Sharing is CaringSocietal impact of open collections?

Föreläsning: Open Collections Nationalmuseum og Världskulturmuseet

7 October 2016, Stockholm

Merete SanderhoffCurator / Senior Advisor

slideshare.net/MereteSanderhoff@MSanderhoff

Artemis.txt, 2013. CC BY-SA 4.0 Filip Vest

”With our digitised collections, we can support people in being reflective, creative human beings. But the precondition is that cultural heritage is common property, and that each and every one of us can use it for exactly what we dream of.”

Mikkel Bogh Director, SMK

http://bit.ly/1dMX0BJ

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

The National Gallery of DenmarkWestern art from 1300 to the present

260,000 artworks66 % in the public domain

27 % digitised

What’s the greatest challenge working with open data and

open collections/image archives?

Getting all of it digitisedin high quality

Indiana Jonas, Raiders of the Lost Ark, 1981

The new roleas facilitator

http://jeannelking.com/services/graphic-facilitation/

CCBY 4.0 ULK

The art pilotswww.ulk.dk

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

Wiki Labs

Monthly meetups with Wikipedians,art historians and amateurs

Open collections in schools

Need to raise awarenesstailor contentoffer training

https://medium.com/code-words-technology-and-theory-in-the-museum/wanna-play-8f8e2e8cb2fe

What prerequisites does an institution need to get started?

(what’s more important, the technique or the policy?)

For us, policy first.

Because of perpetual beta.

SMK’s first digital strategy, 2009

We want to be a catalyst for

users’ creativity

Working bottom up

Johannes Simon Holzbecker, Hyacints, from Gottorfer Codex, 1649-59, KKSgb2947/26. Public Domain.

Museums need time to consider change

Salvator Rosa, Demokritus in Meditation, 1650-51. KMS4112. Public Domain

What will happen if we let go of control?

Will we lose revenue?

Will people stop going to the museum if they can just visit us online?

Think Big,Start Small,Move Fast

Michael Edson, Director of Web and New Media Strategy, SmithsonianAdvisory meeting with the SMK management team, November 2011

160 high res imagesin 2012

Pilot experiences

Pilot experiences

Pilot experiences

Pilot experiences

Pilot experiences

Pilot experiences

http://collection.smk.dk/

25,000 mixed res imagesin 2015

Is the OpenGLAM movement inevitable/unstoppable?

https://twitter.com/PUBDOMAINHULK

Nefertiti

http://www.private-guide-berlin.com/private-tour-berlin/neues-museum-berlin-private-tour/

Discovered in Amarna, Egypt, in 1912 by German archaeologists

On display at Neues Museum Berlin since 1923

Egypt has reclaimed the bust as national heritage, in vain

The bust is not allowed to travel due to security

The museum’s official 3D scan is kept from the public

http://www.private-guide-berlin.com/private-tour-berlin/neues-museum-berlin-private-tour/

The Other Nefertiti

http://boingboing.net/2016/02/23/scanning-artists-de-loot-stole.html

Covertly scanned with a Kinect in Neues Museum Berlin, October 2015

Released as a torrent at Chaos Communication Congress, December 2015

Downloaded and seeded thousands of times within 24 hours

Requests from universities and businesses to re-use the scan

http://boingboing.net/2016/02/23/scanning-artists-de-loot-stole.html

Nora Al-Badri and Jan Nikolai Nelles with the 3D printed bust in Cairo

http://hyperallergic.com/274635/artists-covertly-scan-bust-of-nefertiti-and-release-the-data-for-free-online/

“The head of Nefertiti represents all the other millions of stolen and looted artifacts all over the world currently happening, for example, in Syria, Iraq, and in Egypt.”

http://hyperallergic.com/274635/artists-covertly-scan-bust-of-nefertiti-and-release-the-data-for-free-online/

“Archaeological artifacts as a cultural memory originate for the most part from the Global South; however, a vast number of important objects can be found in Western museums and private collections.”

http://hyperallergic.com/274635/artists-covertly-scan-bust-of-nefertiti-and-release-the-data-for-free-online/

“…there are ways where we don’t even need any topdown effort from institutions or museums, but where the people can reclaim the museums as their public space through alternative virtual realities, fiction, or captivating the objects like we did.”

http://hyperallergic.com/274635/artists-covertly-scan-bust-of-nefertiti-and-release-the-data-for-free-online/

“Our primary mission is to ‘tell the truth’. We put as much quality in our work as possible. That is why we share the best quality we have. If people google ‘The Milkmaid’ by Vermeer then we want them to find our good quality image, not all the bad and deformed versions of this beautiful painting.”

Lizzy Jongma Former data manager, Rijksmuseum

Loss of control

Regaining controlby sharing

“If they want to have a Vermeer on their toilet paper, I’d rather have a very high-quality image of Vermeer on toilet paper than a very bad reproduction.”

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/arts/design/museums-mull-public-use-of-online-art-images.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

Taco DibbitsDirector, Rijksmuseum

Rijksmuseum’s quality imagesare preferred online

Rijksmuseum is key reference for its own collection

“So far 6,499 images from the Rijksmuseum have been uploaded to Wikimedia Commons (...) 2,175 of these images are currently used in various Wikipedia articles. These images have been shown 10,322,754 times to users visiting the articles where the material is used.”

The Impact of Open Access on Galleries, Libraries, Museums and Archives, Effie Kapsalis, Smithsonian Emerging Leaders Development Program, April 2016

What is the most important step to take towards a change, keeping in mind that all institutions cannot take

big steps forward in the near future?

