Post on 26-Jun-2020
Silo Field Niobrara Reservoir Modeling
Brian F. TowlerTony (Panqing) Gao
Silo Field (10 miles northeast of Cheyenne)
Discovered in 1983
Mostly oil in SE Wyoming,mostly natural gas nearDenver
Similar characteristics toother successful shale playsin the US
Hydrocarbon self sourcing
A cyclist cruises past a Niobrara outcrop along Colorado Highway 7, north of Boulder.
Taken by Lowell Georgia, 2010
Coexist with agricultural operations
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Jan-8
3
Jan-8
4
Jan-8
5
Jan-8
6
Jan-8
7
Jan-8
8
Jan-8
9
Jan-9
0
Jan-9
1
Jan-9
2
Jan-9
3
Jan-9
4
Jan-9
5
Jan-9
6
Jan-9
7
Jan-9
8
Jan-9
9
Jan-0
0
Jan-0
1
Jan-0
2
Jan-0
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Jan-0
4
Jan-0
5
Jan-0
6
Jan-0
7
Jan-0
8
Jan-0
9
Jan-1
0Fi
eld
Rat
e (
STB
/mo
)
Date
Silo Field Production
Oil
Water Production
Water Injection
OPERATOR WELLS OPERATOR WELLS
FOUNDATION ENERGY MANAGMENT LLC 41 CHESAPEAKE OPERATING INC 2
ANADARKO E AND P COMPANY LP 21 DAVIS OIL COMPANY 2
CIRQUE RESOURCES LP 13 GOLDEN BUCKEYE PETROLEUM CORP 2
PALADIN ENERGY PARTNER LLC 9 GROSS TODD 2
KACHINA EXPLORATION INC 8 MARTIN EXPLORATION 2
PETROLEUM MANAGEMENT LLC 8 SILVERADO OIL INC 2
H & R WELL SERVICES INC 7 WILSHIRE ENTERPRISES INC 2
NOBLE ENERGY INC 7 BUCHANAN WAYMAN W 1
UNIOIL 7 CIMARRON OPERATING 1
BP AMERICA PRODUCTION COMPANY 6 CONTINENTAL RESOURCES INC 1
FORCENERGY ONSHORE INC 5 CROW CREEK OPERATING CO 1
KC RESOURCES INC 5 GREAT WESTERN RESOURCES INC 1
STONE ENERGY LLC 5 PATINA OIL & GAS CORPORATION 1
EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION 4 RESOURCE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1
Z & S CONSTRUCTION CO INC 4 REX ENERGY ROCKIES LLC 1
COWAN OIL COMPANY 3 SNYDER OIL CORPORATION 1
OPERATORS IN SILO
OPERATOR WELLS
ANADARKO E AND P COMPANY LP 10
CONTINENTAL RESOURCES INC 1
CROW CREEK OPERATING CO 1
EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION 1
FOUNDATION ENERGY MANAGMENT LLC 10
KACHINA EXPLORATION INC 1
KC RESOURCES INC 2
PALADIN ENERGY PARTNER LLC 3
PETROLEUM MANAGEMENT LLC 1
SNYDER OIL CORPORATION 1
WILSHIRE ENTERPRISES INC 2
DEVELOPMENT OPERATORS IN SILO (1994-1995)
Items Number
Wells in Silo 176
Production Well in Niobrara 121
Digital Log Obtained 85/121
Vertical Well Log Obtained 46/85
Core Analysis 2
DPHI DT GR ILD LLD LLS NPHI RHOB SFLA SP
16/85 7/85 82/85 34/85 1/85 2/85 18/85 14/85 33/85 34/85
Log Data Density
Data Collection
Well location with Horizontal wells
2120097
2120198
21202282120244
2120260
2120284
2120285
2120287
2120292
2120293
2120294
2120296
2120299
2120303 2120304
2120310
2120312
21203162120318
2120319
2120323
2120325
2120326
2120328
2120331
2120334
2120336
2120337
21203382120340
2120343
2120346
2120349
2120350
2120351
2120353
2120354
2120356
2120359
2120360
2120361
2120362
2120363
2120364
2120372
2120377
2120378
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000ft
1:238419Country
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License
Model name
Horizon name
Scale
Contour inc
User name
Date
Signature
1:238419
Administrator
01/12/2011
Map
GR SFLA GR SFLA GR SFLA GR
2120097
2120198
21202282120244
2120260
2120284
2120285
2120287
2120292
2120293
2120294
2120296
2120299
2120303 2120304
2120310
2120312
21203162120318
2120319
2120323
2120325
2120326
2120328
2120331
2120334
2120336
2120337
21203382120340
2120343
2120346
2120349
2120350
2120351
2120353
2120354
2120356
2120359
2120360
2120361
2120362
2120363
2120364
2120372
2120377
2120378
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000ft
1:238419Country
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License
Model name
Horizon name
Scale
Contour inc
User name
Date
Signature
1:238419
Administrator
01/12/2011
Map
North South
