrkolebs am saqmeSi mis Semdgom monawileobas~,
rac sworia da logikuri. ramdenadac prokurori konkre-
tul pirovnebas usabuTebs ra wardgenil braldebas, ga-
naxorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis funqcias, mas
mosamarTlis msgavsad ar moeTxoveba gaurbodes sakuTari
azrebis gamoTqmas saqmis saboloo gadawyvetamde. mTavaria,
rom braldebis Taobaze sakuTari azris gamoTqmis dros,
prokurori xelmZRvanelobdes arabraleulobis (udanaSau-
lobis) prezumfciis principiT.
rac Seexeba gamomZiebels, igi monawileobas ver miiRebs
im saqmis warmoebaSi, romelic mis mier iqna gamoZiebuli
da dabrunda damatebiTi gamoZiebisaTvis, Tu amas ganCinebiT
(dadgenilebiT) aucileblad miiCnevs sasamarTlo (mosa-
marTle), an Tu aseT gadawyvetilebas miiRebs prokurori.
gamomZiebels Tavisi saproceso mdgomareobidan gamomdinare
SeuZlia sakmaod didi zemoqmedeba moaxdinos sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmis gamoZiebis mimdinareobaze da Sedegze, ami-
tom misi obieqturobisa da miukerZoeblobis SesanarCune-
blad gamomZieblis acilebis institutis arseboba mniS-
vnelovani saproceso garantiaa gamoZiebisa da saerTod
sisxlis samarTlis procesis kanonierad warmoebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
106-e muxli gvawodebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi eqspertis,
specialistis an Tarjimnis monawileobis gamomricxvel ga-
remoebebs. eqsperti an specialisti ver miiRebs monawileobas
(misi acilebis, TviTacilebis safuZveli iqneba) sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, roca igi samsaxurebrivad an
sxvagvarad damokidebulia saqmeSi monawile ama Tu im pirze
an/da naTesauri urTierToba aqvs masTan. aqve SeiZleba dauma-
toT, rom eqspertis acilebis safuZveli unda gaxdes isic,
322 323
rodesac eqspertizas atarebs im saeqsperto dawesebulebis
eqsperti, romlis xelmZRvanelic dainteresebulia sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis mimdinareobiT. eqspertis, specialistis
acilebis safuZvelia isic, Tu gamovlindeba maTi profesi-
uli arakompetenturoba.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ver miiRebs monawileobas
safinanso-sabuRaltro eqsperti, Tu meore mxaris moTxovnis
sapasuxod is ver waradgens misi specialuri ganaTlebis
an/da samuSao gamocdilebis damadasturebel sabuTs an
Sesabamis dokuments (sertifikats). am SemTxvevaSi, safin-
anso-sabuRaltro eqspertis daskvna da Cveneba dauSvebel
mtkicebulebad CaiTvleba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 111-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `g~
qvepunqtis safuZvelze.
pirisaTvis, romelic Cabmulia sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi, Znelia daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanonieri in-
teresebi, rodesac ar icis an saTanadod ar icis samar-
Talwarmoebis ena. aqedan gamomdinare naTlad Cans, ramdenad
mniSvnelovania Tarjimnis mxridan Tavisi movaleobis
keTilsindisierad Sesruleba. saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis meore nawili
procesis monawiles aZlevs SesaZleblobas Tu gamovlin-
deba Tarjimnis profesiuli arakompetenturoba ganaxor-
cielos misi acileba. kargi iqneboda kanonmdebels Tar-
jimnis acilebis safuZvlad, aseve daesaxelebina Tarjimnis
dainteresebuloba saqmis SedegiT. ra Tqma unda Tarjimnis
acilebis (TviTacilebis) safuZvelia Tu igi saTanadod ar
flobs enas.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
107-e muxli iTvaliswinebs damcvelis, dazaralebulis,
samoqalaqo mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomad-
genlis acilebis safuZvlebs. kerZod ki, naTqvamia, rom
xsenebuli pirebi ver miiReben monawileobas sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, Tu:
a) romelime maTgani winaT monawileobda imave saqmeSi,
rogorc mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo
sxdomis mdivani, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani
an damswre;
b) romelime maTgans naTesauri urTierToba aqvs mosa-
marTlesTan, prokurorTan, gamomZiebelTan, an sasamarTlo
sxdomis mdivanTan, romelic monawileobda an monawileobs
am saqmis gamoZiebasa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi, anda pir-
Tan, romlis interesebic ewinaaRmdegeba procesis im
monawilis interesebs da romelmac masTan dado SeTanx-
meba iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb;
g) romelime maTgans ukavia mosamarTlis, prokuroris
an gamomZieblis Tanamdeboba, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca
igi Sromisuunaro piris kanonieri warmomadgenelia, anda
roca dawesebuleba, romelSic igi muSaobs, cnobilia samo-
qalaqo mosarCeled an samoqalaqo mopasuxed da is am
dawesebulebis warmomadgenlad gamodis;
d) romelime maTgani daxmarebas uwevs an winaT uwevda
pirs, romlis intresebic ewinaaRmdegeba mis mier dasacavi
braldebulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo
mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis interesebs, romlis
warmomadgenelic is aris;
e) dasacavi piri (marwmunebeli) uars ambobs dacvaze
(warmomadgenlobaze) da uari miRebulia.
damcveli, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis,
samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgeneli icavs ra Tavisi
klientis (dasacavi piris, marwmuneblis) kanonier inter-
esebs, uwevs mas kvalificirebul iuridiul daxmarebas,
324 325
moeTxoveba iyos obieqturi da garkveulwilad Tavisu-
falic. am TavisuflebaSi igulisxmeba is, rom damcveli da
zemoT dasaxelebuli subieqtebis warmomadgeneli SeboWili
ar unda iyos mis mier dasacavi eWvmitanilis, braldebulis,
dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis, samoqalaqo mopa-
suxis mowinaaRmdege mxaris interesebiT. ase magaliTad,
damcveli, romelmac ikisra valdebuleba sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi daicvas braldebulis kanonieri interesebi, gamov-
linda rom, igi aris amave saqmeSi dazaralebulis biZaS-
vili, an/da amave sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze dazaralebuls
uwevs an winaT uwevda iuridiul daxmarebas. xsenebuli
garemoebebi damcvels warmoaCens, saproceso saqmianobaSi
SeboWilad da araobieqturad. saboloo jamSi ki, yovelive
es Searyevs ndobis faqtors damcvelsa da mis dasacav
pirovnebas Soris. gaCndeba bzari, eWvi maT urTierTobaSi,
rac gaxdeba damcvelis acilebis safuZveli.
acilebisa da TviTacilebis gancxadebisa acilebisa da TviTacilebis gancxadebisa
da gadawyvetis wesida gadawyvetis wesi
Tuki saxeze iqneba mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZie-
blis, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis, eqspertis, specialis-
tis, Tarjimnis, damcvelis, samoqalaqo mosarCelisa da
samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgenlebis sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi monawileobis gamomricxavi garemoebani valdeb-
ulni arian ganacxadon TviTacileba. TviTacileba gancxa-
debuli unda iyos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis
nebismier etapze, rodesac pirisTvis cnobili gaxdeba im
garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelic ukrZalavs sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmeSi monawileobas. Tu zemoT CamoTvlili pirebi
ar ganacxadeben TviTacilebas, maSin maT acilebas moiTxoven
saqmeSi monawile pirebi. procesis mwarmoebel pirebsac
aqvT ufleba, miscen erTmaneTs acileba. gancxadeba ac-
ilebis Sesaxeb unda iyos dasabuTebuli. e.i. miTiTebuli
unda iyos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaT-
valiswinebul garemoebaze, romelic gamoricxavs piris
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi monawileobas da es garemoeba
iyos axsnili. pirs, romelsac acileba ganucxades ufleba
aqvs acilebis sakiTxis ganxilvamde misces ganmarteba. mo-
cemuli msjelobidan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
sisxlis samarTlis procesi icnobs saqmisagan piris
Camocilebis or gzas: TviTacilebasTviTacilebas da acilebas.acilebas.
modiT ganvixiloT, rogoria mosamarTlis acilebis wesi.
am wesis Sesaxeb informacias gvaZlevs saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 108-e muxlis meoTxe nawili.
saidanac vgebulobT, rom: Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmes
erTpirovnulad ganixilavs mosamarTle da mas ganucxades
acileba, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets TviTonve, saqmis ganmx-
ilveli mosamarTle. acilebis gancxadebis dakmayofilebis
SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle saqmes gadascems sasamarTlos Tav-
mjdomares, romelic saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems sxva
mosamarTles. Tu acileba misces im sasamarTlos mosa-
marTles, sadac ar aris am saqmis ganmxilveli sxva mosa-
marTle, sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare saqmes gadaugzavnis
zemdgom sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares. xolo im SemTxvevaSi
ki, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs mosa-
marTleTa kolegiuri Semadgenloba da acileba ganucxades
romelime mosamarTles, misi acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten
danarCeni mosamarTleebi im mosamarTlis dauswreblad,
romelsac acileba misces. aris SemTxveva, roca acilebas
ganucxadeben mosamarTleTa umravlesobas an sasamarTlos
mTel Semadgenlobas. am dros acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets
326 327
sasamarTlo mTeli SemadgenlobiT, xmebis umravlesobiT.
sasamarTlo praqtika icnobs SemTxvevas, rodesac ac-
ilebas aZleven raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mTel
Semadgenlobas. am dros sisxlis samarTlis saqme, imave
donis sxva sasamarTloSi warmarTvis sakiTxis gadasaw-
yvetad, gadaecema Sesabamisi saapelacio sasamarTlos Tav-
mjdomares, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sesvlidan
5 dReSi wyvets aRniSnul sakiTxs.
Tu acilebis safuZvlebi gamovlindeba, acileba SeiZle-
ba gamoecxados saapelacio sasamarTlos mTel Semadgen-
lobasac. aseT SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarTlis saqme, imave
donis sxva sasamarTloSi warmarTvis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad
gadaecema saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares,
romelic sakiTxs gadawyvets saqmis Sesvlidan 5 dRis gan-
mavlobaSi.
Tuki gamovlindeba sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis ac-
ilebis safuZvlebi, mas acileba SeiZleba misces procesis
nebismierma monawilem. misi acilebis sakiTxi Semdegnairad
gadawydeba: a) Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs
mosamarTleTa kolegiuri Semadgenloba, sasamarTlo sx-
domis mdivnis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets sasamarTlo
mTeli SemadgenlobiT, xmebis umravlesobiT; b) Tu sisxlis
samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs mosamarTle erTpirovnulad,
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets
saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle.
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze procesis monawileTa
mxridan Tu daisva sakiTxi gamomZieblis acilebis Taobaze,
misi acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets prokurori, romelic
winaswar gamoZiebaSi monawileobs, rogorc saproceso xe-
lmZRvaneli. gamomZiebeli damoukideblad ar wyvets mis
mimarT gancxadebuli acilebis sakiTxs. Tu uSualod masTan
Sevida Suamdgomloba misi acilebis Sesaxeb, igi valdebu-
lia Suamdgomloba gadasawyvetad gadaugzavnos prokurors.
TviT prokuroris mimarT micemuli acilebis sakiTxs gad-
awyvets zemdgomi prokurori, xolo sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas prokuroris acilebis
sakiTxs gadawyvets is sasamarTlo Semadgenloba (mosa-
marTle), romelic saqmes ganixilavs.
rac Seexeba winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze Suamdgom-
lobis ganxilvas eqspertis, specialistis, Tarjimnis,
damcvelis, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis, samo-
qalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgenlebis acilebis Sesaxeb gad-
awyvets saproceso xelmZRvanelobis ganmaxorcielebeli
prokurori. xolo sasamarTlo sxdomaze aRniSnul pirTa
acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets is sasamarTlo Semadgenloba
(mosamarTle), romelic ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis
saqmes.
amasTan erTad unda gvaxsovdes, rom winaswari gamoZie-
bis stadiaze gancxadebuli acilebis sakiTxi prokurorma
unda gadawyvitos Suamdgomlobis Setanidan 24 saaTis gan-
mavlobaSi. gancxadebuli acilebis dakmayofilebis an dak-
mayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, mas gamoaqvs dadgenile-
ba.
sasamarTlo sxdomaze gancxadebuli acilebis sakiTxi
wydeba dauyovnebliv. sasamarTlo Semadgenloba (mosamar-
Tle) uflebamosilia Suamdgomloba acilebis Taobaze
gadawyvitos rogorc adgilze TaTbiriT (gadawyvetileba
Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi), aseve saTaTbiro
oTaxSi. sasamarTlo Semadgenlobas acilebis dakmayofileb-
is an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs ganCine-
ba, xolo mosamarTles dadgenileba.
328 329
$12. $12. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa
dacvis specialuri RonisZiebanidacvis specialuri RonisZiebani
saqarTvelos moqmedi konstitucia amkvidrebs adamianis,
moqalaqis, pirovnebis primats da misi sicocxlis, janm-
rTelobis, pativisa da Rirsebis dacvas, misi xelSeuxeblo-
bisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas aniWebs prioritets
da miiCnevs umaRles socialur Rirebulebad.
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis sferoSi samarT-
lebrivi saxelmwifos ideis realizacia gulisxmobs iseTi
zogad-sakacobrio principebis danergvas saproceso kanon-
mdeblobaSi, rogoricaa humanizmi, adamianis uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis dacva, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi
2005 wlis 16 dekembers Setanili cvlilebebiT (kodeqss
daemata XIV 1 Tavi) pirvelad iqna SemoRebuli procesis
monawileTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis instituti.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa usafrTxoe-
bis uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens samarTlebrivi, orga-
nizaciul-teqnikuri da sxva RonisZiebebis erTobliobas,
romlebic mimarTulia aRniSnul pirTa sicocxlis, janm-
rTelobis, saxovrebeli binis, qonebis, pativisa da Rirse-
bis dasacavad marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisagan im mizniT,
raTa Seiqmnas aucilebeli pirobebi marTlmsajulebis sa-
Tanadod ganxorcielebisaTvis.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa usafrTxoe-
bis uzrunvelyofis specialuri RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis
safuZvels warmoadgens informacia, cnobebi, faqtobrivi
monacemebi, romlebic adastureben maTi sicocxlis, janm-
rTelobis an qonebis mimarT realuri muqaris arsebobas.
gadawyvetilebas procesis monawilis mimarT dacvis
specialuri RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Rebulobs
sasamarTlo da prokurori.
kanonSi or jgufad aris CamoTvlili dacvis special-
uri RonisZiebebis saxeebi imisda mixedviT, Tu vin Rebulobs
gadawyvetilebas misi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 109 1-e,
muxlis Tanaxmad mosamarTle uflebamosilia gamoiyenos
procesis monawileTa dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebis
Semdegi saxeebi:
a) sajaro reestridan an sxva sajaro xasiaTis Canaw-
eridan dazaralebulis an mowmis amocnobis da identi-
fikaciis SesaZleblobis Semcveli monacemebis, kerZod,
saxelis, gvaris, misamarTis, samuSao adgilis, profesiis
an sxva Sesabamisi informaciis Secvla an amoReba.
sajaro reestridan gaicema amonaweri sacxovrebeli
binis an miwis nakveTis sakuTrebaSi daregistrirebasTan
dakavSirebiT, gaicema mesakuTris mowmoba. sxva sajaro
xasiaTis Canawerad SeiZleba CaiTvalos magaliTad, sakre-
bulos sxdomis oqmi.
aRniSnuli dacvis RonisZieba gulisxmobs dasaxelebul
dokumentebSi ara namdvili saxelis, gvaris, misamarTis,
samuSao adgilis, profesiis, an sxva informaciis Setanas,
aramed maT Secvlas. amasTan SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli mo-
nacemebi saerTod ar iyos miTiTebuli, anu iyos amoReb-
uli.
b) dazaralebulis an mowmis amocnobisa da identi-
ficirebis SesaZleblobis Semcveli saproceso da agreTve
zemoTdasaxelebul `a~ qvepunqtSi gaTvaliswinebuli do-
kumentis gasaidumloeba.
dazaralebulis an mowmis amocnobisa da identificire-
bis SesaZleblobis Semcvel saproceso dokumentad SeiZle-
330 331
ba CaiTvalos yvela sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso moqmede-
baTa oqmebi, sadac mowme da dazaralebuli monawileobas
Rebulobda, sadac aris miTiTebuli maTi anketuri monace-
mebi, magaliTad, daTvalierebis oqmi, amocnobis oqmi, Semow-
mebis oqmi, dakiTxvis oqmi da a.S. agreTve sasamarTlo sx-
domis oqmi, gasaidumloeba gulisxmobs imas, rom aRniSnuli
dokumentebi nebismieri pirisaTvis unda gaxdes xelmiuwv-
domeli da ar unda moxdes maTi gacnoba, maT wardgena
procesis monawileebisaTvis.
dasacavi piris mimarT monacemebis konfidencialurobis
uzrunvelyofis mizniT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasx-
va RonisZiebebi. kerZod, amocnoba SeiZleba Catardes amom-
cnobis mier amosacnobis vizualuri dakvirvebis gareSe,
sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoZaxebul pirTa siaSi dasacavi
piris namdvili anketuri monacemebi ar iyos Setanili,
dasacavi piris gamoZaxeba procesis mwarmoebel organoSi
ganxorcieldes gamonaklisis saxiT im organos meSveobiT,
romelic usafrTxoebis RonisZiebas ganaxorcielebs.
amasTan erTad, konfidencialuria da gasaidumloebas
eqvemdebareba dasacavi piris Sesaxeb cnobebi, romelic
gaicema cnobaTa biuros mier, sapasporto samsaxuris, sa-
patrulo policiis mier, satelefono sadgurebis sacno-
baro samsaxurebis mier da sxva saxelmwifo sainformacio
sacnobaro samsaxurebis mier. amitom aRniSnul samsaxurebs
droebiT unda aekrZalos dasacavi piris mimarT cnobebis
gacema. aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonSi saubaria zemoTaRniSnuli
dokumentebis gasaidumloebaze vadis miuTiTeblad, rac
arasworad migvaCnia, radgan aRniSnuli dokumentebis gasaid-
umloeba unda moxdes droebiT da ara samudamod.
g) fsevdonimis miniWeba
imisaTvis, raTa procesis monawilis vinaoba ar gax-
maurdes SesaZlebelia mas mieniWos fsevdonimi da yvela
sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso moqmedebebSi procesis
monawilem monawileoba miiRos ara namdvili saxeliTa da
gvariT, aramed fsevdonimis miTiTebiT.
dasacavi piris saqmeSi fsevdonomiT monawileobis Ses-
axeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs motivirebuli dadgenileba.
Semdgom saproceso dokumentebSi mieTiTeba mxolod fsev-
donimi.
rac Seexeba procesis monawilis namdvil saxels, gvars,
mamis saxels, dabadebis wels, Tvesa da ricxvs, dabadebis
adgils, ojaxur mdgomareobas, samuSao adgils, saqmianobis
saxes an Tanamdebobas, sacxovrebel adgils da sxva anketur
monacemebs, romlebic Seicaven piris Sesaxeb informacias,
maTi miTiTeba savaraudod unda moxdes calke gamotanil
dadgenilebaSi anketuri monacemebis Secvlis Sesaxeb. es
dadgenileba ar unda daerTos saqmis masalebs, aramed
calke unda inaxebodes saqmis mwarmoebel organoSi.
dasacavi piris saxelisa da gvaris fsevdonimiT Secv-
lisas saqmis masalebidan unda iyos amoRebuli sagamoZiebo
moqmedebaTa oqmebi da sxva dokumentebi, sadac aRniSnulia
monacemebi misi vinaobis Sesaxeb, saqmis masalebs ki unda
daerTos aRniSnuli dokumentebis aslebi, sadac dasacavi
piris gvari da saxeli Secvlilia fsevdonimiT.
d) marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisagan fizikuri dacvis
specialuri RonisZieba.
es RonisZieba gulisxmobs, upirveles yovlisa, pirad
dacvas, sacxovrebeli binis da qonebis dacvis uzrunve-
lyofas. dasacavi piris sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis
safrTxis arsebobisas unda iyos gamoyenebuli individua-
luri dacvis specialuri saSualebebi, maT Soris muqaris
xarisxisa da simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba gamoyo-
332 333
fili iyos iaraRi. amasTan, dasacavi piris sacxovrebel
binaSi SesaZlebelia ganTavsebuli iyos xanZarsawinaaRmdego
da dacvis signalizacia. aseve, SesaZlebelia Seicvalos
misi binis telefonis nomeri da mis kuTvnil satrans-
porto saSualebaze arsebuli saxelmwifo sanomre niSne-
bi.
dasacavi piris mimarT Tavdasxmis an sxva marTlsawi-
naaRmdego qmedebis Cadenis Sesaxeb muqaris arsebobisas misi
gancxadebis safuZvelze an misi werilobiTi TanxmobiT
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes satelefono da sxva saubrebis
mosmena da xmis Cawera. cxadia, mosmena unda ganxorcieldes
moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis dacviT sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilebiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros,
kanonis Tanaxmad, dauSvebelia sasamarTloSi procesis
monawilis dakiTxva misi vinaobis gasaidumloebiT an iden-
tificirebis SecvliT. sasamarTlo sxdomaze procesis
monawile ikiTxeba uSualod da zepirad.
zemoTaRniSnuli dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebi sasa-
marTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos dacvis mxaris SuamdgomlobiT
da procesis monawilis TanxmobiT. amasTan, erTdroulad
SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iyos ramdenime dacvis saSu-
aleba.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sasamarTlos garda, prokuror-
ic aris uflebamosili gamoiyenos dacvis specialuri
RonisZiebebi. kanonSi calkea CamoTvlili prokuroris mier
gamoyenebuli dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebi. kerZod, sssk
109 1-muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, prokurori uflebam-
osilia gamoitanos dadgenileba procesis monawileTa dacvis
Semdegi saxis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebaze:
a) marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisagan fizikuri dacvis
specialuri RonisZieba;
b) sacxovrebeli adgilis droebiTi an mudmivi Secvla.
am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba dasacavi piris sxva sacxovreb-
el adgilas gadayvana anu sxva sacxovrebeli sadgomis
micema, agreTve axal sacxovrebel adgilas SromiTi mow-
yobis uzrunvelyofa, rac unda ganxorcieldes usafrTx-
oebis zomebis gamomyenebeli organos mier.
sxva sacxovrebel adgilas droebiT gadayvanis SemTx-
vevaSi mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili eqvemdebareba broni-
rebas. arasrulwlovanTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisaT-
vis maTi mSoblebisa da sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlebis
werilobiTi TanxmobiT isini SeiZleba droebiT iyvnen moT-
avsebulni skolamdel aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebaSi, xolo
srulwlovani qmeduunaro pirebi _ socialuri dacvis
organoTa dawesebulebaSi.
sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla unda iyos gamoyenebuli
gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, roca dacvis sxva RonisZiebis
gamoyeneba araefeqturia. amasTan unda iyos uzrunvelyo-
fili dasacavi piris yvela kanonieri uflebebisa da Tav-
isuflebebis aRdgena da dacva.
g) garegnobis Secvla
aseTi RonisZieba unda iyos gamoyenebuli dasacavis
SuamdgomlobiT an misi TanxmobiT, an sasamarTlos ganCinebiT
da SeiZleba adgili hqondes gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi,
mxolod ukiduresi aucileblobis situaciaSi, roca piris
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa sxva saSualebiT SeuZlebelia.
aRniSnuli RonisZiebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro xar-
jebi anazRaurdeba im organos mier, romelmac miiRo amis
Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba.
garegnobis Secvla SeiZleba gamoixatos varcxnilobis
SecvlaSi Tmis feris SecvlasTan erTad, Tvalis feris
334 335
SecvlaSi, plastikuri operaciis Sedegad cxviris formis
SecvlaSi, mTlianad saxisa da sxeulis plastikuri, kos-
metikuri da qirurgiuli operaciis Sedegad arsebiTad
gansxvavebuli garegnobis SeqmnaSi.
garegnobis SecvlasTan erTad aucilebelia gadawydes
sakiTxi moqalaqisaTvis misi uflebebis, Tavisuflebebisa
da SeRavaTebis SenarCunebis Sesaxeb. unda iyos uzrunve-
lyofili misi yvela uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva
da misi kanonieri interesebis dakmayofileba. sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis monawileTa dacvis specialuri RonisZie-
bis ganxorcielebis xarjebs gaiRebs saxelmwifo.
dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis mov-
aleoba ekisrebaT ZiriTadad Sinagan saqmeTa organoebs.
Tanamedrove pirobebSi sagamoZiebo praqtikaSi gvxvdeba
muqaris mravalricxovani faqtebi, mowmeTa, dazaralebulTa
da TviT gamomZiebelTa, prokurorTa da mosamarTleTa
misamarTiT. Tumca saxelmwifo biujetidan arasaTanado
finansuri uzrunvelyofis gamo procesis monawileTa dacvis
specialuri RonisZiebebi jer kidev gamoiyeneba iSviaTad
da arasakmarisad. amasTan ufro farTod unda iyos gamoy-
enebuli dacvis iseTi RonisZiebebi, romelTa gamoyeneba did
materialur danaxarjebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli, magal-
iTad, moqalaqeTa binaSi dacvis signalizaciis dayeneba,
dasacavi piris telefonis nomris Secvla, mis satrans-
porto saSualebaze saxelmwifo sanomre niSnebis Secvla.
erT-erT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze mowmis avtomanqanis
Zaris SeRebva da misi nomris Secvla, agreTve misi tele-
fonis nomris Secvla, misi saqmeSi fsevdonimiT monawileo-
bis uzrunvelyofa aRmoCnda sakmarisi dacvis RonisZieba
narkotikebis gasaRebis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonis Tanaxmad dacvis specialuri
RonisZieba gamoiyeneba prokuroris dadgenilebiT ara mx-
olod procesis monawilis mimarT, aramed masTan dakav-
Sirebuli piris usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofadac.
rac Seexeba braldebulsa da gansasjels, maT mimarT
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod marTlsawinaaRmdego
xelyofisagan fizikuri dacvis specialuri RonisZieba.
sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas mowmisa da
dazaralebulis dakiTxvis Semdeg prokurori uflebam-
osilia gamoitanos dadgenileba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
nebismieri dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Tao-
baze. braldebulisa da gansasjelis mimarT dacvis special-
uri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba ki
waredgineba mosamarTles gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom procesis monawilis mimarT SeiZleba
gamoyenebuli iyos rogorc erTi, ise erTdroulad ramden-
ime dacvis specialuri RonisZieba.
kanonis Tanaxmad Tu mowmisa da dazaralebulis mimarT
winaswar gamoZiebaSi gamoyenebuli iyo dacvis specialuri
RonisZieba, sasamarTloSi misi dakiTxvis Semdeg, bralde-
buls an mis damcvels, moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, mosamarTle
aZlevs gonivrul vadas dacvis momzadebisaTvis, magram ara
umetes 7 dRisa.
dacvis specialuri RonisZieba gamoiyeneba Semdegi sa-
fuZvlebis arsebobisas.
a) saqme ganixileba iseTi qmedebis Cadenis faqtebze,
romlis sajaro ganxilva Tavisi bunebiT arsebiT zians
miayenebs procesis monawilis pirad cxovrebas;
am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT iseTi saqmeebi,
romelTa ganxilva dakavSirebulia procesis monawileTa
piradi intimuri cxovrebis detalebis gaxmaurebasTan,
magaliTad, ssk 137 _ 141-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
336 337
danaSaulebi.
b) procesis monawilis vinaobisa da saqmeSi monawile-
obis sajaroobiT mniSvnelovani safrTxe emuqreba mis an
misi axlo naTesavis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an qone-
bas.
aq igulisxmeba iseTi SemTxveva, roca procesis
monawilis an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT braldebulis
mxridan arsebobs muqara. muqaris realuroba unda dadgindes
konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare obieqturi da sub-
ieqturi kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mxedvelobaSi unda
iyos miRebuli muqaris Sinaarsi; drois monakveTi, roca
gacxadda muqara; muqaris intensivoba, muqaris subieqtis
pirovnuli Taviseburebebi _ misi socialuri, qonebrivi
mdgomareoba, fsiqologia, misi kavSirebi, samarTaldamcav
organoebTan damokidebuleba da a.S.
aRniSnuli garemoebebis erTbliobis gaanalizebis sa-
fuZvelze unda iyos miRebuli gadawyvetileba procesis
monawilis vinaobis gasaidumloebis Sesaxeb, radgan realu-
rad arsebobs safrTxe ziani miadges misi an misi axlo
naTesavis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an qonebas.
g) procesis monawile damokidebulia braldebulze.
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSiria SemTx-
vevebi, roca procesis monawiles braldebulTan akav-
Sirebs samsaxurebrivi, Tanamdebobrivi, materialuri
damokidebuleba. magaliTad (braldebuls ekava xelmZR-
vaneli Tanamdeboba im organoSi, sadac procesis monawile
muSaobda an procesis monawile aris braldebulis sam-
saxurebrivi zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi piri an piri,
romelic braldebulisagan iRebda sarCos, materialur
uzrunvelyofas da misi anketuri monacemebis gaxmaureba
safrTxes Seuqmnis mis pirad cxovrebas (Seuwydeba sar-
Cos miReba, dakargavs samsaxurs da a.S.).
d) procesis monawilis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas
emuqreba realuri safrTxe.
saqmeSi unda arsebobdes faqtobrivi monacemebi, infor-
macia, masalebi, romlebic aSkarad miuTiTeben imaze, rom
saqmeSi monawileobis sajaroobiT procesis monawilis si-
cocxlesa da janmrTelobas SeiZleba ziani miadges. sa-
frTxis realuroba ki unda ganisazRvros saqmis konkre-
tuli garemoebebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.
aRniSnuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas prokurori ufle-
bamosilia winaswari gamoZiebis dros dacvis specialuri
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos mosamar-
Tles gamoZiebas adgilis mixedviT. Tavis mxriv, procesis
monawilem SeiZleba mimarTos prokurors TxovniT, raTa mis
mimarT iyos gamotanili dacvis specialuri RonisZieba.
Suamdgomloba sasamarTloSi ganixileba saerTo wesis
mixedviT. sxdoma ar aris sajaro. mas eswrebian mxolod
prokurori, Suamdgomlobis avtori da procesis monawile,
vis mimarTac unda iyos gamoyenebuli dacvis specialuri
RonisZieba. gamonakliss warmoadgens fsevdonomis miniWeba.
Suamdgomloba ganixileba saproceso kodeqsis 140-e muxliT
dadgenili wesiT. Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis SemTx-
vevaSi mosamarTles (sasamarTlos) gamoaqvs gadawyvetile-
ba, sadac unda iyos aRniSnuli konkretulad dacvis romeli
specialuri RonisZieba unda iyos gatarebuli, vis mimarT
gamoiyeneba igi da ra vadiT, romel organos evaleba misi
aRsruleba. amasTan, dacvis specialuri RonisZieba SeiZle-
ba gamoyenebuli iyos uvadod.
rac Seexeba garkveuli vadiT dawesebul dacvis spe-
cialur RonisZiebas Tu iqneba aRniSnuli RonisZiebis
gamoyenebis saWiroeba, dadgenili vadis gasvlis Semdeg
338 339
SesaZlebelia misi moqmedebis vadis gagrZeleba. dacvis
specialuri RonisZiebis vadis gagrZelebis Suamdgomloba
ganixileba saerTo wesiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gadawyvetileba dacvis specialuri
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb konfidencialuria da sa-
jarod ar cxaddeba, Tumca aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis
Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxareebs, Suamdgomlobis Semtans da im
pirs, visac Seexo es zoma. amasTan, SetyobinebaSi ar unda
iyos Setanili dasacavi piris amocnobisa da identificire-
bis Semcveli monacemebi. Tavis mxriv, dacvis specialuri
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sami dRis va-
daSi unda ecnobos am RonisZiebis gamoyenebis iniciators
da mosamarTles (sssk 109 4-e muxli).
kanoni iTvaliswinebs dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis
gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis Sedegad miRe-
buli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wess. kerZod, sssk 109
3, muxlis me-6 nawilis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli gadawyvetile-
ba SeiZleba erTjeradad gasaCivrdes saqmeze Semajamebel
gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis safuZvlis
aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi misi damniSvneli mosamarTlis
(sasamarTlos) an imave sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlis
dadgenilebiT (ganCinebiT) es RonisZieba unda gauqmdes, rac
dauyovnebliv ecnobeba dasacav pirs.
sssk 109 5-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetileba dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Ses-
axeb sajaro ar aris. igi xelmisawvdomia mxolod gadaw-
yvetilebis mimRebi mosamarTlis, Suamdgomlobis ganxil-
vaSi monawile pirebisa da uflebamosili Tanamdebobis
pirisaTvis, romelmac unda aRasrulos sasamarTlos gad-
awyvetileba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobaa dawesebuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevris,
mosamarTlis, samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawilis, aRmas-
ruleblis, dazaralebulis, mowmis an sisxlis samarTlis
procesis sxva monawilis anda misi axlo naTesavis usa-
frTxoebis dacvis saidumloebis gaxmaurebisaTvis im piris
mimarT, vinc aseTi saidumloeba icoda Tavisi samsaxure-
brivi mdgomareobis gamo an visac is gaandes (ssk 367-e
muxli). pasuxismgebloba mZimdeba Tu gaxmaurebas mZime
Sedegi mohyva.
gaxmaureba gulisxmobs cnobebis Setyobinebas gareSe
pirisaTvis. gaxmaureba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva
formiT: presaSi gamoqveynebiT, mimoweriT, kerZo saubris
dros zepirad, sajarod gamosvliT, saTanado dokumentebis
gacnobiT da a.S. ris Sedegadac gaxdeba cnobili informa-
cia usafrTxoebis zomebis Sesaxeb.
ssk 365-e muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSauls warmoadgens
prokuroris, gamomZieblis, damcvelis, eqspertis, aRmas-
ruleblis, samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawilisa an misi
axlo naTesavis mimarT winaswar gamoZiebasTan, sasamar-
loSi saqmis ganxilvasTan anda ganaCenis an sxva sasamarT-
lo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT sicocx-
lis mospobis, janmrTelobis dazianebis anda qonebis
ganadgurebis an dazianebis muqara. am muxlSi, rogorc
vxedavT, procesis sxva monawileebTan erTad dasaxeleb-
ulni arian procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis
pirebi prokurori, gamomZiebeli. saproceso kanonmdeblobis
Tanaxmad ki dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebi gamoiyeneba
mxolod mowmisa da dazaralebulis mimarT. arada xSiria
SemTxvevebi, roca gamomZiebels, prokurors, mosamarTles
emuqrebian sicocxlis mospobis, janmrTelobis dazianebis
340 341
da qonebis xelyofis muqariT. sasurveli iyo kanonmdebels
gaefarTovebina dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebis subieqte-
bis wre da moewesrigebina procesis mwarmoebeli oganos
Tanamdebobis pirTa dacvis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis sakiTx-
ic.
Tavi VITavi VI
mtkicebulebani da mtkiceba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi
$.1. mtkicebiTi samarTlisa da mtkicebiTi $.1. mtkicebiTi samarTlisa da mtkicebiTi
Teoriis cnebaTeoriis cneba
danaSaulis Cadenas yovelTvis warsul droSi aqvs ad-
gili, amitom aRniSnul garemoebaTa dadgena da aRdgena
mtkicebis meSveobiT xdeba. vinaidan movlenebi da faqtebi
yovelTvis toveben materialuri an idealuri saxis kvals.
cnobili faqtebis safuZvelze ki xdeba ucnobi faqtebis
dadgena. aRniSnuli procesi ki TavisTavad warmoadgens
mtkicebas. warsulSi momxdari movlenis Semecneba anu maTi
mtkiceba, dadgena aris mecnierebis mravali sferos amocana,
mag: istoria, arqeologia, magram sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesSi informacia aseTi saxis movlenebze iqceva samarT-
lebrivad mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis miRebis safuZvlad.
swored amitom maTi mtkiceba detalurad aris reglamen-
tirebuli kanonmdeblobiT da efuZneba procesis saerTo
principebs (SejibrebiToba, uSualoba da a.S.).
sakanonmdeblo reglamentaciisas ki unda ganisazRvros
Semdegi garemoebebi:
1. kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili mtkicebis procesi warmoad-
gens procesis formisaTvis damaxasiaTebel erT-erT
umTavres garemoebas (samZebro(inkviziciuri), bral-
debiTi, SejibrebiTi, Sereuli).
2. mtkiceba arsebiTad gansazRvravs pirovnebis procesua-
lur mdgomareobas (mag:braldebulis procesualur
mdgomareobas).
342 343
3. institutebi, romlebic axdenen mtkicebis procesis
reglamentacias, warmoadgens samarTalwarmoebis princ-
ipebis realizaciis ZiriTad saSualebas.
am kiTxvebze pasuxis sakanonmdeblo reglamentacias
didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia rogorc sisxlissamarTalwarmoe-
bis Sesabamisi institutebis sakanonmdeblo reglamentaci-
isaTvis, ise procesis monawileTa praqtikuli saqmiano-
bisaTvis.
imisaTvis, rom gamoZieba da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganx-
ilva Catardes yovelmxriv, srulyofilad da obieqturad,
saqmeze unda dadgindes: iyo Tu ara danaSaulis SemTxveva;
piris braleuloba; mtkicebis sagani; Catarda Tu ara yvela
saWiro da aucilebeli saproceso moqmedeba.
garemoebani, romlebic unda damtkicdes sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeze xorcieldeba kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT
da uzrunvelyofs WeSmaritebis dadgenas sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze pirovnebis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis sruli
dacviT da savaldebuloa rogorc procesis mwarmoebeli
piris, aseve procesis sxva monawileTaTvis.
im normaTa erTobliobas, romlebic aregulireben mtki-im normaTa erTobliobas, romlebic aregulireben mtki-
cebis procesTan dakavSirebul procesualur moqmedebebsa cebis procesTan dakavSirebul procesualur moqmedebebsa
da urTierTobas WeSmaritebis dadgenis mizniT, mtkicebiTi da urTierTobas WeSmaritebis dadgenis mizniT, mtkicebiTi
samarTali ewodeba.samarTali ewodeba.
mWidro kavSiria mtkicebasa da mtkicebulebebs Soris.
magram mtkicebuleba da mtkiceba ar aris identuri cnebe-
bi. mtkiceba, literaturaSi miRebuli gansazRvrebidan
gamomdinare, aris saqmeze kanonieri gziT WeSmaritebis
dasadgenad informaciis mopoveba _ Semowmebasa da Sefase-
baSi monawileTa moqmedeba da urTierTdamokidebuleba.
mtkiceba moicavs mtkicebulebasac: mtkiceba dinamiurobas
gamoxatavs; igi mimdinare procesebze migvaniSnebs. mtkice-
ba gamoxatavs procesSi monawile pirTa moqmedebebsa da
maT urTierTdamokidebulebas WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.
mtkicebis movaleoba akisria procesis mwarmoebel pirs.
mtkicebuleba ki sul sxva bunebisaa. igi ukve mopovebuli
informaciaa. anu kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli wy-
aroebidan da wesiT miRebuli cnobebi, romelTa safuZ-
velzec dgindeba arsebobs Tu ara danaSaulebrivi faqti
da misi misi Camdeni piri.
mtkicebiTi samarTlis mizania WeSmaritebis dadgena. e.i.
faqtebisa da garemoebaTa imgvarad dadgena, rogorc amas
sinamdvileSi hqonda adgili.
