Post on 20-Mar-2017
Review of Review of Shavasan Shavasan Studies Conducted Studies Conducted at JIPMER During 2001-2002at JIPMER During 2001-2002
Madanmohan , Madanmohan , Vijayalakshmi P , Udupa Kaviraja , Vijayalakshmi P , Udupa Kaviraja ,
Bhavanani AB , Prakash ES Bhavanani AB , Prakash ES
Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate
Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry –6, India.
3 Shavasan 3 Shavasan Studies Conducted at Studies Conducted at JIPMER During 2001-2002JIPMER During 2001-2002
Modulation of cold pressor-induced stress by Modulation of cold pressor-induced stress by shavasanshavasan in normal adult volunteers in normal adult volunteers
Modulation of stress induced by isometric hand grip test in hypertensive patients following yogic relaxation training
Effect of Shavasan on heart rate variability (HRV) in normal student volunteers
MODULATION OF MODULATION OF COLD PRESSOR-INDUCED COLD PRESSOR-INDUCED
STRESS STRESS BY BY SHAVASANSHAVASAN
IN NORMAL ADULT VOLUNTEERS IN NORMAL ADULT VOLUNTEERS
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Modern man is the victim of stress and stress-
induced disorders
Shavasan is known to produce relaxation and
enhance one’s ability to combat stress
Cold pressor test measures the stress-induced
sympathetic response
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
To quantify the sympathetic response to the stress
induced by cold pressor test
Role of shavasan, if any in modulating this
response
Possible mechanisms involved in such a
modulation
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
Ten normal adult volunteers were taught shavasan
R-R interval variation (RRIV),deep breathing
difference(DBD) and cold pressor test were
performed before and after ten minutes of
shavasan
RESULTSRESULTS
0
5
10
15
20
25
RRIV DBD
RR
IV (%
) / D
BD
(bea
ts p
er m
in)
Before
After
RESULTS (contd.)RESULTS (contd.)
60
70
80
90B
asal
30 s
60 s
90 s
120
s
180
s
240
s
300
s
360
s
420
s
Hea
rt ra
te (b
eats
/min
)
Before
After
RESULTS (contd.)RESULTS (contd.)
60
70
80
90
100
110
Basa
l
30 s
60 s
90 s
120
s
180
s
240
s
300
s
360
s
420
s
RP
P
BeforeAfter
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Shavasan can :
Enhance the parasympathetic activity
Blunt the sympathetic activity
Reduce the load on the heart
Therefore, enhance one’s ability to withstand
stressful stimuli
SUMMARYSUMMARY
To study the anti-stress effect of shavasan
Cold pressor test was used to induce stress
Shavasan enhanced one’s ability to
withstand stressful stimuli
Modulation of stress induced by isometric hand grip test
in hypertensive patients following yogic relaxation
training
IntroductionIntroductionModern man has become a victim of stress and
stress induced health disorders.Yoga includes a vast number of techniques
designed for perfect health tried and tested for over 5,000 years.
Many articles were published on the role of yoga in the manage-ment of essential hypertension.
But majority of workers used only shavasana and reported their results before and after yoga training.
Lack of literature on BP response to IHG test and on RPP with yoga training.
AIMSAIMSTo study the effect of yoga relaxation
exercises on BP, HR and RPP in uncomplicated EH.
To record the response of BP, HR and RPP to IHG test before and after yoga training.
MATERIALMATERIAL AND AND METHODSMETHODSSubjects - 13 male patients of uncomplicated
EH from JIPMER staff clinic.Age - 41 to 60 y.Duration - 5 to 10 y.Drugs - Tab atenolol/amlodipine.Yoga training – 1 hr daily for 6 days/week for
4 weeks.
Yogasanas and pranayama– Pranava pranayama– Mini shavasana– Naukasana– Vipareetakarini– Matsyasana– Chandra anuloma pranayama– Shashasana– Kayakriya– Savitri pranayama– Shavasana.
Parameters: SP, DP, PP, MP, HR & RPP before yoga training and every week for 4 weeks of training.
Non-invasive semi-automatic blood pressure monitor (press-mate 8800, Colin corp. , Japan).
Response to IHG test before and after yoga training.
Inflated sphygmomanometer cuff for IHG test and maintained 1/3rd of MVC pressure.
Student’s paired ‘t’ test.P<0.05 significant difference between
compared values.