GR SFLA GR SFLA GR SFLA GR SFLA
2120097
2120198
21202282120244
2120260
2120284
2120285
2120287
2120292
2120293
2120294
2120296
2120299
2120303 2120304
2120310
2120312
21203162120318
2120319
2120323
2120325
2120326
2120328
2120331
2120334
2120336
2120337
21203382120340
2120343
2120346
2120349
2120350
2120351
2120353
2120354
2120356
2120359
2120360
2120361
2120362
2120363
2120364
2120372
2120377
2120378
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000ft
1:238419Country
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License
Model name
Horizon name
Scale
Contour inc
User name
Date
Signature
1:238419
Administrator
01/12/2011
Map
West East
GR SFLA ILD GR SFLA ILD
2120097
2120198
21202282120244
2120260
2120284
2120285
2120287
2120292
2120293
2120294
2120296
2120299
2120303 2120304
2120310
2120312
21203162120318
2120319
2120323
2120325
2120326
2120328
2120331
2120334
2120336
2120337
21203382120340
2120343
2120346
2120349
2120350
2120351
2120353
2120354
2120356
2120359
2120360
2120361
2120362
2120363
2120364
2120372
2120377
2120378
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000ft
1:238419Country
Block
License
Model name
Horizon name
Scale
Contour inc
User name
Date
Signature
1:238419
Administrator
01/12/2011
Map
GR SFLA ILD GR SFLA ILD
2120097
2120198
21202282120244
2120260
2120284
2120285
2120287
2120292
2120293
2120294
2120296
2120299
2120303 2120304
2120310
2120312
21203162120318
2120319
2120323
2120325
2120326
2120328
2120331
2120334
2120336
2120337
21203382120340
2120343
2120346
2120349
2120350
2120351
2120353
2120354
2120356
2120359
2120360
2120361
2120362
2120363
2120364
2120372
2120377
2120378
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000ft
1:238419Country
Block
License
Model name
Horizon name
Scale
Contour inc
User name
Date
Signature
1:238419
Administrator
01/12/2011
Map
2120097
212019821202282120244
2120260
2120284
2120285
2120287
2120292
21202932120294
2120296
21202992120303
2120304
2120310
2120312
2120316
21203182120319
2120323
2120325
2120326
2120328
2120331
2120332
2120334
2120336
2120337
2120338
2120340
21203432120346
2120349
2120350
21203512120353
2120354
2120356
2120359
2120360
2120361
2120362
2120363
2120364
2120372
2120377
2120378
440000 460000 480000 500000 520000
440000 460000 480000 500000 520000
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00
-18
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00
-16
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00
-24
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00
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-20
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0 500010000150002000025000m
1:694773Country
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License
Model name
Horizon name
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Contour inc
User name
Date
Signature
1:694773
Administrator
11/06/2010
Map
GR SFLA ILD GR SFLA ILD
2120097
2120198
21202282120244
2120260
2120284
2120285
2120287
2120292
2120293
2120294
2120296
2120299
2120303 2120304
2120310
2120312
21203162120318
2120319
2120323
2120325
2120326
2120328
2120331
2120334
2120336
2120337
21203382120340
2120343
2120346
2120349
2120350
2120351
2120353
2120354
2120356
2120359
2120360
2120361
2120362
2120363
2120364
2120372
2120377
2120378
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000ft
1:238419Country
Block
License
Model name
Horizon name
Scale
Contour inc
User name
Date
Signature
1:238419
Administrator
01/12/2011
Map
GR SFLA ILD GR SFLA ILDGR
2120097
2120198
21202282120244
2120260
2120284
2120285
2120287
2120292
2120293
2120294
2120296
2120299
2120303 2120304
2120310
2120312
21203162120318
2120319
2120323
2120325
2120326
2120328
2120331
2120334
2120336
2120337