WeSmariteba aris codnis an mosazrebis sinamdvilesTan
Sesabamisobis absoluturi Tanxvedra. WeSmariteba Semecne-
bis TeoriasTan aris gaigivebuli xSir SemTxvevaSi da
dialeqtikis nawiladac ki aris miCneuli, WeSmariteba ar
arsebobs adamianis cnobierebis gareSe. obieqturi sinamd-
vilis sagnebi TavisTavadni arian da araferi aqvT saerTo
WeSmaritebasTan manamde, vidre adamiani ar daukavSirdeba
maT aRqmisa da warmosaxvis asaxvis formiT, cnebebis
dadgenis procesSi. WeSmariteba cnobieria imdenad, ramdena-
dac Semmecnebeli subieqtia, igi asaxvaa adamianis gonebaSi,
magram, rogorc dadgenilia, TviT es asaxvaa, sinamdvilis
adeqvaturi suraTi igi srulebiTac ar aris damokidebuli
adamianis neba survilze mis subieqtur faqtorebze: WeS-
mariteba mudam Sepirobebulia obieqturi sinamdviliT.
WeSmaritebis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT, TiTqos yovelT-
vis gaZnelebulia konkretuli danaSaulisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebeli niSnebis utyuarad gamovlineba. rodesac laparakia
WeSmaritebaze, ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom WeSmarite-
bis ganmsazRvrel ZiriTad kriteriums WeSmaritebis cvale-
badoba warmoadgens, romelic efuZneba praqtikisa da Se-
344 345
mecnebis ganviTarebiTobas.
Semecnebisa da misi Sedegebis damajereblobis urTierT-
Tanafardobis gansazRvra erTnairad aucilebelia yvela
sferoSi. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso samarTalSi WeS-
maritebis mtkicebis mizani sagamoZiebo organoebisa da
sasamarTlos mier iseTi daskvnebis miRebaa, romlebic ab-
soluturad Seesabamebian sinamdviles da realurad asaxaven
momxdar movlenebs. WeSmaritebis dasadgenad aucilebelia
danaSaulis Cadenis arsebobis faqtisa da ama Tu im piris
mier aRniSnuli danaSaulis Cadenis da misi braleulobis
utyuarobis dadgena. WeSmaritebis mtkiceba mowodebulia
gaarkvios faqtebis, movlenebis, garemoebebis realurad
arseboba da maTi siyalbe, romelTa ZiriTadi mizania saga-
moZiebo da sasamarTlo Secdomebis Tavidan acileba.
SesaZlebelia WeSmariteba davyoT ramodenime saxed:
1.miaxloebiT WeSmaritebad _ romelsac pirobiTi xasiaTi
aqvs. 2.SefardebiT WeSmaritebad, rac ufro meti informa-
cia iqneba dagrovili ama Tu im sagnis raobis Sesaxeb, miT
ufro sruli iqneba Cveni warmodgena sinamdvileze. 3.obieq-
tur WeSmaritebad _ romelic, rogorc sayovelTaodaa
aRiarebuli, miiReba SefardebiT WeSmaritebaTa SejamebiT
da aris mtkicebiTi samarTlis ZiriTadi mizani.
$2. mtkicebulebis cneba sisxlis $2. mtkicebulebis cneba sisxlis
samarTlis procesSisamarTlis procesSi
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
110-e muxlis Tanaxmad mtkicebulebebia: kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli wyaroebidan da wesiT miRebuli cnobebi,
romelTa safuZvelzedac mxareebi icaven TavianT ufle-
bebsa da kanonier interesebs, xolo gamomZiebeli, proku-
rori da sasamarTlo adgenen, arsebobs Tu ara movlena an
qmedeba, romlis gamoc xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlis
procesi, Caidina Tu ara es qmedeba garkveulma pirma, dam-
naSavea Tu ara igi, agreTve saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone sxva garemoebebs.
mtkicebulebad sisxlis samarTlis procesSi dasaSvebia:
a. eWvmitanilis Cveneba; b. braldebulis Cveneba; g. gansasje-
lis Cveneba; d. dazaralebulis Cveneba; e. mowmis Cveneba; v.
eqspertis daskvna; z. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi; T. saga-
moZiebo moqmedebis da sasamarTlo moqmedebisa da sasa-
marTlo ganxilvis oqmebi; i. sxva dokumentebi; k. nebismieri
saxis audio-video Canaweri, romlis mopovebisas adgili
ar hqonia piradi cxovrebis saidumloebis darRvevas. am
SemTxvevaSi faruli gadaRebis mwarmoebeli piri dakiTxu-
li unda iqnes sasamarTloSi mowmis saxiT faruli Canaw-
eris warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT.
sssk 110-e muxlis Tanaxmad mopovebuli da mxaris mier
warmodgenili cnobebi unda daerTos saqmes. isini unda
Seamowmos da gamoikvlios meore mxarem, agreTve organom,
romelic process awarmoebs. mxolod dasaSvebad miCneuli
mtkicebulebebi SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli sasamarTlo
kamaTsa da sasamarTlo ganaCenSi.
kanonis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, operatiul – samZebro
346 347
RonisZiebiT miRebuli monacemebi SeiZleba gaxdes ama Tu
im saproceso wyaros cnobisa da faqtis (dokumentis
garda) Sinaarsi da mxolod am SemTxvevaSi daiSveba, rogorc
mtkicebuleba. kerZod: operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebis
Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi xSirad ganapirobeben sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa warmatebiT gadawyvetas da saqmeze WeS-
maritebis dadgenas. operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebi war-
moadgens winapirobas Sesabamisi sagamoZiebo moqmedebis
saxis gansazRvrisa da CatarebisaTvis. garkveul SemTx-
vevaSi operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebi erwymis sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebebs da aisaxeba Sesabamis saproceso dokumentSi.
kanonis Tanaxmad operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebis Sedegebs
anu monacemebs, romlebic miRebulia maTi Catarebis Sedegad
ar aqvT mtkicebulebis Zala, radgan ar arsebobs maTi
utyuarobis garantia. isini unda Semowmdes da damagrdes
saproceso saSualebebiT da mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba
mieniWos mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba.
mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba.mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba. sagamoZiebo organoebis
gadawyvetileba, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, Tanamdebobis
piris gadawvetileba da procesis ganmavlobaSi mxareTa
pozicia sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
garemoebaTa dadgenilad miCnevis an uaryofisaTvis unda
eyrdnobodes mxolod dasaSveb mtkicebulebebs.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi moqmedebs mtkicebule-
baTa dasaSvebobis prezumfcia, anu mtkicebuleba dasaSvebia,
Tu procesis mwarmoebel organos, Tanamdebobis pirs, igi
dauSveblad ar ucvniaT.
erTmaneTisagan unda gaimijnos dauSvebeli mtkiceb-
uleba da mtkicebuleba, romelic dasaSvebia, magram Sesa-
bamis dasabuTebaze miTiTebiT, procesis mwarmoebeli or-
gano, Tanamdebobis piri ar iziareben, xolo mxare Suam-
dgomlobs raTa ar iqnes gaziarebuli am mtkicebulebiT
dadgenili garemoebebi.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 111-e muxlis
Tanaxmad mtkicebuleba dauSveblad miiCneva, Tu igi miRe-
bulia:
a. im Tanamdebobis piris an organos mier, romelic
uflebamosili ar aris Sekribos mtkicebulebani, am
saqmeze;
b.kanoniT gauTvaliswinebeli wyarodan;
g. kanoniT dadgenili wesis darRveviT, agreTve Zala-
dobis, muqaris, motyuebis, SantaJis, pirovnebis abuCad
agdebis an sxva ukanono meTodebis gamoyenebiT.
d. pirisagan, romelmac daarRvia kanoni an romelsac
ar SeuZlia miuTiTos, ra wyarodan, sad, rodis da rogor
gamovlinda mis mier warmodgenili monacemebi;
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad,
bralmdebels ekisreba rogorc braldebis mtkicebulebaTa
dasaSvebobis mtkicebis tvirTi, ise dacvis mtkicebulebaTa
dauSveblobis mtkicebis tvirTi.
mxareebi valdebulni arian sasamarTlos miawodon in-
formacia sakuTari mtkicebulebis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.
mtkicebulebis dauSveblad miCnevis sakiTxs wyvets
procesis mwarmoebeli organo dadgenilebiT.
dauSveblad miCneuli mtkicebuleba amoiReba sisxlis
samarTlis saqmidan da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Senaxvis
vadis ganmavlobaSi inaxeba sasamarTlos kancelariaSi.
dauSveblad miCneuli braldebis mtkicebuleba SeiZle-
ba daSvebeul iqnes dacvis SuamdgomlobiT.
mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeboba.mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeboba. mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeboba
niSnavs misi Sinaarsis kavSirs im garemoebebTan, romlebic
eqvemdebarebian mtkicebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.
348 349
SeuZlebelia im garemoebebis wris winaswar gansazRvra
(dadgena), romelic Sedis mtkicebis saganSi da gaaCnia
mniSvneloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis. mtkicebule-
baTa Sesaxebobis sakiTxi wydeba procesis mwarmoebeli
piris mier, kerZod faqtis Sesaxeb versiis SemuSavebisa da
Semowmebis Sedegad, agreTve mxareTa da sxva pirTa mier
warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa miRebisas.
SedarebiT martivia ganvsazRvroT mtkicebulebaTa Ses-
axebobis sakiTxi, rodesac igi mimarTulia iuridiuli
faqtebis mtkicebaze an uaryofaze, romelic pirdapir aris
gaTvaliswinebuli normis hipoteziT da SeZlebisdagvarad
zustad aris orientirebuli drosa da sivrceSi. am amo-
canis gadawyveta rTulia _ iribi mtkicebulebis gamoyen-
ebisas vinaidan yovelTvis ar aris naTeli, aris Tu ara
dakavSirebuli dasadgeni faqtebi mTavar garemoebebTan.
warmoiSoba pirobiTi Sesaxeboba, romelic saqmis moZrao-
bidan gamomdinare xdeba upirobo an xdeba misi uaryofa.
kerZod, Tu procesis mwarmoebeli piri miva daskvnamde,
rom dadgenili, mopovebuli an miRebuli cnoba da faqti
kavSirSi ar aris saqmesTan da ar exeba mocemul saqmes
gamoitans dasabuTebul dadgenilebas. romlis safuZvelzec
arsebiTad gadawyvets sakiTxs mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxebobis
Sesaxeb.
Tu mtkicebuleba ar exeba mocemul saqmes, igi ar daiS-
veba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.
$3. mtkicebis sagani da mtkicebis farglebi$3. mtkicebis sagani da mtkicebis farglebi
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi gansazRvravs
garemoebaTa minimums, romelic eqvemdebareba mtkicebas
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. Tu es moTxovna ar iqneba
daculi, aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmeze gamoZieba da sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilva CaiTvleba arasrulyofilad da
calmxrivad. garemoebaTa erTobliobas, romelic eqvemde-
bareba mtkicebas ewodeba mtkicebis sagani.
mtkicebis sagans gaaCnia rogorc sisxlis samarTlebri-
vi ise sisxlis samarTlis saproceso (procesualuri)
mxare. kerZod: saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis 112-e muxli ayalibebs im garemoebebs, romelic
unda damtkicdes yovel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. kerZod,
moqmedebis (umoqmedobis) marTlsawinaaRmdego xasiaTi;
brali; garemoebebi,romlebic gavlenas axdenen braldebulis
pasuxismgeblobis xasiaTsa da xarisxze, axasiaTebs mis
pirovnebas; danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis xasiaTi
da odenoba.
danaSaulis Cadenis dro, adgili, saSualeba da sxva
garemoebebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc makvalificirebeli (Se-
mamsubuqebeli an damamZimebeli garemoebebi), aseve iuridi-
ulad neitraluri garemoebebic. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi
maTi dadgena aucilebelia braldebis konkretizaciisaTvis,
rac erT-erTi umTavresi pirobaa braldebis funqciis re-
alizaciisaTvis.
danaSaulis Cadenis drois, adgilisa da saSualebis
konkretizaciis xarisxi damokidebulia sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis Taviseburebaze da ganisazRvreba konkretuli piris
mier danaSaulebrivi faqtis dadgenis aucileblobiT. da-
naSaulis CadenaSi braldebuli piris cneba moicavs moTx-
350 351
ovnas dadgenil iqnes ara mxolod konkretuli piri, aramed
im moqmedebis an umoqmedobis xasiaTi, romelmac ganapi-
roba misi qceva (saqme exeba danaSaulis subieqtsa da sub-
ieqtur mxares).
motivis dadgenis aucilebloba im SemTxvevaSic ki
rodesac mas mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia danaSaulis kvali-
fikaciisaTvis, ganisazRvreba pirvel rigSi imiT, rom igi
xels uwyobs rogorc danaSaulis Camdeni piris adekvatur
Sefasebas ise Cadenili qmedebis simZimis gamovlenas.
danaSaulis Cadenis motivis dadgena ar gamoricxavs im
monacemTa wres, romelic exmareba braldebuli pirovnebis
Sefasebas da gamoyofilia mtkicebis sagnis damoukidebel
elementad. aRniSnuli garemoebebis dadgena aucilebelia
pirvel rigSi sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
individualizaciisaTvis. aRniSnuli jgufi garemoebebisa
moicavs Tavis TavSi braldebulis fizikuri (janmrTelobis
mdgomareoba),an fsiqikuri (fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, alko-
holisadmi an narkotikebisadmi damokidebuleba) mdgo-
mareobis dadgenasac.
rac Seexeba danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad miyenebuli
zianis xasiaTsa da odenobas unda aRiniSnos, rom igi
SeiZleba iyos danaSaulis Semadgenlobis erT-erTi makval-
ificirebeli niSani, garkveul SemTxvevaSi ki SeiZleba
gascdes mtkicebis sagnis farglebsac.
yvela es garemoeba, organulad gansazRvravs qmedebis
faqtiur suraTs, gaaCnia gadamwyveti samarTlebrivi mniS-
vneloba imdenad, ramdenadac igi iZleva uaryofiT pasuxs
braldebuli piris braleulobis Sesaxeb.
da bolos, mtkicebis saganSi Sedis yvela is garemoeba,
romlebsac SeuZlia gamoiwvios sisxlis samarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobisa da sasjelisagan gaTavisufleba.
yoveli garemoeba, romelic eqvemdebareba mtkicebas,
aris arsebiTi sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis da unda
iyos gamokvleuli gamoZiebis organoebisa da sasamarTlos
mier. sasamarTlos ganaCeni unda efuZnebodes mxolod im
mtkicebulebebs, romelic iyo gamokvleuli sasamarTlo
sxdomaze. mravalma garemoebam, romelic eqvemdebareba
mtkicebas unda gansazRvros sabraldebo daskvnis Si-
naarsi da ganaCeni, romelsac adgens winaswari gamoZiebis
organo da sasamarTlo.
CamoTvlili garemoebani exeba yvela sisxlis samarTlis
saqmes, magram, amave dros, saproceso kanoni CamoTvlis
mtkicebis sagnis Taviseburebas, rac damaxasiaTebelia aras-
rulwlovanTa mier Cadenili danaSaulisa da fsiqikurad
daavadebuli piris mier Cadenili qmedebisaTvis.
s.s.s.k 641–e muxli adgens im garemoebas, romlebic
damatebiT dasadgenia arasrulwlovanis mier Cadenili da-
naSaulisaTvis, kerZod:arasrulwlovanis mier danaSaulis
Cadenis SemTxevaSi winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi
saqmis ganxilvis dros unda dadgindes:
a. arasrulwlovanis asaki(dabadebis ricxvi, Tve, weli);
b. arasrulwlovanis cxovrebisa da aRzrdis pirobebi
ojaxsa da skolaSi;
g. srulwlovan wamqezebelTa arseboba;
d. arasrulwlovanis fizikuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebis
done;
e. arasrulwlovanis pirovnebis xasiaTis Taviseburebebi,
moTxovnilebebi da interesebi.
im piris mimarT, vinc danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg fsiq-
ikurad daavadda, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
661-e muxlis Sesabamisad, damatebiT unda damtkicdes:
piris fsiqikuri avadmyofoba, romelic warmoiSva da-
352 353
naSaulis Cadenis Semdeg da gamoricxavs sasjelis gamoy-
enebas.
Seuracxis mier marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadenasTan
dakavSirebiT unda damtkicdes: a. Seuracxi piris damaxa-
siaTebeli garemoebebi; b. qmedebis Cadenis momentSi pirovne-
bis qronikuli fsiqikuri avadmyofoba, fsiqikis droebiTi
moSla, Wkuasustoba an sxva avadmyofuri mdgomareoba, ris
gamoc mas ar SeeZlo angariSi gaewia Tavisi qmedebisaTvis
da ganego igi; g. am piris fsiqikuri mdgomareoba winaswari
gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros. d. garda amisa,
danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg fsiqikurad daavadebuli piris
saqmeze, aseve marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni Seu-
racxis saqmeze unda dadgindes, SeiZleba Tu ara maTi Sem-
dgomi qceva saSiSi iyos Tavad maTTvis da garSemo myof-
TaTvis.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi CamoTvlis im
garemoebebs, romlebic dgindeba mtkicebulebaTa wardgenis
gareSe da preiudiciebs.
faqtebi, romlebic ar saWiroeben mtkicebas, ar Sedis
mtkicebis saganSi, Tumca misi dadgenis gareSe SeuZlebelia
saqmis sworad gadawyveta.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 113-e muxlSi
miTiTebulia 2 saxis, 2 kategoriis faqti, romlebic ar
saWiroeben mtkicebas da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasa-
marTlo gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebas. kerZod: 1.sasamarT-
los mier sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi da 2.preiudici-
uli (winaswar gadawyvetili, winaswar dadgenili faqtebi,
e.i. sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT
an ganCinebiT dadgenili) faqtebi.
sayovelTaod cnobili faqtia, is, romlis arsebobis
Sesaxeb icis adamianTa farTo wrem, maT Soris, saqmis gan-
mxilvelma mosamarTlemac, ris gamoc aseTi faqti aRar
saWiroebs mtkicebas. sayovelTaod cnobili faqti SeiZle-
ba sxvadasxvagvari iyos. mag: mTeli msofliosaTvis cno-
bilia faqtebi (istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone movlena,
faqti), magram sayovelTaod cnobili faqti SeiZleba iyos
sxva garemoebebic, wyaldidoba, miwisZvra da sxva. sasamarT-
lom unda daasabuTos ratom miiCnia es faqti sayovelTaod
cnobilad.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom Tu faqti say-
ovelTaodaa cnobili es ar SeiZleba iyos ganpirobebuli
mxolod pirTa gansazRvruli wriT, romlisTvisac cno-
bilia es faqti da damokidebulia im droze, rac gavida
mas Semdeg, rac es movlena moxda.
im SemTxevaSi, rodesac sayovelTaod cnobili faqti
cnobilia ara mTeli msofliosaTvis, an mTeli qveynisaTvis,
lokaluri xasiaTisaa da Semofarglulia gansazRvruli
adgiliT. ar iqneboda swori mxareTagan mogveTxova aseTi
faqtebis dasadastureblad mtkicebulebaTa savaldebulod
wardgena im motiviT (safuZvliT), rom lokaluri mniS-
vnelobis faqtebi sakmaod cnobilia swored mocemul
adgilas da sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs aRiaros aseTi mniS-
vnelobis faqtebi sayovelTaod cnobilad, ris gamoc maT
mtkiceba ar sWirdebaT da unda miuTiTos amis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebaSi.
Tumca, sayovelTaod cnobilad ar SeiZleba iqnes miC-
neuli konkretuli adamianis piradi Tvisebebi, xasiaTi,
vinaidan es aris subieqturi mosazreba da ara faqti.
sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi mtkicebas ar saWiroebs
anu mxareebi ar arian valdebuli warmoadginon mtkiceb-
ulebebi, am faqtebis namdviloba naTelia da mtkiceba zed-
metia.
354 355
mtkicebulebaTa Segrovebas (mtkicebas) ar saWiroeben
da Sesabamisad mtkicebis tvirTisagan gaTavisuflebis me-
ore safuZvelia faqtis preiudiciuloba. preiudiciulia
(laT. sityvaa praejudicio _ niSnavs ,,winaswar gadawyvetas~, ,,winaswar dadgenas~) sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli
sasamarTlos ganaCeni. faqtebi preiudiciul mniSvnelobas
iZenen mxolod gadawyvetilebis an ganaCenis kanonier
ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg da am mniSvnelobas inarCuneben ma-
namde, sanam sasamarTlos aqtebi ar gauqmdeba kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT.
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT dadgenil
yvela faqts aqvs preiudiciuli mniSvneloba da arc erTi
es faqti aRar unda damtkicdes xelaxla sxva sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis dros Tumca imisaTvis rom
sasamarTlos hqondes preiudiciuli faqtebis mtkicebis
movaleobisagan mxaris gaTavisuflebis kanonieri safuZ-
veli,man unda gamoiTxovos da saqmeSi unda hqondes Sesa-
bamisi gadawyvetilebis an ganaCenis asli.
preiudiciulad dadgenili faqtebi ar saWiroeben mt-
kicebas, imitom, rom isini ukve dadgenilia sasamarTlos
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganaCeniT
da,Sesabamisad aRar arsebobs araviTari aucilebloba maT
xelaxla dasadgenad,e.i. ar SeiZleba eWvis qveS dadges
(saeWvo gaxdes) es faqtebi.
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtebis
preiudiciuli mniSvneloba ganisazRvreba misi subieqturi
farglebiT.kerZod, preiudiciulobis Tviseba aqvT gadaw-
yvetilebaSi dafiqsirebul materialur samarTlebriv
faqtebs,Tu,amasTan, yvela dainteresebuli piri, romelT-
ac gadawyvetileba exeba, Cabmuli iyo procesSi.
Tumca saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs garkveul gamonakliss. kerZod:
preiudiciulad dadgenili faqti SeiZleba uaryos mxarem,
sasamarTlos ganaCenma, sxva Semajamebelma gadawyvetilebam
an dadgenilebam, Tu es faqti ewinaaRmdegeba sasamarTloSi
mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebsa da mosamarTleTa
Sinagan rwmenas.
aRniSnul SemTxevaSi gamomZiebelsa da prokurors
ufleba aqvT uaryon preiudicia da saqme gadascen sasa-
marTlos TavianTi Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze. sasamarT-
los, romelic Sinagani rwmeniT Seafasebs mtkicebulebebs,
ufleba aqvs gamoitanos ganaCeni an sxva gadawyvetileba
preiudiciis miuxedavad. aseTi ganaCeni an gadawyvetileba
kanonier ZalaSi SesvlisTanave igzavneba saqarTvelos uze-
naesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palataSi,
romelic gamoiTxovs im saqmes, romlis preiudiciuli
mniSvnelobac uaryofilia, da im mtkicebulebis Sefasebis
Semdeg, romelic safuZvlad udevs urTierTsawinaarmdego
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebs, auqmebs an cvlis erT maTgans
da ZalaSi tovebs meores.
preiudiciebTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli prezum-
fciebi. prezumfcia samarTalSi moicavs sakiTxebis sakmaod
did wres,romelic exeba rogorc samarTlis zogad Teorias,
ise samarTlebrivi mecnierebebis sxva sferoebs.
prezumfciis qveS, rogorc wesi, moiazreba saerTo wesi,
romelic asaxavs myar araerTjerad kavSirs faqtebs, mov-
lenebsa da garemoebebs Soris.
prezumfciebi mravalricxovani da sxvadasxvagvaria,
maTgan nawili ganmtkicebulia kanoniT (legaluri prezum-
fciebi). im prezumfciebs, romlebic ar Sedis normatiul
aqtebSi (faqtiuri prezumfciebi) agreTve SeiZleba hqondeT
mniSvneloba sisxlis samarTlebrivi iurisdiqciisaTvis.
356 357
vinaidan amgvari prezumfciebi mosamarTleTa marTlSegne-
bis elementebia.
sisxlis samarTlis procesisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia e.w.
mtkicebulebiTi prezumfciebi.
prezumfciebs gaaCniaT statistikuri buneba. aRniSnu-
lidan gamomdinare es aris varaudi rom rogorc wesi
kavSiri faqtebs Soris, arsebobs aseve mocemul konkretul
SemTxvevaSic.
samarTlebrivi prezumfcia es aris kanoniT dadgenili
wesi,romelic adasturebs an uaryofs faqtebs sapirispiro
mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenamde. igi gamoiyeneba mxolod
faqtis utyuarobis dasadgenad, romelTanac kanoni akav-
Sirebs prezumfciebs.
samarTlebrivi prezumfciebis gaqarwyleba ar unda gav-
igoT rogorc gaqarwyleba WeSmariti gansjisa, prezumfcie-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT. es gansja aZlevs obieqtur Sefasebas
gansazRvrul socialur movlenas.
prezumfciebi, romlebic dakavSirebulni arian mtkice-
bulebaTa dasaSvebobasTan unda iyvnen gadmocemuli negati-
uri formiT. maT safuZvlad udevT Semdegi mosazreba: Tu
darRveulia sagamoZiebo an sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa proce-
sualuri wesi an igi ganaxorciela arauflebamosilma
subieqtma, maSin am gziT gamovlenili faqtebi ar SeiZleba
CaiTvalos damtkicebulad.
procesualuri prezumfciebi, romlebic gansazRvraven
dauSvebel mtkicebulebebs, SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT: a.
calkeul mtkicebulebebs an mtkicebulebaTa jgufs; b.
procesis calkeul stadiebs.
procesualuri darRvevebi, romelic exeba mTlianad
mtkicebis process sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis amaTuim
stadiaze (mag: sasamarTlos ukanono Semadgenloba, eWvmi-
tanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelisaTvis ufleba_hyavdes
damcveli da a.S.) iwvevs saerTo (zogadi) prezumfciis
gamoyenebas, romlis Sesabamisadac mtkicebis Sedegebi pro-
cesis mocemul stadiaze kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas.
mTeli rigi kerZo da zogadi procesualuri principe-
bis sinTezs warmoadgens udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis WeSmaritebis prezumf-
cia.
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia rogorc samarTlebrivi
principi Camoyalibda safrangeTSi. man Tavisi asaxva hpova
1789 wlis deklaraciis me-9 muxlSi. udanaSaulobis pr-
ezumfciam Semdgom asaxva hpova 1948 wlis adamianis ufle-
baTa saerTaSoriso deklaraciaSic. udanaSaulobis prezum-
fcia aris progresuli samarTlebrivi principi, romelic
gamoiyeneba policiuri Zalauflebis SesazRudad. raTa
moxdes pirovnebis dacva dausabuTebeli braldebisagan.
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia moqmedebs sisxlis samarT-
lis procesis yvela stadiaze. gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis
gamotaniT udanaSaulobis prezumfcia kargavs Tavis mniS-
vnelobas _ vinaidan igi gamoxatavs saxelmwifos Sexed-
ulebas pirovnebis braleulobis sakiTxis gadawyvetasTan
dakavSirebiT. ris Semdegac igi wyvets Tavis moqmedebas.
udanaSaulobis prezumfciidan gamomdinareobs mTeli
rigi daskvnebisa: a.daumtkicebeli braleuloba iuridiul
urTierTobaSi utoldeba udanaSaulobis damtkicebas; b.
udanaSaulobis prezumfciidan gamomdinareobs wesis gan-
marteba eWvis sasargeblod. braldebulis sasargeblod,
romelsac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs misi kanonieri
interesebis uzrunvelsayofad da saqmeze obieqturi WeS-
maritebis misaRwevad. g. udanaSaulobis prezumfcia aris
moqalaqis sruli reabilitaciis safuZveli, romelTa
358 359
bralic ar aris damtkicebuli. d.ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlamde pirs ar SeiZleba CamoerTvas saarCevno SromiTi
da sxva mTeli rigi uflebebi. e. udanaSaulobis prezum-
fciis Sesabamisad braldebuli ar aris valdebuli amtki-
cos Tavisi udanaSauloba.
zogierTi procesualuri prezumfciebi moqmedeben gan-
aCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.
WeSmaritebis prezumfcia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gan-
aCenisagan moiTxovs aRiarebuli iqnes WeSmaritebad da
savaldebulod Sesasruleblad yvelafers, rac gadmocemu-
lia kanonier ZalaSi Sesul ganaCenSi.
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis WeSmaritebis prezum-
fcia emyareba mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmadac procesis
stadiis procesualuri garantia sakmarisia sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad. amitom sasamarTlos
ganaCeni – prezumfcirebulia WeSmaritebad.
arsebobs zogierTi kerZo sisxlis saproceso samarT-
lebrivi prezumfciebi:
1. mtkicebulebiTi prezumfcia gamyarebulia saproceso
kanonmdeblobiT, romlis Tanaxmadac, mxolod bralis
aRiareba ar aris sakmarisi ganaCenis gamosatanad.
2. prezumfciulad Tavisi bunebiT aRiarebulia eqspertizis
savaldebulod Catarebis wesi, romlis safuZveli mo-
cemulia kanonSi. Tu eqspertiza ar Catarebula, Sesa-
bamisi garemoeba iTvleba daudgenlad.
3. saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis monawileTa
samarTalsubieqtobis prezumfcia gamomdinareobs iqidan,
rom isini gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi Tu ar aris war-
modgenili sapirispiro mtkicebulebebi.
mtkicebis procesSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze mTa-
var rols TamaSoben faqtiuri prezumfciebi. faqtiuri
prezumfciebi saSualebas iZleva gakeTdes daskvna mosaZebn
faqtze garkveuli niSnebis arsebobisas.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisas gamoiyeneba
bevri Cveulebrivi cxovrebiseuli prezumfciebi.
cxovrebiseuli praqtikuli saqmianoba adamianis, maT
Soris samarTalwarmoebis sferoSi, SeuZlebelia faqtiuri
prezumfciebis gamoyenebis gareSe.
faqtiuri prezumfciebi Tavis gamoyenebas pouloben
sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebis gamoyenebisas, romlebic ar
eqvemdebarebian mtkicebas.
mtkicebis saganTan mWidro kavSirSia mtkicebis far-
glebi.
mtkicebis farglebi aris mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba,
romelic sakmarisia im faqtebisa da garemoebebis dasadgenad,
rac uSualo kavSirSia sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan da
mniSvneloba gaaCnia saqmisaTvis. mtkicebis farglebi Sei-
Zleba Seicvalos saqmis gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi saqmis
ganxilvis dros saqmis garemoebaTa SecvlasTan dakavSire-
biT. mtkicebis farglebs gansazRvravs gamomZiebeli, proku-
rori da sasamarTlo.
gamoZiebis etapze mtkicebis farglebi ganisazRvreba
sabraldebo daskvnaSi. sasamarTlo saqmes ixilavs mxolod
sabraldebo daskvnis farglebSi, Tumca aRniSnuli fargle-
bi SeiZleba Seicvalos sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis
etapzec im SemTxvevaSi Tu gansasjelma Caidina sxva dana-
Saulic, romlis gamoc mas braldeba ar hqonda wayenebuli
an danaSauli Caidina sxva pirebTan erTad, rac ar iyo
dadgenili gamoZiebis etapze. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo
(mosamarTle) ubrunebs saqmes prokurors damatebiTi
gamoZiebis Casatareblad im mizniT, rom gafarTovdes mt-
kicebis farglebi da braldebuls waeyenos axali bral-
360 361
deba. sasamarTloSi mtkicebis farglebi Tavis saboloo
gamoxatulebas poulobs sasamarTlos ganaCenSi.
$4. mtkicebulebaTa calkeuli $4. mtkicebulebaTa calkeuli
saxeebisaxeebi
mtkicebulebaTa cneba rogorc faqtiuri monacemebisa
da procesualuri wyaroebis erTianoba iZleva saSualebas
movaxdinoT mtkicebulebaTa dayofa calkeul saxeebad.
mtkicebulebaTa saxeebi (wyaroebi) da maTi arsi Camoyal-
ibebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis XVI
TavSi. mtkicebulebaTa saxeebs miekuTvneba: 1.eWvmitanilis
Cveneba; 2.braldebulis Cveneba; 3.gansasjelis Cveneba;
4.dazaralebulis Cveneba; 5.mowmis Cveneba; 6.eqspertis
daskvna; 7.nivTieri mtkicebulebebi; 8.sagamoZiebo moqmede-
bis, sasamarTlo moqmedebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis
oqmebi; 9.sxva dokumentebi; 10.nebismieri saxis audio-video
Canaweri.
1. eWvmitanilis Cveneba.1. eWvmitanilis Cveneba. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi
eWvmitanilad iTvleba piri, romlis Sesaxebac arsebobs
safuZveli, rom man Caidina danaSauli, magram ar aris sak-
marisi mtkicebuleba misTvis braldebis wasayeneblad. ris
Sesaxebac gamomZiebels prokuroris TanxmobiT, prokurors
gamoaqvs dadgenileba piris eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
eWvmitanilis mimarT dakaveba, rogorc Tavisuflebis
xanmokle aRkveTa gamoiyeneba maSin rodesac Cadenilia
iseTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisTvisac pirs sasjelis
saxiT SeiZleba Seefardos Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da arse-
bobs safuZveliani eWvi, rom mocemulma pirma Caidina
aseTi danaSauli da mosalodnelia misi gaqceva, an misi
TavisuflebaSi yofna xels SeuSlis winaswar gamoZiebas,
an gaanadgurebs mtkicebulebas. amasTan kanoniT gansaz-
Rvrulia Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iqnes cnobili da
dakavebuli piri eWvmitanilad. kerZod: sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis Tanaxmad, piri eWvmita-
nilis saxiT SeiZleba dakavebuli iqnes im SemTxvevaSi Tu
: a. pirs waaswres danaSaulis Cadenisas an CadenisTanave;
b. TviTmxilvelebi, maT Soris dazaralebulic, pirdapir
miuTiTeben am pirze, rogorc danaSaulis Camdenze; g. pirze,
masTan an mis tanisamosze aRmoCndeba Cadenili danaSaulis
aSkara kvali; d. piri miimala danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg,
magram Semdgom igi amoicno dazaralebulma; e. piris mimarT
gamotanilia ganCineba (dadgenileba) Zebnis warmoebis Ses-
axeb; v. piri SesaZloa miimalos;
eWvmitanilis dakavebis saerTo vada ganisazRvreba 48
saaTiT. kerZod 48 saaTis amowurvamde unda waredginos
pirs braldeba winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mis mimarT dakaveb-
isa da eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb gamotanili dadge-
nileba unda gauqmdes da igi dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisu-
fldes. aRniSnuli garemoebebis garda saproceso kanonmde-
blobiT mkafiodaa gansazRvruli misi ufleba-movaleobebi.
am uflebebis darRveviT dasakiTxi pirisagan miRebuli
Cveneba, raoden mniSvnelovanic ar unda iyos igi gamoZie-
bisaTvis dakargavs mtkicebulebiT mniSvnelobas.
eWvmitanilis Cveneba aris dakiTxvis an sxva sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebis Catarebisas mis mier micemuli informacia,
romelic uaryofs an adasturebs mis mimarT arsebul eWvs,
agreTve informacias sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniS-
vnelobis mqone misTvis cnobili sxva garemoebebis Sesaxeb,
anu im garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelic faqtiurad gaxda
safuZveli misi eWvmitanili saxiT cnobisa, dakavebis an mis
362 363
mimarT aRkveTi RonisZiebis SerCevisa, misTvis braldebis
wardgenamde.
eWvmitanilis Cvenebas gaaCnia bevri saerTo braldebulis
CvenebasTan. es vlindeba SemdegSi: a. orive maTgani pirovnu-
li xasiaTis mtkicebulebebia; b. isini zepiri xasiaTis
Cvenebebia; g. eWvmitanilis Cvenebis utyuarobis procesua-
luri garantiebi igivea rac braldebulis Cvenebis SemTx-
vevaSi; d. eWvmitanilis Cveneba aris ara mxolod mtkiceb-
ulebaTa wyaro, aramed saSualebac misi kanonieri inter-
esebis dasacavad. Tumca amave dros eWvmitanilis Cveneba
gansxvavdeba braldebulis Cvenebisagan subieqtiT, sagniTa
da Cvenebis procesualuri mniSvnelobiT.
eWvmitanilis Cvenebis Sefaseba unda moxdes iseve
rogorc yvela sxva mtkicebulebebis. gasaTvaliswinebulia
eWvmitanilis Cvenebis fsiqologia: Cvenebis motivebi, miz-
nebi da sxva subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebi1.
2. braldebulis Cveneba. 2. braldebulis Cveneba. braldebulis Cveneba aris
dakiTxvis an sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebisas mis
mier micemuli informacia.
braldebulis Cvenebis Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom subieqtis saxiT gamodis TviT braldebuli
1 eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis instituti faqtiurad ori identuri
institutia. vinaidan eWvmitanilad cnobisaTvis garkveuli eWvi unda arse-
bobdes, xolo bralis wasayeneblad ki dasabuTebuli varaudi _ mtkicebule-
baTa erTobliobiT anu is mtkicebulebebi, romelic SesaZleblobas iZlevian
albaTobis maRali xarisxiT damtkicdes konkretuli piris mier danaSaulis
Cadena. anu am SemTxvevaSic arsebobs albaTobis anu eWvis maRali xarisxi da
ratom ar SeiZleba aRniSnulidan gamomdinare piri pirdapir iqnes dakiTxuli
braldebulis saxiT? aRniSnuli mosazreba arsebobda qarTul procesualur
literaturaSi jer kidev gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSic (ix.b.xaraziSvili
,,mtkicebiTi samarTali~ Tsu gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1982w. gv.251.)romelmac
Tavisi asaxva mxolod amJamad hpova sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
proeqtSi.
piri,romelTan dakavSirebiTac aris gamotanili dadge-
nileba piris braldebulad cnobis Sesaxeb.
braldebulis Cveneba emsaxureba danaSulis garemoebe-
bis dadgenas da amave dros warmoadgens braldebulis
Tavdacvis saSualebas wayenebuli braldebisagan.
braldebulis Cvenebis sagani ganisazRvreba rogorc wesi
mis mimarT wayenebuli braldebiT.
braldebulma SeiZleba Tavi cnos damnaSaved, an uaryos
brali, miuTiTos sxva pirTa braleulobaze, an isargeblos
dumilis uflebiT, ar upasuxos dasmul SekiTxvebs. bral-
debulis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an cru Cven-
ebis micemis faqti ar SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc misi
braleulobis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba.
braldebulis Cvenebis miReba SesaZlebelia dakavebis
momentSi an Tu dakaveba ar xdeba braldebulad cnobisTa-
nave dauyovnebliv. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom braldebulis
nebismieri dakiTxvis win, misTvis gasageb enaze unda ecno-
bos braldebis arsi; braldebuli ar aris valdebuli misces
Cveneba; braldebulis dakiTxvis wesi maT Soris arasrul-
wlovanis dakiTxvis wesi da misi Cvenebis fiqsaciis wesi
warmoadgens arsebiT garantias braldebulisagan swori
Cvenebis misaRebad.
braldebuls, iseve rogorc mowmes an dazaralebuls
ufleba aqvs misces Cveneba yovelgvari iZulebis gareSe.
akrZalulia braldebulis Cvenebis miReba Zaladobis,
muqaris an sxva ukanono meTodebis gamoyenebiT.
termini ,,Cveneba~ gulisxmobs braldebulis mier ara
mxolod faqtobrivi monacemebis gadmocemas, aramed mis mier
braldebis gamo gakeTebul ganmartebebs da informacias,
rasac mniSvneloba aqvs sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis.