GalleriesLibrariesArchivesMuseums

http://openglam.org/

OpenGLAM mindset

GalleriesLibrariesArchivesMuseums

http://openglam.org/

OpenGLAM mindset

Open access to the museums’ digitised assets

An open and welcoming attitude towards the users’ approaches and contributions to the work of GLAM institutions

sharingiscaring.smk.dk/en

Works that are in the Public Domain in analogue form continue to be in the Public Domain once they have been digitised.

http://pro.europeana.eu/files/Europeana_Professional/Publications/Public%20Domain%20Charter%20-%20EN.pdf

Copyright is “a little coral reef of private right jutting up from the ocean of Public Domain.”

Paul Torremans, Copyright law: a handbook of contemporary research, 2007

Adam Olearius, "Oftt begehrte Beschreibung Der Newen Orienthalischen Reise [...]", Schleswig 1647, KKSgb10873/28, SMK. Public Domain

Look into what others have learned

Peer experiences

What greatly benefitted the Rijksmuseum is that other people started making new creative works with the material and therefore promoting the museum on a larger scale than they had ever been able to do themselves.

Peer experiences

What greatly benefitted the Rijksmuseum is that other people started making new creative works with the material and therefore promoting the museum on a larger scale than they had ever been able to do themselves.

Wikipedia editors prefer to use trusted material provided by the cultural institutions themselves to illustrate the articles they are editing. This greatly benefits both the users who have a richer experience, and the cultural institution that reaches out to a public far beyond the scope of its own website

Peer experiences

What greatly benefitted the Rijksmuseum is that other people started making new creative works with the material and therefore promoting the museum on a larger scale than they had ever been able to do themselves.

Wikipedia editors prefer to use trusted material provided by the cultural institutions themselves to illustrate the articles they are editing. This greatly benefits both the users who have a richer experience, and the cultural institution that reaches out to a public far beyond the scope of its own website.

We have lost almost all control, and it has been vital to our success.

Images of Works of Art in Museum Collections: The Experience of Open Access. A Study of Eleven Museums. Prepared for the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation by Kristin Kelly, April 2013

Democratising the Rijksmuseum. Why did the Rijksmuseum make available their highest quality material without restrictions, and what are the results? Joris Pekel, Europeana Foundation, July 2014

There’s a dark side too.

Liberal photo policy – also show museumofselfies and instawalks

We have a liberal photo policy, so this is just fine

But this is not ok!

But this is not ok!

But this is not.

But this is not ok!

But this is not.

You cannot watermark a CC0 image of a public domain artwork

Do you think there is a danger in focusing too much on digital activities / neglecting the museum IRL?

Digital and physical are not mutually exclusive.

Stronger together.

CCBY 3.0 Frida Gregersen

Cool Constructions

CCBY 3.0 Frida Gregersen

Collaboration between theCopenhagen Metro Company,

local citizens, and SMK art pilots

CCBY 3.0 Frida Gregersen

Collections gain new value outside the museum

in the hands of the public

Makeover of injection room Skyen / ‘The Cloud’

CCBY 4.0 ULK

A space for drug users,central Copenhagen

Open 23 hours a day

700 drug intakes a day

CCBY 4.0 ULK

CCBY 4.0 ULK

Re-creating places / spaces that the drug users dream of

CCBY 4.0 ULK

CCBY 4.0 ULK

The art pilots facilitateimproved social conditions

for the users

Remix exhibition May 2015

13 artists and designers were

invited to mix upSMK’s collections

The artists got to hack the museum for a weekend

CC BY-SA 4.0 Merete Sanderhoff

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

Their remixes ranged from lasercut installations…

Neea Laakso, Free?

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

…over tapestries, fashion clothes, collages…

Signe Emdal, Astrids Rose

Harald Slott-Møller, Danish landscape, 1891

Product of Public Domain

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

Jamie Seaboch, Collage

Filip Vest, 22 Skies

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

…to a projection of 22 golden age skies

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

…and a pop-up version of Hammershøiwith motorized moving light

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

Kati Hyyppä, As light goes by

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

Drew audienes into the galleries- offered fresh perspectives

CC BY-SA 4.0 Ida Tietgen Høyrup

“Prioritize Web and New Media programs in proportion to their impact on the mission.”

Michael Edson, Smithsonian Web and New Media Strategy, Version 1.0, 2009http://www.si.edu/content/pdf/about/web-new-media-strategy_v1.0.pdf

Michael Edson /VanGoYourself

SMK images got 20 million page views on Wikipedia in 2015

What’s the societal good of open cultural heritage?

How do we measure the impact of open collections?

http://pro.europeana.eu/blogpost/a-fresh-perspective-on-exploring-impact

”I wish we would measure cultural heritage on learning and happiness.”

https://charlotteshj.dk/2016/05/26/gid-vi-maalte-kulturarv-paa-laering-og-lykke/

Charlotte S H JensenState Archives/National Museum

“Now that museums are beginning to have the tools and expertise at their disposal to monitor, track, record, and analyze all the various ways that the public benefits from their work, the real task begins to redesign the process and program of museums and to embed impact-driven data collection into every aspect of our efforts.”

Rob Stein Chief Program Officer, AAM

https://medium.com/code-words-technology-and-theory-in-the-museum/museums-so-what-7b4594e72283#.rgnlbz2tj

SMK Open 2016-2020

http://www.smk.dk/en/about-smk/press/press-releases/artikel/translate-to-english-117-mio-kr-til-demokratisering-af-hele-danmarks-kunstsamling/

Digitisation and societal impact?

Aarhus, 20-21 November 2017sharecare.nu / #sharecare17

Artemis.txt, 2013. CC BY-SA 4.0 Filip Vest

How would your mission change with open access?

What kind of impact could your work have?

What are your biggest concerns about opening up your collections?