RESULTS AND RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
Parameters Basal 1st week
2nd week
3rd week 4th week
SP 141.69 ±3.41
145.15 ±3.50
136.69 ±2.28
127.92 ±3.72 **
120.69 ±2.27****
DP 87.84 ±1.58
88.30 ±1.63
82.46 ±1.62 *
77.92 2.29***
75.76 ±2.23****
MP 105.55 ±1.63
107.25 ±2.09
100.53 ±1.36 *
94.58 ±2.45 ***
90.74 ±1.75****
HR 84.38 ±3.50
79.15 ±3.86
73.15 ±3.15*
73.53 ±3.01 *
74.23 ±3.04 *
RPP 119.54 ±6.30
115.56 ±7.51
99.90 ±4.42 *
94.04 ±4.75 ***
89.39 ±3.69 ***
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
SP DP PP MP HR RPP
Basal 1st week2nd week 3rd week4th week
*
*******
**
****
****
*
***
*
***
*** ***
Parameters Before yoga After yogaRest IHG Rest IHG
SP 141.69 ±3.41
160.46 ±7.90 *
120.69±2.27
145.00 ± 4.40 ****
DP 87.84±1.58
95.69± 5.93
75.76± 2.23
93.15 ± 3.64***
PP 53.84± 3.54
64.76± 5.05
44.92± 3.00
53.53 ± 2.98
MP 103.55± 1.63
117.27± 6.28
90.74±1.75
110.99 ± 3.71****
HRbeats/min
84.38± 3.50
90.49± 3.91
74.23± 3.04
87.00 ±3.77**
RPP 119.54± 6.30
147.11±11.67
89.39 ±3.69
126.44 ±7.13**
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
SP DP PP MP HR RPP
Before yoga training RestBefore yoga training IHG testAfter yoga training RestAfter yoga training IHG test
* ****
***
****
**
**
Significant SP – 3rd wk onwards.Significant DP, MP, HR & RPP -
2nd week onwards.No significant change in PP.RPP shows reduced work load on
heart.
– IHG Vs Rest before and after yoga training.Significant only in SP before yoga.Significant in SP, DP, MP, HR & RPP
after yoga.10 mm Hg or less rise in DP – abnormal
cardiovascular reflexes.
– 16 mm Hg or more rise in DP – normal reflexes.
– In our study rise in DP was ~ 8 mm Hg before yoga and 17.39 mm Hg after yoga.
– Indicates the activity of reflex mechanisms were improved towards normal.
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONSSUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
4 weeks yoga training has effectively reduced BP, HR & RPP.
Reduction change in BP,HR & RPP from 2nd week onwards.
Significant in BP, HR & RPP with IHG after training shows very good sign of restoration in the cardio-vascular reflex mechanisms.
Resulted in reduced drug dosage and contributed to mental and physical wellbeing.
Since EH is mainly caused by the stress and strain, combination of yoga and medicine will reverse the disorder.
Regular practice of yoga produces long lasting changes even in chronic cases.
Medicine reduces EH in the acute cases and yoga removes it in long term and prevents recurrence.
Hence, the techniques of yoga can be used as an effective adjuvant for drug therapy in the treatment of EH.
Review of Literature:Review of Literature:
The effect of shavasan on heart rate variability (HRV) is not known.
We investigated the effect of shavasan on BP, HR and HRV as measured by sympathovagal balance (SVB), coefficient of variation of RR intervals (CVRRI) and total power of the RR-interval spectrum.
Effect of Effect of ShavasanShavasan on on heart rate variability (HRV) heart rate variability (HRV)
in in normal student volunteersnormal student volunteers
Subjects and Methods:Subjects and Methods: Twenty six school children (13 boys and 13 girls)
aged 16 years were recruited for the study. Their BP, HR and HRV were recorded in supine
position under standard conditions. A 5-minute ECG was recorded and the RR-interval
series was subjected to fast Fourier transformation and an RR-interval power spectrum obtained.
SVB was calculated as the ratio of low frequency (LF) (0.04 – 0.15 Hz) and high frequency powers (HF) (0.15 – 0.40 Hz).
Subjects and methods Subjects and methods (contd.):(contd.):
The subjects were then given shavasan training and practiced the same under our supervision for a period of six weeks.
BP, HR and HRV were recorded under similar conditions after the training period.
Results:Results:Parameter Before After P value
Resting heart rate (beats/min)
73.45 68.61 0.02
Systolic pressure(mm Hg)
113.80 109.46 0.02
Diastolic pressure (mm Hg)
61.77 57.53 0.004
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg)
81.31 75.50 0.0006
Rate-pressure product(mm Hg / min)
8375 7540 0.01
Indices of heart rate Indices of heart rate variability:variability:
Coefficient of variation of RR-intervals (CVRRI) was calculated as
CVRRI = (SDNN / Mean RR)*100(LF) nu = LF / (LF + HF) * 100(HF) nu = HF / (LF + HF) * 100Total power of the RR-interval spectrum =
VLF + LF + HF power
Effect of Shavasan training on Effect of Shavasan training on HRVHRV
Parameter Before After P valueCVRRI 8.16 9.43 0.023
LF power (nu)
40.08 41.25 0.737
HF power (nu)
59.92 58.75 0.737
Total power(absolute)
7.36 10.51 0.006
SVB 0.82 0.79 0.866
Conclusion:Conclusion:
The practice of shavasan increases heart rate variability.
Implications:Implications:
Shavasan may improve quality of life in healthy individuals
May be used as therapy for patients with mental health disorders, hypertension. Drug dosages could be reduced in these patients.
JIPMER