Sinaarsis mixedviT braldebulis Cveneba warmoadgens
364 365
dakiTxvaze saqmesTan dakavSirebul arsebiTi mniSvnelobis
mqone gancxadebas. e.i. mis mier cnobili faqtebis gadmo-
cemas.
braldebulis Cveneba sisxlis samarTlis procesis gan-
viTarebis sxvadasxva etapze yovelTvis imyofeboda yura-
dRebis centrSi. xSirad braldebulis mier bralis aRi-
areba formalurad iyo aRiarebuli ,,saukeTeso mtkiceb-
ulebad~, ,,mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad~. mas gansakuTrebuli
mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. amasTan dakavSirebiT
praqtika orientirebuli iyo am saxis mtkicebulebaze
rogorc wamebis aseve civilizebul sazogadoebaSi dagmo-
bili sxva meTodebis saSualebiT. aseTi midgoma iyo gaba-
tonebuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis aRzevebis peri-
odSi, romelic emyareboda mtkicebulebaTa maqsimalur
formalizacias.
amJamad gavrcelebuli mosazrebebis Tanaxmad bralde-
bulis Cvenebas ar unda mieniWos upiratesi mniSvneloba.
igi unda Sefasdes rogorc sxva saxis mtkicebulebebi,
Tavisuflad mxolod Sinagani rwmeniT1. vinaidan aRniSnuli
aseve negatiurad moqmedebs adamianis (pirovnebis) uflebe-
bis dacvaze, igi faqtiurad ganapirobebs ganaCenis gamotanas
im sakiTxis gadawyvetis gareSe realurad hqonda Tu ara
adgili danaSaulebriv faqts da damnaSavea Tu ara mis
CadenaSi gansasjeli.
bralis aRiareba SeiZleba davyoT 2 nawilad: srul da
1 magram arsebobs sxva saxis midgomac. mag:anglosaqsur sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesSi, braldebulis mier br¬a¬lis aRiareba sasamarTloSi imis
safuZvelia, rom nafici msajulebi ar dakompleqtdes da mtkiceb¬u¬l¬eb¬aT¬a
sasamarTlo Semowmeba ar ganxorcieldes. sasamarTlo axorcielebs sasjelis
daniSvnas, aRniSnuli mi¬d¬goma ki negatiurad moqmedebs pirovnebis uflebebze,
vinaidan SesaZlebeli xdeba ganaCenis ganaCenis gamotana s¬ak¬iTxis gamokvlevis
gareSe da xdeba piris Tavisuflebis aRkveTis safuZveli.
nawilobriv aRiarebad.
srulia braldebulis iseTi aRiareba, rodesac bral-
debuli braldebis calkeul epizodebs ar eTanxmeba da
sadavod xdis. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare aRiarebad CaiTv-
leba da pirdapiri mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba mieniWeba
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi moicavs ara marto dadeb-
iT pasuxs wardgenil braldebaze, aramed iseT cnobebze
miuTiTebs, romelic braldebulis mier danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis Cadenis faqts adastureneben.
praqtikaSi xSiria braldebulis mier cru Cvenebis
aRiarebis SemTxvevebi.
cru aRiareba ewodeba braldebulis iseT cru Cvenebas,
romelSic igi miuTiTebs viTomda mis mier danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis Cadenis faqts, Tumca gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvs,
rom es qmedeba mas ar Caudenia.
braldebulis cru aRiarebisagan SeiZleba ganvasxvavoT
braldebulis SecdomiT aRiareba, rodesac braldebuls
SecdomiT hgonia, rom danaSaulebrivi qmedeba man Caidina
da amitomac Tavs damnaSaved cnobs da miuTiTebs viTomda
mis mier Cadenili danaSaulis garemoebebze, gansxvaveba
braldebulis cru da SecdomiT aRiarebas Soris gamoix-
ateba ganzraxvaSi, piris subieqtur damokidebulebaSi misi
naTqvamis mimarT.
cru aRiarebis dros braldebuls gaTviTcnobierebuli
aqvs, rom inkriminirebuli qmedeba mas ar Caudenia, magram
garkveuli motivis gamo igi ganzrax ibralebs danaSauls.
yuradRebas ipyrobs braldebulis mier danaSaulis gu-
laxdili monanieba, romelsac gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi
bralis aRiarebiT gamocxadebasTan erTad, kanonmdebeli
Semamsubuqebel garemoebad miiCnevs.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare braldebulis
366 367
Cveneba unda Sefasdes obieqturad yvela im obieqturi da
subieqturi faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT rac aucilebelia
saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.
3. gansasjelis Cveneba.3. gansasjelis Cveneba. gansasjelis Cveneba mtkicebule-
baTa damoukidebelia saxea. gansasjelis Cveneba xasiaTdeba
imave kriteriumiT, rogorc braldebulis Cveneba, magram
igi damaxasiaTebelia ara gamoZiebisaTvis, aramed sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis.kerZod: gansasjelis Cveneba
aris mis mier sasamarTloSi micemuli Cveneba, romelic
uaryofs an adasturebs wayenebul braldebas, agreTve in-
formacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
misTvis cnobil sxva garemoebaTa Sesaxeb. gansasjelisaTvis
Cvenebis micema aris ufleba da ara valdebuleba. gansasje-
lis mier uaris Tqma Cvenebis micemaze an cru Cvenebis
micema ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes misi bralis damadas-
turebel mtkicebulebad.
gansasjelis mier bralis aRiareba sasamarTloSi ar
SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos braldebasa da gamamtyunebel
sasamarTlo ganaCens, Tu bralis aRiareba sasamarTloSi
damtkicebuli ar aris saqmeze Sekrebil sxva mtkicebule-
baTa erToblobiT.
4. dazaralebulis Cveneba.4. dazaralebulis Cveneba. dazaralebulis Cveneba, iseve,
rogorc mowmis Cveneba s.s.s.k.116-e muxlis Sesabamisad aris
Setyobineba faqtobriv garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romelic unda
dadgindes sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze agreTve Setyobineba
eWvmitanilTan (braldebulTan) urTierTobis Sesaxeb.
dazaralebuli iseve rogorc mowme valdebulia misces
swori Cveneba da miuTiTos informaciis wyaroze.
im SemTxvevaSi Tu mas ar SeuZlia informaciis wyaros
miTiTeba, Cveneba kargavs mtkicebulebiT mniSvnelobas. maT
aseve ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba Cvenebis micemaze uaris
TqmisaTvis da cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis, anu dazaralebu-
lis Cvenebas mWidro kavSiri aqvs mowmis CvenebasTan. magram
mas miuxedavad aseTi msgavsebisa aseve axasiaTebs mTeli
rigi Tavisebureba,romelic ganpirobebulia TviT subieqtis
procesualuri mdgomareobiT. kerZod: dazaralebuli,
rogorc wesi aris saqmis SedegiT dainteresebuli piri,
mas aqvs SesaZlebloba gaecnos saqmis masalebs winaswari
gamoZiebis dasrulebisas da daeswros saqmis ganxilvas
sasamarTloSi saqmis mTeli ganxilvis procesSi.
dazaralebulis Setyobineba mtkicebuleba ver iqneba,
Tu mowodebuli faqtis wyaros ver miuTiTebs, an Tu dadg-
indeba, rom fsiqikuri avadmyofobis, Wkuasustobis an
mcirewlovanebis gamo SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas, daimaxsov-
ros da aRidginos faqtebi.
sssk. Sesabamisad dazaralebuli SeiZleba iyos ara mx-
olod fizikuri piri, aseve iuridiuli piri da saxelmwifo,
vinaidan iseve rogorc fizikur pirs aseve iuridiul pir-
sac da saxelmwifos SeiZleba miadges moraluri da mate-
rialuri ziani (termini ,,dazaralebuli~ sityva ,,zarals~
ukavSirdeba,zarali ki sityva ,,dazrobisagan~unda iyos
nawarmoebi1).
dazaralebulis ganmartebas ar gaaCnia wminda proce-
sualuri datvirTva, radgan igi dafuZnebulia materialur
samarTlebriv niSnebze. amdenad dazaralebulze, rogorc
pirze, romelsac danaSaulis Sedegad miadga ziani – iT-
valiswebs sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, Tumca maTi
Sinaarsi mkveTrad gansxvavebulia. procesualuri mxare
moicavs im pirobebs romelSic dazaralebuli xdeba sisx-
1 s.saba orbelianis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT termini dazroba
yinvisagan dawvas niSnavs. sulxan-saba orbelianis qarTul sityvaTa ganmarte-
biTi leqsikoni – Tbilisi ,,merani~ 1989w.gv.189gv.
368 369
lis samarTlis procesis monawile da iZens masTan dakav-
Sirebul procesualur uflebebsa da movaleobebs, xolo
sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi jer kidev ar arsebobs
dazaralebulis cnebis Camoyalibebuli formulireba, is
asaxavs danaSauliT miyenebuli zianis obieqtur faqts. piri
dazaralebulad iTvleba im momentidan ra momentidanac
adgili aqvs danaSaulebriv zewolas misi kanoniT daculi
uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis mimarT. danaSaulis
Sedegad miyenebuli materialuri, fizikuri da qonebrivi
ziani ki warmoadgens dazaralebulis cnebis materialur
samarTlebriv mxares.
saerTaSoriso samarTali iyenebs ara termin ,,dazarale-
buls~ aramed, ,,msxverpls~, kerZod, masSi naTqvamia: ter-
mini ,,msxverpli~ niSnavs pirs, romelsac erovnuli sisxlis
samarTlis kanonebis darRveviT ayeneben zians, ziani ki
ganimarteba ufro farTod, vidre saqarTvelos kanonmde-
blobaSi mas miakuTvneben ara marto sxeulis dazianebebs,
moralursa da materialur zarals, aramed msxverplis
emociur tanjvas, agreTve pirovnebis ZiriTad uflebaTa
arsebiT Selaxvas (deklaracia 1.18mux).
arsebiTi yuradReba unda mieniWos dazaralebulis Cve-
nebis Sefasebisas motivsa da mizans. vinaidan dazarale-
bulma ar SeiZleba ,,Cveneba misces uneburad~, igi garkveul
mizans isaxavs da ra Tqma unda garkveuli motivic gaaCnia.
dazaralebulma SeiZleba Tavisi reputaciis Selaxvis
Tavidan acilebis gamo garkveulwilad daamaxinjos faqte-
bi an cru dazaralebuladac mogvaCvenos Tavi. mag: im
SemTxvevaSi rodesac saqme exeba sqesobrivi xasiaTis dana-
Sauls, dazaralebuli SeiZleba malavdes namdvil mizezs
da mas sxva danaSaulis saxiT warmogvidgendes an piriqiT
axdendes danaSaulis inscenirebas, mag:rodesac qali Tavisi
xeliT miiyenebs dazianebebs an sxva mizeziT ganviTarebul
dazianebebs miawers sqesobriv Zaladobas. am saxis Zaladobis
faqtis dasadgenad saWiroa gamomZiebelma saqmis garemoebe-
bis zusti Seswavlis safuZvelze moaxdinos daskvnis ga-
keTeba.
Tumca garda amisa aucileblad unda iqnes miRebuli
mxedvelobaSi sxva garemoebebic, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios
araswori, cru Cveneba, aseTi ki SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos
braldebulis, eWvmitanilis an misi axloblebis daSinebis,
aseve samsaxuris dakargvis SiSiTac.
5. mowmis Cveneba.5. mowmis Cveneba. mowmis Cveneba sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze
gavrcelebuli, Seucvleli da damoukidebeli saxis mtkice-
bulebaa. rac upirveles yovlisa dasakiTxi pirisagan im
faqtebisa da monacemebis SetyobinebaSi gamoixateba, rasac
udidesi mniSvneloba gaaCnia da rac unda dadgindes sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeze. igi SeiZleba iyos sinamdvilis
(WeSmaritebis) dadgenis utyuari saSualeba. mowmed Sei-
Zleba daikiTxos nebismieri fizikuri piri, romelsac aqvs
unari sworad aRiqvas da mexsierebaSi aRidginos garesam-
yaros movlenebi. fizikuri piris unars, iyos mowme, kano-
ni ar ukavSirebs gansazRvruli asakis miRwevas amitom
mowmed SeiZleba daikiTxos mcirewlovanic.
mowmis Cveneba Tavis mtkicebulebiT mniSvnelobas kargavs
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mowme warmodgenili informaciis
wyaros ver miuTiTebs, an Tu dadgindeba, rom fsiqikuri
avadmyofobis an fizikuri naklis gamo ar SeuZlia sworad
aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da aRidginos faqtebi1.
1 mowmis Cvenebas yovelTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar eniWeboda da arc
mtkicebulebaTa erT-erT yvelaze gavrcelebul saxes warmoadgenda. mag: IX-XIV
ss. rodesac qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba ganaviTarebis maRal safexurze idga
370 371
mowmis Cvenebis sagans warmoadgens nebismieri gare-
moeba, romelic eqvemdebareba mtkicebas sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze.mowmis Cveneba unda Seicavdes konkretul monacemebs
garkveul garemoebebze.
mowmis Cvenebis subieqti SeiZleba iyos nebismieri piri,
romlisTvisac cnobili gaxda garemoebebi, romelic eqvem-
debareba mtkicebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.Tumca aRniS-
nul wess gaaCnia garkveuli gamonaklisic. kerZod: sssk
95-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba mowmed gamoiZaxon da
dakiTxon: eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis an
msjavrdebulis damcveli, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo
da samarTlebrivi kulturac Sesabamisad sakmaod maRali iyo mowmis Cvenebasa
da werilobiT sabuTebsac Sesabamisad didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda, Tumca Sem-
dgom saukuneebSi mkveTrad Seicvala, dakninda misi roli da mtkicebulebiTi
mniSvneloba. amis sailustraciod mSvenieri magaliTia vaxtang VI-is samarTlis
wigni, sadac mowmis Cvenebas sasamarTlo mtkicebulebaTa sistemaSi mxolod
mexuTe adgili ukavia ficisa da ordalebis Semdeg; me-13 muxli ki aRniSnulis
sailustraciod mSvenieri magaliTia: ,,mowme diaR swamTa da ician ufro ber-
ZenTa, frangTaca da rusTaca da wminda saxarebac brZanebs, magram aq qarTlSi,
ufro ar ganuwesebiaT~ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, red. i.doliZe, t.I. 1952w.
Tsu gamomc. gv.484). qarTuli samarTliT mowme Cvenebas iZleoda ara marto
sakuTari TvaliT nanaxze, aramed sxvagan mosmenilzec, Tumca ,,gagonilzed mow-
moba naklebad~ sarwmunod iTvleboda. (g.daviTaSvili, sasamarTlo organizacia
da procesi Zv. qarTul samarTalSi, Tsu gamomc.2002w. 102 gv.). gansazRvruli
iyo mowmeTa Tvisebebic, romelic aucileblad unda yofiliyo RvTis moSiSi,
Wkviani, sando, marTali kacis saxelis mqone adamiani. qarTuli samarTali
aseve gansazRvravda mowmeTa raodenobasac, kerZod: vaxtangis samarTlis wigniT
uaryofili iyo 1 mowmis Cvenebis sakmarisoba, ,,pirTa orisa anu samisa mowmi-
saTa daemtkicos yoveli sityva~ rac im garemoebiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom
1 mowmis Cvenebas miiCnevdnen arasarwmunod da arasakmarisad imisaTvis, rom
saqmeze realurad dadgeniliyo WeSmariteba. Tumca es ar exeba mTel saqarT-
velos mag: xevsureTSi zustad ar iyo reglamentirebuli mowmeTa raodenoba.
mowmeTa dakiTxva ZiriTadad sasamarTlo procesze xdeboda, romelsac SeeZlo
ganesazRvra vada mxarisaTvis mowmis mosaZebnad da sasamarTloSi warsadgenad
an sasamarTlo agzavnida kacs adgilze mowmis dasakiTxad da maTTvis Cvenebis
CamosarTmevad. xSir SemTxvevaSi ki mowmeebis Cvenebas ficiTac amtkicebdenen
da Sesabamisad meti mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobac eniWeboda.
mosarCelis, samoqalaqo mopasuxis an im piris warmomad-
geneli, romlis mimarTac gamoiyeneba samedicino xasiaTis
iZulebiTi RonisZieba im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic mis-
Tvis cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi warmomadgenlis an damcvelis
movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT. advokati, romel-
ic iuridiul daxmarebas uwevda pirs dacvis an warmomad-
genlobis miRebamde im garemoebis Sesaxeb,romelic misTvis
cnobili gaxda, dacvis an warmomadgenlobis ganxorciele-
basTan an sxva iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSire-
biT. sasuliero piri, saxalxo damcveli, eWvmitanilis,
braldebulis, gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis axlo naTesavi,
saqarTvelos parlamentis, afxazeTisa da aWaris a.r. umaR-
lesi warmomadgenlobiTi organoebis wevrebi, mosamarTle,
Jurnalisti.
gamomZiebels, sasamarTlos ki ufleba aqvT motivire-
buli dadgenilebiT mowmis movaleobisagan gaaTavisuflon:
eqimi, medicinis da meani, samedicino muSaki, notariusi,
sajaro mosamsaxure, samxedro mosamasaxure, aseve piri
romelic samuSaoze im pirobiT aris miRebuli, rom ar
gaamJRavnebs komerciul an sabanko saidumloebas.
maT Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania: aRsarebis,
saadvokato, samedicino da Jurnalisturi saidumlo,romelic
daculia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanon-
mdeblobiT.
Tanamedrove msoflioSi demokratiuli saxelmwifos da
saerTod samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSenebloba xom war-
moudgenelia rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis
uzrunvelyofis gareSe. aRniSnulma asaxva hpova saqarT-
velos konstituciis me-19 muxlSi, ,,yovel adamians aqvs
aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba da dauSvebelia
devna aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis gamo.~
372 373
igi mWidro kavSirSi aris TviT aRsarebis saidumlosTan,
vinaidan aRsarebis saidumlos dacva uzrunvelyofilia
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis konstituciuri uflebiT.
igi rogorc samarTlebrivi kategoria moqalaqis piradi
cxovrebis saidumlos warmoadgens. sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis es moTxovna ki Sesabamisad zneobriv
principebs emyareba.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania saadvokato saidumlo, romel-
ic profesiulad mindobil saidumloTa Soris erT-erTi
yvelaze uZvelesia.
sssk da saqarTvelos konstituciiT aRiarebulia Ti-
Toeuli moqalaqis ufleba uzrunvelyofili iyos kvali-
fikaciuri, srulfasovani dacviT saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis me-18 muxlis Tanaxmad, dakavebul an dapatimrebul
pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos damcvelis daxmareba rac dauy-
ovnebliv unda dakmayofildes.
saadvokato saqmianoba miCneulia damoukidebel da Tav-
isufal saqmianobad. advokati Tavisufali profesiis piria,
romelic emorCileba kanonsa da profesiuli eTikis normebs.
misi saqmianobis principebs warmoadgens kanoniereba, pro-
fesiuli saidumlosa da profesiuli eTikis normebis
dacva. igi valdebulia daicvas profesiuli saidemlo
gasuli drois miuxedavad da klientis Tanxmobis gareSe
ar gaavrcelos misgan miRebuli informacia.
Tavisi arsiT, saadvokato saidumlo es aris is infor-
macia, romelic unda miawodos advokats dasacavma pirma,
raTa am ukanasknelma ganaxorcielos srulyofili dacva
da aRmouCinos pirs kvalificiuri iuridiuli daxmareba.
ar aqvs mniSvneloba ra informaciaze aris saubari,yvela
SemTxvevaSi miwodebuli informaciis saidumlod Senaxva
saadvokato saqmianobis umTavresi moTxovnaa, radgan ndobis
faqtori aris is umTavresi Rirebuleba, romelsac mTlianad
efuZneba advokatura.
Tumca saadvokato saidumlos mflobeli SeiZleba iyos
ara marto advokati, aramed kanonieri warmomadgeneli.
aRniSnuli pirebis funqcia samarTalwarmoebis procesSi
advokatis funqciis identuria. anu isini valdebulni ar-
ian gamoiyenon kanoniT nebadarTuli yvela saSualeba da
xerxi TavianTi klientis kanonieri interesebisa da ufle-
bebis dasacavad.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania saeqimo (samedicino) saidum-
loebis dacvac, romelsac sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdebloba iTvaliwinebs. eqimi mniSvnelovan informacias
iRebs pacientis rogorc piradi, ise ojaxuri, intimuri,
urTierTobis Sesaxeb. eqimi ki profesiuli saqmianobis
ganxorcielebis Sedegad valdebulia,gamonaklisi SemTxveve-
bis garda saidumlod Seinaxos aRniSnuli informacia da
ar dauSvas misi gaxmaureba pacientis Tanxmobis gareSe
rogorc mis sicocxleSi, ise misi gardacvalebis Semdeg.
saeqimo saidumlos subieqtebs ki eqimis garda warmoad-
genen: eqTani, medda, sanitari, bebiaqali, laboranti da a.S.
anu yvela is piri, visTvisac profesiuli an samsaxure-
brivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas cnobili gaxda pacientis
janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli konfiden-
cialuri informacia.
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba aRiarebs da icavs samedi-
cino saidumlos, rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqis piradi
cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis konstituciuri uflebis erT-
erT mniSvnelovan elements.
rac Seexeba Jurnalists anu Jurnalistur saidumlos,
yovel moqalaqes ufleba aqvs flobdes da avrcelebdes
srulyofil informacias im sazogadoebaze, romelSic igi
374 375
cxovrobs da moRvaweobs. aRniSnuli ufleba aRiarebuli
da garantirebulia rogorc ,,adamianis uflebaTa saerTa-
Soriso deklaraciiT~ ise evropiis konvenciiT ,,adamianis
uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ aseve
saerTaSoriso paqtiT ,,samoqalaqo da politikur ufle-
baTa Sesaxeb.~ mowme sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aris
piri, romelic flobs informacias faqtze (movlenaze)
romelTan dakavSirebiTac mimdinareobs sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis gamoZieba da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilva. amitom
igi warmoadgens Seucvlel Jurnalisturi masalebis sa-
fuZvelze dawyebul gamoZiebas,xSirad ki erTaderTi utyu-
ari mtkicebulebis wyaros.
akrZalvas – garkveuli pirebis mowmis saxiT dakiTxvis
Sesaxeb an maT uflebas uari Tqvan mowmis saxiT Cvenebis
micemaze xSirad mowmis imunitetsac uwodeben.
mowmis Cvenebis Sefaseba xorcieldeba kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenili sasamarTlo – sagamoZiebo Semowmebis safuZvelze.
kerZod: mowme valdebulia: gamocxaddes gamomZieblis,
prokuroris, sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT. sworad acnobos
yvelaferi, rac saqmis gamo icis da upasuxos dasmul
SekiTxvebs, ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT misTvis
cnobili garemoebebi Tu amis Sesaxeb gaafrTxila gamomZie-
belma, prokurorma, sasamarTlom.
Tu mowme ar gamocxaddeba arasapatio mizeziT, igi
SeiZleba iZulebiT moiyvanon. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis-
aTvis, cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis, mowmes daekisreba sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. mowmes ufleba aqvs:
icodes ra saqmis gamoa gamoZaxebuli: Cveneba misces mSob-
liur enaze, Tu man ar icis sisxlis samarTlis procesis
ena isargeblos Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT, sakuTari xeliT
Camoayalibos Tavisi Cveneba da a.S. utyuari Cvenebis miRe-
bas xels uwyobs dakiTxvis procesualuri forma, kerZod
dakiTxvis mimdinareobisas unda iyos gamokvleuli gare-
moebebi, romlebic iZleva saSualebas Sefasdes mowmis
Cvenebis xarisxi. ukanaskneli aucileblad unda iqnes
gaanalizebuli misi sisrulis, Seusabamobis Sesabamisad.
igi aucileblad unda Sedardes faqtiur monacemebs, rom-
lebic miRebulia sxva wyaroebidan. damazustebeli da
Semavsebeli kiTxvebis dasma mowmisaTvis iZleva saSualebas
movaxdinoT misi Cvenebis detalizeba da aRmovfxvraT ar-
sebuli winaaRmdegobebi. mowmis Cvenebis Semowmeba da Se-
faseba grZeldeba mtkicebis mTel procesSi winaswari
gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis mTel sta-
diaze. mowmis Cvenebis Sefaseba xdeba sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kanonmdeblobis sruli dacviT da im Tavisebu-
rebebis gaTvaliwinebiT, romelic am saxis mtkicebulebas
ganekuTvneba. mowmis Cvenebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi Sesa-
bamisad SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos, kerZod: mowmis Cvenebis
simarTlis Tu siyalbis sakiTxis dadgena da im mowmis
Cvenebis obieqturi utyuarobis sakiTxis garkveva romlis
Sesaxebac ar moipoveba monacemebi Segnebulad cru Cveneb-
is micemis Sesaxeb. mowmis Cvenebis Semowmebisa da Sefase-
bisas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia im garemoebebis
dadgenas, rac gavlenas axdens Cvenebis sisworeze, keTilsin-
disierebaze. mowmis cru Cvenebis mizezi SeiZleba iyos:
mtruli, megobruli an naTesauri urTierToba braldeb-
ulTan an mis naTesavebTan. analogiuri vrceldeba
dazaralebulzec.
mowmis Cvenebis Sefasebisas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eni-
Weba 3 ZiriTad faqtors: aRqmas, damaxsovrebasa da gadmo-
cemas.
adamianis mier nebismieri informaciis miReba aRqmis
376 377
gziT iwyeba, romelic aseve TaviseburebiT xasiaTdeba aRqmis
procesSi, aresebiTi aqcenti am SemTxvevaSi unda gakeTdes
asakze, profesiaze, ganwyobasa da smenaze, aseve mxedveloba-
sa da SegrZnebaze, vinaidan aRqmis sisrulesa da sizusteze
swored es faqtorebi axdenen arsebiT zegavlenas. garda
amisa aRqmis procesze aseve Zalze uaryofiTad moqmedebs
emociis iseTi nairsaxeoba, rogoricaa SiSi anu danaSaulis
epizodebis aRqma adamians eqstremalur situaciaSi uxdeba,
romelsac Tan axlavs SiSi, ra drosac TiToeuli saxe
emociisa TamaSobs motivirebul rols. es mxolod sityve-
bia romelsac adamiani gamoxatavs, sityvebi ki Zalze
mwiria imisaTvis, rom srulad moxdes imis gadmocema
rasac realurad ganicdis adamiani.
emocia mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli im informacia-
sTanac, romelsac Cven viRebT garemomcveli samyarosagan.
anu igi warmoiSoba moulodneli movlenis Sedegad, rom-
lisTvisac Cven ver movaswariT momzadeba, ver SevZeliT
yvela informaciis Sekreba, romelic aucilebelia adeqva-
turi reaqciisaTvis e.i. emocia ar warmoiSoba, Tu Cven
vxvdebiT mocemul situacias saWiro monacemebis sakmarisi
maragiT.
aRqmis sisruleze garkveul gavlenas axdens agreTve
meteologiuri pirobebi (wvima, qari, Tovli da a.S.).
damaxsovrebasa da gadmocemazec swored aRniSnuli
faqtorebi axdenen did zegavlenas. damaxsovrebaze did
gavlenas axdens piris janmrTeloba da asaki, aRqmuli sa-
gnebis codna da STabeWdilebis siZliere. zemoaRniSnuli
subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebi aseve did gavlenas
axdens Cvenebis formirebis procesis mesame Semajamebel
stadiaze _ aRqmulisa da damaxsovrebulis gadmocemaze,
romlis drosac mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli piris
midrekileba aRqmuli faqtis gazviadebisa da fantaziisadmi,misi
STagoneba da unari Seucdomlad da srulyofilad gad-
mosces danaSaulebrivi SemTxvevis Sesaxeb aRqmuli da
damaxsovrebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi.
mowmis sicruis gamosamJRavneblad ki yvelaze saimedo
saSualebas Cvenebis micemis motivis (fsiqologiuri qcevis)
Seswavla warmoadgens, ris gamoc mizanSewonilia im urT-
ierTobis Semowmeba, rac SeiZleba arsebobdes mowmesa da
procesis sxva monawileebs Soris.
Tu mowmis mier winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo
ganxilvis dros micemul Cvenebebs Soris arsebiTi winaaRm-
degobaa, mxares ufleba aqvs mosamarTlis winaSe daayenos
Suamdgomloba mocemuli Cvenebis dauSvebel mtkicebulebad
cnobis Sesaxeb.
6. eqspertis daskvna.6. eqspertis daskvna. istoriulad cnobilia, rom eqsper-
tad moixsenieboda is piri, romelic specialuri codniT
iyo aRWurvili da romelsac ,,xelovan kacs,~ an ,,damfaseb-
elsac~ uwodebdnen, mosamarTleebic swored eqspertTa
daskvnas eyrdnobodnen – romelTac avaldebdnen SeeswavlaT
esa Tu is sakiTxi da warmoedginaT werilobiTi daskvna,
aseTi pirebi ki Sesabamisad eqspertebad, xolo maT mier
Sedgenili dokumentebi eqspertis daskvnad iwodeboda,
romelsac ganaCenis dasabuTebisaTvis iyenebdnen.
eqspertis daskvnasTan dakavSirebiT procesualur lit-
eraturaSi XIXs. 90-ian wlebsa da XXs. dasawyisSi azrTa
sxvadasxvaoba arsebobda. mecnierTa nawili eqspertis daskv-
nas sxva damamtkicebel sabuTebTan SedarebiT upirates
mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen1. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad,
marTalia eqspertis daskvna garkveuli TaviseburebiT gam-
1 Фойницкий, Курс уголовного судопроизводства, 1899г. стр. 59
378 379
oirCeva, magram misTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mini-
Weba dauSvebelia.
eqspertis daskvnis saproceso forma ganisazRvreba am
saxis mtkicebulebaTa TaviseburebiT.
eqspertis daskvna rogorc mtkicebulebis erT-erTi
saxe arsebiTad gansxvavdeba mowmisa da braldebulis (aseve
sxva saxis mtkicebulebebisagan)Cvenebisagan ramodenime
garemoebiT.
monacemTa wres, romelsac SeiZleba Seicavdes procesis
dasaxelebuli monawileebis Cvenebebi, ganisazRvreba gare-
moebaTa xasiaTiT,romelic eqvemdebareba mtkicebas mocemul
saqmeze. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 96-e mux-
lis Tanaxmad: eqsperti aris piri, romelsac aqvs special-
uri codna mecnierebis, teqnikis, xelovnebis an xelobis
dargSi da romelic gamomZiebelma, prokurorma an sasamarT-
lom, braldebulma, damcvelma, dazaralebulma daniSna
specialuri gamokvlevis Casatareblad da sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeze saWiro garemoebaTa Sesaxeb daskvnis Sesad-
genad, muSaobs saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi an aqvs licenzia,
iZleva daskvnas Tavisi saxeliT Catarebuli gamokvlevis
safuZvelze da akisria piradi pasuxismgebloba.
specialuri codna, gulisxmobs iseT codnas, romel-
ic scildeba samarTlebrivi codnisa da sayovelTaod
aRiarebuli principebis (WeSmaritebis)farglebs, rom-
lebic gamomdinareoben adamianTa gamocdilebidan da
efuZnebian mas.
specialur codnaSi igulisxmeba profesionaluri cod-
nis, Cvevebisa da ostatobis iseTi erToblioba, romelic
SeZenilia specialuri ganaTlebis Sedegad an dagrovili
gamocdilebis Sedegad. Seesabameba mecnierebis,teqnikis,
xelovnebis an xelobis gansazRvrul sferos ganviTarebis
Tanamedrove dones da sakmarisia saeqsperto gamokvlevis
Casatareblad da kompetenturi daskvnis misaRebad saqmis-
aTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.
specialuri codna ar miekuTvneba im sayovelTaod cno-
bili, sayovelTaod xelmisawvdomi codnis ricxvs, romel-
ic masobrivadaa gavrcelebuli e.i. specialuri codna es
is codnaa, romelsac profesionalur doneze flobs spe-
cialistebis mxolod viwro wre. Tavisi xasiaTiT eqspertis
mosazrebebi, romelic gamomdinareobs Catarebuli gamokv-
levidan SeiZleba iyo mxolod kategoriuli da safuZv-
liani1.
specialuri codna gaaCnia specialistsac,magram yvela
specialisti rodia eqsperti. procesis es ori monawile
gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. eqsperts waredgineba gansa-
kuTrebuli moTxovnebi. igi ar unda iyos saqmis SedegiT
dainteresebuli piri da unda iyos amave dros kompeten-
turi konkretuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas .igi
valdebulia:a.gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris,
sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT;misces Cveneba Catarebul eqsper-
tizasTan dakavSirebiT winaswari gamoZiebisas an sasa-
marTlo ganxilvis dros;misces dasabuTebuli da obieq-
turi werilobiTi daskvna dasmul kiTxvebze;ganacxados
TviTacileba da a.S.
rac Seexeba uflebas, mas SeuZlia: gaecnos eqspertiz-
isaTvis saWiro masalebs amoiweros saqmisaTvis saWiro
cnobebi da gadaiRos aslebi; moiTxovos damatebiTi ma-
salebis wardgena; uari Tqvas daskvnis micemaze Tu das-
1 eqspertis daskvna SeiZleba iyos dadebiT kategoriuli an uryofiTi
kategoriuli. sisxlis samarTlis sap¬r¬oceso kodeqsi aseve iTvaliswinebs
saalbaTo an savaraudo daskvnas romelsac ra Tqma unda mt¬ki¬c¬eb¬u¬lebiTi
mniSvneloba ar mieniWeba.
380 381
muli sakiTxebi scildeba misi specialuri codnis farglebs
an misTvis wardgenili masalebi sakmarisi ar aris daskvnis
misacemad; Camoayalibos daskvna ara marto dasmul sakiTx-
ebze, aramed eqspertizis sagans mikuTvnebul sxva sakiTx-
ebzedac, romelTa gamoc misTvis ar dausvamT kiTxvebi; da
a.S. xolo specialisti mxolod saWiro daxmarebas uwevs
gamomZiebels, prokurorsa da sasamarTlos mtkicebulebaTa
aRmoCenaSi, damagrebasa da demonstrirebaSi da ar atarebs
raime saxis gamokvlevas.
mtkicebulebaTa sxva saxeebisagan gansxvavebiT kanoni
adgens garemoebebs, rodesac –eqspertis daskvnis gareSe ar
SeiZleba iqnes aRiarebuli dadgenilad an daudgenlad
iseTi garemoebebi, rogoricaa: a.sikvdilis mizezi; b.janm-
rTelobisaTvis miyenebuli zianis xarisxi da xasiaTi;
g.braldebulis fizikuri an fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, rode-
sac warmoiSveba eWvi, misi Seracxadobis Sesaxeb.
braldebulis asaki,rodesac aRniSnuls aqvs mniS-
vneloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesaTvis, xolo dokumen-
tebi, romelic adasturebs mis asaks, ar arsebobs an iwvevs
eWvs.
mowmisagan gansxvavebiT, eqsperti, rogorc wesi, aRiqvams
ara iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebs, aramed mtkice-
bulebiT faqtebs. eqspertis daskvnis formirebis process
win uswrebs eqspertis mier aRqmuli da gamokvleuli mt-
kicebulebebis formirebis procesi.
kanonma gansazRvra eqspertis daskvnis, rogorc mtkice-
bulebaTa erT-erTi saxis arsebiTi xasiaTi:werilobiTi
xasiaTi. Sinaarsi ki ganisazRvra eqspertisadmi dasmul
kiTxvebze pasuxiT romelic unda moicavdes mis mier Catare-
buli gamokvlevis aRweras. eqspertis daskvnaSi mtkiceb-
ulebis mniSvneloba aqvs rogorc kvleviT nawils, ise
eqspertiziT dadgenil Sedegs.eqspertis daskvna struqtu-
rulad 3 nawilisagan:Sesavali,aRwerilobiTi da daskvniTi
nawilisagan Sedgeba.
eqspertis daskvnis dasaSveboba fasdeba ramodenime
parametriT: a.eqspertis kvalifikaciis Sesabamisoba Catare-
bul eqspertizasTan; b.kanonmdeblobis sruli dacva; g.
nivTier da sxva saxis mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba, romel-
ic emsaxureba saeqsperto gamokvlevis obieqtebs.
eqspertis daskvnis Sefasebis dasabuTeba moicavs Tavis
TavSi eqspertis mier gamoyenebuli meTodikis gamoyenebas.
gamokvlevis dros eqspertis mier Sesrulebuli foto da
suraTi, grafika, cxrili, naxazi, eqspertis daskvnis Se-
madgeneli nawilia.
SedarebiTi gamokvlevis dros eqspertis mier gakeTeb-
uli eqsperimentuli tyviebi, masrebi da sxva nimuSebi unda
daerTos saqmes, rogor nivTieri mtkicebuleba.
eqspertis daskvna dgeba im SemTxvevaSic, roca eqspert-
ma gamokvleva daiwyo, magram ver daasrula kvlevis obieqte-
bis arasakmarisobis an sakuTari arakompetenturobis gamo.
Tu gamokvlevis dawyebamde darwmundeba kvlevis obieqte-
bis arasakmarisobaSi an sakuTar arakompetenturobaSi, igi
adgens aqts, rom SeuZlebelia eqspertizis Catareba, da am
aqts eqspertizisaTvis gagzavnil sagnebTan erTad ugzavnis
organos, romelmac eqspertiza daniSna. Tu mecnierebisa da
teqnikis Tanamedrove done eqspertis winaSe dasmul sakiTx-
ebze pasuxis gacemis SesaZleblobas iZleva,magram eqsperts
ara aqvs amisaTvis saWiro codna, xelsawyoebi da
reaqtivebi,mas ufleba aqvs miuTiTos,romel samecniero-
kvleviT dawesebulebaSi SeiZleba Catardes aseTi eqsper-
tiza.