21203382120340
2120343
2120346
2120349
2120350
2120351
2120353
2120354
2120356
2120359
2120360
2120361
2120362
2120363
2120364
2120372
2120377
2120378
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
160000 180000 200000 220000 240000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
-520000
-500000
-480000
-460000
-440000
-420000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000ft
1:238419Country
Block
License
Model name
Horizon name
Scale
Contour inc
User name
Date
Signature
1:238419
Administrator
01/12/2011
Map
)17.23(083.0 GRI
shV
minmax
min
GRGR
GRGRIGR
IGR = gamma ray index
GR = gamma ray reading of formation
GRmin = minimum gamma ray (clean sand or carbonate)
GRmax = maximum gamma ray (shale)
Log Interpretation
Larionov - Tertiary rocks:
Shale volume
)(fDmaD
shDmaDshV
fDmaD
DENmaDD
2
22ND
Light hydrocarbon
Porosity
n
m
t
ww
R
RaS /1)(
where:
Sw=water saturation of the uninvaded zone
Rw=resistivity of formation water at formation temperature
Rt=true formation resistivity (i.e., deep induction or deep laterolog corrected for invasion)
φ=porosity
a=tortuosity factor
m=cementation exponent
n=saturation exponent
Water Saturation
)1(
1 2/
d
clw
n
w
m
en
w
cl
d
cl
t VaR
SS
R
V
R
Generally，m＝n＝2，d＝1～2
cl
cl
me
w
sh
sh
me
w
shtm
e
ww
R
VaR
R
VaR
RR
aRS
2)
2( 2
If a＝0.8，m＝2, So
])(5
[4.0 2
2
2sh
sh
sh
sh
wt
e
e
ww
R
V
R
V
RR
RS
Simandoux
Archie
Log Interpretation
2
4.4136.0
wirrSK
K=permeability in millidarcys
Φ=porosity
Swirr=water saturation (Sw) of a zone at
irreducible
water saturation
Permeability
Log Interpretation
Timur
Wyllie and Rose
23250
wirrSK
Original 3D, normal vertical scale
Vertically amplified 3D, 10 times
Zone 5
DX 150 feet
DY 150 feet
NX 718
NY 502
NZ 25
Cells 9010900
Model Dimension
Niobrara TopNia-A
Niobrara TopNia-B1
Niobrara TopNia-B2
Niobrara TopNia-B2Below
Niobrara TopFT Hayes
Niobrara TopCodell
FT Hayes TopNia-A
FT Hayes TopNia-B1
FT Hayes TopNia-B2
FT Hayes TopNia-B2Below
FT Hayes TopFT Hayes
FT Hayes TopCodell
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
POROSITY Nia-A
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
POROSITY Nia-B1
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
POROSITY Nia-B2
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
POROSITY
Nia-B2Below
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
POROSITY
FT Hayes
Poro-Gaussian Random
Poro-Sequential Gaussian
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
WATER SAT(ARCHIE MODEL)
Nia-A
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
WATER SAT(ARCHIE MODEL)
Nia-B1
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
WATER SAT(ARCHIE MODEL)
Nia-B2
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
WATER SAT(ARCHIE MODEL)
Nia-B2Below
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
WATER SAT(ARCHIE MODEL)
FT Hayes
Sw-Gaussian Random
Poro-Sequential Gaussian
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
PERMEABILITY(Wyllie and Rose)
Nia-A
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
PERMEABILITY(Wyllie and Rose)
Nia-B1
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
PERMEABILITY(Wyllie and Rose)
Nia-B2
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
PERMEABILITY(Wyllie and Rose)
Nia-B2Below
FT Hayes Top
GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTION SIMULATION
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
PERMEABILITY(Wyllie and Rose)
FT Hayes
Sw-Gaussian Random
Poro-Sequential Gaussian
STATIC MODELING: MORE LOGS, particularly porosity logsDEVIATION DATA (HORIZONTAL WELLS)
PVT DATA:RS, VISCOSITY, FVF, AND GRAVITY FOR OIL, GAS, WATER
SCAL DATA:RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CURVES， CAP PRESSURES
INITIAL DATANO PRESSURE DATA AVAILABLE YET
Data Still Needed