Tu saWiro ar aris damatebiTi da axali gamokvlevis
382 383
Catareba eqspertis Cveneba ganmartavs da avsebs mis daskv-
nas.
saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTulis an mniSvnelobidan
gamomdinare eqspertizis Catareba SeiZleba daekisros ra-
modenime eqsperts. im SemTxvevaSi rodesac eqspertizas
atarebs erTi specialobis mqone ramodenime eqsperti
ewodeba sakomisio eqspertiza.
amasTan eqspertebs daskvnis micemisas ufleba aqvT
mosazrebebi gamoTqvan. Tu komisiis wevrebi mivlen saerTo
daskvnamde _ isini adgenen erTian daskvnas. eqspertiza,
romlis CatarebaSic monawileoben ramodenime sxvadasxva
specialobis mqone eqspertebi ewodeba kompleqsuri eqsper-
tiza.
kompleqsuri eqspertizis warmoebisas yoveli eqsperti
atarebs gamokvlevas Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi. Tu
ar arsebobs azrTa sxvadsxvaoba eqspertebs Soris, daskvna
formdeba komisiuri eqspertizis wesiT.
7. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi.7. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi. nivTieri mtkicebuleba
ewodeba nebismier sagans, romelic Tavisi TvisebebiTa da
niSnebiT, warmoSobiT, aRmoCenis adgiliTa da droiT, masze
darCenili kvaliT dakavSirebulia saqmis faqtobriv gare-
moebebTan da romelsac SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos WeSmarite-
bis dadgenas1.
1 nivTieri damamtkicebeli sabuTi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT yovelTvis ipy-
robda mecnierTa yuradRebas, rac aris mizezic imisa, rom naSromebis didi
nawili sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi sw¬o¬r¬ed aRniSnul
sakiTxs ukavSirdeba. am mecnierTa Soris ki SeiZleba gamovyoT: l.e.vladimirovi,
v.k.¬sluCevski, i.i.foinicki, da sxva avtorebi. Zvelia TviT cnebac ,,nivTieri
mtkicebul¬ebebi¬sa,~romelic jer kidev mravali saukunis win damkvidrdda.
mag: i.eversi mis warmoSobas ruseTsa da saberZneTs So¬ris 911 wels dade-
bul xelSekrulebas ukavSirebs, romlis pirvelive muxlSic avtori ,,Cvene-
bi~ qveS mo¬iazrebs ,,yvela garegan niSans, Wrilobas, laqas.~ Zveli ruseTis
samarTlebriv aqtebSi ki saubaria mtki¬cebulebiTi informaciis matarebel
nivTieri mtkicebuleba aris danaSaulis iaraRi, dana-
Saulebrivi qmedebis sagani an masze darCenili danaSaulis
kvali, danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli fuli da faseu-
loba, agreTve yvela sxva sagani, romelic SeiZleba iyos
danaSaulis aRmoCenis, danaSaulis Camdenis dadgenis an
braldebis uaryofis saSualeba. anu SeiZleba aRmoCenili
iqnes aramarto gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi, aramed
iseTebic romelTa meSveobiTac Tavisuflad dadgindeba
Caidina Tu ara konkretulma pirma konkretuli qmedeba.
zogjer sagani SeiZleba flobdes nivTieri mtkicebulebis
ramodenime niSans erTad. mag: moparuli nivTi, romelzedac
aRmoCenilia damnaSavis TiTis kvali _ es cvlileba ki
nivTs SeiZleba ganecada aramarto danaSaulis Cadenis mo-
mentSi, aramed danaSaulis Cadenamde an Cadenis Semdegac,
anu es aris Sedegi ara marto uSualo danaSaulis, aramed
sxva moqmedebebis Sesaxebac, romelic pirdapir an iribad
mowmoben konkretuli piris mier danaSaulis Cadenaze an
uaryofen aRniSnuls.
calke saxed SeiZleba ganvixiloT iseTi sagnebi, rom-
lebic imyofebodnen im garemoSi sadac moxda gamosakvlevi
movlena, magram maT ar ganucdiaT saxecvlileba, ar gad-
konkretul sagnebze, moparul purze, Tevzze, gayalbebul sig¬elebze, saqmisaT-
vis mniSvnelovan gadamalul masalebze da a.S. termini nivTieri mtkicebuleba
pirvelad SemoRebul iqna 1812 wlis 27 ianvars miRebul savele sasamarTlos
warmoebis wesdebaSi, romlis 31-e paragrafSic naTqvamia: ,,saqmes mikuTvnebuli
masalebi (qaRaldebi) SeiZleba iyos dokumentebi, an nivTieri mtkicebulebebi,
romlebic amxelen danaSauls.~ 1864 wels miRebuli sisxlis sasamarTlo
warmoebis wesdeba mtkicebulebebis damoukidebel saxed moixseniebs nivTier
mtkicebulebebs, romelsac miakuTvnebs: ,,iaraRs, romliTac Cadenili danaSauli,
gayalbebul dokumentebs, monetebs, sisxlian an dazianebul sagnebs da saerTod
yvelafers, rac napovnia SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebis, Cxrekis an amoRebi-
sas da romelsac SeuZliaT xeli Seuwyon danaSaulis aRmoCenas da damnaSavis
dadgenas.~
384 385
aadgilebulan, Tumca isini Semecnebis obieqtebi SeiZleba
gaxdnen mxolod or SemTxvevaSi: 1. rodesac gamosakvlevi
movlena warmoadgens piris mier moqmedebaTa Seusrule-
blobas, mag: danaSaulebrivi umoqmedoba da 2. rodesac
gamosakvlev movlenas faqtiurad ar hqonia adgili mag:
danaSaulis inscenireba, yalbi alibi da a.S.
aseve aq SeiZleba ganvixiloT iseTi sagnebi an adgili
sadac uSualod moxda gamosakvlevi movlena, anu SemTxve-
vis adgili romelic garesamyaros nawils da amave dros
erTgvar nivTier mtkicebulebasac warmoadgens zogierT
SemTxvevaSi ki damoukidebeli mtkicebulebis saxiTac war-
mogvidgeba, romlis daxmarebiTac SesaZlebeli xdeba gakeT-
des xSir SemTxvevaSi utyuari daskvna momxdar faqtze.
magram ar SeiZleba uaryoT erTi garemoeba, kerZod is, rom
miuxedavad imisa rom gnoseologiuri TvalsazrisiT SemTx-
vevis adgili da nivTieri mtkicebuleba faqtiurad iden-
turni arian, maT iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT mainc ver ga-
vaTanabrebT – im garemoebis gamo, rom maTi garesamyarodan
amoReba SeuZlebelia da Sesabamisad masze arc im sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis
gavrceleba SeiZleba rac nivTieri mtkicebulebisaTvis aris
dadgenili.
ukanasknel wlebSi kriminalistikuri teqnikis ganvi-
Tarebam mtkicebis procesSi Zalze gazarda nivTieri mt-
kicebulebebis mniSvneloba da roli, rac saSualebas gva-
Zlevs movaxdinoT mtkicebulebebis srulyofilad aRmo-
Cena, amoReba, fiqsireba da maTi gamoyeneba.
sagani nivTier mtkicebulebad cnobili unda iqnes pro-
cesis mwarmoebeli organos ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT).
nivTieri mtkicebuleba saqmeze darTvamde unda Semowmdes
da dailuqos damswreTa TandaswrebiT. Semowmebisas unda
gamovlindes da aRiweros sagnis individualuri, xolo Tu
amis SesaZlebloba ar aris gvareobiTi niSnebi, romlis
Sedegebic aisaxeba oqmSi. luqis moxsna da nivTieri mt-
kicebulebis ganmeorebiT Semowmeba xdeba damswreTa
monawileobiT.
nivTieri mtkicebuleba dauSveblad iTvleba Tu uaryo-
fili ar aris varaudi misi SesaZlo gamocvlis, an misi
niSnebisa da Tvisebebis arsebiTi Secvlis, anda masze dar-
Cenili kvalis gaqrobis Sesaxeb.
nivTieri mtkicebulebebi unda Semowmdes da gamokvleul
iqnes sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadge-
nili wesis Sesabamisad.
saerTo wesidan gamomdinare nivTieri mtkicebuleba aris
iribi mtkicebuleba. amitom kargad unda dadgindes maTi
Sesaxeboba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan. Tumca sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebis Catarebis dros yovelTvis ar aris saTanado
SesaZlebloba dadebiTad gadawydes aRniSnuli sakiTxi.
nivTieri mtkicebulebis formirebis procesualuri
etapi sakmaod rTulia. dawvrilebiT unda iyos dadgenili
nivTier mtkicebulebaTa utyuaroba, vinaidan rogorc praq-
tika mowmobs nivTieri mtkicebuleba SeiZleba falsificire-
buli iyos dainteresebuli pirebis mier: gayalbebuli,
xelovnurad Seqmnili, an saerTod ganadgurebuli. nivTier
mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis sakiTxis dadgenis mizniT
umjobesia daikiTxos, braldebuli, dazaralebuli da sxva
pirebi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelic dakavSirebulia am
sagnebTan, aucileblobidan gamomdinare SesaZlebelia eqsper-
tizis Catareba, aseve sxva gamoZiebisaTvis mniSvnelovani
sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catareba.
nivTier mtkicebulebas inaxavs procesis mwarmoebeli
organo iseT pirobebSi, romlebic gamoricxavs mis da-
386 387
kargvasa da misi Tvisebebis Secvlas. nivTieri mtkiceb-
uleba, romelic ar nadgurdeba an mesakuTresa Tu mflobels
ar ubrundeba, inaxeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Senaxvis
vadiT. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis periodSi
saxelmwifo bankis dawesebulebebSi unda inaxebodes Zvir-
fasi liTonebi, qvebi da Tvlebi, ucxouri valuta, saqarT-
velos fulis niSnebi da sxva fasiani qaRaldebi.
aRniSnuli sagnebi inaxeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan
erTad, Tu mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba aqvs maT individu-
alur niSnebs. didgabaritiani sagani SeiZleba darCes mis
mflobelTan anda adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis an TviTmmarT-
velobis organos warmomadgenelTan, romelic pasuxismge-
beli iqneba am sagnis dacvaze. eqspertizisaTvis gasagzavni
da eqspertisagan miRebuli sagnebi unda iyos daluquli,
rac dadasturebul unda iqnes gamomZieblisa da damswreTa
monawileobiT. igive wesi unda iqnes daculi nivTier mt-
kicebulebaTa fostiT gagzavnisa da miRebis dros.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisad
saqmis warmoebis damTavrebamde gamoZiebis organo mesakuTres
an mflobels ubrunebs: malfuWebad sagnebs, yoveldRiur
yofa-cxovrebaSi aucilebel sagnebs, Sinaur pirutyvs,
frinvels, sxva cxovelebs, satransporto saSualebebs, Tu
maT yadaRa ara aqvT dadebuli.
aRniSnuli sagnis mesakuTre an kanonieri mflobeli
cnobili ar aris, an misi dabruneba SeuZlebelia sxva miz-
eziT, sagani unda Cabardes Sesabamis organizacias gamosay-
eneblad, Sesanaxad Tu mosavlelad.
ganaCenSi, ganCinebasa da dadgenilebaSi saqmis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb nivTieri mtkicebulebis sakiTxi unda gadawydes
Semdegi formiT: a. Tu danaSaulis iaraRs Rirebuleba ara
aqvs, igi nadgurdeba, xolo mas aqvs raime Rirebuleba,
xdeba misi saproceso konfiskacia; b. Tu brunvidan amoRe-
bul nivTs aqvs raime Rirebuleba, igi gadaecema Sesabamis
dawesebulebas, xolo Tu mas Rirebuleba ara aqvs nadgur-
deba; g. sxva nivTi, romelsac Rirebuleba ara aqvs, nadgur-
deba, xolo dainteresebuli piris an dawesebulebis
SuamdgomlobiT–mas gadaecema; d. danaSaulebrivi gziT mop-
ovebuli fuli da faseuloba xmardeba danaSaulis Sedegad
miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebas, xolo Tu cnobili ar aris
piri, romelsac ziani miadga, saxelmwifo biujets gadae-
cema; e.dazaralebulis, gamarTlebulis an sxva piris kuT-
vnili yvela nivTi da dokumenti, gansasjelisa da im piris
garda, romelTac maTze qonebrivi pasuxismgebloba ekisre-
baT, ubrundeba mesakuTres an mflobels.
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze saqmis Sewyvetisas mate-
rialuri Rirebulebis mqone nivTieri mtkicebulebis
ganadgureba,saproceso konfiskacia da gadacema xdeba mx-
olod mosamarTlis dadgenilebis safuZvelze. romelsac
mosamarTle ganixilavs yvela dainteresebuli piris
monawileobiT, im cnobisa da sxva dokumentis safuZvelze,
romlebic gamomZiebelma waradgina.
nivTieri mtkicebulebis kuTvnilebis gamo dava wydeba
samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT. Tu aseTi dava war-
moiSva, nivTieri mtkicebuleba inaxeba sisxlis samarTlis
saqmesTan sarCelis safuZvelze gamotanili sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde. sasamarTlos,
romelic aseT sarCels ganixilavs, ufleba aqvs gamoiTxo-
vos sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan erTad Senaxuli nivTieri
mtkicebuleba. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gafuWebis, ganadgure-
bis an dakargvis SemTxvevaSi misi mesakuTre an mflobeli
iRebs fulad kompensacias. aRniSnuli wesi ar vrceldeba
msjavrdebulis qonebaze, romelic eqvemdebareba saproceso
388 389
konfiskacias, ganadgurebas an samoqalaqo sarCelis anaz-
Raurebas.
8. sagamoZiebo moqmedebis, sasamarTlo moqmedebisa da 8. sagamoZiebo moqmedebis, sasamarTlo moqmedebisa da
sasamarTlo ganxilvis oqmebisasamarTlo ganxilvis oqmebi. sxva dokumentebi.sxva dokumentebi. sagamoZie-
bo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebi da sxva dokumentebi,
gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonm-
deblobiT. maT qveS rogorc wesi moiazreba materialuri
obieqtebi, romelzedac oficialuri pirebi an moqalaqeebi
sayovelTaod miRebuli an sxva saSualebebis meSveobiT
afiqsireben sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone garemoebebs.
dokumentebi iyofa 2 ZiriTad jgufad: sagamoZiebo da
sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebi; (sssk 125 mux.) sxva doku-
mentebi (sssk 126 mux.).
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebi ewodebaT
werilobiT oqmebs, romelSic gamomZiebeli, prokurori an
sasamarTlo kanoniT dadgenili wesiT uSualo aRqmisa da
dakvirvebis gziT afiqsireben faqtebs, romlebic eqvemde-
barebian mtkicebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. yvela oqms
ar gaaCnia mtkicebulebaTa damoukidebeli wyaros mniS-
vneloba. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis
Tanaxmad maT miekuTvneba: oqmebi, romlebic adastureben
garemoebebsa da faqtebs, SemTxvevis adgilis daTvaliere-
bis, amoRebis, Cxrekis, dakavebis, amosacnobad wardgenis, an
sagamoZiebo eqperimentis warmoebisas. mtkicebulebaTa mi-
TiTebul wyaroebs ar miekuTvneba mowmis, dazaralebulis,
braldebulis, eWvmitanilis dakiTxvis oqmebi. am SemTx-
vevaSi mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba gaaCnia dasakiTxi piris
Cvenebas, romelic dafiqsirebulia dakiTxvis oqmSi da ara
TviTon oqms. sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebs
mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba gaaCniaT im SemTxvevaSi Tu
isini miRebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-
blobis sruli dacviT. aseTi saxis dokumentis ganmasx-
vavebel Taviseburebas warmoadgens is garemoeba, rom misi
Sedgenis subieqtebi arian mxolod kanoniT uflebamosili
pirebi.
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebis dasaS-
vebobis Sefasebisas unda gairkves misi Semdgenlis kompe-
tenturoba da saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil
normebTan misi Sesabamisoba.
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebis Sesax-
ebobis sakiTxis dadgena, rogorc wesi sirTules warmoad-
gens, vinaidan es mtkicebuleba iqmneba rogorc wesi saqmis
warmoebisas da misi kavSiri garemoebebTan, romlebic eqvm-
debarebian mtkicebas, ganisazRvreba danaSaulis kvalis
damagrebis aucileblobiT specialurad uflebamosili
pirebis mier procesualur dokumentebSi.
aseve garkveul sirTules warmoadgens oqmebis utyua-
robis gansazRvra. maTi formirebis procesi, romelic
asaxavs obieqturad arsebuli faqtebis subieqtur aRqmas
procesis mwarmoebeli uflebamosili pirebis mier,moqmedebs
oqmSi arsebuli monacemebis sisworeze. amitom oqmSi gad-
mocemuli informaciis utyuarobis Sefaseba mdgomareobs
dasakvirvebeli obieqtisa da aRqmis fsiqologiuri Tavise-
burebis SeswavlaSi.
sxva dokumenti _ mtkicebulebis es saxe Tavis TavSi
moicavs informaciis materialur matarebels, Tu uka-
nasknels gaaCnia mniSvneloba mtkicebas daqvemdebarebuli
garemoebis dasadgenad. imisaTvis, rom mtkicebulebad iyos
aRiarebuli dokumenti unda Seicavdes saqmesTan dakavSire-
bul monacemebs, aseve informacias, romelic iZleva saSu-
alebas dadgindes subieqti, romlisganac gamomdinareobs
390 391
dokumenti. monacemebi, romelic dafiqsirebulia dokumentSi
SeiZleba iyos warmodgenili rogorc werilobiTi ise sxva
formiT, es SeiZleba iyos foto, kinogadaReba, audio-
videoCanaweri da informaciis sxva matareblebi, romelic
miRebulia, gamoTxovilia an warmodgenilia kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenili wesiT. maTi Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
isini miiReba rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamoZie-
bis dawyebamde, ise gamoZiebis warmoebis, ganaCenis dadgeni-
sa da misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdgomac.
dokumenti aris nivTieri mtkicebuleba Tu igi Seucv-
lelia, vinaidan masze dafiqsirebuli faqtebi unikaluria
(mag: mxolod erTi egzempliaria, mag: safinanso-dokumentis
gayalbebis kvaliT, im dokumentebisagan gansxvavebiT,
romelTac gaaCniT nivTieri mtkicebulebis niSnebi).
yvela dokumenti SeiZleba davyoT 2 jgufad: oficial-
uri da kerZo dokumentebad. oficialuri dokumentebi
SeiZleba iqnes warmodgenili dawesebulebis, organizacii-
sa da Tanamdebobis piris mier. oficialuri dokumentebis
rekvizitebi unda akmayofilebdes yvela moTxovnas, raTa
ar warmoiSvas eWvi maTi utyuarobis Sesaxeb. zogierT
SemTxvevaSi ki warmoSobili eWvi SeiZleba uaryofil iqnes
aseve axali mtkicebulebis miRebis gziTac (mag: dakiTxvis
gziT). kerZo dokumentebisaTvis (werili, dRiuri, Canaweri
da a.S.) raime sxva savaldebulo forma, ra Tqma unda ar
arsebobs.
sxva dokumentebi _ es aris Senacvlebadi saxis mtkice-
buleba, igi SeiZleba iyos nawarmoebi, vinaidan mtkiceb-
ulebiTi mniSvneloba gaaCnia mxolod maT Sinaarss.
sxva dokumentebis Sesaxebobis sakiTxi ki ganisazRvre-
ba maTi SemadgenlobiT. kerZod, im faqtebis dadgenis
SesaZleblobiT, romelsac mniSvneloba gaaCnia sisxlis
samarTlis saqmisaTvis. dokumentebis utyuarobis dadgena
xorcieldeba dokumentebis Sinaarsis analizis gziT.
9. nebismieri saxis audio-video Canaweri.9. nebismieri saxis audio-video Canaweri. sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmeze winaswari gamoZiebis srulyofili war-
moeba aris garantia sasamarTlosaTvis, daadginos saqmeze
obieqturi WeSmariteba. winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze
aucilebelia informaciuli uzrunvelyofa, raTa gamoZie-
bis organoebma gansazRvron versiebi da sagamoZiebo moq-
medebebis mimarTulebebi.
winaswari gamoZiebis aseTi informaciuli uzrunvely-
ofa umetesad arasaproceso saSualebebiT xdeba. kerZod:
operatiul-samZebro informaciis roli mniSvnelovania
mtkicebis procesSi. igi gansazRvravs im sagnebis wres
romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnen mtkicebulebad sisx-
lis samarTlis procesSi. faruli audio – video Canaweri
operatiuli informaciaa. misi faruli xasiaTi pirdapir
miuTiTebs samZebro xasiaTze, teqnikuri saSualebebiT mop-
ovebuli informaciis mniSvneloba sadavo ar aris, radgan
es sakmaod zustia. amasTan, teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoy-
enebiT informaciis fiqsaciis mniSvnelovan rols ganapi-
robebs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli SesaZlebloba, daafiqsiros
faqtebi da obieqtebi dinamikaSi, rac saSualebas iZleva
warmatebiT iqnes gadawyvetili sakmaod rTuli amocanebi.
teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia: re-
aluri viTarebisa da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis dokumenturi
sizustiT asaxva, dafiqsirebuli informaciis Senaxva da
gamoyeneba winaswari gamoZiebisas da sasamarTlo ganxilvis
stadiaze. nebismier dros, aseTi Tvisebebis mqone informa-
cia, mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs saqmeze WeSmaritebis
dadgenaSi. audio Tu videoCanaweri asaxavs saqmisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebs da amtkicebs saqmisaTvis
392 393
mniSvnelovan ama Tu im faqts, amgvari informacia
s.s.procesSi CarTvis Semdeg pirdapir mtkicebulebaa,
romelsac taqtikuri TvalsazrisiTac udidesi mniSvnelo-
ba aqvs, radgan am masalis wardgenas SeuZlia udidesi
fsiqologiuri zewola moaxdinos eWvmitanilsa Tu bral-
debulze.
garda amisa, faruli audio-videoCanaweri s.s. procesSi
SeiZleba mowmis Cvenebis Sesamowmeblad iqnes gamoyenebuli.
es metad efeqturi saSualebaa cru informaciis gamosav-
lenad.
faruli audio-videoCanaweris safuZvliani analizis
Sedegad SesaZlebelia damatebiTi mtkicebulebiTi infor-
maciis miReba, aseve am informaciis safuZvelze. Semdgomi
sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis ufro efeqturi
taqtikis SerCeva. faruli audio-videoCanaweridan miRebu-
li informaciis safuZvelze sagamoZiebo organoebs Seu-
ZliaT gansazRvron im pirTa wre, romelTac kavSiri aqvT
danaSaulebriv qmedebasTan, daadginon misi savaraudo dro
da adgili, agreTve gaarkvion danaSaulis Cadenis pirobebi
da mizezebi1.
faruli audio-videoCanaweri sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis mier 2004 wlis 13 Tebervalsa da 2005 wlis 25
martis cvlilebebis Sedegad – aRiarebuli iqna mtkiceb-
ulebis damoukidebel saxed. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-
lis saproceso kodeqsis 110-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ,,mtkiceb-
ulebad s.s.procesSi dasaSvebia nebismieri saxis audio-
video Canaweri. romlis mopovebisas adgili ar hqonia
pira di cxovrebis saidumloebis darRvevas. faruli audio-
video Canaweri, Tu igi dafiqsirebulia: a.farulad im piris
1 g.mefariSvili ,,miRwevebi Tu danakargebi?~ marTlmsajuleba da kanoni
2006w. #5
mier, romlis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli iyo danaSauli da rome-
lic aris saubris an qmedebis monawile; b.teqnikuri saSuale-
biT SemTxveviT, rac asaxavs ganxorcielebul qmedebas~.
faruli Canawerisas farTod gamoiyeneba faruli saSu-
alebebi sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. operatiul-samZebro
saqmianoba xorcieldeba Ria da konspiraciuli RonisZiebe-
bis SeTanxmebis principis safuZvelze. rac operatiul-
samZebro saqmianobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli da imavdroulad
sxva antikriminaluri xasiaTis iuridiuli saqmianobisagan
ganmasxvavebeli Tvisebaa.
faruli audio-videoCanaweris mtkicebulebad aRiarebiT
iSleba yvela es mijna operatiul – samZebro saqmianobasa
da sisxlis samarTlis process Soris.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi faruli audio-video
Canaweri mtkicebulebad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mas
Semdeg, rac moxdeba misi saproceso kodeqsis moTxovnaTa
dacviT misi ganxilva da gadawyveta. uSualod saproceso
urTierTobis farglebSi ki audio – video Canaweris
farulad warmoeba dauSvebelia:es dasaSvebia mxolod aras-
aproceso saSualebiT, rac ar gamoricxavs am informaciis
mtkicebis procesSi gamoyenebas. raimes Sesaxeb informacia
SesaZloa miviRoT saproceso formis daucvelad,magram
amgvari informaciis gamoyenebiT mtkiceba s.s.procesis far-
glebSi unda ganxorcieldes.
mtkiceba rTuli procesia, romelic moicavs TiTqmis
yvela saproceso moqmedebas da uzrunvelyofs sisxlis
samarTalwarmoebis amocanebis Sesrulebas saqmeze WeSmar-
itebis dadgeniT. mtkicebis process Seadgens yvela is
saproceso moqmedeba, romelic mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis,
Semowmebisa da Sefasebis mizniT ganxorcielda. informacia,
romelsac mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs mopovebuli
394 395
unda iqnes mtkicebis procesis farglebSi, saproceso moq-
medebebis Sedegad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi miRebuli cnobebi
ar daerTveba saqmes da ar iqneba gamoyenebuli mtkicebule-
bad. s.s.saproceso kodeqsma faruli audio-video Canaweri
mtkicebulebis saxed miiCnia. magram, cxadia, rom misi mop-
oveba xdeba arasaproceso saSualebiT. amdenad, is ar gane-
kuTvneba mtkicebiTi samarTlis sferos. mis mopovebaSi
uSualod ar monawileobs da am process ar akontrolebs
arc sagamoZiebo organo da arc sasamarTlo, arada swored
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis organoebis mier informaciis
gamovlenis, miRebisa da damagrebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli
moqmedebebis erToblioba uzrunvelyofs informaciis maqsi-
malur sizustes da qmnis misi saimedoobis damatebiT ga-
rantiebs. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, nebismieri audio-
video Canaweris aRiareba mtkicebulebis damoukidebel saxed
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aramarTlzomieria.
Tumca es ar gulisxmobs imas, rom obieqturi sinamd-
vilis amsaxveli informacia, romelic realurad arsebobs,
roca saqmis Ziebisas s.s.procesis mizani yovelTvis ar
miiRweva, nebismierma informaciam SesaZloa gadamwyveti
roli Seasrulos saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi. araerTi
gauxsneli saqmidan aSkaraa:sagamoZiebo praqtikis winaSe
dgas problema, romlis gadasaWrelad saWiroa ganviTardes
mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis saSualebebi da gaizardos maTi
efeqturoba. amisaTvis, pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia
s.s.procesSi gafarTovdes mtkicebulebiTi baza da uzrun-
velyofil iqnes damnaSaveTa mier kvalis saxiT datovebuli
yvela SesaZlo informaciis maqsimalurad gamodevna da
gamoyeneba. Tu gamoZiebis organoebi aRmoaCenen audio an
viodeo Canawers, romelic danaSaulebrivi qmedebis ama Tu
im garemoebas asaxavs, is ver iqneba datovebuli uyura-
dRebod. mTavari am SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebis mopovebis
saSualebaa. Tu audiovideoCanaweri, romelic SesaZloa
faruladac iqnes Cawerili, aRmoCenili iqneba mtkicebis
procesSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis dawyebis
Semdeg, informaciis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba saeWvo ar
aris. faruli audio – video Canaweric imisaTvis, rom es
sisxlis samarTlis saqmes daerTos mtkicebulebad. aucile-
blad unda gairkves misi warmoSobis wyaro da masSi moce-
muli informaciis utyuaroba da saimedooba. es moTxovne-
bi waeyeneba ara mxolod farul audio-video Canawers
aramed nebismieri saxis mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebasa da
saproceso damagrebas.
faruli audio-videoCanaweris Semowmebis ramdeni saSu-
aleba arsebobs. upirveles yovlisa ki aucilebelia mowmis
saxiT daikiTxos Canaweris mwarmoebeli piri. mowmis
dakiTxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebaa, xolo Tavad mowmis Cven-
ebac mtkicebulebis saproceso wyaro. faruli audio-
video Canaweris mwarmoeblis dakiTxviT xdeba mtkiceb-
ulebis iseTi saxis mopoveba, rogoricaa mowmis Cveneba,
romelSic asaxvas povebs operatiuli gziT mopovebuli
informacia. amgvarad, am gziT SesaZlebelia operatiul-
samZebro saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli faruli audio-
video CanawerSi mocemuli informacia gaxdes saproceso
wyaros Sinaarsi, rac Tavis mxriv SesaZlebels xdis TviT
faruli audio – video CanawerSi mocemuli informacia
gaxdes saproceso wyaros Sinaarsi, da gamoyenebuli iqnes
mtkicebulebad.
396 397
$5. mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia$5. mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi gamoZiebisa da sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilvis etapze mravalricxovan faqtebTan
gvaqvs saqme, amitom saWiroa mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia
anu dayofa calkeul saxeebad garkveuli niSnebis mixedviT,
rac xels uwyobs dasabuTebuli daskvnebis formirebas
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi miRebulia mtkicebule-
baTa klasifikaciis 4 saxe, kerZod: 1. gamamarTlebeli da
gamamyunebeli mtkicebulebebi; 2. pirveladi da warmoebuli
mtkicebulebebi; 3. pirdapiri da iribi mtkicebulebebi; 4.
pirovnuli da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi.
1. gamamarTlebeli da gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi. 1. gamamarTlebeli da gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi.
mtkicebulebaTa dayofas gamamtyunebel an gamamarTlebel
mtkicebulebad safuZvlad udevs braldebis sagani e.i. Tu
ra urTierTobaSia mtkicebuleba braldebis saganTan. aRniS-
nul dayofas gaaCnia rogorc Teoriuli, ise udidesi praq-
tikuli mniSvnelobac. vinaidan, yvela sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze unda iqnes dadgenili, rogorc braldebulis mamx-
ilebeli, ise misi gamamarTlebeli garemoebani, rogorc
braldebulis bralis damamtkicebeli, ise bralis Semamsub-
uqebeli garemoebani.
gamamatyunebel mtkicebulebebs warmoadgenen faqtiuri
monacemebi, romlebic amtyunebs pirs danaSaulis CadenaSi
an amZimebs mis pasuxismgeblobasa da procesualur mdgo-
mareobas. mag: eqspertis daskvna imis Sesaxeb, rom SemTxve-
vis adgilze TiTis anabeWdi datovebulia eWvmitanilis an
braldebulis mier warmoadgens gamamtyunebel mtkicebule-
bas.
gamamarTlebel mtkicebulebebs ki miekuTvneba faqtiuri
monacemebi, romlebic amarTleben pirs garkveuli danaSau-
lis CadenaSi an amsubuqeben mis mdgomareobas. mag: Tu
dadginda, rom braldebuli danaSaulis Cadenis dros im-
yofeboda sxva qalaqSi, es imas niSnavs, rom am momentSi
mas ar SeeZlo Caedina mkvleloba, aRniSnuli garemoebis
dadgena ki amarTlebs pirs danaSaulis CadenaSi da war-
moadgens gamamarTlebel mtkicebulebas.
arsebobs iseTi kategoriis mtkicebulebebi, rodesac
mtkicebulebis erT saxeSi (wyaroSi) dadgenilia rogorc
gamamarTlebeli ise gamamtyunebeli faqtebi, mag: eqspertis
daskvna, rom fexis kvali SemTxvevis adgilze datovebulia
braldebulis mier (gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebaa),xolo
TiTis anabeWdi saganze datovebuli ar aris braldebulis
mier (gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebaa).
gamamarTlebeli da gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi
Tavis Sefasebas pouloben sabraldebo daskvnaSi. xolo
sabolood ki sasamarTlos ganaCenSi. sabraldebo daskvna,
rogorc winaswari gamoZiebis Semajamebeli iuridiuli
dokumenti unda Seicavdes mtkicebulebaTa TvalsaCino da
damajerebel analizs. rac TavisTavad exmareba sasamarTlos
saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas swori da dasabuTebuli gad-
awyvetilebis miRebaSi. vinaidan ganaCenis dasabuTeba aseve
SeuZlebelia mtkicebulebaTa amgvari dayofisa da maTi
analizis gareSe.
swored aRniSnulidan gamomdinare aqvs mtkicebulebaTa
amgvar dayofas didi Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvnelo-
ba.
2. pirveladi da warmoebuli mtkicebulebebi.2. pirveladi da warmoebuli mtkicebulebebi. mtkice-
bulebaTa aseT dayofas safuZvlad udevs mtkicebulebis
miRebis wyaro. pirvelad anu Tavdapirvel mtkicebulebebs
miekuTvneba is mtkicebuleba romelic miRebulia pirveli
398 399
wyarodan. warmoebuli mtkicebulebas ki miekuTvneba iseTi
mtkicebuleba, romelic miRebulia meore wyarodan.
pirvelad mtkicebulebebs warmoadgens mag: danaSau-
lebrivi faqtis TviTmxilveli mowmis Cveneba, xolo im
mowmis Cveneba movlenaze, romelic mas piradad ar unaxia,
magram moismina (gadmocemiT icis) sxva pirisagan aris
nawarmoebi mtkicebuleba. aseve SemTxvevis adgilze aRmo-
Cenili fexis kvali, an dokumentis originali pirveladi
mtkicebulebaa, xolo fexis kvalidan damzadebuli tvifari
an dokumentis asli ki aris nawarmoebi mtkicebuleba.
nawarmoebi mtkicebulebis gamoyenebis yvela SemTx-
vevaSi cnobili unda iyos misi miRebis wyaro (mag: TviT-
mxilveli) da unda moxdes aRniSnuli piris dakiTxva.
vinaidan movlenis TviTmxilveli, gadmoscems faqts zustad
da ufro srulad, vidre is pirovneba, romelmac aRniSnu-
lis Sesaxeb gadmocemiT icis.
TviTmxilvelis Cvenebis Semowmeba gacilebiT martivia
da utyuari. amitom aris ufro misaRebi. Tu SeuZlebelia
ama Tu im monacemis dadgena romlis Sesaxebac iZleva in-
formacias dasakiTxi piri es informacia kargavs Tavis
mtkicebulebiT mniSvnelobas. ar SeiZleba mtkicebulebiTi
mniSvneloba hqondes iseT faqtiur monacems, romelsac
flobs mowme da ar SeuZlia miuTiTos informaciis wyaroze.
aRniSnuli vrceldeba dazaralebulis Cvenebazec. mtkiceb-
ulebaTa dayofas pirvelad da warmoebulad is praqtikuli
mniSvneloba aqvs, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi yovelT-
vis unda inaxebodes pirveladi mtkicebuleba, radgan war-
moebul mtkicebulebasTan SedarebiT igi ufro axloa si-
namdvilesa da obieqturobasTan. Tu sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi erTdroulad aris rogorc pirveladi ise warmoe-
buli mtkicebuleba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi da kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT, warmoebuli mtkicebuleba SeiZleba
daubrundes mis mflobels, xolo saqmeSi unda darCes
pirveladi mtkicebuleba.
warmoebuli mtkicebuleba mxolod maSin SeiZleba iyos
saqmeSi,rodesac pirveladi mtkicebulebis saqmeze darTva
praqtikulad SeuZlebelia swrafadfuWebadobis an didi
moculobis gamo.
3. pirdapiri da iribi mtkicebulebebi.3. pirdapiri da iribi mtkicebulebebi. mtkicebulebaTa
dayofas pirdapir da iribad (arapirdapirad) safuZvlad
udevs mtkicebulebis kavSiri mtkicebis saganTan (garemoe-
bebTan, romlebic unda damtkicdes yvela sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmeze).
mtkicebuleba, romelic uSualo kavSirSia mtkicebis
saganTan, pirdapir da uSualod amtkicebs mtkicebis sagans
an mis romelime elements, warmoadgens pirdapir mtkiceb-
ulebas. mag: Tu mowme iZleva Cvenebas, rom man uSualod
ixila mkvlelobis faqti, aseTi Cveneba warmoadgens pirda-
pir mtkicebulebas, radgan miuTiTebs da adgens mtkicebis
sagnis elementebs: danaSaulis SemTxvevasa da konkretuli
piris mier danaSaulis Cadenas.
mtkicebuleba romelic pirdapir da uSualod ar amt-
kicebs mtkicebis sagans an mis romelime elements, magram
sxva mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobaSi da obieqtur kavSirSi
iZleva imis saSualebas, rom dadgindes saqmeze mtkicebis
sagani an misi romelime elementi, ewodeba iribi mtkiceb-
uleba.
arapirdapir (irib) mtkicebulebaTa gamoyenebis dros
mTavaria damtkicdes dadgenili faqtebis kavSiri mocemul
saqmesTan da maTi erToblioba sakmarisi iyos saqmeze WeS-
maritebis dasadgenad. arapirdapir mtkicebulebas warmoad-
gens mag: eqspertis daskvna imis Sesaxeb, rom maRaziaSi,
400 401
daxlze TiTis anabeWdi datovebulia konkretuli piris
marjvena xelis Sua TiTiT. eqspertis aRniSnuli daskvna
ar amtkicebs mtkicebis sagnis arc erT elements, magram
Tu am faqtis garda, dadgenili iqneba sxva garemoebebi,
kerZod, misi binis Cxrekis dros aRmoCenili sxvadasxva
sagnebi da a.S. erTobliobaSi iZleva saSualebas davadginoT
mtkicebis sagani, piris braleuloba.
4. pirovnuli da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi. 4. pirovnuli da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi. mtkicebule-
baTa dayofas pirovnulad da nivTierad safuZvlad udevs
mtkicebulebiTi faqtebisa da garemoebebis aRqma da misi
gadmocema.
pirovnulia iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic formdeba
werilobiTi formiT. pirovnul mtkicebulebebs miekuT-
vneba dakiTxvis oqmi, Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis Catare-
bis oqmi, eqspertis daskvna da a.S.
nivTieria iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic gamosaxulia
materialuri obieqtebis saxiT, mag: fexis kvali, nivTebi,
sagnebi, faseuloba da a.S. materialuri obieqtebis Semcveli
informacia gadmocemulia ara sityvieri formiT, aramed
sagnis niSnebis uSualo aRqmiT. nivTieri mtkicebuleba
saWiroebs dawvrilebiT aRweras misi zogadi da kerZo
niSnebis fiqsirebas, aRmoCenis adgilis aRweras, misgan
tvifaris damzadebis procesis asaxvas da a.S.
yoveli mtkicebuleba unda Sefasdes yovelmxrivad,
kritikulad, obieqturad da aseTi Sefasebis Sedegad gan-
isazRvros maTi procesualuri Zala da mniSvneloba.
$6. mtkicebis procesi$6. mtkicebis procesi
mtkicebis procesi mtkicebiTi samarTlis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi sakiTxia. mtkicebis procesi aris procesis mwar-
moebeli piris (gamomZiebeli, prokurori, sasamarTlo,
mosamarTle) da procesis sxva monawileTa (eWvmitanili,
braldebuli, gansasjeli, damcveli, dazaralebuli da a.S.)
kanonis dacvis safuZvelze mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebisa da
aRmoCenis, maTi procesualuri damagrebis, Semowmebisa da
Sefasebis procesi. romelic miznad isaxavs saqmeze WeSmar-
itebis dadgenas. mtkicebis procesi, rogorc Semecnebis
procesi, xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela
stadiaze garkveul TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
mtkicebis procesis Sedegs warmoadgens rogorc Su-
aleduri, ise Sedegobrivi gadawyvetilebis miReba sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeze.
mtkicebis procesi Sedgeba 4 safexurisagan, kerZod:1.
mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCena da Sekreba; 2.mtkicebulebaTa sap-
roceso damagreba; 3.mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba; 4.mtkiceb-
ulebaTa Sefaseba.
mtkicebuleba Cndeba mxolod subieqtis procesualuri
moqmedebis Sedegad romlis warmoebaSic imyofeba sisxlis
samarTlis saqme, amitom mtkicebis procesi warmoudgene-
lia gamoZiebis organos, gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasa-
marTlos saqmianobis gareSe. romlis Sedegsac warmoadgens
miRebuli mtkicebulebebi.
mtkicebulebaTa SekrebamtkicebulebaTa Sekreba _ mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCena da
Sekreba xdeba sxvadasxva gziT, kerZod: sagamoZiebo da
sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa Catarebis dros, procesis mwar-
moebeli piris mier mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovis gziT;
procesis monawileTa mier mtkicebulebaTa wardgeniT; mt-
402 403
kicebulebaTa Sekrebas axdenen gamomZiebeli, prokurori,
sasamarTlo, Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis 128-e muxlis Tanaxmad mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba
xdeba winaswari gamoZiebis, sasamarTlo ganxilvis, saapel-
acio warmoebisa da ganaCenis aRsrulebis procesSi. sakasa-
cio warmoebis stadiaze warmodgenili an gamoTxovili
damatebiTi masala, romelic ar aris mtkicebuleba, TavisTa-
vad an saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebTan erTad SeiZleba
gaxdes ganaCenis an sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gau-
qmebisa Tu Secvlis safuZveli.
mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCenisa da miRebis ZiriTad saSuale-
bas warmoadgens sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa
Catareba, mtkicebulebTa aRmoCena da miReba xdeba iseT
sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis gziT, rogoricaa dakiTx-
va, amoReba, Cxreka, daTvaliereba, sagamoiZebo eqsperimenti,
gvamis eqshumacia, Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba, eqspertizis
Catareba, nimuSebis miReba saeqsperto kvlevisaTvis.
sasamarTlo ganxilvisa da saapelacio warmoebis
stadiebze mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba sasamarTlos SeuZlia
daavalos gamomZiebels an prokurors, Tu amisaTvis saWiroa
Cxreka, amoReba, gvamis eqshumacia an sxva sagamoZiebo mo-
qmedeba, romlis Catarebac sasamarTlo sxdomaze ver xe-
rxdeba.
mtkicebulebaTa warmodgena SeuZliaT aseve eWvmitanils,
braldebuls, damcvels, dazaralebuls, samoqalaqo mosar-
Celes, samoqalaqo mopasuxes, maT warmomadgenlebs, nebis-
mier moqalaqes da organizacias. mag: moqalaqem, saxelmwifo
da sazogadoebrivma dawesebulebam SeiZleba Tavisi inicia-
tiviT warmoadginon mtkicebulebebi, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom
maT mflobelobaSi myof sagans, nivTs, dokuments kavSiri
aqvs sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan.
damcvels, agreTve dazaralebuls, samoqalaqo mosar-
Celisa da samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgenlebs ufleba
aqvT: gamoiTxovon cnoba, daxasiaTeba, dokumentebi saxelm-
wifo an kerZo dawesebulebidan, sawarmodan, organizaciidan,
romelic valdebulia Seasrulos aseTi moTxovna, mimarTon
mcodne pirs gamoTqvas Tavisi azri saqmis gamo wamoWrili
specialuri sakiTxis gansamartavad, Catarebuli eqspertizis
Sesafaseblad da Suamdgomlobis dasasabuTeblad.
damcvelisa da warmomadgenlis mier mopovebuli ma-
salebi, dokumentebi, cnobebi unda daerTos saqmes da
SeiZleba waredginos sasamarTlos, rogorc mtkicebule-
bani.
damcvelis dasabuTebuli moTxovna sagamoZiebo moqmede-
bis Catarebis Sesaxeb savaldebuloa gamomZieblisa da
prokurorisaTvis. Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmi
unda daerTos sisxlis samarTlis saqmes, xolo misi asli
gadaeces damcvelsac, romelsac ufleba aqvs daimowmos
isini piris udanaSaulobis an pasuxismgeblobis Semamsub-
uqebel garemoebaTa dasamtkiceblad.
mtkicebulebaTa saprocesi damagreba.mtkicebulebaTa saprocesi damagreba. arc erT mtkice-
bulebas ar aqvs winaswar gansazRvruli mniSvneloba sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeze. mas procesualuri mniSvneloba
SeiZleba mieniWos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu igi miRebuli
iqneba saproceso kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT da amave dros
saTanadod procesualurad damagrebuli. kerZod, mtkiceb-
ulebis mniSvnelobis cnoba unda iqnes Setanili sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebis an sasamarTlo ganxilvis oqmSi. nivTieri
mtkicebuleba ki unda aRiweros oqmSi da daerTos saqmes
ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT). sasamarTlo moqmedebis oqmi da
dokumenti saqmes unda daerTos specialurad gamotanili
dadgenilebis gareSe.
404 405
mticebulebaTa damagrebis mizniT gamoiyeneba ara mx-
olod oqmi, aramed teqnikuri saSualebebi: fotoaparati,
videoparati, kinoaparati. maTi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb ki unda
mieTiTos Sesabamis sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa oqmebSi, xolo
Sesabamisi masalebi ki daerTos sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa
oqmebs.
mtkicebulebaTa SemowmebamtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba _ mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebas
axorcielebs gamomZiebeli, prokurori da sasamarTlo, e.i.
mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba xorcieldeba procesis yvela
stadiaze, Semowmebas eqvemdebareba rogorc faqtiuri mo-
nacemebi, aseve maTi miRebis wyaroebi, aseve nebismieri mt-
kicebulebebi cal-calke. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebas axor-
cieleben saxelmwifo organoebi da uflebamosili pirebi,
romelTa saqmianobazec aris damokidebuli Sesabamisi pro-
cesualuri gadawyvetilebis miReba. procesis sxva sub-
ieqtebi mxolod iReben monawileobas mtkicebulebaTa
SemowmebaSi. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba xdeba saproceso
moqmedebaTa saSualebiTa da logikuri gziT.
mecnierebisa da teqnikis miRwevebi aqtiurad inergeba
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. mag: calkeuli eqspertizis
Catarebis gziT. videoCanaweris gamoyenebis gziT mtkiceb-
ulebaTa Semowmebisas da a.S.
kanonma gansazRvra maTi saTanadod fiqsaciis proce-
sualuri wesi.
mtkicebulebaTa SefasebamtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba _ mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba
warmoadgens mtkicebis procesis aucilebel da Semjamebel
safexurs, mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba warmoadgens gamomZieb-
lis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis azrobriv da logikur
process. mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas isini xelmZRvanelo-
ben TavianTi Sinagani rwmeniT, afaseben mtkicebulebebs
kanonis dacvis safuZvelze yovelmxriv, srulyofilad da
obieqturad.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba xdeba procesis yvela stadi-
aze. kanoni adgens procesis yvela stadiisaTvis saerTo
moTxovnebs mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda
iqnes eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis, dazarale-
bulis, mowmis Cvenebis formirebis procesic, romelsac
SeuZlia garkveuli zemoqmedeba moaxdinos Cvenebis aRiare-
bis obieqturobaze,mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli faqte-
bisa da garemoebaTa aRqma, damaxsovreba da gadmocema.
CvenebaTa Sefasebis dros gaTvaliwinebuli unda iyos
aRqmis rogorc subieqturi, ise obieqturi garemoebani
romlebic gavlenas axdenen CvenebaTa sisworeze.
CvenebaTa Sefasebis dros aseve gaTvaliwinebul unda
iqnes aRqmuli da damaxsovrebuli Cvenebis gadmocemis un-
ari.
Tu CvenebaTa Sefasebis procesSi dadgindeba, rom pirs
ar SeeZlo sworad da srulyofilad aReqva danaSaulis
CadenasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi da garemoebebi, am SemTx-
vevaSi, kanonis Sesabamisad, unda dainiSnos fsiqiatriuli
an kompleqsuri fsiqiatriul-fsiqologiuri eqspertiza.
eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis CvenebaTa Se-
fasebis dros unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli da amave dros
kritikulad Sefasebuli bralis aRiarebis faqti, gaTqma,
TviTgaTqma da alibi.
bralis aRiareba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos utyu-
ar mtkicebulebad misi kritikuri Sefasebis gareSe. bralis
aRiareba SeiZleba arasworad iyos miCneuli, Tu Sefasebis
procesSi dadginda, rom bralis aRiarebas adgili hqonda
garkveuli Tanxis miRebis mizniT da a.S.
Sefasebis procesSi yuradReba unda gamaxvildes iseTi
406 407
faqtis dadgenaze, rogoricaa gaTqma. gaTqma niSnavs imas,
rom eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli amxels dana-
SaulSi sxva pirs im mizniT, rom aicilos pasuxismge-
bloba. TviTgaTqma ki gulisxmobs piris mier Tavisi dana-
Saulis aRiarebas (im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mas aRniSnuli
qmedeba ar Caudenia) im mizniT, rom dafaros mis mier
Cadenili mZime danaSauli da gamoZieba, sasamarTloSi saqmis
ganxilva warmarTos araswori gziT.
aseve kritikulad unda Semowmdes alibi. (alibi – niS-
navs imas, rom danaSaulis Cadenis dros piri imyofeboda
sxva adgilze da am dros da am momentSi ar SeeZlo Cae-
dina mocemuli danaSauli). alibis gancxadebis SemTxvevaSi
daculi unda iqnes 2 piroba: alibis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT
unda iyos dakiTxuli pirovneba da Cvenebis siswore unda
Semowmdes swrafad da operatiulad.
mtkicebulebaTa yovelmxriv, srulyofil da obieqtur
Sefasebas mtkicebis procesSi pirvelxarisxovani mniS-
vneloba eniWeba radgan sabolood gansazRvravs TiToeuli
mtkicebulebis Zalasa da procesualur mniSvnelobas konk-
retul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.
Tavi VIITavi VII
pasuxismgebloba winaswari gamoZiebis dros da sasamarTloSi saproceso movaleobaTa
Seusruleblobisa da wesrigis darRvevisaTvis
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis srulyofili, yovelmxrivi
da obieqturi gamoZiebisaTvis, sasamarTloSi ganxilvisa da
gadawyvetisaTvis, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi
garkveul garantiebs iZleva, winaswari gamoZiebis dros da
sasamarTloSi saproceso movaleobaTa Seusruleblobisa
da wesrigis darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis dawesebiT.
am garantiaTa jgufSi calke unda gamovyoT: a) sisxlis
samarTlis procesis monawileTa pasuxismgebloba sapro-
ceso movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis; b) sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis monawileTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmede-
bis CadenisaTvis da g) pasuxismgebloba sasamarTloSi
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis stadiaze, sasamarTlo
xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis da
wesrigis darRvevisaTvis.
a) sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa pasuxismge-
bloba saproceso movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis iT-
valiswinebs: erTis mxriv sisxlis samarTlebriv pasuxismge-
blobas, ase magaliTad: Tu mowme an dazaralebuli uars
ityvis Cvenebis micemaze, mas daekisreba saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsis 371-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. mowmes an dazarale-
buls ar daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
bloba Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis, Tu isini eWvmi-
408 409
tanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis an msjavrdebulis
axlo naTesavebi arian, an Tu unda upasuxon im SekiTxvebs,
romelic amxels maT danaSaulis CadenaSi. saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxliT gaTvaliswineb-
uli sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dadgeba im
SemTxvevaSic, roca gamoZiebis dros an sasamarTloSi mowme
an dazaralebuli miscems cru Cvenebas, aseve, sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dadgeba eqspertis Tu igi
miscems yalb daskvnas an cru Cvenebas, xolo Tarjimani ki
ganzrax arasworad Targmnis saproceso dokuments an pro-
cesis monawilis Cvenebas. mowmis an dazaralebulis sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dadgeba saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 3711-e muxliT, Tu isini mar-
TlmsajulebisaTvis Segnebulad xelis SeSlis mizniT
arsebiTad urTierTsawinaaRmdego Cvenebas miscemen gamoZie-
bis dros an sasamarTloSi (aqcenti ZiriTadad gadata-
nilia sasamarTloze). saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 373-e muxliT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismge-
blobaa gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb cru
dasmenisaTvis.
meores mxriv, sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawile-
Ta mxridan saproceso movaleobis Seusrulebloba warmo-
Sobs ara sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, aramed
iseTi saxis iZulebiT RonisZiebas, rogoricaa fuladi ja-
rima. ase magaliTad, Tu eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani
an damswre uars ityvis an Tavs aaridebs Tavis movaleo-
baTa Sesrulebas arasapatio mizeziT, mas saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 203-e muxliT
dadgenili wesiT daekisreba fuladi jarima 500 laramde
odenobiT.
xolo, Tu mowme, dazaralebuli ar Seasruleben
gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos kanonier moTx-
ovnebs _ uars ityvian Semowmebis, eqspertizis Catarebis,
SedarebiTi kvlevisaTvis nimuSebis miRebis Sesaxeb, mosa-
marTle prokuroris mier damtkicebuli samarTaldarRvevis
oqmisa da TandarTuli masalebis safuZvelze maT daakisrebs
fulad jarimas 500 laramde odenobiT. mosamarTle aRniS-
nuli wesis dacviT daakisrebs fulad jarimas 500 laramde
odenobiT yvela im pirebs, romlebic xels SeuSlian
gamomZiebels, prokurors, sasamarTlos SemTxvevis adgilis
daTvalierebis, sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis, gvamis eqshumaci-
is, Cxrekis an amoRebis CatarebaSi. aseTive pasuxismge-
bloba daekisrebaT iuridiul pirTa an administraciul
organoTa xelmZRvanelebs, romlebic xels SeuSlian
gamomZieblis, prokuroris an sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT im
pirTa gamocxadebas, romlebic arian braldebuli, eWvmita-
nili, dazaralebuli, mowme, specialisti, eqsperti, Tar-
jimani, samoqalaqo mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe, maTi
warmomadgenlebi; agreTve imisTvis, Tu ganuxilveli darCa
an/da droulad ar gaeca pasuxi kerZo ganCinebas (dadge-
nilebas) an wardginebas kanonis darRvevisa da danaSaulis
Cadenis xelSemwyobi mizezebisa da pirobebis Sesaxeb (sssk-
is 205-e muxli).
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 206-e muxli
awesebs qonebriv pasuxismgeblobas Tavdebi pirebis mimarT;
braldebulis, gansasjelis saxeliT giraos Semtani pire-
bis mimarT; mSoblebis, meurveebis da mzrunvelebis mimarT,
Tu isini nakisr valdebulebas ver Seasruleben, ver uz-
runvelyofen braldebulis saTanado qcevas da gamomZieblis,
prokuroris, sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT maTTan gamocxadebas.
magram Tu Tavdebi pirebi, aseve arasrulwlovani bralde-
bulis mSoblebi, meurveebi, mzrunvelebi daamtkiceben, rom
410 411
braldebulis saTanado qcevis SesaZlebloba ver uzrunve-
lyves dauZleveli Zalis moqmedebis gamo (mag. oTaxSi Ca-
ketes, gaTokes da a.S.), isini gaTavisufldebian qonebrivi
pasuxismgeblobisagan. aRniSnuli pirebi, im SemTxvevaSic
ganTavisufldebian pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu procesis
mwarmoebel pirebs mimarTaven werilobiT da uars ityvian
nakisr valdebulebaze im safuZvlis gamovlenamde, romel-
sac maTi pasuxismgebloba mosdevs (uaris Tqmis safuZveli
SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos, mag. avadmyofoba, ojaxSi urT-
ierTobis gauareseba da a.S). rac Seexeba, braldebulis an
gansasjelis saxeliT giraos Semtan pirs, Tu igi darw-
mundeba, rom ver uzrunvelyofs braldebulis an gansasje-
lis savaldebulo qcevas da mis droul gamocxadebas
gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan an sasamarTloSi, mas ufle-
ba aqvs amis Taobaze, saqmeze saboloo gadawyvetilebis
miRebamde werilobiT mimarTos procesis mwarmoebel or-
ganos da is am droidan pasuxs aRar agebs braldebulis
an gansasjelis qcevaze (erTi Tvis vadaSi srulad daubrun-
deba giraos saxiT Setanili fuladi Tanxa).
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
207-e muxlis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, Tu dadgindeba, rom
procesis monawile arasapatio mizeziT ar gamocxadda
gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi daTqmul dro-
sa da adgilas, ramac gamoiwvia sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxil-
vis an sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis gadadeba, am sapro-
ceso moqmedebaTa gadadebiT gamowveuli xarjebi sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili odenobiT
gadaxdeba gamoucxadebel pirs. aseve, Tu procesis monawile
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis mixedviT gamo-
Zaxebulia sasamarTloSi da ar gamocxaddeba arasapatio
mizeziT, mosamarTle valdebulia daajarimos igi 100 lar-
idan 500 laramde. fuladi jarimis gadaxda procesis mona-
wiles ar aTavisuflebs gamocxadebis valdebulebisagan.
b) sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis weszea saubari saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 209-e mux-
lSi, Tu winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis warmoebis dros, procesis romelime monawile sasa-
marTlo xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg Caidens danaSauls. aq,
upirveles yovlisa igulisxmeba iseTi danaSauli, rodesac
mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis dros pro-
cesis monawile saqmis yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi
gamoZiebisaTvis xelis SeSlis mizniT prokuroris an
gamomZieblis saqmianobaSi ama Tu im formiT ukanonod Caer-
eva; an/da daemuqreba prokurors, gamomZiebels, damcvels,
eqsperts, samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawiles an maT axlo
naTesavs sicocxlis mospobiT, janmrTelobis dazianebiT,
qonebis ganadgurebiT, dazianebiT; an/da moaxdens mtkiceb-
ulebaTa ganadgurebas, falsifikacias da a.S. magaliTad,
yaCaRobis faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamomZiebeli awarmoebs
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebas da braldebuli dae-
muqreba mas, Tu ar Sewyvets winaswar gamoZiebas xelyofs
misi ojaxis romelime wevris sicocxles an aufeTqebs
sacxovrebel saxls (muqara realuria). braldebulis es
qmedeba damoukidebeli danaSaulis Semadgenlobas gvaZlevs
da misi gamovlenisTanave gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia dai-
wyos am faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba. magram gamoZieba
unda awarmoos ara im gamomZiebelma vis winaaRmdegac mi-
marTulia aRniSnuli qmedeba (is dainteresebuli piria),
aramed sxva gamomZiebelma an prokurorma.
rac Seexeba cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis piris (mowme,
dazaralebuli) mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganx-
412 413
orcielebas, igi SeiZleba daiwyos ganaCenis an sxva Sema-
jamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis Semdeg.
g) saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeq-
sis 208-e muxli iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas sasamarT-
loSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis, romlis ZaliTac sasa-
marTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles) adgilze
TaTbiriT gamoaqvs gankarguleba procesis monawilis an/da
sxdomaze damswris dajarimebis an/da sxdomis darbazidan
gaZevebis Sesaxeb, Tu isini sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganx-
ilvis dros arRveven wesrigs, gamoxataven sasamarTlo
sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankargulebisadmi
daumorCileblobas an sasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobas.
wesrigis damrRvev pirs, maT Soris gaZevebulsac, sxdomis
Tavmjdomaris gankargulebiT SeiZleba daekisros jarima
50 laridan 500 laramde odenobiT, razedac gaicema
saaRsrulebo furceli. Tu dajarimebuli piri isev ganagr-
Zobs wesrigis darRvevas, sxdomis Tavmjdomares SeuZlia
dauyovnebliv gazardos jarimis odenoba, magram ara umetes
500 larisa.
Tu sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis
dros piris qmedeba mimarTulia imisaken, rom CaiSalos
sasamarTlo procesi an igi gamoxatavs aSkara an/da uxeS
upativcemulobas sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis), gnebavT pro-
cesis monawilis an mxaris mimarT, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris
miTiTebiT sasamarTlos mandaturi ganaxorcielebs piris
dakavebas da Seadgens dakavebis oqms. Tavis mxriv, sxdomis
Tavmjdomare adgens mimarTvas, romelSic aRwers darRvevas,
da ugzavnis gankarglebis gamotanaze uflebamosil sasa-
marTlos (mosamarTles). dakavebuli piri dauyovnebliv,
magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa, unda waredginos Sesabamis
sasamarTlos (mosamarTles), romelic uflebamosilia gan-
kargulebiT dakavebul pirs Seufardos 30 dRe-Ramemde
vadiT patimroba. Tu dadgindeba, rom pirs erTxel ukve
Sefardebuli hqonda aRniSnuli qmedebisaTvis patimroba,
sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) uflebamosilia gankargulebiT
Seufardos mas 60 dRe-Ramemde vadiT patimroba. aqve, unda
gvaxsovdes, rom Tu piris mxridan sasamarTlosadmi, pro-
cesis monawilisadmi an mxaris mimarT aSkara an/da uxeSi
upativcemuloba an procesis CaSlisaken swrafva gamov-
linda raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac ori an
orze meti mosamarTlea, gankarguleba wesrigis damrRvevi
piris dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdo-
mares. xolo Tu darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris
monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba gamoaqvs
mis mier gansazRvrul sxva mosamarTles. Tu xsenebuli
saxis darRveva moxda magistrati mosamarTlis mier saqmis
ganxilvisas, gankarguleba gamoaqvs im raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romlis SemadgenlobaSicaa es
magistrati mosamarTle. saapelacio sasamarTloSi gankar-
guleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo Tu
darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris monawileobiT
gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba gamoaqvs mis moadgiles
an mis mier gansazRvrul sxva mosamarTles. saqarTvelos
uzenaes sasamarTloSi, garda didi palatisa, gankarguleba
gamoaqvs erT-erTi palatis Tavmjdomares. saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palataSi saqmis ganxilvisas
gankarguleba gamoaqvs im mosamarTles, romelic ar
monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi.
Tu moxda ise, rom sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis ganxilvisas wesrigi daarRvia im pirma, romlis
vinaobac daudgenelia, TviTon damrRvevic uars acxadebs
414 415
sakuTari vinaobis gamJRavnebaze an sxva obieqtur garemoe-
baTa gamo SeuZlebelia misi pirovnebis vinaobis dadgena,
sasamarTlos mandaturi adgens oqms, romelSic aRiwereba
wesrigis damrRvevi piris yvela SesaZlo garegnuli niSani
(savaraudo asaki, sqesi, simaRle, Tmis feri, Tvalis feri,
sxva garegnuli Taviseburebani da niSnebi), romliTac
SesaZlebelia am piris gaigiveba (dadgena). aseve SesaZle-
belia, oqmSi aRniSvniT pirs mieniWos pirobiTi saxeli
cifrebis an/da anbanis simboloebis imgvari kombinaciiT,
rac saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebidan gamomdinare Sesa-
Zlebels gaxdis am piris gaigivebas (dadgenas). aRniSnuli
oqmi da damrRvevis fotosuraTi daerTvis Tavmjdomaris
(mosamarTlis) gankargulebas. Tu xsenebuli piri wesrigis
darRvevisaTvis sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebuli
an/da dapatimrebuli unda iqnes, gankarguleba aRsruldeba
dauyovnebliv, xolo dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo
sxdomis Tavmjdomaris gankarguleba da sasamarTlos man-
daturis mier Sedgenili oqmi darRvevis Sesaxeb, damr-
Rvevi piris fotosuraTTan erTad egzavneba saqarTvelos
iusticiis saministros piris gaigivebis (identificirebis)
mizniT da aRsasruleblad.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
211-e muxli iTvaliswinebs piris pasuxisgebaSi micemis wess,
sasamarTlo ganxilvis stadiaze sasamarTlo xelisufleb-
is winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis. am danaSaulTa
ricxvSi upirveles yovlisa igulisxmeba sasamarTlos
saqmianobaSi ama Tu im formiT ukanono Careva samarTal-
warmoebis ganxorcielebaze zegavlenis mizniT; aseve sasa-
marTlos upativcemuloba, rac gamoixata samarTalwarmoe-
bis monawilis SeuracxyofiT; aseve sasamarTloSi saqmis
an masalis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT mosamarTlis an misi
axlo naTesavis mimarT sicocxlis mospobis, janmrTelobis
dazianebis anda qonebis ganadgurebis Tu dazianebis muqara
da a.S. Tu sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis stadiaze gamov-
linda, rom arsebobs safuZveli sasamarTlo xelisufleb-
is winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis procesis monawilis
an/da sxdomaze damswre piris sisxlis samarTlis pasuxis-
gebaSi misacemad, sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ganaCenTan an
sxva Semajamebel gadawyvetilebasTan erTad gamoaqvs
ganCineba (dadgenileba), rom prokurors winaswari gamoZie-
bisaTvis gaegzavnos saTanado masalebi. amave dros sasa-
marTlos mandaturi uflebamosilia daakavos danaSaulis
CadenaSi eWvmitanili piri da dauyovnebliv gadasces igi
policias an sxva samarTaldamcav organos. sasamarTlos
mandaturi piris dakavebis Taobaze adgens oqms da Tuki
eqneba sakmarisi safuZveli eWvisaTvis, rom dakavebul pirs
aqvs iaraRi an cdilobs Tavidan moiSoros danaSaulis
CadenaSi Tavisi mamxilebeli mtkicebulebebi, Cautarebs
pirad Cxrekas, rasac kidec aRniSnavs dakavebis oqmSi.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kanonmdeblis mier
dawesebuli pasuxismgebloba winaswari gamoZiebis dros da
sasamarTloSi saproceso movaleobaTa Seusruleblobisa
da wesrigis darRvevisaTvis, garkveul garantias qmnis
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieq-
turi gamoZiebis da sasamarTloSi ganxilvis uzrunvelyofis
TvalsazrisiT, agreTve moqalaqeTa uflebebis, kanonieri
interesebis dasacavad.
416 417
Tavi VIIITavi VIII
sisxlis samarTlis procesis zogadi nawilis sxva debulebebi
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
mexuTe kari (Tavebi 26-e _ 32-e) ganixilavs da wyvets
zogadi nawilis iseT debulebebs, romlebic damaxasiaTebe-
lia saproceso urTierTobis dros warmoqmnili orga-
nizaciuli da saproceso sakiTxebis gadawyvetasTan. sap-
roceso kanonis ZaliT aRniSnul sakiTxebs miekuTvneba:
saproceso vadebi; sasamarTlo xarjebi da maTi anazRau-
reba; reabilitacia; SuamdgomlobaTa ganxilva da gadaw-
yveta; saCivari, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba da
gamoyofa, dabolos, sasamarTlos, prokuroris, gamomZieblis
urTierTqmedeba sazRvargareTis saxelmwifoTa Sesabamis
organoebsa da Tanamdebobis pirebTan samarTlebrivi dax-
marebis gawevis mizniT. aRniSnuli sakiTxebi daxasiaTebuli
unda iyos cal-calke.
$1. saproceso vadebi$1. saproceso vadebi
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi saproceso vadebis cne-sisxlis samarTlis procesSi saproceso vadebis cne-
bis qveS igulisxmeba drois is gansazRvruli monakveTi, bis qveS igulisxmeba drois is gansazRvruli monakveTi,
ra periodSiac Catarebul unda iqnes kanoniT gaTval-ra periodSiac Catarebul unda iqnes kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba anda miRebul iswinebuli esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba anda miRebul
iqnes garkveuli gadawyvetileba.iqnes garkveuli gadawyvetileba.
saproceso literaturaSi saproceso vadebis saxeebad
dayofas sxvadasxva kriteriumiT axdenen.
zogierTi avtori saproceso vadebs or saxed yofs:
pirvels miakuTvnebs im vadebs, romlebic kanoniTaa dadge-
nili da gaTvaliswinebulia erTgvarovani samarTlebrivi
urTierTobis yvela SemTxvevisaTvis, xolo meores _ vadebs,
romlebsac adgens sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis ganmaxor-
cielebeli organoebi1.
avtorTa garkvekuli nawilic, saproceso vadebs or
saxed yofs, magram aseT dayofas isini axdenen sxva krite-
riumiT: kerZod ki: pirvel saxes miakuTvneben vadebs,
romelTa mizanicaa maqsimalurad Seamciron drois mon-
akveTi momxdar faqtsa da piris mimarT Sesabamisi sasjelis
saxeobis (Tu sxva RonisZiebis) Sefardebas Soris. meore
saxeobas miakuTvneben vadebs, romlebic qmnian garantias
realurad iqnes daculi procesis monawileTa uflebebi
da kanonieri interesebi2.
avtorTa nawili saproceso vadebs sam saxed yofs: ab-
soluturad gansazRvruli, SedarebiT gansazRvruli da
alternatiuli.
absoluturad gansazRvrul saproceso vadebs miakuT-
vneben zustad gansazRvrul dros, romlis ganmavlobaSic
unda Sesruldes konkretuli saproceso moqmedeba. abso-
luturad gansazRvrulia saproceso vada, rodesac kanoni
iTxovs, Sesruldes esa Tu is sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, dauy-
ovnebliv gaTavisufldes patimrobaSi myofi gansasjeli
sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazidan Tu igi gaamarTles da a.S.
SedarebiT gansazRvrul vadad miiCneven kanonSi miTiTe-
bul saproceso vadis minimalur da maqsimalur zRvars.
magaliTad, `ganaCenis gamocxadebidan ara ugvianes 5 dRe-
Ramisa, xolo rTul, mravaltomian an mravali piris saqmeze
1 ix. Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ: Ó÷åáíèê äëÿ âóçîâ / Ïîä ðåä. Â. Ï. Áîæüåâà, 2-îå èçä., – Ì., ñïàðê, 2000, ñ. 210.
2 ix. Òåðòûøíèê Â.Ì., Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ. Ó÷åá. ïîñîáèå, 2-îå èçä., Õàðüêîâ, 1999, ñ. 26.
418 419
_ ara ugvianes 14 dRe-Ramisa, ganaCenis asli unda gadaeces
msjavrdebuls an gamarTlebuls (sssk-is 514-e muxli) da
a.S.
alternatiuli saproceso vadebia, rodesac kanoni iT-
valiswinebs saproceso moqmedebis Catarebas ama Tu im
drois monakveTSi. magaliTad, `braldeba wayenebul unda
iqnes dadgenilebis gamotanidan ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa,
xolo daniSnul dros braldebulis gamoucxadeblobis
SemTxvevaSi _ ara ugvianes misi moyvanidan 24 saaTSi~
(sssk-is 283-e muxli) da a.S.1
zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
saproceso vadebis klasifikacias axdenen sxvadasxva safuZ-
vlebiT, magram maT yvela SemTxvevaSi erTnairi daniSnule-
ba aqvT _ uzrunvelyon sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis swrafi
da drouli msvleloba, raTa mokle monakveTSi dadgindes
WeSmariteba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT
dadgenili vadebi kodeqsis 212-e muxlis Tanaxmad: gamoiT-
vleba saaTebiT, dRe-RameebiT, TveebiT.
vadebi, romelic saaTebiT gamoiTvleba, gaTvaliswinebulia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Semdeg
muxlebSi: me-12 muxli (III naw.); me-13 muxli (II naw.); 24-e muxli (VI naw.); 72-e muxli (II nawili); 83-e muxli II, VII nawilebi); 108-e muxli (IX naw.); 138-e muxli (I naw.); 140-e muxli (VIInaw.); 160-e muxli (I, II naw.); 195-e muxli (II naw.); me-200 muxli (I naw.); 243-e muxli (I naw, III naw.); 283-e muxli (I naw.); 290-e muxli (II naw.); 292-e muxli (IV naw.); 302-e muxli; 416-e muxli (III naw.); 647-e muxli (IV naw.).
1 Ñîâåòñêèé óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ. Ó÷åáíèê, îòâ. ðåä. Ê. Ô. Ãóöåíêî, Þðèäè÷åñêàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà, Ì., 120-121.
vadebi, romelic dRe-RameebiT gamoiTvleba, gaTval-
iswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis Semdeg muxlebSi: 137-e muxli (I naw.); 147-e
muxli; 231-e muxli (VI naw.); 399-e muxli (II naw.); 413-e muxli; 454-e muxli (II naw.); 455-e muxli (I naw.); 462-e muxli (II naw.); me-500 muxli (VI naw.); 514-e muxli; 636-
e muxli (I naw.).rac Seexeba dReebiT vadebis gamoTvlas, igi Sinaarso-
brivad uTanabrdeba dRe-RameebiT vadebis gamoTvlas. dRee-
biT vadebis gamoTvla gaTvaliswinebulia xsenebuli kod-
eqsis Semdeg muxlebSi: 72-e muxli (I naw.); 83-e muxli (V da VII nawilebi); 108-e muxli (XI, XII nawilebi); 140-e
muxli (XV naw.); 163-e muxli (I, II nawilebi); 242-e muxli
(IV naw.); 285-e muxli (IV naw); 449-e muxli (II naw.); 475-e muxli (IV naw.); 527-e muZli (I naw.); 529-e muxli (III naw.); 552-e muxli (II naw.); 596-e muxli (III, V nawilebi);
598-e muxli (II, III nawilebi); 599-e muxli (VII naw.).vadebi, romelic TveebiT gamoiTvleba, gaTvaliswinebu-
lia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
Semdeg muxlebSi: 50-e muxli (IV naw.); 75-e muxli (IV naw.); 162-e muxli (III, IX nawilebi); 226-e muxli (II naw.); 528-e muxli; 607-e muxli (I naw.d) punqti, II naw.); 610-e muxli
(III naw.); 618-e muxli (V naw.).wlis mixedviT vadebis gamoTvlisas gamoiyeneba Tveebis
mixedviT vadebis gamoTvlis wesi. TiToeuli weli tolia
Tormeti Tvis. wlebis mixedviT vadebis gamoTvla gaTval-
iswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saprocepso
kodeqsis 228-e (I naw.); 601-e muxlis II naw. da 607-e mux-lis (I naw. b), g) punqtebiT.
vadebis gamoTvlisas, rogorc es aRniSnulia saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 212-e mux-
420 421
lSi; `mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba is dRe-Rame da saaTi,
romlebiTac iwyeba vadis dineba, garda dakavebisa, dapatim-
rebisa, romelTa xangrZlivobac gamoiTvleba wuTebiT~. ase
magaliTad, policiis dawesebulebaSi uflebamosil Tanam-
debobis pirTan dakavebulis miyvanisTanave dauyovnebliv
unda Sedges dakavebis oqmi, sadac unda mieTiTos, rogorc
dakavebis dRe, aseve misi miyvanis saaTic. ramdenadac am
momentidan ukve aiTvleba eWvmitanilis dakavebis vada.
saproceso kanonmdebloba ara mxolod adgens vadebs,
aramed gansazRvravs imasac, Tu ra samarTlebrivi da faq-
tobrivi Sedegi mohyveba maT daucvelobas. ase, magaliTad,
kanonmdebeli aRniSnavs, rom dakavebis vada braldebis way-
enebamde ar unda aRematebodes 48 saaTs. Tu momdevno 24
saaTis ganmavlobaSi sasamarTlo ar miiRebs gadawyvetile-
bas dapatimrebis an aRkveTis RonisZiebis sxva saxis gamoy-
enebis Sesaxeb, piri dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva saproceso moqmedebaTa
Catarebis vadebi, rogorc winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze,
aseve sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa warmoebisas.
saproceso vadebi procesis monawileebs aZlevs SesaZle-
blobas gansazRvrul vadaSi daicvan sakuTari interesebi:
Seitanon saCivari Sesabamisi pirebis ukanono moqmedebis
Sesaxeb, aRZran Suamdgomloba, gaakeTon SeniSvnebi sasa-
marTlo sxdomis oqmSi, waradginon damatebiTi masalebi da
a.S.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-
eqsis 213-e muxli vadas gacdenilad ar Tvlis, roca sa-
Civari, Suamdgomloba an sxva dokumenti fostas Cabarda
vadis amowurvamde, aseve vadis gasvlamde gadaeca an
gamoecxada mis miRebaze uflebamosil pirs, xolo dapa-
timrebulTaTvis an Tu piri imyofeba samedicino daweseb-
ulebaSi _ saCivari an sxva dokumenti sapatimro adgilis
an samedicino dawesebulebis administracias Cabarda vadis
gasvlamde.
vadis gagrZeleba ki SeuZlia procesis mwarmoebel or-
ganos.
vadis gagrZelebisagan unda ganvasxvaoT gacdenili vadis
aRdgena. Tu vada sapatio mizeziTaa gacdenili, igi aRdge-
nili unda iqnes im organos an Tanamdebobis piris dadge-
nilebiT, romlis warmoebaSic imyofeba saqme. sapatio
mizeziT vadis gacdenis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba vadis
gamcden pirs.
vadis gacdenasTan dakavSirebiT gasaCivrebuli gadaw-
yvetilebis aRsruleba, dainteresebuli piris Suamdgom-
lobiT, SeiZleba SeCerdes gacdenili vadis aRdgenis Ses-
axeb sakiTxis gadawyvetamde (sssk 215-e muxli).
Tu vada ar iqna aRdgenili da saproceso moqmedeba
Catarda dadgenili vadis Semdeg, es moqmedeba baTilad
CaiTvleba (saproceso vadebis gamoTvlis, dacvis wess, vadis
gagrZelebas, gacdenili vadis aRdgenisa da mis Sedegebs
gansazRvravs saqarTvelos saproceso kodeqsis 212-e _
216-e muxlebi).
$2. sasamarTlo xarjebi$2. sasamarTlo xarjebi
sasamarTlo xarjebis cnebis qveS igulisxmeba is fu-sasamarTlo xarjebis cnebis qveS igulisxmeba is fu-
ladi saxsrebi, romelic daxarjul iqna winaswari gamoZie-ladi saxsrebi, romelic daxarjul iqna winaswari gamoZie-
bisa da sasamarTlos mier konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis bisa da sasamarTlos mier konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis warmoebisas.saqmis warmoebisas.
rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 217-e
muxlSia aRniSnuli, sasamarTlo xarjebia: a) winaswari
422 423
gamoZiebis, prokuraturisa da sasamarTlos Sesanaxad
saxelmwifo biujetidan daxarjuli fuladi saxsrebi sisx-
lis samarTlis TiToeul saqmeze; b) procesis mwarmoebel
organoSi sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebebSi monawile-
obisaTvis procesis monawileTa gamoZaxebasTan dakavSirebiT
maTi gadasaxdelebisa da gasamrjelosaTvis daxarjuli
fuladi saxsrebi.
sasamarTlo xarjebi Sedgeba: a) dazaralebulis, mowmis,
specialistis, eqspertisaTvis gadaxdili Tanxebisagan _
gamocxadebis xarjebisa da dRiuri Tanxis anazRaurebis
wesiT; b) saproceso movaleobaTa Sesasruleblad eqspertis,
specialistisa da TarjimnisaTvis gasamrjelos saxiT gad-
axdili Tanxebisagan. g) mowmisaTvis, dazaralebulisa da
misi kanonieri warmomadgenlisaTvis, romelTac mudmivi xe-
lfasi ara aqvT gadaxdili Tanxebisagan, Tu es pirebi moscd-
nen Cveulebriv saqmianobas; d) procesis mwarmoebel or-
ganoSi procesis monawileTa gamoZaxebasTan dakavSirebiT maT
mier gacdenili mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi miuRebeli xel-
fasis anazRaurebis saxiT gadaxdili Tanxebisagan; e) eWvmi-
tanilisaTvis, braldebulisa Tu gansasjelisaTvis iuridi-
uli daxmarebis gasawevad damcvelisaTvis saxelmiwifos mier
gadaxdili Tanxebisagan _ im SemTxvevebSi, roca es pirebi
gaTavisuflebulni arian damcvelis Sromis anazRaurebisagan,
an roca monawileobs damcveli daniSvniT; v) nivTier mt-
kicebulebaTa Senaxvisa da gadagzavnisaTvis daxarjuli
Tanxebisagan; z) saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi
eqspertizis Casatareblad daxarjuli Tanxebisagan; T) eWvmi-
tanilisa da braldebulisaTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan
daxmarebis saxiT gadaxdili Tanxebisagan, Tu es pirebi ga-
dayenebul iqnen Tanamdebobidan; i) dazaralebulisaTvis
danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis kompensaciis saxiT
gadaxdili Tanxebisagan. k) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZie-
basTan an sasamarTloSi ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gamomZie-
blis, prokuroris, mosamarTlisa da operatiuli muSakebi-
saTvis xelfasis saxiT gadaxdili Tanxebisagan.
zemoT aRniSnuli 217-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `a~, `g~,
`d~, `e~, `v~ da `z~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli sasamarTlo
xarjebi sasamarTlom SeiZleba daakisros msjavrdebuls da
Caricxos saxelmwifo biujetSi anda gadauxados fizikur
an iuridiul pirs mis mier gaweuli xarjebis kompensaci-
is saxiT.
Tu msjavrdebulia ramdenime piri, sasamarTlo xarjebi
daekisreba TiToeul maTgans wilobrivad _ bralis xarisx-
is, daniSnuli sasjelis simkacrisa da qonebrivi mdgo-
mareobis gaTvaliswinebiT. gadaxdevinebisas solidaruli
pasuxismgeblobis gamoyeneba dauSvebelia.
sasamarTlo uflebamosilia sasamarTlo xarjebis gad-
axdisagan mTlianad an nawilobriv gaaTavisuflos msjavrde-
buli gadaxdisuunarobis, Sromisuunarobis an ojaxis mZime
materialuri mdgomareobis gamo. sasamarTlo xarjebis
gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian gardacvlili braldebulis
an msjavrdebulis memkvidreebi.
kerZo braldebis saqmeze, saqmis warmoeba Tu Sewydeba
mxareTa Serigebis gamo, sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs sasa-
marTlo xarjebi daakisros orive mxares an erT-erTs.
msjavrdebuls SeiZleba Seumcirdes Sesabamisad gad-
asaxdeli sasamarTlo xarjebis saerTo Tanxa Tu: Catarebul
iqna arasaWiro sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi, Seyovnda winaswari
gamoZieba, sisxlis samarTlis saqme dabrunebul iqna damate-
biT gamoZiebaSi an axali sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis, gam-
ovlinda sasamarTlo Secdomebi da daikarga dro maT
gamosasworeblad da a.S.
424 425
Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvisas dakmayofilebul iqneba
samoqalaqo sarCeli, xarjebis dafarva daekisreba samo-
qalaqo mopasuxes, xolo misi uaryofis SemTxvevaSi _
samoqalaqo mosarCeles.
dazaralebulis, mowmis, specialistis, eqspertisaTvis
gadasaxdel TanxebSi igulisxmeba maTi mgzavrobis xarjebi
sagamoZiebo-sasamarTlo organoebis adgilsamyofelamde da
piruku, mudmiv sacxovrebel adgilamde. rogorc wesi, mg-
zavrobis xarjebis anazRaureba xdeba mgzavrobis damadas-
turebeli dokumentebis (bileTebis) wardgenis safuZvelze.
aseve mowmes, specialists, eqsperts, romlebic gamoZaxeb-
ulni iyvnen winaswar gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi, samuSao
adgilas unarCundebaT saSualo xelfasi (maT Soris _
premia, danamati da anazRaureba SeTavsebiTi samuSaosaTvis).
Tu arasaxelmwifo sawarmos, dawesebulebis an organizaci-
is administracia uars ambobs procesis monawilisaTvis
saSualo xelfasis gadaxdaze, maSin gadaxda warmoebs
saxelmwifo biujetidan.
eWvmitanils, braldebuls an maT naTesavebs SeuZliaT
dadon SeTanxmeba advokatTan sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi
damcvelis saxiT monawileobis Sesaxeb. dacvis pirobebsa
da xarjebis anazRaurebis wess mxareebi TviTon gansaz-
Rvraven. dacva miRebulad iTvleba SeTanxmebis xelmoweris
Semdeg.
Tu damcveli iniSneba procesis mwarmoebeli piris mier
gadaxdisuunarobis gamo, maSin misi Sroma anazRaurdeba
saxelmwifo biujetidan. anazRaurebis odenoba ki ar Sei-
Zleba iyos dadgenil ganakveTze naklebi.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
218-e muxlis me-7 nawilSi aRniSnulia, rom: `winaswari
gamoZiebis dros, agreTve gansasjelis gamarTlebis an sare-
abilitacio safuZvelze saqmis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlo xarjebis gadaxda ar xdeba~.
$3. reabilitacia $3. reabilitacia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
28-e Tavi (muxlebi 219-e – 229-e) dawvrilebiT Aaregu-
lireba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis organoebis ukanono da
dausabuTebeli moqmedebis Sedegad moqalaqeebisadmi miyen-
ebuli zianis anazRaurebis safuZvlebs da wess. sssk iT-
valiswinebs reabilitaciisa da sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis mwarmoebeli organos (piris) mier ukanono an daus-
abuTebeli moqmedebis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis anazRau-
rebis gamartivebul wess saerTo safuZvliT zianis anaz-
Raurebis wesTan SedarebiT.
sssk adgens zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ramdenime
winapirobas:
1. ziani unda iyos ukanono qmedebis Sedegi;
2. igi gamowveuli unda iyos piris ukanonod an daus-
abuTeblad:
_ dakavebis,
_ dapatimrebis,
_ samedicino dawesebulebaSi eqspertizisaTvis moTavse-
bis Sedegad,
_ Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis,
_ Cxrekis,
_ amoRebis,
_ qonebaze yadaRis dadebis,
_ sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis,
_ Semowmebis,
_ samarTalwarmoebis organoebis sxva ukanono an daus-
426 427
abuTebel moqmedebaTa Sedegad.
3. ukanono qmedebebi Cadenili unda iyos sisxlis sa-
marTlis procesis mwarmoebeili organos (piris) mier.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis mwarmoebeli organoebis
ukanono an dausabuTebeli moqmedebis Sedegad miyenebuli
zianis anazRaurebisas yvela gadasaxdeli gadaixdevineba, am
organoebis Tanamdebobis pirTa bralis miuxedavad. gad-
asaxdeli ar iniSneba, Tu udanaSaulo pirisaTvis msjavris
dadeba da mis mimarT iZulebis RonisZiebis gamoyeneba
gamowveuli iyo winaswarganzraxulad cru aRiarebiT (TviT-
gaTqmiT), romelic miRebulia raime iZulebis gareSe.
4. unda anazRaurdes pirisaTis miyenebuli nebismieri
saxis ziani.
nawilobriv reabilitacias eqvemdebareba piri, Tu zem-
dgomma sasamarTlo instanciam Secvala qmedebis kvalifika-
cia an sasjelis RonisZieba ise, rom faqtobrivad moxdili
sasjeli aRmoCnda meti an ufro mkacri, vidre sabolood
daniSnuli, anda Tu ganaCenidan amoiricxa braldebaTa
nawili, ris gamoc aRar aris safuZveli dakavebisaTvis,
dapatimrebisaTvis an Tavisuflebis aRkveTisaTvis.
fizikuri ziani anazRaurdeba saxelmwifos mier Tanxis
gadaxdiT, mkurnalobis xarjebis, Sromisunarianobis da-
kargvis an daqveiTebis sakompensaciod, Tu daavadeba gamoi-
wvia sapatimro adgilebSi dapatimrebulis yofnis reJimis
darRvevam.
sssk iTvaliswinebs fizikuri zianis sruli moculobiT
anazRaurebas saxelmwifos mier im SemTxvevSi, Tu dadgin-
deba, rom pirs janmrTeloba dauzianda:
_ dakavebis,
_ dapatimrebis,
_ samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis,
_ Tavisuflebis SezRudvis an
_ Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi msjavrdebulis
yofnis wesebis darRvevis an
_ samedicino daxmarebis droulad gauwevlobis,
_ aseve kanoniT dadgenili sasamarTlo eqspertizisa
da sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis wesis darRvevis
Sedegad.
janmrTelobis Seryevis mizezis dasadgenad aucilebelia
samedicino eqspertiza.
kerZod, aRniSnuli zianis anazRaurebis mizniT gaTval-
iswinebulia:
a) miyenebuli zianisaTvis erTdrouli gadasaxdeli,
romlis odenobasac sasamarTlo gansazRvravs daavadebis
simZimisa da prognozis gaTvaliswinebiT, magram Sromis
anazRaurebis as minimalur odenobamde;
b) mkurnalobis xarjebi;
g) ormagi odenobis pensia invalidobis dadgenis SemTx-
vevaSi.
moTxovna miyenebuli fizikuri zianis anazRaurebis
Sesaxeb wayenebuli unda iqnes:
_ sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas,
_ sasjelis moxdis procesSi da
misi moxdis Semdeg 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
2. reabilitirebulisaTvis ukanono an dausabuTebeli
moqmedebis Sedegad miyenebuli qonebrivi ziani sruli
moculobiT anazRaurdeba da moicavs:
a) xelfass an sxva Semosavals, romelic sareabilita-
cio pirs moaklda, maT Soris, anacdeni sargebeli;
b) pensias, daxmarebas, – Tu maTi gadaxda SeCerebuli
iyo;
428 429
g) fuli, fuladi anabrebi da maTi procentebi, obli-
gaciebi da maTi wilxvedri mogeba, sxva fasiani qaRaldebi
da maTze miRebuli Semosavali;
d) sasamarTlo ganaCenis an sxva gadawyvetilebis sa-
fuZvelze saxelmwifo biujetSi Setanili nivTebisa da sxva
qonebis Rirebulebas;
e) sasamarTlo ganaCenis an sxva gadawyvetilebis sa-
fuZvelze gadaxdevinebuli jarimebi da sasamarTlo xar-
jebi;
v) Tanxas, romelic gadaxda msjavrdebuls daniSvniT
dacvis ganxorcielebisaTvis;
z) advokatisaTvis gadaxdili honorars SeTanxmebiT
dacvis ganxorcielebisaTvis;
T) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebasTan dakavSirebiT
gaweul xarjebs.
im piris gardacvalebisas, romelsac ziani miadga, zianis
anazRaurebis ufleba gadadis mis memkvidreebze.
gadauxdel pensias da daxmarebas anazRaurebs social-
uri uzrunvelyofis organoebi, xolo yvela sxva saxis
zians – Sesabamisi safinanso organo saxelmwifo biujeti-
dan. dasabrunebeli fulisa da nivTebis Rirebulebis ind-
eqsacia xdeba gadaxdis dRes arsebuli saSualo-sabazro
fasebiT, inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.
3. moraluri zianis anazRaureba xdeba presaSi an maso-
brivi informaciis sxva saSualebiT bodiSis moxdis gziT,
agreTve fuladi kompensaciiT
publikacia sruli an nawilobrivi reabilitaciis
yvela SemTxvevis Sesaxeb unda gamoqveyndes saqarTvelos
iusticiis saministros oficialur gamocemaSi.
mosamarTle, prokurori an gamomZiebeli, romelic mi-
iRebs gadawyvetilebas reabilitaciis Sesaxeb, valdebulia
dauyovnebliv Seatyobinos amis Taobaze sawarmos, daweseb-
ulebisa Tu organizaciis administraciasa da SromiT koleq-
tivs, sadac muSaobda an swavlobda reabilitirebuli.
Tu cnobebi dakavebis, dapatimrebis, samedicino dawese-
bulebaSi moTavsebis, Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis, Cxrekis,
sxva iZulebiTi moqmedebis, braldebis Sinaarsisa da gamam-
tyunebeli ganaCenis Sesaxeb gaavrceles masobrivi infor-
maciis saSualebebma, isini valdebulni arian gamoaqveynon
informacia reabilitaciisa Tu saTanado saproceso moq-
medebis ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis Sesaxeb.
organo, romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba reabilit-
aciis Sesaxeb, reabilitirebuls aZlevs misi udanaSaulo-
bis damadasturebel dokuments.
Tu romelime saproceso moqmedebis Sedegad pirs qone-
brivi, fizikuri an moraluri ziani miadga, am zianis anaz-
Raurebis garda, samarTalwarmoebis Sesabamisi organo
(Tanamdebobi piri) romelTa ukanono qmedebamac gamoiwvia
zianis miyeneba, moTxovnis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi am qmedeb-
iT dazaralebul pirs werilobiT uxdis bodiSs.
4. imavdroulad sssk iTvaliswinebs aseve im pirisaTvis,
romelic ukanonond an dausabuTeblad iyo msjavrdebuli,
vinc aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobaSi imyofeboda,
an iyo dakavebuli an moTavsebuli samedicino dawesebule-
baSi sxva uflebaTa aRdgenas. kerZod:
1. samuSaodan (Tanamdebobidan) gaTavisuflebis SemTx-
vevaSi _ misTvis winandeli samuSaos (Tanamdebobis) micemas,
an Tu es SeuZlebelia_ sxva tolfasi samuSaoTi (Tanamde-
bobiT) uzrunvelyofas;
2. saswavleblidan garicxvis SemTxvevaSi _ saswavleb-
elSi aRdgenas;
3. sacxovrebeli binis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi _
430 431
daubrundes adre dakavebuli bina, xolo Tu es SeuZlebe-
lia-saxelmwifom mas riggareSe misces tolfasi keTilmow-
yobili sacxovrebeli bina imave dasaxlebul punqtSi, sa-
binao farTobis moqmedi normebisa da misi ojaxis wevrTa
Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebiT;
4. samxedro da sxva wodebebis, saklaso Cinebis, or-
denebis da medlebis CamorTmevis SemTxvevaSi _ dadgenili
wesiT unda aRudges wodebebi, saklaso Cinebi, daubrundes
ordenebi da medlebi.
Tu arsebobs monacemebi, rom ziani miyenebulia gamomZie-
blis an prokuroris ukanono anda dausabuTebeli moqmede-
bis Sedegad, pirs, romelsac Tavi dazaralebulad miaCnia,
ufleba aqvs saCivari Seitanos sasamarTloSi winaswari
gamoZiebis damTavrebamde. mosamarTle saCivars ganixilavs
erTpirovnulad, momCivnisa da im organos warmomadgenlis
monawileobiT, romlis moqmedebac saCivrdeba da gamoaqvs:
1. dadgenileba saCivris dakmayofilebis da miyenebuli
zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelSic dasabuTebuli unda
iyos miyenebuli zianis saxeoba da odenoba; an
2. dasabuTebuli dadgenileba saCivris dakmayofilebaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
mosamarTles, romelmac winaswari gamoZiebis dros
ganixila saCivari miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,
ufleba ara aqvs SemdgomSi ganixilos sisxlis samarTlis
saqme, romlis gamoc Setanili iyo saCivari. mosamarTlis
dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT. mosa-
marTlis kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli dadgenileba gamoricxavs
sasamarTloSi samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT imave
moTxovnis dasakmayofileblad mimarTvis SesaZleblobas.
mas Semdeg, rac prokurori Sewyvets sisxlissamarT-
lebriv devnas an/da winaswar gamoZiebas im safuZvliT,
romelsac reabilitacia mosdevs, saqmes gadascems sasamarT-
los, romlis gansjadic iyo es saqme, da es imave dRes
unda ecnobos reabilitirebuls. Tu prokurori sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyveti-
sas ar gansazRvravs zianis odenobas, reabilitirebuls
ufleba aqvs pirdapir mimarTos sasamarTlos. saqmis miRe-
bidan ara ugvianes erTi Tvisa mosamarTle atarebs sxdomas
da gamoaqvs dasabuTebuli dadgenileba reabilitirebu-
lisaTvis miyenebuli yvela saxis zianis anazRaurebis Ses-
axeb. mosamarTlis dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
saapelacio wesiT.
Tu reabilitaciis safuZveli gamovlinda sasamarTloSi,
mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gamamarTlebel ganaCenSi an ganCinebaSi
(dadgenilebaSi), romelsac reabilitacia mosdevs, unda cnos
reabilitirebulisaTvis miyenebuli yvela saxis zianis anaz-
Raurebis ufleba. ganaCenis an ganCinebis (dadgenilebis)
asli reabilitirebuls unda gadaeces xelze an gaegzavnos
fostiT. mas ganemarteba, rom zianis anazRaurebisa da ufle-
bebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadeba sasamarTloSi Setanili
unda iqnes gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis an reabilitaciis sxva
aqtis gamotanis dRidan 6 Tvis vadaSi. reabilitirebuls
ufleba aqvs mimarTos reabilitaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileb-
is gamomtan sasamarTlos, romelic reabilitirebulis
gancxadebis mixedviT gansazRvravs misTvis miyenebuli zianis
odenobas, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moiTxovs safinanso
da socialuri uzrunvelyofis organoebis gaangariSebas. Tu
sasamarTlom saqme Sewyvita misi sakasacio wesiT ganxil-
visas, zianis odenobas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, romelmac
ganaCeni gamoitana, oRond sxva SemadgenlobiT. gagamamarTle-
beli ganaCeni, sasamarTlos, mosamarTlis prokuroris
432 433
ganCineba (dadgenileba) mareabilitirebeli safuZvliT sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyve-
tis Sesaxeb Tavad warmoadgens gadawyvetilebas piris re-
abilitaciis Sesaxeb da am sakiTxis (TviT reabilitaciis
faqtis) dasadgenad sasamarTlo ganxilva aRar tardeba.
sasamarTlo ganxilva reabilitaciasTan dakavSirebiT Seex-
eba ara TviT reabilitaciis faqtis dadgenas (rac ukve
dadgenilia Sesabamisi mareabilitirebeli gadawyvetilebiT)
aramed_ ukve reabilitirebulisaTvis miyenebuli zianis
anazRaurebas da mis aRdgenas uflebebSi.
zianis odenobis gansazRvris Semdeg sasamarTlos gamo-
aqvs ganCineba (dadgenileba) yvela saxis zianis anazRaure-
bis Sesaxeb. gerbiani beWdiT damowmebuli ganCinebis (dadge-
nilebis) asli gadaecema an egzavneba reabilitirebuls,
xolo misi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi – mis memkvidreebs,
raTa es asli warudginon organoebs, romlebic valdeb-
ulni arian aanazRauron yvela saxis ziani.
reabilitirebulisaTvis yvela saxis zianis anazRaure-
bis Sesaxeb ganCineba (dadgenileba) SeiZleba saapelacio
wesiT gaasaCivron reabilitirebulma, prokurorma, dain-
teresebulma pirma da organizaciam, romlebsac exeba sasa-
marTlos moTxovna reabilitirebulisaTvis yvela uflebis
aRdgenis Sesaxeb.
Tu reabilitaciis safuZveli gamovlinda sasamarT-
loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas,
mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) gamamarTlebel ganaCenSi an
mareabilitirebeli safuZvliT sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb dadgenilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) unda
cnos reabilitirebulis ufleba moiTxovos miyenebuli
zianis anazRaureba.
Tu moqalaqis moTxovna SromiTi, sapensio, sabinao an
sxva uflebis aRdgenis, anda qonebisa Tu misi Rirebuleb-
is dabrunebis Sesaxeb ar dakmayofilebula, an Tu moqalaqe
ar eTanxmeba miRebul gadawyvetilebas, mas ufleba aqvs
mimarTos sasamarTlos Sesabamisi moTxovniT, sasarCelo
warmoebis wesiT, gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis an reabilit-
aciis Sesaxeb sxva aqtis gamotanis dRidan 3 wlis ganmav-
lobaSi.
sasamarTlosaTvis sarCeliT mimarTvis samwliani vadis
gaSvebis SemTxvevaSi piri uflebamosilia gacdenili vadis
aRdgenis (sapatiod CaTvlis) Sesaxeb gancxadebiTY mimarTos
im sasamarTlos, romelSic unda Setaniliyo sarCeli. vadis
sapatio mizeziT gacdenisas sasamarTlom es vada unda aR-
adginos.
reabilitaciis Sesaxeb ganCinebis (dadgenilebis) Ses-
ruleba savaldebuloa yvela dawesebulebis, sawarmosa da
organizaciisaTvis, sakuTrebis formis miuxedavad.
Tu gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni an ganCineba (dadgenileba)
reabilitaciis Sesaxeb gauqmebulia da gamamtyunebeli gan-
aCeni gamotanilia, sasamarTlom SeiZleba SecdomiT re-
abilitirebuls daakisros zianis asanazRaureblad miReb-
uli Tanxis gadaxda. sasamarTlos agreTve SeuZlia gaauq-
mos reabilitaciis sxva RonisZiebebi.
rogorc ukve avRniSneT, sssk detalurad aregulirebs
reabilitaciis da sisxlis samarTlis procesis organoe-
bis ukanono da dausabuTebeli moqmedebis Sedegad miyen-
ebuli zianis anazRaurebas. sssk 12.4 muxli adgens, rom
`ukanonod da dausabuTeblad TavisuflebaSezRudul pirs
aqvs misTvis miyenebuli zianis srulad anazRaurebis
ufleba~. ufleba ukanono da dausabuTebeli dakavebis
Sedegad miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis miRebaze garan-
tirebulia eWvmitanilis da braldebulisTvisac (muxli
434 435
73.1 da muxli 76.2). imavdroulad, sssk 150-e muxli iT-
valiswinebs ukanono da dausabuTebeli dakavebis Sedegad
miyenebuli zianis sruli moculobiT anazRaurebas saxelm-
wifo biujetidan, imis miuxedavad, iqneba Tu ara dakave-
buli msjavrdebuli. magram sssk 165-e muxli, romelic
aseve aregulirebs piris ukanono an dausabuTebeli dakave-
biT da dapatimrebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis
sakiTxebs principulad sawinaaRmdego debulebebs Seicavs
da adgens, rom qonebrivi ziani pirs sruli moculobiT
aunazRaurdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dadginda, rom misi
dakaveba an dapatimreba ukanono an dausabuTebeli iyo.
150-e muxlisgan gansxvavebiT igi qonebrivi zianis anaz-
Raurebas pirdapir ukavSirdebs gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis
gamotanas, an saqmis Sewyvetas mareabilitirebeli safuZ-
vliT _ kerZod, Tu:
_ Tu ar arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli qmedeba; an
_ saqme Sewyvetilia piris mier sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis asakis miuRwevlobis gamo, an
_ saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 36-e–38-e
muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;
amdenad, sssk 160-e muxli ewinaaRmdegeba evropuli
sasamarTlos precedentul samarTals, vinaidan kompen-
saciis miniWebisaTvis piris gamarTlebas adgens winapirobad.
igi aseve ewinaaRmdegeba TviT sssk sxva muxlebsac (mag.
muxli 1504 romelic iTvaliswinebs ukanono da dausabuTe-
beli dakavebisaTvis zianis upirobo anazRaurebas).
165-e muxlisgan gansxvavebiT sssk219-e muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli ziani unda anazRaurdes saqmis Sedegis miuxede-
vad. am SemTxvevaSi erTaderT pirobad sssk adgens im ga-
remoebas, rom aRniSnuli qmedebiT adgili unda hqondes
pirisaTvis:
• qonebrivi,
• fizikuri, an
• moraluri zianis miyenebas.
magram sssk 219-e muxli piris reabilitacias ukavSirebs
mis gamarTlebas da adgens, rom: reabilitaciis safuZve-
lia:
I. gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni,
II. mosamarTlis an prokuroris dadgenileba (ganCineba)
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb Semdegi safuZvlebiT:
a) Tu ar arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli qmedeba;
b) Tu qmedeba ar aris marTlsawinaaRmdego;
g) Tu axali kanoni auqmebs qmedebis danaSaulebri-
obas;
d) Tu kanoni, romelsac emyareba braldeba, arakonsti-
tuciurad aris cnobili;
i) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeni imave
braldebis gamo anda sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) ganCineba
(dadgenileba) imave braldebiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
Sewyvetis Taobaze;
k) Tu arsebobs sasamarTlos an prokuroris dadge-
nileba (ganCineba) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da winas-
wari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb;
m) Tu prokurori da dazaralebuli uars ityvian bral-
debaze am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da dadge-
nili wesiT; an
III. mosamarTlis an prokuroris dadgenileba (ganCineba)
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb Semdegi
safuZvlebiT:
436 437
a) pirs ar miuRwevia im asakisaTvis, romlidanac dgeba
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba,
b)saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 36-e–38-e
muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;
g) gasulia am kodeqsis 75-e muxlis me-4 nawiliT gaT-
valiswinebuli vada.
IV. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyveta sss kodeqsis
28-e muxlSi aRniSnuli nebismieri safuZvliT.
sssk Tanaxmad ukanonod an dausabuTeblad msjavrdebuls
an braldebuls unda aRudges uflebebi, Tu dadgindeba misi
udanaSauloba.
zemoT aRniSnuli naTlad metyvelebs imaze, rom saqarT-
velos kanonmdebloba kompensaciis sakiTxs ukavSirebs piris
gamarTlebas (gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis dadgenas an mare-
abilitirebeli safuZvlebiT Sewyvetas). aRniSnuli ewi-
naaRmdegeba adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa
dacvis evropuli konvenciis arss da sasamarTlos praqti-
kas, romelic iTvaliswinebs kompensaciis uflebis miniWe-
bas ganaCenis saxis miuxedavad.
imavdroulad adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Tavisu-
flebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis 5.5 muxli saxelmwi-
fos ar aniWebs diskrecias Tavad gansazRvros kompensaci-
is saxiT samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis uzrunvelmyo-
feli organo. 5.5 muxli moiTxovs, rom aseTi saSualeba
xelmisawvdomi iyos sasamarTlos saxiT, rac gulisxmobs,
rom aRniSnuli saSualeba uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes
samarTlebrivad savaldebulo gadawyvetilebiT. rac Seex-
eba kompensaciis uflebis ganxorcielebas, saxelmwifom
Tavad unda gansazRvros samarTalwarmoebis forma. samarT-
lebrivi dacvis saSualebebis sxva organoebis mier uzrun-
velyofa 5.5. muxlis miznebisaTvis sakmarisi ar aris.
$4. Suamdgomloba$4. Suamdgomloba
Suamdgomloba es aris procesis monawilis oficialuri Suamdgomloba es aris procesis monawilis oficialuri
Txovna gamomZieblis, sasamarTlos an mosamarTlis winaSe, Txovna gamomZieblis, sasamarTlos an mosamarTlis winaSe,
saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis an saproceso gadaw-saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis an saproceso gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebis Sesaxebyvetilebis miRebis Sesaxeb (Suamdgomlobis ganxilva _gad-
awyvetis wess gansazRvravs sssk 230-e _ 233-e muxlebi).
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis erT-
erTi garantiaa Suamdgomlobis institutis arseboba. am
institutiT sargebloba SeiZleba sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis nebismier stadiaze. Suamdgomlobis gancxadeba Seu-
Zlia procesis yvela monawiles. igi SeiZleba gancxadebu-
li iqnes rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri formiT. weri-
lobiTi Suamdgomloba da misi damasabuTebeli masalebi Tan
erTvis sisxlis samarTlis saqmes. xolo zepiri Suamdgom-
loba, Tu is Setanil iqna winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze,
unda aisaxos im sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmSi, romlis
Catarebis drosac iyo igi gancxadebuli, aseve SeiZleba
Sedges calke oqmi. sasamarTloSi gancxadebuli Suamdgom-
loba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
231-e muxlis me-5 nawilSi SeniSnulia, rom Suamdgomlobis
uaryofa ganmcxadebels ar uspobs uflebas, axali arse-
biTi garemoebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi mimarTos Suamdgom-
lobiT sisxlis samarTlis procesis imave an sxva stadi-
aze.
Suamdgomloba ganxilul da gadawyvetil unda iqnes
misi gancxadebis momentidan ara ugvianes 3 dRe-Ramisa.
gamomZiebeli, prokurori, pirveli da saapelacio in-
stanciis sasamarTloebi miiReben ra Sesabamisad: eWvmita-
nilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis, damcvelis, dazarale-
438 439
bulis warmomadgenlis, Tu procesis sxva monawilis das-
abuTebul Suamdgomlobas mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovis,
sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis Sesaxeb,
dauyovnebliv unda daakmayofilon im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Suam-
dgomloba xels uwyobs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gare-
moebaTa yovelmxriv, srulad da obieqturad dadgenas.
braldebisa da dacvis mxareTa mier Suamdgomlobis
Txovnis dros, upiratesobiT arc erTi mxare ar sargeblobs.
orive mxaris Suamdgomloba erTnairi yuradRebiT ganix-
ileba. aqve xazgasasmelia erTi garemoebac, kerZod ki,
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 232-
e muxlis meoTxe nawiliT pirveli da saapelacio instan-
ciebis sasamarTloebma aucileblad unda daakmayofilon
braldebis mxaris Suamdgomloba im mtkicebulebis gamoTx-
ovis, saqmeze darTvisa da gamokvlevis Sesaxeb, romelic
adasturebs wayenebul braldebas an amZimebs gansasjelis
pasuxismgeblobas. aseTi mbrZanebluri moTxovna, rom
aucileblad iqnes dakmayofilebuli dacvis mxaris Suam-
dgomloba kanonmdeblobiT araa gaTvaliswinebuli. aseTi
midgomiT, vfiqrobT, darRveulia SejibrebiTobis mniSvnelo-
vani moTxovna _ Tanabari pirobebi SeeqmneT mxareebs mt-
kicebulebaTa warsadgenad da paeqrobisaTvis.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
69-e muxlis `d~ punqtis Tanaxmad, dazaralebuls ufleba
aqvs ganacxados Suamdgomlobani mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxo-
vis, sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis, saqmis
garemoebaTa Semowmebisa da samarTalwarmoebis dros wamoW-
rili sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.
Suamdgomlobis dasmis uflebiT sargebloben, rogorc
es naTqvamia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis 73-e _ 76-e muxlebSi, eWvmitanili da braldebu-
li. maTac, Sesabamisad gaaCniaT ufleba ganacxadon Suam-
dgomloba Catarebul iqnes esa Tu is sagamoZiebo moqmede-
ba maTi monawileobiT. ganacxadon Suamdgomloba gamoZiebis
Sevsebis Taobaze, romlis ganxilvac savaldebuloa.
Tuki procesis monawilis Suamdgomloba dakmayofile-
buli iqneba, igi dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos Suamdgomlo-
bis ganmcxadebels. magram, Tu ar iqna dakmayofilebuli
Suamdgomloba, magaliTad, winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze,
gamomZiebels gamoaqvs motivirebuli, dasabuTebuli dadge-
nileba Suamdgomlobis uaryofis Sesaxeb, rac gadaecema
Suamdgomlobis Semtan pirs, xolo sasamarTloSi Suamdgom-
lobis uaryofis Sesaxeb gamotanili ganCineba (dadgenile-
ba) gamoucxaddeba procesis monawiles uSualod sasamarT-
loSi.
Tu Suamdgomlobis ganmcxadebeli piri ar eTanxmeba
gamomZieblis mier Suamdgomlobis uaryofas, mas ufleba
aqvs aseTive SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos prokurors.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
233-e muxliT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso iZulebis
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb Suam-
dgomlobas adgens gamomZiebeli da eTanxmeba prokurori.
amave moqmedebebis vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobebs
ganixilavs mosamarTle aRniSnuli kodeqsis 140-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-
bis dros izRudeba adamianis konstituciuri uflebebi da
Tavisuflebebi, Suamdgomlobas sagamoZiebo moqmedebis
Catarebis Sesaxeb adgens gamomZiebeli da eTanxmeba proku-
rori. ganixilavs mosamarTle 140-e muxliT gaTvaliswineb-
uli wesiT.
mosamarTlis mier sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
440 441
iZulebis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, gagrZelebis, Secvlis an
gauqmebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ganxilvisas prokuroris
monawileoba savaldebuloa.
$5. saCivari$5. saCivari
saCivris cnebis qveS igulisxmeba procesis monawilis saCivris cnebis qveS igulisxmeba procesis monawilis
mimarTva sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisaTvis pasux-mimarTva sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisaTvis pasux-
ismgebeli saxelmwifo organos an Tanamdebobis pirisadmi ismgebeli saxelmwifo organos an Tanamdebobis pirisadmi
darRveuli uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis aRsadgenad darRveuli uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis aRsadgenad
(gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs eZRvneba sssk XXX Tavis 234-e _ 243-e muxlebi).
gamomZieblis, gamoZiebis organos ufrosis, prokuroris,
mosamarTlis an sasamarTlos moqmedebisa da gadawyvetileb-
is gasaCivrebis uflebis miniWeba procesis monawileebisaT-
vis, umniSvnelovanesi garantiaa maTi uflebebis, Tavisufle-
bebisa da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad.
kanonmdebeli uSvebs SesaZleblobas saCivari Setanil
iqnes im pirTan an im organoSi, romlis moqmedebac an gad-
awyvetilebac saCivrdeba. magram am SemTxvevaSi saCivari
dauovnebliv unda gadaegzavnos uflebamosil pirs.
gamomZieblis, gamoZiebis organos ufrosis an proku-
roris moqmedebis an gadawyvetilebis gamo saCivari ra
vadaSi unda iqnes Setanili, rogorc wesi, kanonmdebeli
ar adgens. rogorc saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso kodeqsis 236-e muxli gansazRvravs, aseTi saCivari
SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes winaswari gamoZiebis mTeli war-
moebis ganmavlobaSi.
saCivari SeiZleba iyos rogorc werilobiTi aseve zepiri.
zepiri saCivari Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi, romelsac xels
aweren ganmcxadebeli da saCivris mimRebi Tanamdebobis piri.
saCivars SeiZleba daerTos misi damadasturebeli masalebi.
Tu sapatio mizeziT ver moxda saCivris Setana, gacde-
nili drois aRdgena SeuZlia saxelmwifo organos an
Tanamdebobis pirs, romelic uflebamosilia miiRos gadaw-
yvetileba am saCivris gamo.
mas Semde, rac uflebamosili organo an Tanamdebobis
piri miiRebs saCivars, igi unda ganixilos, yovelmxriv
Seamowmos masSi Camoyalibebuli mosazrebani, saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi gamoiTxovos damatebiTi masalebi da ganmarte-
bani. yvela zoma unda iqnes miRebuli sisxlis samarTlis
procesis monawileTa, sxva pirTa, agreTve dawesebulebaTa,
sawarmoebisa da organizaciebis darRveuli uflebebisa da
kanonieri interesebis aRsadgenad.
saCivris ganxilvis Sedegad SeiZleba miRebul iqnes
erT-erTi Semdegi gadawyvetileba: a) gasaCivrebuli gadaw-
yvetilebis an misi nawilis gauqmebis an Secvlis Sesaxeb;
b) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb; g)
gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis iuridiuli Zalis armqoned cno-
bis Sesaxeb; d) saCivris uaryofis Sesaxeb. saCivris dak-
mayofilebaze uari dasabuTebuli unda iyos.
saCivris Semtan pirs unda Seatyobinon, rom miRebulia
gadawyvetileba saCivris gamo da gunamarton gasaCivrebis
Semdgomi wesi;
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
241-e muxlis meore nawilSi aRniSnulia, rom: `Tu gasa-
Civrebuli moqmedebis an gadawyvetilebis gamo pirs arama-
rTlzomieri moraluri, fizikuri an qonebrivi ziani miadga,
mas unda ganemartos am zianis anazRaurebis ufleba~.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmes unda daerTos saCivari da
masze pasuxis asli, agreTve saCivris Semowmebis masalebi.
442 443
saproceso kodeqsis 242-e muxlis Sesabamisad gamomZie-
blis, prokuroris moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis gasa-
Civreba SeiZleba moxdes sasamarTloSi, romelic momCivanis
azriT ukanonoa, kerZod:
a) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZie-
bis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb prokuroris dadgenileba (399-e
muxli).
b) eqspertizis daniSvnaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gamomZie-
blis an prokuroris dadgenileba (73-e muxli).
sasamarTlosaTvis saCivriT mimarTvis ufleba aqvs pro-
cesis yovel monawiles, romelic icavs sakuTar an marw-
muneblis interess, kerZod: eWvmitanils, braldebuls,
damcvels, kanonier warmomadgenels, agreTve dazaralebuls,
samoqalaqo mosarCeles, samoqalaqo mopasuxes, maT warmo-
madgenlebs.
procesis monawiles ufleba aqvs gamomZieblis moqmede-
bisa Tu gadawyvetilebis gamo saCivriT mimarTos sasamarT-
los mas Semdeg, rac es saCivari uaryo prokurorma, anda
uSualod sasamarTlos.
saCivars ganixilavs sasamarTlo gamoZiebis adgilis
mixedviT. saCivari Seitaneba ara ugvianes 15 dRisa mas
Semdeg, rac momCivnisaTvis cnobili gaxda moqmedeba Tu
gadawyvetileba, romelic mas ukanonod an dausabuTeblad
miaCnia, gasaCivrebis vadis sapatio mizeziT gacdenis SemTx-
vevaSi misi aRdgena SeuZlia sasamarTlos.
miRebul saCivars sasamarTlo ganixilavs 15 dRis va-
daSi.
saCivris ganxilvis Semdeg mosamarTles gamoaqvs dadge-
nileba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis an saCivris
dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
mosamarTlis dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes 10 dRis
vadaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiaSi,
sadac saCivari ganixileba 15 dRis vadaSi. ganmcxadebeli
Tavisufldeba baJis gadasaxadisagan.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
243-e muxli gansazRvravs winaswri gamoZiebis stadiaze
aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis
Sesaxeb mosamarTlis brZanebis gasaCivrebis wess. kerZod
ki, naTqvamia, rom: raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mosa-
marTlis brZaneba (dadgenileba) aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoy-
enebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba erTjeradad
gasaCivrdes brZanebis (dadgenilebis) gacemidan (gamotani-
dan) 48 saaTis vadaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo
kolegiaSi.
saCivari Setanil unda iqnes brZanebis (dadgenilebis)
gamomtan mosamarTlesTan, romelic saCivarsa da saqmis
masalebs dauyovnebliv ugzavnis Sesabamis sasamarTlos
gansjadobis mixedviT. gasaCivreba ar aCerebs brZanebis
(dadgenilebis) aRsrulebasa da saqmeze gamoZiebas. mosa-
marTle saCivars ganixilavs saqmis masalebis miRebidan ara
ugvianes 72 saaTisa; saCivris ganxilvis dRe da dro dauy-
ovnebliv ecnobeba mxareebs.
sagamoZiebo kolegiis mosamarTle saCivars erTpirovnu-
lad ganixilavs, prokurorisa da mxareTa monawileobiT.
mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ar abrkolebs saCivris ganxilvas.
saCivris ganxilvisas mowmdeba aRkveTis RonisZiebebis gamoy-
enebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb brZanebis (dadgenileb-
is) gacemisas mosamarTlem daicva Tu ara kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli moTxovnebi, da amis Semdeg mosamarTle (sasa-
marTlo) iRebs erT-erT Semdeg gadawyvetilebas; a) gasa-
Civrebuli brZanebis (dadgenilebis) ZalaSi datovebisa da
saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb; b) gasaCivre-
444 445
buli brZanebis (dadgenilebis) gauqmebis (Secvlis) da
saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
saCivris ganmxilvel mosamarTles (sasamarTlos) ufle-
ba aqvs adre gamoyenebuli aRkveTis RonisZieba braldebis
mxaris (prokurori, dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli)
Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze Secvalos ufro mkacri aRkve-
Tis RonisZiebiT, ris Sesaxebac gamoitans dadgenilebas
(ganCinebas).
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT, saCivris Semtan
mxares ufleba aqvs, vidre mosamarTle saTaTbiro oTaxSi
gavidodes, ukan gamoiTxovos Tavisi saCivari. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi saCivris ganmeorebiT Setana ar daiSveba.
rogorc saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis 243-e muxlis merve nawilSia aRniSnuli: sa-
Civris ganxilvis Sedegad gamotanili dadgenilebis asle-
bi gadaecema mxareebs, egzavneba brZanebis (dadgenilebis)
gamcem mosamarTlesa da dadgenilebis aRmasrulebel or-
ganos.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 243-e muxliT
dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad, gamotanili dadgenileba
sabolooa da ar gasaCivrdeba.
$6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba $6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba
da gamoyofada gamoyofa
im mizniT, rom yovelmxriv, srulad da obieqturad
iqnes gamoZiebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis yvela gare-
moeba, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba iTval-
iswinebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianebasa da
gamoyofas.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTiane-
bis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos: a) erTi an ramdenime dana-
Saulis CadenaSi Tanamonawile ramdenime piris braldebis
saqmeebi; b) ramdenime danaSaulis CadenaSi monawile erTi
piris braldebis saqmeebi; g) danaSaulis winaswar Seupire-
beli dafarvis saqmeebi; d) saqmeebi movlenisa da moqmede-
bis Sesaxeb, romelTa monawileebic imavdroulad arian
braldebulica da dazaralebulic, maT Soris, sajaro
braldebis saqmeebi.
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoebac, rom sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 245-e muxli SesaZleblad
miiCnevs erT warmoebad saqmeTa gaerTianebas da ara valde-
bulebad. kanonmdeblis aseTi miniSneba logikuricaa, rameTu
gasaTvaliswinebelia is praqtikuli siZneleebi, romelic
Tan axlavs konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZie-
basa da ganxilvas.
erTi an ramdenime danaSaulis CadenaSi Tanamonawile
ramdenime piris braldebis saqmeebis erT warmoebad gaer-
Tianebas is gamarTleba aqvs, rom iZleva SesaZleblobas
dadgindes TiToeuli Tanamonawilis roli danaSaulTa
CadenaSi da obieqturad mieces Sefaseba rogorc TiToeulis
qmedebas, ise danaSaulis saSiSroebas. aRniSnuli safuZvliT
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi erT warmoebad SeiZleba gaer-
446 447
Tiandes winaswari gamoZiebis msvlelobisas.
rac Seexeba ramdenime danaSaulis CadenaSi monawile
erTi piris braldebis saqmeebs, am safuZvliT SeiZleba
gaerTianebul iqnes nebismieri, ramdenime sisxlis samarTlis
saqme, miuxedavad maTi Sinaarsisa da simZimisa, Tu dadgin-
deba, rom es danaSaulebani Cadenilia erTi piris mier. am
safuZvliT saqmeTa gaerTianeba erT warmoebad SeiZleba
wamoiWras winaswari gamoZiebisas, agreTve sasamarTloSic.
danaSaulis winaswar Seupirebeli dafarvis saqmeebis
erT warmoebad gaerTianebas is Tavisebureba axlavs, rom
am dros erTiandeba saqme ori sxvadasxva danaSaulis Ses-
axeb, romlebic Cadenilia sxvadasxva piris mier. magram
aRniSnul saqmeTa gaerTianebas is gamarTleba aqvs, rom
winaswar Seupirebeli dafarvisaTvis pasuxismgebloba damok-
idebulia imaze, dadgindeba Tu ara egreT wodebuli `Zir-
iTadi~ danaSaulis Cadena.
saqmeTa gaerTianeba erT warmoebad, romlis monawilee-
bic imavdroulad arian braldebulica da dazaralebulic,
xSirad gvxvdeba kerZo braldebis saqmeebze, rodesac mxa-
reebi erTmaneTs braldebebs uyeneben. aseT SemTxvevaSi
mosamarTle Tavisi dadgenilebiT dazaralebuls cnobs
braldebuladac, xolo braldebuls _ dazaralebuladac.
saqmeTa gaerTianeba erT warmoebad xdeba prokuroris
dadgenilebiT an prokuroris SuamdgomlobiT mosamarTlis
(sasamarTlos) dadgenilebiT (ganCinebiT).
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
246-e muxli iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmidan
saqmis gamoyofas calke warmoebisaTvis. kerZod, prokurors,
sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ufleba aqvT sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmidan gamoyon saqme calke warmoebisaTvis: a) mi-
malvaSi myofi braldebulis mimarT; b) braldebulis mimarT,
romlis adgilsamyofelic ucnobia; g) braldebulis mimarT,
romelic mZime avadmyofobiT daavadda, rac dadasturebulia
eqimis mier; d) arasrulwlovani braldebulis mimarT,
romelic saqmeSi monawileobisaTvis Cabmulia mozrdil
braldebulebTan erTad, Tu es gavlenas ar moaxdens gamoZie-
bisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis yovelmxrivobaze, sisrule-
sa da obieqturobaze; e) danaSaulis daudgeneli Tana-
monawilis mimarT.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoyofis Sesaxeb dgeba
prokuroris, anda mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) dadgenile-
ba (ganCineba).
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoyofisas, gamoiyofa
saqmis masalebi dednebi, xolo maTi saTanadod damowmebu-
li aslebi rCeba saqmeSi, romlidanac gamoiyo masalebi.
gamoyofili saqmis winaswari gamoZiebis vada iwyeba
gamoyofis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotanis dRidan.
$7 samarTlebrivi daxmareba da urTierToba $7 samarTlebrivi daxmareba da urTierToba
sazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebTansazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebTan
msoflioSi mimdinare integraciuli procesebi, sazRvre-
bis gamWvirvaleoba da gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba garkveul-
wilad xels uwyobs organizebuli transnacionaluri dana-
Saulis masStabebis zrdas, rac safrTxes uqmnis rogorc
konkretul saxelmwifoTa, aseve msoflio Tanamegobrobis
usafrTxoebas da marTlwesrigs. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
sul ufro mzard mniSvnelobas iZens saxelmwifoTaSoriso
TanamSromloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa ganxilva-gamoZie-
bis sferoSi, ris gareSec praqtikulad SeuZlebeli xdeba
gamoZiebis srulyofilad ganxorcieleba.
448 449
sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSrom-
lobasTan dakavSirebuli saproceso sakiTxebis reglamen-
tacia xdeba:
1. saqarTvelosaTvis ZalaSi myofi saerTaSoriso konven-
ciebis da xelSekrulebebis debulebiT1
2. samTavrobaTaSoriso da sauwyebaTaSoriso xel Sekru-
lebebiT
3. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
XXXII TaviT
4. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
247-260 muxlebiT-Sesabamis saxelmwifosTan samarT-
lebrivi daxmarebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis ar arsebo-
bis SemTxvevaSi.
kerZod, aseTi daxmarebis gawevis sakiTxi SeiZleba gad-
awydes saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris an saqarTvelos
generalur prokurorsa da aRniSnuli saxelmwifos Sesa-
bamis Tanamdebobis pirebs Soris specialurad am SemTxve-
visaTvis dadebuli SeTanxmebiT da xorcieldeba 248-260
muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
1 `eqstradiciis Sesaxeb~ evropis konvencia da misi damatebiTi oqmebi, `sisxlis samarTlis sakiTxebze urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb~ 1959 wlis 20
aprilis evropis konvencia; misi damatebiTi oqmi (1978w. 17 marti), ̀ ucxoeTis
kanonmdeblobaze informaciis Sesaxeb~ evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi
(1978w), arasrulwlovanTa repatriaciis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciaarasrulwlovanTa repatriaciis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia (1970),
sisxlis samarTlebriv ganaCenTa saerTaSoriso aRiarebis Sesaxeb~ (1970),
`wamebis da sxva araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobis Tavidan acilebis
Sesaxeb~ konvencia da misi damatebiTi oqmebi; `msjavrdebul pirTa gadacemis
Sesaxeb~ 13 XII 1957w evropuli konvencia, da misi damatebiTi oqmebi 17 mati
1973wlis da 15 oqtomberi 1975wlis;. evropuli SeTanxmeba samarTlebrivi evropuli SeTanxmeba samarTlebrivi
daxmarebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobaTa gadacemis Sesaxeb (1977w)daxmarebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobaTa gadacemis Sesaxeb (1977w) , konvencia samo-qalaqo, saojaxo da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze samarTlebrivi daxmarebis da
samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis Sesaxeb dsT–s wevr saxelmwifoTaTvis (1993w);
aseve mravalricxovani ormxrivi xelSekrulebebiT samarTlebrivi daxmarebis
Sesaxeb.
5. kanoniT `saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasa-
marTlosTan TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb~ _ saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlosTan TanamSromloba.
samarTlebrivi daxmarebis sferoSi sazRvargareTis
qveynebTan da saerTaSoriso struqturebTan TanamSromlo-
ba, rogorc wesi, gulisxmobs:
1. sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis,
mtkicebulebaTa da informaciis gadacemis
2. piris gadacemis Sesaxeb TxovnasTan dakavSirebul
urTierTobebs.
a) samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasa-a) samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasa-
marTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis, mowmeTa Cvenebebis, mt-marTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis, mowmeTa Cvenebebis, mt-
kicebulebaTa, masalebis an dokumentebis, informaciis kicebulebaTa, masalebis an dokumentebis, informaciis
miRebis mizniT.miRebis mizniT.
aRniSnuli tipis daxmarebis mizani, rogorc wesi, aris
mtkicebulebaTa mopoveba, saqmis masalebis gacnoba, Cxreka-
amoRebis Catareba, SemTxvevis adgilis daTvaliereba, in-
formaciis da mtkicebulebebis gadacema, Sesabamisi doku-
mentebis da masalebis originalebis an damowmebuli asleb-
is wardgena maT Soris sabanko, safinanso, safirmo da ko-
merciuli dokumentebis, Semosavlebis da sakuTrebis
dadgena mtkicebis miznebisaTvis, moqmedi samarTlis da
sasamarTlo praqtikis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba da
sxva. mxareebs ufleba aqvT erTmaneTs gauwion nebismieri
saxis samarTlebrivi daxmareba, romelic ar ikrZaleba Sem-
kiTxveli mxaris kanonmdeblobiT. imavdroulad, rogorc
wesi, mxareebs ara aqvT ufleba uari Tqvan samarTlebrivi
daxmarebis gawevaze sabanko saidumloebis safuZvliT.
samarTlebrivi daxmarebis es saxe iyo sam qvesaxed:
1. samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo
moqmedebebis Catarebis,
450 451
2. samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da infor-
maciis miRebis,
3. mowmed, eqspertad, dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo
mosarCeled / mopasuxed pirTa mowvevis,
4. piris gadacemis sakiTxebSi.
gavixiloT TiToeuli maTgani calk-calke.
samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moq-samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moq-
medebemedebebis CatarebaSi bis CatarebaSi
Tavis mxriv, Txovna sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moq-
medebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb iyofa or qvesaxed misi Catare-
bis adgilis mixedviT:
a) saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi organoebis Txovna
ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze sagamoZiebo da sasamarT-
lo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, da
b) ucxo saxelmwifos kompetenturi organoebis davale-
ba saqarTvelos teritoriaze sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo
moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb.
a. saqarTvelsaqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi organoebis Txovna os samarTaldamcavi organoebis Txovna
ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze sagamoZiebo da sasamarT-ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze sagamoZiebo da sasamarT-
lo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeblo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb.
saqarTveloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas,
calkeul SemTxvevebSi, SeiZleba aucilebeli gaxdes sazR-
vargareT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-
eqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli calkeuli sagamoZiebo Tu sasa-
marTlo moqmedebebis Catareba (magaliTad, rogoricaa mow-
meTa dakiTxva, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti, eqspertizis
Catareba da a.S).
saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis aucileblobisas
gamomZiebeli, prokurori an sasamarTlo maT Catarebas
avalebs im saxelmwifos Sesabamis organos, romelTanac
dadebulia xelSekruleba samarTlebrivi daxmarebis Ses-
axeb.
Suamdgomloba sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis Ses-
axeb igzavneba saqarTvelos generaluri prokuroris (an
mis mier saamisod uflebamosili prokuroris) meSveobiT,
xolo sasamarTlo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb- saqarT-
velos iusticiis ministris meSveobiT.
Suamdgomloba saproceso moqmedebis Catrebis Sesaxeb
dgeba werilobiT im saxelmwifos enaze, sadac is igza-
vneba (Tu saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT sxva ram ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli) da mowmdeba davalebis gamgzavnis xel-
moweriTa da dawesebulebis gerbiani beWdiT. Suamdgom-
loba unda Seicavdes:
a) Suamdgomlobis gamgzavni organos dasaxelebas da
misamarTs;
b) im organos dasaxelebasa da misamarTs, romelsac
egzavneba Suamdgomloba;
g) saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebs;
d) Txovnis arss _ Casatarebeli sagamoZiebo Tu sasa-
marTlo moqmedebis Sinaarss
e) monacemebs im pirTa vinaobis, moqalaqeobis, sacx-
ovrebeli da samuSao adgilebis, saqmianobisa da sisxlis
samarTlis saqmisadmi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, romelTa
mimarTac unda ganxorcieleds sagamoZiebo Tu sasamarTlo
moqmedeba
v) gamoTxovili dokumentebisa da nivTieri mtkiceb-
ulebebis nusxas
z) mosamarTlis xelmoweriTa da gerbiani beWdiT
damowmebuli brZaneba Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis
Catarebis Sesaxeb1
1 mxolod im SuamdgomlobebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic exeba iseTi sapro-
ceso moqmedebebis Catarebas, romlisTvisac saqarTvelos sssk-iT aucilebelia
mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) brZaneba (ganCineba)
452 453
sagangebo SemTxvevaSi Suamdgomloba SeiZleba gadaices
teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, Semdeg ki dadas-
turdes werilobiT. werilobiTi dadasturebis gagzavnis
vada regulirdeba ormxrivi xelSekrulebebiT.
amasTanave, ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze dadgenili
wesiT Catarebuli gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis
dros miRebul mtkicebulebas saqmeze Sekrebil sxva mt-
kicebulebaTa Tanabari iuridiuli Zala aqvs da isini (mt-
kicebulebebi da dokumentebi) ar saWiroeben damowmebas
raime formiT1.
b. ucxo saxelmwifos Suamdgomlobis Sesrulebaucxo saxelmwifos Suamdgomlobis Sesruleba
ucxo saxelmwifos Suamdgomloba sruldeba Tu is Se-
icavs saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiTa da saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebu-
li davalebis yvela rekvizits. Tu davalebaSi es monace-
mebi ar aris an arasrulyofiladaa miTiTebuli, gamoiTx-
oveba damatebiTi monacemebi.
Suamdgomloba sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb
sruldeba saqarTvelos generaluri prokuroris miTiTe-
biT, xolo sasamarTlo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb _
saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris davalebiT. Suamdgom-
loba, rogorc wesi, sruldeba saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-
marTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT2.
moTxovnis Sesrulebis procesSi mopovebuli dokumen-
tebi dgeba qarTul enaze da mopovebul masalebTan erTad
1 …`sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb~ evropuli
konvenciis muxli 172 saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi
SesaZlebelia ucxo saxelmwifos saproceso normebis gamoyeneba, Tu es
normebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas.
egzavneba SemkiTxvel mxares.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
Tanaxmad Suamdgomlobis Sesruleba ar xdebaSesruleba ar xdeba im SemTx-
vevaSi, Tu:
1. misma Sesrulebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos saqarT-
velos erovnul interesebs, saqarTvelos suverenitets,
saqarTvelos uSiSroebas, sazogadoebriv wesrigs;
2. davalebis Sesruleba SeuZlebelia;
3. igi ewinaaRmdegeba Semsrulebeli mxaris kanonmde-
blobis ZiriTad principebs;
4. Txovna dakavSirebulia danaSaulTan, romelic
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT warmoadgens politikur da-
naSauas, politikur danaSaulsTan dakavSirebul dana-
Sauls, an fiskalur danaSauls;
5. Txovna dakavSirebulia danaSaulTan, romlis Taobazec
saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna;
6. Txovna dakavSirebulia danaSaulTan, romlis Taoba-
zec kanonier ZalaSia Sesuli saqarTvelos sasamarTlos
mier gamotanili ganaCeni.
am SemTxvevaSi miRebuli dokumentebi saqarTvelos ius-
ticiis saministros an saqarTvelos generaluri prokuro-
ris meSveobiT ubrundeba momTxovn saxelmwifos davalebis
Sesrulebis xelSemSleli mizezebis miTiTebiT.
CxrekasTan an sakuTrebis konfiskaciasTan dakavSire-
bul sasamarTlo davalebebs saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi
organoebi aRasruleben im SemTxvevaSi, Tu danaSauli,
romelTanac dakavSirebulia sasamarTlo davaleba:
a) dasjadia, rogorc momTxovni, aseve saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT
b) saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT am tipis danaSaulisT-
vis gaTvaliswinebulia eqstradicia
454 455
g) sasamarTlo davalebis aRsruleba Seesabameba saqarT-
velos kanonmdeblobas.
b) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da in-b) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da in-
formaciis, dokumentebis da masalebis formaciis, dokumentebis da masalebis
gadacemis sakiTxebSigadacemis sakiTxebSi
Semsrulebeli mxare valdebulia SemkiTxvel mxares
samarTlebrivi daxmarebis farglebSi gadasces nebismieri gadasces nebismieri
nivTinivTi (maT Soris Canawerebi, dokumentebi, sakuTreba),
romelic dakavSirebulia danaSaulis CadenasTan an romel-
ic SeiZleba warmoadgendes mtkicebulebas sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis procesSi (magaliTad, danaSaulis Cadenis
iaraRi, danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTebi, sagnebi,
romlebzec aris danaSaulis kvali). nivTebis gadacema ar
aris dakavSirebuli pirovnebis gadacemasTan.
Semsrulebel mxares SeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros nivTe-
bis gadacema, Tu:
_ es nivTebi mas esaWiroeba sxva sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis warmoebisaTvis.
_ Suamdgomlobis Sesruleba xels SeuSlis mimdinare
gamoZiebis, sasamarTlo ganxilvis an sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi devnis ganxorcielebis interesebs.
am SemTxvevaSi Semsrulebeli mxare atarebs konsul-
taciebs SemkiTxvel mxaresTan im mizniT, rom gairkves
ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli SemkiTxveli mxaris mier
moTxovil vadaSi da pirobebSi am Suamdgomlobis Ses-
ruleba.
SemkiTxveli mxarisaTvis gadacemuli sakuTrebis, Canaw-
erebisa da dokumentebis originalebi Semsrulebel mxares
ubrundeba SeZlebisdagvarad mokle vadaSi, Tu igi ar acx-
adebs maTze uars.
gadacemul sagnebze mesame pirTa uflebebi ZalaSi rCe-
ba da saqmis warmoebis damTavrebis Semdeg ubrundeba Sem-
srulebel mxares Sesabamisi pirebisaTvis gadasacemad.
calkeul SemTxvevaSi es sagnebi mflobels SeiZleba
daubrundes saqmis warmoebis damTavrebamdec, Tu amiT ziani
ar adgeba saqmis warmoebas.
sasamarTlo davalebis aRsrulebisaTvis gadacemuli
nivTebi ar eqvemdebareba baJiTa da gadasaxadebiT
dabegvras.
Tu ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqem, romelmac saqarT-
velos teritoriaze Caidina danaSauli datova saqarT-
velos teritoria, aRZruli da gamoZiebuli saqmis yvela
masala unda gadasces – – saqarTvelos generalur proku-
rors, romelic ugzavnis ucxo saxelmwifos Sesabamis
dawesebulebas sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis gasagrZele-
blad, an mimarTavs TxovniT saqarTvelosaTvis braldebu-
lis gadmocemis Sesaxeb.
ucxo saxelmwifos moTxovnas gamosaZieblad gadascen
masalebi saqarTvelos moqalaqis mimarT, romelmac dana-
Sauli Caidina am saxelmwifos teritoriaze da saqarT-
veloSi dabrunda, ganixilavs saqarTvelos generaluri
prokuratura. amasTan, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis Sesa-
bamisad SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes erT-erTi Semdegi gadaw-
yvetileba:
1. gamoZiebis damTavrebamde masalebis gadacema;
2. saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamoZiebisa da sasamarT-
lo ganxilvis Catareba;
3. saqarTvelos moqalaqis gadacema, im ucxo saxelmwi-
fos teritoriaze gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvisaT-
vis, sadac moxda danaSauli.
g) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mowmed, eqspertad, g) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mowmed, eqspertad,
dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo mosarCeled/mo pasuxed dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo mosarCeled/mo pasuxed
456 457
pirTa mowvevis sakiTxebSipirTa mowvevis sakiTxebSi
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi
iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmed,
dazaralebulad, eqspertad samoqalaqo mosarCeled an
samoqalaqo mopasuxed, xolo braldebulis Suamdgomlo-
biT-aseve damcvelad an kanonier warmomadgenlad monawile-
obisaTvis ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqis mowvevas am uka-
nasknelis TanxmobiT. aRniSnuli pirebis (SeTanxmebiT
mowveuli advokatis garda) saqarTveloSi Camosvlisa da
yofnis xarjebi anazRaurdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan.
pirebis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis uaryofisas
maTi gamoZaxebis xarjebi ekisreba im mxares, romelmac
Seitana Suamdgomloba.
Txovna aRniSnul pirTa gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba
gaegzavnos gamosaZaxebel pirsac.
calkeul SemTxvevebSi, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
gamoZiebis an marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis miznebi-
saTvis aucilebelia sxva saxelmwifos teritoriaze
dakavebuli (dapatimrebuli) piris mowmis saxiT dakiTxva
an dapirispireba uSualod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mwar-
moebeli organoebis mier saqmis warmoebis adgilze (magal-
iTad: saqmis sirTulis gamo ar aris mizanSewonili aRniS-
nuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catrebis Sesaxeb Suamdgom-
lobis gagzavna, ver xerxdeba videokonferenciis organi-
zeba an marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis miznebisTvis am
piris Cvenebis mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare aucilebelia
mis mier micemuli Cvenebis sarwmunoobis maRali xarisxis
uzrunvelyoda da sxva) am piris droebiTi gadacemadroebiTi gadacema momTx-
ovni saxelmwifosaTvis daiSveba, Tu:
1. igi dabrunebuli iqneba gadmomcemi saxelmwifos mier
miTiTebul vadaSi, da
2. mis mimarT saTanado zomiT iqneba gamoyenebuli imu-
nitetebi sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnisgan
gadacemaze uari SeiZlebagadacemaze uari SeiZleba iTqvas, Tu:
1. dakavebuli piri misi gadacemis winaaRmdegia
2. am piris yofna aucilebelia sisxlis samarTlebrivi
devnis miznebisaTvis
3. gadacemam SeiZleba gaaxangrZlivos misi dakavebis (pa-
timrobis) vada
4. sxva mniSvnelovani safuZvlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
Tu gamoZaxebulia ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqe, dauS-
vebelia misi iZuleba, moyvana, dakaveba, dapatimreba, samedi-
cino dawesebulebaSi moTavseba, Cxreka, mis mimarT iZulebi-
Ti xasiaTis sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, gafrTxileba
Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmisa da cru Cvenebis micemisaT-
vis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo
moqmedebebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia moqalaqis iZule-
basTan da misi konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisufle-
bebis SezRudvasTan tardeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
isini sanqcionirebulia ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos
an sxva kompetenturi organos mier.
sasamarTlo uwyebis safuZvelze sasamarTlos winaSe
gamocxadebuli piri, mowme an eqsperti sargeblobs imu-imu-
nitetiTnitetiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisagan da pasuxismge-
blobisagan im qmedebebisaTvis da im ganaCenebis aRsruleb-
isgan, romlebsac adgili hqonda Semsrulebeli saxelmwi-
fos teritoriaze am piris saqarTveloSi Camosvlamde.
imuniteti wydeba, Tu aRniSnuli piri:
1. ar datovebs saqarTvelos teritorias 15 dRis gan-
mavlobaSi im dRidan, roca misi yofna saqarTvelos teri-
toriaze aRar esaWiroeba sasamarTlo organoebs, an
2. brundeba saqarTveloSi mogvianebiT.
458 459
piris gadacemapiris gadacema
gadacemis institutebTan mimarTebaSi msoflioSi Camoy-
alibebulia orgvari midgoma:
1. evropuli midgoma _ gavrcelebulia romanul-german-
uli samarTlis qveynebSi kontinentur evropasa da laTi-
noamerikul qveynebSi, yofil koloniebSi (britanuli
koloniebis garda)
2. anglo-amerikuli midgoma _ damaxasiaTebelia ̀ saer-
To samarTlis~ qveynebisaTvis.
evropuli midgomaevropuli midgoma emyareba pirTa gadacemis mareguli-
rebeli principebis: ormagi kriminalizaciis, special-
izaciis da sakuTari moqalaqeebis gadacemis akrZalvis
xelSeuxeblobas, uzrunvelyofs kanonierebis da gadasa-
cemi piris uflebaTa xelSeuxeblobas, Tumca aRniSnulis
paralelurad calkeul SemTxvevebSi tovebs damnaSavis
mier sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavis daR-
wevis SesaZleblobas.
anglo-anglo-amerikuli midgomisamerikuli midgomis amocanaa sasjelis gardu-
valobis uzrunvelyofa Tundac, calkeul SemTxvevebSi,
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis da SeTanxmebebis, erovnu-
li kanonebis debulebaTa `liberaluri ganmartebis~ gziT.
Sesabamisad aq ar aris aRiarebuli z/a principebis xel-
Seuxebloba. inglisur-amerikuli midgoma amcirebs zogadi
principebis mniSvnelobas da sasamarTlos uflebas aZlevs
damnaSavis dasjis miznis miRwevisaTvis yoveli konkretu-
li saqme gadawyvitos konkretuli garemoebebis gaTval-
iswinebiT.
kontinenturi samarTlis qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT
`saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi~ gadacema dasaSvebad iTvle-
ba:
1. mxolod Sesabamisi ormxrivi xelSekrulebis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi;
2. garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas dasaSvebia sakuTari
moqalaqeebis gadacemac-sasamarTloebi am qveynebSi
uaryofen sakuTari moqalaqeebis gadacemis amkrZalavi
saerTaSoriso sam. normebis arsebobas da aq dadebuli
xelSekrulebebis umravlesoba iTvaliswinebs garkveuli
pirobebis arsebobisas sakuTari moqalaqeebis gadacemis
SesaZleblobas da es sakiTxi wydeba xelSemkvreli
mxareebis mier sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr yovel konk-
retul saqmesTan mimarTebaSi.
3. gadacemis Sesaxeb sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi monawileobs
sasamarTlo, magram gadamwyveti sityva ekuTvnis aR-
masrulebel xelisuflebas, romelsac gadacemaze
sasamarTlos nebarTvis miuxedavad SeuZlia uari Tqvas
gadacemaze.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
44.46 muxli saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi TanamSromlo-
bis miznebisTvis ansxvavebs pirTa gadacemasTan dakavSire-
biul or instituts:
1. piris gadacema 1. piris gadacema _ saxelmwifos mier piris gadacema saer-
TaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlosaTvis
2. piris eqstradicia 2. piris eqstradicia _ erTi saxelmwifos mier meore
saxelmwifosaTvis piris gadacema saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebis an erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabam-
isad.
orive SemTxvevaSi piris gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli
Suamdgomlobebis mizania:
a) piris mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis ganxor-
cielebis uzrunvelyofa,
b) msjavrdebulTa gadacemisas-sasjelis aRsrulebis an
msjavrdebulis im saxelmwifoSi sasjelis mosaxdelad ga-
460 461
dacema romlis moqalaqecaa igi, an
g) sisxlis samarTlis procesSi piris mowmis/dazarale-
bulis saxiT monawileobis uzrunvelyofa.
orive SemTxvevaSi piris gadacemis saerTaSoriso-sa-
marTlebrivi procedura moicavs Semdeg etapebsetapebs:
1. gadacemis Sesaxeb moTxovnisaTvis aucilebeli dokumen-
tebis momzadeba.
2. generaluri prokuraturis1/ saqarTvelos iusticiis
saministros mier gadacemis Sesaxeb moTxovnis ganx-
ilva.
3. piris gadacemisaTvis saWiro organizaciul-samarT-
lebrivi RonisZiebebis gatareba.
4. piris fizikuri gadacema.
d) eqstradiciad) eqstradicia
istoriulad eqstradiciis instituti samarTlis erT-
erTi uZvelesi institutia. jer kidev Cvens welTaRricx-
vamde 1296 wels egviptel faraon ramzes II da hettebis
princ hatuSil III Soris dadebuli SeTanxmeba iTval-
iswinebs politikuri danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili
didgvarovnebis da egviptidan hettebis qveyanaSi gaqceuli
pirebis dabrunebas `ramzesis qveyanaSi maTi dakavebis nacv-
lad~. imavdroulad es SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebda gadasa-
cemi pirebis usafrTxoebis garantiebsac. kerZod, masSi
vkiTxulobT ~dae, es pirebi ar iqnen dasjilni sikvdiliT,
ar daazianon maTi Tvalebi, piri da fexebi~.
unda aRiniSnos rom Tanamedrove samyaroSi organizeb-
uli danaSauli rogorc wesi transsasazRvro xasiaTis
matarebelia da dRis wesrigSi ayenebs saxelmwifoTa Zal-
1 msjavrdebul pirTa gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs saqarT-
velos iusticiis saministro, xolo braldebul pirebTan mimarTebaSi- saqarT-
velos generaluri prokuratura
isxmevis gaerTianebas da TanamSromlobas mis winaaRmdeg
sabrZolvelad. amasTan, aucilebelia saTanado balansis
dacva saxelmwifo interesebs Soris gadacemis sakiTxis
gadawyvetas da gadasacemi piris uflebebis dacvas Soris.
piris eqstradiciis winapirobebi:piris eqstradiciis winapirobebi:
1. ormagi danaSaulis principi (doube criminality) piris gadacema daiSveba mxolod im qmedebisavis, romelic kval-
ificirebulia rogorc danaSauli rogorc momTxovn, aseve
mimReb saxelmwifoSi1
2. danaSauli, risTvisac iTxoven piris gadacemas unda
miekuTvnebodes saeqstradicio danaSauls;
3. gansazRvruli unda iyos danaSauli, romlisTvisac
piri unda gasamarTldes misi gadacemis Semdeg
4. gadasacemi piris sisxlissamarTlis pasuxismgeblo-
bis SezRudva (speciality principle)2 –dauSvebelia gadacemuli
piris mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis ganxorciele-
ba an misi Tavisuflebis SezRudva mis mier gadacemamde
Cadenili danaSaulis gamo, garda im danaSaulisa, romlis
CadenisTvisac igi iqna gadacemuli.
5. Prima facie case requirement (saqmis winaswari dasabuTe-bis) moTxovna3 - momTxovni saxelmwifo valdebulia winas-
war daamtkicos saqme braldebulis winaaRmdeg moTxovnis
mimRebi saxelmwifos winaSe.
6. akrZalulia piris gadacema politikuri danaSau-
1 aq mTavaria rom orive qveynis kanonmdeblobiT aRniSnuli qmedebisaTvis
gaTvaliswinebuli iyos sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba. aucilebeli ar
aris rom danaSaulis elementebi da sasjelis saxe an zoma iyos erTnairi
2 saxelmwifoTa praqtikaSi aRniSnuli principasdmi arsebobs orgvari
midgoma: 1. konkretuli-Sesabamis saxelmwifoTa kanondeblobebiT aRniSnuli
danaSaulis Semadgenlobis met-naklebad sruli Tanxvedra/msgavseba; 2. ab-
straqtuli _ gamoiyeneba kanonTa `liberaluri ganmartebis~ principi.
3 bolo dros misi gamoyeneba mcirdeba
462 463
lisTvis an im danaSaulisTvis, romelic dakavSirebulia
politikur danaSaulTan1
7. non bis in idem – dauSvebelia piris eqstradireba ara
mxolod im danaSaulisaTvis, romlisTvisac is msjavrde-
buli iyo, aramed maSinac, Tu mas Seexo amnistiis an Sewy-
alebis aqti.
8. Tu momTxovni saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT gaT-
valiswinebulia sikvdiliT dasja, xolo Semsrulebeli
saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT sikvdiliT dasja akrZalu-
lia- piris eqstradicia ganxorcieledba mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu momTxovni saxelmwifo waradgens garan-
tias imis Sesaxeb, rom eqstradiciis SemTxvevaSi gadace-
muli piris mimarT adgili ar eqneba sikvdiliT dasjis
gamoyenebas.
9. dauSvebelia eqstradicia Tu Semsrulebel saxelm-
wifos gaaCnia sakmarisi safuZveli varaudisaTvis, rom
eqstradiciis mizania piris devna da dasja misi rasis,
religiis, erovnebis an politikuri mosazrebebis gamo an
am piris mdgomareobisaTvis zianis miyeneba romelime aRniS-
nuli mizezis gamo2.
eqstradiciis instituti aregulirebs:
1. saqarTvelos Txovnas pirTa gadmocemis Sesaxeb
2. ucxo saxelmwifos Txovnas piris eqstradiciis Ses-
axeb (saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis, saqarTveloSi mudmivad
1 saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ar aris gansazRvruli politikuri dana-
Saulis cneba. danaSaulis politikuri xasiaTis gansazRvrisas, rogorc wesi,
unda dadgindes: politikuri motivacia (subieqturi), xelyofili uflebebi,
politikuri xasiaTis movlenebTan kavSiri (obieqturi); da sxva. evropuli
konvencia da misi damatebiTi oqmi politikur danaSaulad ar Tvlis kacobrio-
bis winaaRmdeg Cadenil danaSauls, saxelmwifos meTauris an misi ojaxis wevre-
bis sicocxlis xelyofas an xelyofis mcdelobas sxva danaSaulTan erTad.
2 evropuli konvencia eqstradiciis Sesaxeb m. 3.2
mcxovrebis moqalaqeobis ar mqone pirTa, ucxoelTa an
sakuTari moqalaqeebis gadacemis Sesaxeb)
moTxovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb:moTxovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb:
orive SemTxvevaSi moTxovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb unda
Seesabamebodes saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT dadgenil
rekvizitebs da momdinareobdes kompetenturi organodan.
igi SeiZleba gadaices teqnikuri saSualebebiT, Semdeg ki
dadasturdes werilobiT. moTxovna unda Seicavdes:
1. braldebulis an msjavrdebulis vinaobas;
2. Cadenili danaSaulis faqtobriv garemoebaTa Si-
naarss, im muxlis sanqciis miTiTebiT, romelic iTval-
iswinebs pasuxismgeblobas aseTi danaSaulisaTvis;
3. miTiTebas piris dakavebis an dapatimrebis, misi
dakiTxvis an Cxrekis saWiroebis Sesaxeb;
4. miTiTebas piris gadacemis adgilis, drois, wesisa
da im organos Sesaxeb, romelsac igi gadaecema.
moTxovnas unda daerTos:
_ braldebulad pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb dadge-
nilebis asli,
_ sabraldebo daskvna
_ dadgenileba Zebnis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb
_ mosamarTlis brZaneba (dadegnileba) aRkveTi Ronis-
Ziebis Sefardebis Taobaze
_ gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis asli _ msjavrdebulis gadmoce-
mis SemTxvevaSi.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu momTxovni (SemkiTxveli) mxaris
mier mowodebuli informacia arasakmarisi aRmoCndeba Sem-
srulebeli mxarisaTvis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, am uka-
nasknels SeuZlia moiTxovos aucilebeli damatebiTi in-
formacia, romelic mas unda waredginos 1 Tvis vadaSi.
aucileblobisas es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes kidev mx-
464 465
olod erTi TviT.
1. saqarTvelos Txovna piris misTvis gadmocemis Ses-. saqarTvelos Txovna piris misTvis gadmocemis Ses-
axeb:axeb:
saqarTvelos ufleba aqvs moiTxovos piris (sakuTari
moqalaqeebis) eqstradicia, Tu:
1. saqarTvelos moqalaqem ucxo saxelmwifos terito-
riaze Caidina saqarTvelos sskodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli
qmedeba;
2. pirma saqarTvelos teritoriaze Caidina saqarT-
velos ss kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba da imyofeba
sazRvargareT.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, Tu ucxo saxelmwifos teritori-Tu ucxo saxelmwifos teritori-
aze aze myofma saqarTvelos moqalaqem Caidina saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-
li, magram am qmedebisTvis igi ar iyo msjavrdebuli ucxo
saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier, saqarTvelos sagamoZiebo
organos ufleba aqvs mis winaaRmdeg ganaxorcielos sisx-
lis samarTlebrivi devna da gamoitanos ganaCeni, gamoiTx-
ovos masalebi da mtkicebulebebi im saxelmwifodan, sadac
Cadenilia danaSauli da aRZrulia moTxovna devnili piris
saqarTvelos xelisuflebisaTvis eqstradiciis Sesaxeb.
meore SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos generaluri prokura-
tura ucxo saxelmwifos Sesabamis dawesebulebas mimar-
Tavs moTxovniT im piris gadmocemis Sesaxeb, romelmac
danaSauli Caidina saqarTvelos teritoriazedanaSauli Caidina saqarTvelos teritoriaze im SemTx-
vevaSi, Tu:
1. piris mimarT gamotanilia dadgenileba braldebu-
lad sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb
iseTi danaSaulisaTvis, romelic saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-
marTlis kanonmdeblobiT dasjadia Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT
1 welze meti vadiT; an
2. kanonier ZalaSia Sesuli mis mimarT gamotanili
gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni aseTi danaSaulisaTvis.
II. ucxo saxelmwifos Txovna eqstradiciis SesaxebII. ucxo saxelmwifos Txovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb
samarTlebrivi daxmarebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, ucxo saxelmwifos SeuZlia
moiTxovos saqarTvelos teritoriaze myofi im piris
eqstradicia:
a) romlis mimarTac momTxovn saxelmwifoSi mimdinareobs
sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna, an
b) romelsac msjavri dasdo Tavisi qveynis sasamarTlom.
eqstradiciis Sesaxeb ucxo saxelmwifos Txovna piro-
biTad iyofa or qvesaxed:
1. Txovna ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis an moqalaqeobis
ar mqone pirTa eqstradiciis, da.
2. Txovna saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis eqstradiciis Ses-
axeb.
Tu saqarTvelos generaluri prokurori moTxovnas
dasabuTebulad da kanonierad miiCnevs, igi iZleva miTiTe-
bas misi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki _
xelSewyobas sTxovs saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saminis-
tros.
piris eqstradiciis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ramdenime
saxelmwifosagan miRebis SemTxvevaSi sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb,
Tu romeli maTgani unda dakmayofildes, wyvets saqarT-
velos generaluri prokurori saqarTvelos sagareo saqme-
Ta ministrsa da saqarTvelos iusticiis ministrTan kon-
sultaciebis Semdeg.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT
ar daiSveba eqstradicia ar daiSveba eqstradicia Tu:
1) pirs micemuli aqvs politikuri TavSesafari saqarT-
veloSi an ltolvilis statusi saqarTveloSi;
466 467
2) qmedeba, romelic iyo eqstradiciis Sesaxeb moTxovnis
safuZveli, saqarTveloSi danaSaulad ar iTvleba; 3) Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis dawesebulia sikvdiliT
dasja momTxovn saxelmwifoSi;
4) piris mimarT ukve gamotanilia imave danaSaulTan dakav-
SirebiT dadgenileba (ganCineba) sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb;
5) gasulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsiT dadgenili sisxlisamarTlebrivi devnis xan-
dazmulobis vada1;
6) saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT akrZalulia eqstradi-
cia2;
Semsrulebel mxares ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas eqstradi-
ciaze, Tu misi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT danaSauli mTli-
anad an nawilobriv mis teritoriaze Cadenilad iTvleba3
eqstradiciis Sesaxeb Txovnis miRebisTanave, saqarT-
velos generaluri prokurori adgens moTxovnis dasabuTe-
bulobasa da kanonierebas da iRebs erT-erT Semdeg gadaw-
yvetilebas:
1. uars acxadebs piris eqstradiciaze _ eqstradiciaze
uaris an nawilobrivi uaris SemTxvevaSi SemkiTxvel
mxares unda ecnobos uaris Tqmis mizezebi;
1 unda aRiniSnos rom mTeli rigi danaSaulebisaTvis erovnuli da saer-
TaSoriso kanonmdeblobiT ar gamoiyeneba xandazmulobis vadebi. amasTan kon-
venciis Tanaxmad xandazmulobis vadis gasvlis motiviT eqstradicia akrZa-
lulia Tu gasulia xandazmulobis vada Semsrulebeli anan momTxovni mxaris
kanonmdeblobiT.
2 sxva safuZvels miekuTvneba saq. sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT
gaTvaliswinebuli iseTi SemTxvevebi, rogoricaa kerZo braldebis saqmeebze
dazaralebulTan Serigebis gamo sisxlissamwarmoebis Sewyveta, piris pirobiT
vadaze adre gaTavisufleba, qmediTi monanieba da a.S.
3 eqstradiciis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia m. 7
2. Tanxmobas acxadebs eqstradiciaze.
eqstradiciaze Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi SemkiTxvel mx-
ares unda ecnobos eqstradiciis droeqstradiciis dro da adgili. piris
eqstradicia unda ganxorcieldes Semsrulebeli mxaris
mier eqstradiciis adgilisa da drois Sesaxeb Setyobine-
bis miRebidan 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi. SemkiTxveli mxaris
motivirebuli moTxovnisas, es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes
kidev 15 dRiT. Tu damatebiTi vadis gasvlis Semdeg kvlav
ar ganxorcielda piris eqstradicia, piri unda gaTavisu-
fldes aRniSnuli vadis gasvlidan 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi.
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis aRZvris an eqstradiciis
Sesaxeb Txovnis gagzavnis momentSi, SemkiTxveli mxaris
teritoriaze patimrobaSi myofi piri gadaiyvaneba Sem-
srulebeli mxaris teritoriaze. mis etapirebaze sanqcias
iZleva saqmis gamoZiebaze zedamxedvelobis ganmaxorciele-
beli Tanamdebobis piri.
eqstradiciaze Tanxmobis micemis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba
saWiro gaxdes eqstradiciis gadavadeba an piris garkveu-
li pirobiT eqstradireba.
eqstradiciis gadavadebaeqstradiciis gadavadeba dasaSvebia, Tu:
1. gadasacemi piri saqarTvelos teritoriaze braldebulis
saxiT micemulia sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi
saqarTvelos teritoriaze Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis-
Sesabamisad ganaCenis gamotanamde, an
2. sasjels ixdis saqarTvelos teritoriaze Cadenili
sxva danaSaulisaTvis- sasjelis moxdamde, an sxva
kanonieri safuZvliT sasjelisagan mis gaTavisufle-
bamde1.
1 aq sxva kanonier safuZvelSi igulisxmeba magaliTad saq. sssk-is 28-e
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebi
468 469
gamonaklisia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac gadavadebam
SeiZleba gamoiwvios sisxlisamarTlebrivi devnis xan-
dazmulobis vadis gasvla an gaarTulos danaSaulis
gamoZieba. am SemTxvevaSi dasabuTebuli Suamdgomlobis sa-
fuZvelze SesaZlebelia:
1. piris garkveuli vadiT eqstradicia 1. piris garkveuli vadiT eqstradicia _ _ piris eqstradi-
cia im pirobiT, rom eqstradirebuli piri im procesua-
luri moqmedebis Catarebis Semdeg, romlisTvisac igi iyo
eqstradirebuli, dauyonebliv (magram misi eqstradiciidan
ara ugvianes sami Tvisa) iqneba dabrunebuli.
2. 2. piris pirobiT eqstradicia _piris pirobiT eqstradicia _ calkeul SemTxvevbSi
SesaZlebelia, ucxo saxelmwifos TxovniT, saqarTveloSi
msjavrdebuli piris eqstradicia momTxovn saxelmwifoSi
eqstradirebuli piris mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi
devnis ganxorcielebis miznebisTvis. kerZod, saqarTvelos
uzenaes sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs ucxo saxelmwifos Se-
sabamis organoTa TxovniT gamoitanos dadgenileba am
saxelmwifos moqalaqis eqstradiciis Sesaxeb momTxovn
saxelmwifoSi mis mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis
ganxorcielebis mizniT. Tu am pirs Tavisi qveynis sasa-
marTlo Seufardebs ufro mkacr an saqarTveloSi mouxdeli
sasjelis Tanabar sasjels, igi sasjels moixdis Tavis
qveyanaSi da saqarTveloSi dabrunebas ar eqvemdebareba.
eqstradirebuli piris ganmeorebiTi eqstradiciaganmeorebiTi eqstradicia dasaS-
vebia, SemkiTxveli mxaris TxovniT, Tu:
_ igi Tavs aridebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas ,an
_ sasjelis moxdas, da
_ dabrunda Semsrulebeli mxaris teritoriaze.
am SemTxvevaSi eqstradiciisaTvis aucilebeli dokumen-
tebis xelmeored wardgena ar aris saWiro.
eqstradiciis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos generaluri proku-
roris dadgenileba gadasacemma pirma SeiZleba1 gaasaCivros
dadgenilebis miRebidan 15 dRis vadaSi Sesabamis raionul
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, romelis saCivars ganixilavs 15
dRis vadaSi. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo sakasacio saCivris
Setanis gziT saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa palataSi, romelic saCivars ganixilavs
10 dRis vadaSi.
saproceso iZulebis RonisZiebebi:saproceso iZulebis RonisZiebebi: calkeul SemTxvevaSi
saqmis garemoebebis da gadasacemi piris vinaobis gaTval-
iswinebiT SeiZleba adgili hqondes Txovnas gadasacemi
piris mimarT saeqstradico patimrobis an saproceso
iZulebis sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Taobaze. am SemTx-
vevaSi, gadasacemi piris dakaveba, dapatimreba, samedicino
dawesebulebaSi eqspertizisaTvis moTavseba mis mimarT
Cxrekis, amoRebis, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso iZulebis
sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, mis qonebaze yadaRis dadeba
daiSveba, Tu eqstradiciis moTxovnas Tan erTvis saTana-
dod damowmebuli Sesabamisi uflebamosili saxelmwifo
organos mier gamocemuli orderi (brZaneba, dadgenileba).
Tu samarTlebrivi daxmarebis farglebSi Semosulia
ucxo saxelmwifos Txovna Zebnili piris dakavebis Tao-
baze momTxovni saxelmwifosaTvis misi Semdgomi eqstradici-
is mizniT, saqarTvelo dauyonebliv iRebs zomebs gadasa-
cemi piris patimrobaSi ayvanisaTvis.
aRniSnuli piris saqarTvelos teritoriaze dakavebi-
sTanave dauyovnebliv ecnobeba momTxovni mxaris kompeten-
1 gadasacemi piri sargeblobs saqarTvelos saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
braldebulisaTvis miniWebuli yvela uflebiT.
470 471
tur organos. imavdroulad, Sesabamisi raionis proku-
rori dakavebidan 48 saaTSi SuamdgomlobiT mimarTavs
dakavebis adgilis mixedviT Sesabamis raionul (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos piris mimarT saeqstradicio patimrobis Se-
fardebis moTxovniT. saqarTvelos teritoriaze dakavebu-
li ucxo saxelmwifoSi eqstradicias daqvemdebarebuli
piris saeqstradicio patimrobis vada ganisazRvreba 3
TviT. saeqstradicio patimrobis vadas prokuroris moti-
virebuli Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze Sesabamisi raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mosamarTle 2 Tvemde, xolo
saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegia – kidev 2
Tvemde agrZelebs1. patimrobaSi ayvanili piri unda gaTavisufldes, Tu
Txovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb misi patimrobaSi ayvanis Ses-
axeb Setyobinebis dRidan 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar iqna
miRebuli. SemkiTxveli mxaris TxovniT es vada SeiZleba 15
dRiT gagrZeldes.
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saeqstradicio patimro-bis Sefardebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes pirisaTvis
gadawyvetilebis gadacemidan 15 dRis vadaSi saapelacio
sasamarTloSi, romelic saCivars ganixilavs 10 dRis
vadaSi. sakuTari moqalaqeebis eqstradicia:sakuTari moqalaqeebis eqstradicia:
rogorc wesi, dauSvebelia saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis,
agreTve saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis
armqone piris sisxlis-samarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi misace-
mad an sasjelis mosaxdelad eqstradireba sxva saxelmwi-
1 saeqstradicio patimrobis mimarT gamoiyeneba winaswari gamoZiebis sta-
diaze aRkveTis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis, aseve patimrobis
vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb mosamarTlis brZanebis (dadgenilebis) gasaCivrebis
wesi 243-e muxli
foSi, Tu saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT
sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.1
saqarTvelo ganixilavs sakuTari moqalaqeebis
eqstradiciis sakiTxs nacvalgebis principis gaTval-
iswinebiT da uars acxadebs maT eqstradiciaze sazogadoe-
brivi moralis, saxelmwifo interesebisa da usafrTxoebis
safuZvelze.
unda aRiniSnos, rom uaris Tqma eqstradiciaze ar niS-
navs damnaSavis dausjelobas. swored amitom, Tu dadginda,
rom eqstradiciis mizniT dakavebuli piri saqarTvelos
moqalaqea igi dauyovnebliv unda ganTavisufldes patim-
robidan, da Tu arsebobs sakmarisi safuZveli imisaTvis,
rom pirma ucxo saxelmwifoSi Caidina saqarTvelos sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi kanonmdeblobiT dasjadi qmedeba, saqarT-
velos generaluri prokuratura sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis ganxorcielebis mizniT Sesabamisi qveynidan gam-
oiTxovs piris mimarT aRZrul sisxlis samarTlis
saqmes.
msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradicia msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradicia _ calkeul SemTx-
vevaSi SeiZleba adgili hqondes momTxovn saxelmwifoSi2
dauswreblad msjavrdebiuli da gasamarTlebuli piris
eqstradiciis moTxovnas. am SemTxvevaSi Semsrulebel mx-
ares ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas eqstradiciaze im SemTx-
vevaSi, Tu misi azriT, samarTalwarmoeba erovnul sasa-
marTloSi ar akmayofilebda sisxlis samarTlis danaSau-
lis CadenaSi braldebuli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofil
1 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisi 6.1 muxli
2 ix.sssk 254.1 amasTan, dauswreblad ganaCenis gamotanisaTvis saWiroa
443-e muxlebiT gaTvalisswinebuli debulebebis arseboba. 443.2 muxlis Tanax-
mad `gansasjelis dauswreblad saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba mxolod maSin, roca:
a) gansasjeli saqarTvelos farglebs gareTaa da Tavs aridebs sasamarTloSi
gamocxadebas~.
472 473
dacvis minimalur standartebs. amasTan, eqstradicia ganx-
orcieldeba, Tu Txovnis gamgzavni mxare warmoadgens sa-
Tanado garantiebs imisa, rom gadasacemi pirisaTvis uz-
runvelyofili iqneba xelaxali gasamarTlebis SesaZle-
bloba dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofis pirobiT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom piris eqstradicia ara mxolod ar
gamoricxavs, aramed piriqiT, gulisxmobs eqstradicias
daqvemdebarebuli pirisaTvis Sesabamisi procesualuri ga-
rantiebis uzrunvelyofis aucileblobas. am mxriv pirvelx-
arisxovani mniSvneloba eniWeba ara mxolod pasuxismge-
blobis da sasjelis garduvalobis princips, aramed sisx-
lis samarTlis procesSi adamianis uflebaTa damcavi
erovnuli da saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi normebis
ganuxrel dacvas. eqstradirebuli pirisaTvis ama Tu im
procesualuri uflebebis SezRudvam SeiZleba rig SemTx-
vevebSi gamoiwvios uaris Tqma eqstradiciaze1. saeqstradi-
cio procesSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis prioritetu-
lobam asaxva hpova gaeros sanimuSo dokumentebis SemuSave-
bis praqtikaSic.
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-5
muxli iTvaliswinebs im piris marTlzomieri dakavebis an
dapatimrebis movaleobas, romlis winaaRmdegac xor-
cieledaba RonisZiebebi misi deportaciis an eqstradiciis
mizniT’. aRniSnuli normiT gaTvaliswinebuli garantiebi
da saxelmwifoTa movaleobebi warmoiSveba piris
eqstradiciis mizniT dakavebis momentidan, imisdamoixeda-
vad mogvianebiT ganxorcieleda Tu ara aRniSnuli piris
1 Sanchez-Reisse v. Switzerland (1986) N107, 9 E.H.R.R.71 ix. aseve 1990wlis
14 dekembris gaeros sanimuSo/tipiuri SeTanxmeba eqstradiciis Sesaxeb (re-
zolucia 45/116), romlis Tanaxmad gadasacem pirs ar gaaCnda an ar eqneba
uzrunvelyofili samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me-14
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli minimaluri garantiebi.
eqstradicia. kerZod, evropuli konvenciis 5.1. muxli Sei-
cavs eqstradiciis mizniT dakavebuli/ dapatimrebuli
piris uflebebis damcav garantiebs misi eqstradiciis Ses-
axeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. Dakaveba an dapatimreba
unda iyos `marTlzomieri, rac niSnavs rom igi unda ganx-
orcieleds qveynis kanonmdeblobis da konvenciis debule-
baTa Sesabamisad. da ar unda iyos TviTneburi. Swored
amitom, mniSvnelovania, rom eqstradicia an deportacia
manmade gadaidos, vidre ar iqneba ganxluli patimrobis
maRrTlzomiereba, vinaidan Sedgma SesaZlebelia gavlena
moaxdinos TviT eqstradiciis marTlzomierebaze. Ufro
metic, me-5.4 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli garantiebis Tval-
sazrisiT eqstradicia yovelTvis unda gadaidos manmade,
sanam sasamarTlos ar eqneba SesaZlebloba ganixilos pa-
timrobis marTlzomiereba da Tu SesaZlebelia miiRos
gadawyvetileba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.
me-5.1. punqti marTalia ar adgens dapatimrebis vadas,
magram evropulma komisiam aRniSna, rom eqstradiciis
saqmeebi `saTanado gulmodginebiT~ unda iqnes ganxiluli.
saqmeSi `linasi Sveicariis winaaRmdeg~ komisiam aRniSna,
rom Tu: `samarTalwarmoeba saTanado gulmodginebiT ar
xorcieledab an Tu patimroba warmoadgens uflebamosileb-
is borotad gamoyenebis Sedegs igi ar iqneba gamarTlebu-
li me-5.1 punqtis `v~ qvepunqtiT. Amitom, mocemul farg-
lebSi evropul komisias eqneba safuZveli mxedvelobaSi
miiRos eqstradiciamde patimrobaSi yofnis xangrZlivoba~1
swored amitos, sssk detaluard aregulirebs aRniSnul
sakiTxs da adgens, rom
swored amitom, erovnuli da saerTaSoriso kanonmde-
1 Lynas v Switzerlan applic. #7317/76
474 475
bloba iTvaliswinebs piris iseT specialur procesualur
garantiebs, rogoricaa gadmomcemi saxelmwifos Tanxmobis
gareSe eqstradirebuli piris:
1. sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis an dasjis
akrZalva im danaSaulisaTvis, romelic ar yofila
eqstradiciis safuZveli
2. mesame saxelmwifoSi eqstradiciis akrZalva.
Semsrulebeli mxaris Tanxmoba ar aris saWiro, Tu
pirma sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis damTavrebis, sasjelis
moxdis an sxva kanonieri safuZvliT gaTavisuflebis Sem-
deg, 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi ar datova SemkiTxveli mxaris
teritoria an Tu igi nebayoflobiT kvlav dabrunda am
teritoriaze.
imavdroulad, saqarTveloSi eqstradirebuli da gad-
asacemi pirebi, maTi moqalaqeobisda miuxedavad sarge-
blobens saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT braldebulisaTvis
miniWebuli yvela uflebiT da TavisuflebiT, maT Soris
kanonis da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis, wamebis da
araadamianuri mopyrobisgan Tavisuflebis, samarTliani
sasamarTlos xelmisawvdomobis da a.S. uflebebiT.
magram unda aRiniSnos, rom evropuli konvenciis me-3
muxlis debulebisgan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis me-6.3 muxli1 ar krZalavs piris sxva
1 `ar SeiZleba sxva saxelmwifos gadaeces Semoxiznuli, danaSaulis Cam-
deni piri, romelsac devnian politikuri mrwamsisaTvis, agreTve is, vinc Caidina
qmedeba, romelic saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulad ar iTvleba, an Tu
Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis sikvdiliT dasjaa dawesebuli im saxelmwifoSi,
romelic gadacemas moiTxovs. aseT pirTa sisxlis-samarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis sakiTxi gadawydeba saerTaSoriso samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT.
imavdroulad 6.2 muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis Camdeni ucxo qveynis moqalaqe,
aseve moqalaqeobis ar mqone piri, romlebic saqarTvelos teritoriaze imyo-
febian, sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi misacemad an sasjelis mosaxdelad
sxva saxelmwifos SeiZleba gadaecnen mxolod saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs
sakmarisi safuZveli varaudisaTvis, rom es piri SeiZleba
daeqvemdebaros wamebas an araadamianur an damamcirebel
mopyrobas, an dasjas. Tumca saqarTvelos konstituciis
6.2 muxlidan gamomdinare aucilebelia adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxlis da sasamarTlo praqti-
kis gaTvaliswinebac.
msjavrdebulTa eqstradiciamsjavrdebulTa eqstradicia
msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradiciis instituti exeba mx-
olod im msjavrdebulebs, romelTa mimarTac sasamarTlos
mier gamotanili gamamtyuvnebeli ganaCeni kanonier ZalaSia
Sesuli da iTvaliswinebs vadian an uvado Tavisuflebis
aRkveTas. instituti aregulirebs sasamarTlos mier
msjavrdebul pirTa sasjelis darCenili nawilis
mosaxdelad im saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis sakiTxs, rom-
lis moqalaqeebic isini arian. Sesabamisad msjavrdebul
pirTa eqstradiciac pirobiTad or qvesaxed iyofa:
1. saqarTvelos sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebuli ucxo
qveynis moqalaqeTa eqstradicia;
2. ucxo saxelmwifoSi msjavrdebuli saqarTvelos mo-
qalaqeTa eqstradicia.
orive SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebulTa gadacemis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebas iRebs saqarTvelos iusticiis ministri1.
iusticiis saministrosve evaleba msjavrdebul pirTa
eqstradiciis (gadacemis/gadmoyvanis) organizeba da maTi
xelSekrulebebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.
1 gadawyvetilebis miRebamde iusticiis saministros sasjelaRsrulebis
departamenti winaswar aTanxmebs sakiTxs saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-
tros da generalur prokuraturasTan, romlebic valdebulni arian gadacema-
gadmoyvanis Taobaze TavianTi mosazrebebi saministros miawodon 15 dRis va-
daSi.
476 477
badragireba1.
msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradirebis (gadacemis/gadmoce-
mis) Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis misaRebad iusticiis saminis-
troSi warmodgenili unda iqnes Semdegi dokumentebi:
1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis damowmebuli asli;
2. dokumenti ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Sesaxeb;
3. saqmeze arsebuli zemdgomi sasamarTlo instanciebis
gadawyvetilebebis damowmebuli aslebi (aseTis arsebo-
bis SemTxvevaSi);
4. dokumenti msjavrdebulis mier sasjelis moxdili da
mouxdeli nawilis Sesaxeb;
5. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis muxlis teqsti, romlis
safuZvelzec piri iqna msjavrdebuli;
6. msjavrdebulis Tanxmoba gadacemaze2;
7. cnoba msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb;
8. mimRebi qveynis moqalaqeobis damadasturebeli doku-
menti (ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi moipoveba saqarTvelos
iusticiis saministros meSveobiT).
cnoba msjavrdebulis mier danaSaulebrivi qmedebiT mi-
yenebuli zaralis dafarvis Sesaxeb;
9. saqarTvelos generaluri prokuraturis da saqarT-
velos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Tanmxmoba msjavrdebu-
lis gadmoyvanaze
msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradirebis winapirobaa msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradirebis winapirobaa gan-
aCenis gamomtani da ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli saxelmwifoe-
bis SeTanxmeba eqstradirebaze,xolo msjavrdebulTa
eqstradiciis Sesaxeb saqmis warmoebis dawyebis safuZvelsaqmis warmoebis dawyebis safuZvels
1 saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros sasjelaRsrulebis depar-
taments (SemdegSi ,,departamenti’’).
2 xolo Tu asakis, fizikuri an gonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo mas ar Seu-
Zlia gamoxatos Tavisi neba – misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis Tanxmoba
warmoadgens:
1. im qveynis kompetenturi organos Suamdgomloba, romlis
moqalaqecaa msjavrdebuli1; an
2. msjavrdebulis kanonieri warmomadgenlis an naTesavis
gancxadeba
ganaCenis gamomtani saxelmwifo ganaCenis kanonier
ZalaSi Sesvlidan umokles vadaSi ganaCenis aRmsrulebel
saxelmwifos acnobebs msjavrdebulis survils da mi-
awvdis informacias, romelSic aRiniSneba:
a) msjavrdebulis vinaoba, dabadebis TariRi da adgili;
b) misi misamarTi, Tu aseTi arsebobs ganaCenis aRmsruleb-
el saxelmwifoSi;
g) garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba ganaCeni;
d)sasjelis arsi, xangZlivoba da misi mimdinareobis daw-
yebis TariRi.
Tu ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli mxare CaTvlis, rom mis
xelT arsebuli cnobebi arasakmarisia, mas SeuZlia gan-
aCenis gamomtan saxelmwifos mosTxovos mis mier gansaz-
Rvrul vadaSi damatebiTi masalebis warmodgena.
akrZaluliaakrZalulia msjavrdebulTa eqstradireba msjavrdebulTa eqstradireba (gadacema/
gadmoyvana) Tu:
1. ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT
qmedeba, romlisTvisac piri msjavrdebulia, ar war-
moadgens sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls, an ar iTval-
iswinebs sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas;
2. ar aris msjavrdebulis2 Tanxmoba;
3. moTxovnis miRebis momentisaTvis msjavrdebulis mier
mosaxdeli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada 6 Tveze nak-
1 Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos moqalaqis saqarTveloSi eqstradirebis SemTx-
vevaSi- saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro
2 Sesabamisad- misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis
478 479
lebia1;
4. ar arsebobs eqstradiciis (gadacemis/gadmoyvanis) Tao-
baze mxareTa SeTanxmeba;
5. dainteresebuli pirebi uars acxadeben badragirebis
xarjebis dafarvaze.
msjavrdebulTa eqstradirebaze msjavrdebulTa eqstradirebaze uaris Tqmauaris Tqma daiSvebadaiSveba, Tu:
1. eqstradireba ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv
wesrigs, usafrTxoebis an uSiSroebis interesebs;
2. gadatvirTulia saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis daweseb-
uleba (rodesac saubaria saqarTveloSi eqstradirebaze);
3. msjavrdebuls ar mouxdia misjili sasjelis naxevari.
msjavrdebulis gadacemamde mouxdeli sasjelis aR-sasjelis aR-
srulebasruleba, sasjelisagan sruli an nawilobrivi gaTavisu-
fleba ganaCenis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRe-
bis Semdeg xorcieldeba ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli saxelm-
wifos kanonmdeblobiT.
Tu sasjelis mosaxdelad msjavrdebulis gadacemis
Semdeg ganaCenis gamomtani saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier
ganaCeni Secvlilia an gauqmebulia saqmis SewyvetasTan an
xelaxal gamoZiebasa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvasTan dakav-
SirebiT, amis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba da sxva aucilebeli
dokumentebi unda gaegzavnos ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli
saxelmwifos kompetentur organos dauyovnebliv.
damatebiTi gamoZiebisdamatebiTi gamoZiebis Sedegad sareabilitacio safuZv-
liT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sewyvetis an sasamarTlos
mier gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi, sisx-
lis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi piris usafuZvlod micemiT
gamowveul zarals aRniSnul pirs aunazRaurebs is saxelm-
wifo, romlis teritoriazec Cadenilia danaSauli.
1 gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi mxareebi SeiZleba SeTanxmdnen eqstradirebaze
maSinac, Tu mosaxdeli sasjelis vada 6 Tveze naklebia.
I. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier msjavrdebuli I. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier msjavrdebuli
ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa eqstradirebis wesiucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa eqstradirebis wesi
ucxoeli moqalaqis mimarT saqarTvelos sasamarTlos
mier gamotanili gamamtyuvnebeli ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi
SesvlisTanave Sesabamisi sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebuleb-
is administracia msjavrdebuls ganumartavs mis uflebas
eqstradiciaze1.
rogorc z/aRiniSna eqstradirebis Sesaxeb samarTal-
warmoebis dawyebisaTvis msjavrdebulma:
_ unda mimarTos pirdapir departaments gancxadebiT, an
_ Tavisi qveynis kompetentur organos saqarTvelos
iusticiis saministros winaSe Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobis
aRZvris mizniT.
Semosuli Suamdgomlobis/gancxadebis safuZvelze de-
partamenti 10 dRis vadaSi Sesabamisi uwyebidan gamoiTx-
ovs eqstradirebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis
aucilebel z/a dokumentebs. am dokumentebis warmodgeni-
dan 15 dRis vadaSi departamenti Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-
trodan da generaluri prokuraturidan gamoiTxovs in-
formacias msjavrdebulis eqstradirebasTan dakavSirebiT
xelSemSleli garemoebebis arsebobis Taobaze da adgens
daskvnas eqstradirebis Taobaze.
eqstradirebis Sesaxeb brZanebis damtkicebidan 5 DdRis
vadaSi departamenti Sesabamisi ucxo qveynis kompetenturi
organos winaSe ayenebs Suamdgomlobas eqstradirebis Ses-
axeb da Tanxmobis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, aTanxmebs gadacemis
dros, adgils da wess, ris Taobazec mxareebs Soris
dgeba eqstradiciis aqti2 4 egzemplarad3 romelTagan ori
1 cnoba ganmartebis Sesaxeb unda daerTos msjavrdebulis pirad saqmes.
2 SemdgomSi –“aqti~3 aqtis 2 asli rCeba department, 2asli- im saxelmwifos warmomadgenels,
480 481
rCeba departamentis warmoadgenels, xolo ori - im qveynis
warmomadgenels, romelsac msjavrdebuli gadaeca. aqtis
erTi egzemplari rCeba departamentSi msjavrdebulis pi-
rad saqmesTan erTad, xolo meore – gadacemidan 3 dRis
vadaSi egzavneba sammarTvelos. am aqtis miRebidan 10 dRis
vadaSi, departamenti acnobebs ganaCenis gamomtan sasamarT-
los msjavrdebulis gadacemis Sesaxeb.gadasacemi msjavrde-
bulis saxelmwifo sazRvarze gasvlis safuZvels war-
moadgens saidentifikacio dokumenti, romelic gacemulia
im saxelmwifos saTanado organos mier, romlis moqalaqe-
caa msjavrdebuli.
II. ucxo saxelmwifoSi msjavrdebuli piris saqarT-II. ucxo saxelmwifoSi msjavrdebuli piris saqarT-
veloSi eqstradirebis wesiveloSi eqstradirebis wesi
am SemTxvevaSic eqstradirebis Sesaxeb samarTalwar-
moebis dawyebis safuZvelia msjavrdebulis Suamdgomloba,
romelic saqarTvlos iusticiis saministros departa-
ments SeiZleba waredginos:-
a) dainteresebuli piris; an
b) ucxo qveynis Sesabamisi kompetenturi organos mier.
dainteresebuli pirisdainteresebuli piris mier eqstradirebis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis wardgenisas saqarTvelos iusticiis saminis-
troSi, gancxadebas unda daerTos:
1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis damowmebuli asli;
2. msjavrdebulis piradobis damadasturebeli dokumenti;
3. msjavrdebulis saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis damadasture-
beli dokumenti.
gancxadebis miRebidan 15 dRis vadaSi departamenti gam-
oiTxovs z/a dokumentebs da dainteresebuli pirisagan
iRebs werilobiT dasturs msjavrdebulis SeTanxmebuli
romelsac gadaeca msjavrdebuli.
marSutiT badragirebis xarjebis gaRebis Taobaze1. eqstra-
direbis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi de-
partamenti 5 dRis vadaSi mimarTavs dainteresebul pirs
badragirebis xarjebis gadaxdis Taobaze, romelmac 1 Tvis
vadaSi unda warmoadginos aRniSnuli Tanxis sax. biujetSi
gadaxdis damadasturebeli sabuTi).
departamenti eqstradirebis Sesaxeb aqtis miRebidan 3
dRis vadaSi uzrunvelyofs ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarT-
los mier gamotanili ganaCenis aRsrulebasTan dakavSire-
bul sakiTxebs.
saqarTveloSi msjavrdebulis eqstradirebis Semdeg mis
mimarT ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos ganaCenis aR-
srulebis sakiTxs saqmis masalebis miRebidan 1 Tvis va-
daSi ixilavs saqarTvelos sasamarTlo msjavrdebulis
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT da gansjadobis wesebis
dacviT, magram mis dauswreblad da gamoaqvs ganCineba
(dadgenileba)2.
ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos:
a) ucxo saxelmwifos ganaCenis gamomtani sasamarTlos
dasaxeleba da adgili, agreTve ganaCenis gamotanis
dro;
b) monacemebi msjavrdebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqis saqarT-
veloSi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli da samuSao adg-
1 badragirebis xarjTaRricxva ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos iusticiis
saministros safinanso-sameurneo departamentis mier. rogorc wesi, msjavrdeb-
ulis gadayvanasTan dakavSirebul yvela xarjs gaiRebs ganaCenis aRmsrulebeli
mxare, garda im xarjebisa, romlebic warmoiSoba ganaCenis gamomtani mxaris
teritoriaze. amave dros, msjavrdebulis sasjelis mosaxdelad gadacemisaTvis
saWiro saxsrebi SeiZleba gaiRon msjavrdebulma, misma naTesavebma an kanonierma
warmoamdgenelma.
2 ganCinebis (dadgenilebis) asli Sesabamisi saxelmwifos kompe-
tenturi organoebis Semdgomi informoirebis mizniT egzavneba saqarT-
velos iusticiis saministros.
482 483
ilebisa da saqmianobis Sesaxeb;
g) im qmedebis kvalifikacia, romelSic pirs brali edeba
sisxlis samarTlis kanonis safuZvelze;
d) saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis is muxli,
romliTac gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba Cadenili
danaSaulisaTvis;
e) sasjelis saxe (ZiriTadi da damatebiTi) da vada,
romelic msjavrdebulma saqarTveloSi unda moixados,
sasjelis moxdis dawyebis da damTavrebis TariRebisa da
zianis anazRaurebis wesis miTiTebiT.
ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebuli
saqarTvelos moqalaqis sasjelis mosaxdelad saqarT-
veloSi eqstradirebis SemTxvevaSi mis mimarT dgeba
msjavrdebis igive Sedegebi, rac saqarTvelos sasamarT-
los mier msjavrdebuli piris mimarT da ucxo saxelm-
wifos sasamarTlos ganaCenis saqarTveloSi aRsruleba
xdeba imave wesiT da pirobebiT, rogorc saqarTvelos
sasamarTlos ganaCenis aRsruleba saqarTveloSi Cadenili
danaSaulisaTvis. imavdroulad, Tu saqarTvelos moqalaqe
ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebulia ise-
Ti danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, romlisTvisac saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia
ukanono an/da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTmeva, gamam-
tyunebeli ganaCenis miRebis momentidan sami Tvis ganmav-
lobaSi saqarTvelos generaluri prokurori uflebam-
osilia, Cadenili danaSaulis faqtobrivi da samarT-
lebrivi garemoebebis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulT-
an Sesabamisobis dadasturebis moTxovniT SuamdgomlobiT
mimarTos saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos. saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata
Suamdgomlobas ganixilavs sami Tvis vadaSi sami mosamar-
Tlis SemadgenlobiT.
ganxilvaSi monawileobis ufleba aqvs msjavrdebuls,
mis damcvels an kanonier warmomadgenels. mxareTa gamoucx-
adebloba ar abrkolebs Suamdgomlobis ganxilvas.
Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis safuZvelze sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba1 ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos gan-
aCeniT dadgenili faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi garemoebe-
bis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamisi
muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTan Sesabamisobis dada-
sturebisa da Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis an Sesabam-
isobis ararsebobisa da Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. ganCineba sabolooa da kanonier Zala-
Si Sedis gamocxadebisTanave.
ganCinebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan eqvsi Tvis
vadaSi prokurori uflebamosilia, saqarTvelos samo-
qalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT aRZras sar-
Celi msjavrdebulis ukanono an/da dausabuTebeli qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb.
saqarTveloSi sasjelis mosaxdelad gadmoyvanili
piris mimarT gamoiyeneba ganaCenis gamomtani ucxo saxelm-
wifosa da saqarTvelos mier gamocemuli amnistiis an
Sewyalebis aqti am aqtiT dadgenili pirobebisa da wese-
bis Sesabamisad, Tu saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-
bebiTa da SeTanxmebebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebu-
1 ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos ucxo saxelmwifos ganaCenis gamomtani sasa-
marTlos dasaxeleba da adgili, ganaCenis gamotanis dro, monacemebi msjavrde-
buli saqarTvelos moqalaqis Sesaxeb, ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier
dadgenili faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi garemoebebi, sisxlis samarTlis
kanonis Sesabamisi muxlis miTiTebiT, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsis is muxli, romliTac gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba Sesabamisi
danaSaulis CadenisaTvis.
484 485
li. sssk sasjelis mosaxdelad gadmoyvanil piris ufle-
bas aZlevs mis mimarT amnistiisa da Sewyalebis aqtis
aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlos dadgenileba
erTjeradad gaasaCivros sssk 517-e–545-e muxlebiT gan-
sazRvruli wesiT. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi
prokurori ar monawileobs.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
Tanaxmad, gadasacemi pirisTvis CemorTmeuli sagnebi da
dokumentebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mt-
kicebulebad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, egzavneba gadace-
mis momTxovn organos. materialuri Rirebulebis mqone
sagnebisa da dokumentebis gagzavna, Tu isini ar ekuTvnis
gadasacem pirs, unda moxdes gadacemis momTxovni organosa-
gan maTi Senaxvisa da mesakuTrisaTvis dabrunebis garan-
tiis miRebis Semdeg.
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlosTan
TanamSromloba
. saqarTvelos moqalaqis, agreTve saqarTveloSi mudmi-
vad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis armqone piris sisxlis samar-
Tlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosaTvis gadacema xorciel-
deba sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wes-
debiT (romis statutiT) da „sisxlis samarTlis saerTa-
Soriso sasamarTlosTan saqarTvelos TanamSromlobis
Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-
vevebSi da dadgenili wesiT. (14.08.2003 N2980).
SeniSvnebisaTvis
486 487
teqnikuri redaqtori teqnikuri redaqtori r. Wanturiar. Wanturia
koreqtori: koreqtori: i. navrozaSvilii. navrozaSvili
pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 30,75pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 30,75
sabeWdi qaRaldi #1, 60X84 1/16sabeWdi qaRaldi #1, 60X84 1/16
beWdva ofseturibeWdva ofseturi
fasi saxelSekrulebofasi saxelSekrulebo
gamomcemloba `samarTali~,gamomcemloba `samarTali~,
Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., 47.Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., 47.
stamba Sps gazeTi `saqarTvelos macne~,stamba Sps gazeTi `saqarTvelos macne~,
gr. robaqiZis q. #7 gr. robaqiZis q. #7aa
sisxlis samarTlis procesi
gamomcemloba `samarTali~
Tbilisi 2009
ÓÃÎËÎÂÍÛÉ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ(Íà ãðóçèíñêîì ÿçûêå)
Èçäàòåëüñòâî `Ñàìàðòàëè~ Òáèëèñè 2009
ÑRIMINAL PROCEDURE(in GorGian)
samartali publishersTbilisi 2009