Post on 04-Jun-2018
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WELCOME
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Shah Jahan
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Peacock Throne
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He is considered to be one of the
greatest Mughals and his reign has been
called the Golden Age of Mughals.
Like Akbar, he was eager to expand his
empire. The chief events of his reign werethe destruction of thekingdom of
Ahmadnagar (1636), the loss of Kandahar to
the Persians (1653), and a second waragainst the Deccan princes (1655).
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The name S J ncomes fromPersian meaning "king of the world." Hewas the fifth Mughal ruler
after Babur, Humayun, Akbar,
and Jahangir. While young, he was a
favourite of Akbar. Even while very young, he could be
pointed out to be the successor to
the Mughal throne after the death ofJahangir. He succeeded to the throne upon
his father's death in 1627.
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The name comes from the shape of a
throne, having the figures oftwo peacocks standing behind it, their tails
being expanded and the whole so inlaid with
sapphires, rubies, emeralds, pearls and other
precious stones of appropriate colors as to
represent life, created for the
Mughal Badshah Shah Jahan of India in the
17th century, which was in his imperialcapitalDelhi's Public audience hall,
the Diwan-i-Am. Shah Jahan had the
famous Koh-i-noor diamond placed in this
throne.
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The French jeweller Tavernier, who saw Delhi in
1665, described the throne as of the shape of a bed
(a "takhteh" or platform), 6 ft. by 4 ft., supported by
four golden feet, 20 to 25 in. high, from the barsabove which rose twelve columns to support the
canopy; the bars were decorated with crosses
of rubies and emeralds, and also
with diamonds and pearls.
In all there were 108 large rubies on the throne,
and 116 emeralds, but many of the latter had flaws.
The twelve columns supporting the canopy were
decorated with rows of splendid pearls, and Tavernier
considered these to be the most valuable part of the
throne. Estimates of its value varied between Rs. 40
million (Bernier) and Rs. 100 million (Tavernier).
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Nader Shah invaded the Mughal Empire in
1738, and returned to Persia in 1739 with
the original Peacock Throne as well as manyother treasures taken from the Mughal
emperor Muhammad Shah.
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Mumtaz Mahal
Mumtz Mahal(April, 1593 - 17 June 1631) meaning"beloved ornament of the palace" is the commonnickname of rjumand Banu Begum, an Empressof India during the Mughal Dynasty.
She was born in Agra, India. Her father wasthe Persian noble Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, the brother
of Empress Nur Jehan (who subsequently became the
wife of the emperor Jahangir).
She was religiously a Shi'aMuslim. She was married at
the age of 19, on 10 May 1612, to Prince Khurram,
who would later ascend the Peacock
Throne as Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan I.
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She was his third wife, and became his favorite.
She died in Burhanpur in the Deccan (now
in Madhya Pradesh) during the birth of their
fourteenth child, a daughter named Gauhara
Begum. Her body remained at Burhanpur for
23 years until the Taj was completed. Only thenwas her coffin shifted to Agra. Her body was
then buried in the TajMahal in Agra.
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Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal (also " the Taj" ) isconsidered the f inest example of Mughal
architectu re, a sty le that comb ines elements
from Persian, Indian,and Islam ic arch itectu ral sty les.
In 1983, the Taj Mahal became
a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was
ci ted as " the jewel of Musl im art in Ind ia and
one of the un iversally adm ired masterpieces
of the world 's her i tage.
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hahjahanabadDelhi went into something of an eclipse from the
time of Humayun's Delhi to the accession of
Shahjahan, the great Mughal builder who in 1648built Shahjahanabad, the seventh city of Delhi.
Shahjahan's Delhi, is today more visible than all the
Delhi's built before it.
The scale on which he built was also more heroic, as
can be seen from the Red Fort and the Jama Masjid.
The celebrated poet Mirza Galib, maintained the
same fervour and wrote: "If the world is body, Delhi
is the soul". There can be no better attributes for a
city.
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Shahjahanabad was a walled city, and some of its
gates and parts of the wall still stand. The romance
of the bazaars of Delhi can be experienced at its
best in and around Chandni Chowk and its by lanes.
Shahjahanabad was secured and enclosed by about
ten kilometer long well. Ten gates connected the city
with the surrounding region. Lahore gate was the
main entrance for the Red Port besides Delhi Gate.The Kashmere Gate, Calcutta Gate, Mori Gate, Kabul
Gate, Faresh Khana Gate, Ajmere Gate and the
Turkman Gate were the other major links of the city
with the highways.
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A system of Mohallas and Katras was developed
to suit the homogenous community structure.
Shahjahanabad who furnishes a fine example of
secularism which distinguishes it from the bazars
of many historic buildings and temples: The LalJain Mandir from the time of Shahjahan, Appa
Gangadhar Mandir (Gauri Shankar mandir), the
only temple built during Marathi dominion, Arya
Samaj mandir (Dewan Hall), Baptist Chruch,Gurudwara Sisganj, Sunehri Masjid and west end
terminus, the Fateh Puri Masjid. On 9th March,
1739 Nadir Shah defeated Mohammad Shah at
Panipat and entered Delhi.
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He massacred the inhabitants and took
over almost the entire wealth
Shahjahanbad, accumulated by theMughals in India. The Peacock throne,
priceless stones such as Koh-i-Nur and
Darya-i-Nur, fine pieces of art,thousand of horses, camels, and
elephants, and numerous books and
manuscripts was carried among asbooty.
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Till the time the British moved the capital of their
Indian Empire from Calcutta to Delhi, the city
continued to be battered by invading armies, of the
Marathas from the South and Nadirshah, the PersianEmperor, and Ahmad Shah Abdali, the Afghan from
the north. All this, of course, was in addition to the
bitter rivalries and intrigue which destroyed Delhi
from within.
However, immediately after attaining the freedom,
Shahjahanabad revived its old pomp and splendourwhen the first President of free and Democratic
India, Dr.Rajendra Prasad drove in State procession
in Chandini Chowk on 5.2.1950.
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Shah ahan MosqueThe Shah Jahan Mosque was built in the reign
of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It is locatedin Thatta, Sindh province, Pakistan. It is included
in the UNESCO World Heritageand has been to
preserved since its entry.
In the town of Thatta (100 km / 60 miles from
Karachi) itself, there is famous Shahjahani
Mosque with its beautiful architecture. This
mosque was built in 1647 during the reign ofMughal King Shah Jahan, also known as the
builder King.
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The mosque is built with red bricks with
blue coloured glaze tiles probably importedfrom another Sindh's town of Hala. The
mosque has overall 100 domes and it is
world's largest mosque having suchnumber of domes. It has been built keeping
acoustics in mind. A person speaking
inside one end of the dome can be heard at
the other end.
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End Of Shah Jahan Reign
SHAH JAHAN, Mogul emperor of Delhi, the fifth of
the dynasty. After revolting against his fatherJahangir, as the latter had revolted against Akbar,
he succeeded to the throne on his fathersdeath in
1627.
It was during his reign that the Mogul power
attained its greatest prosperity. The chief events of
his reign were the destruction of the kingdom of
Ahmadnagar (1636), the loss of Kandahar to the
Persians (1653), and a second war against the
Deccan princes (1655). In 1658 he fell ill, and was
confined by his son Aurangzeb in the citadel ofA ra until his death in 1666.
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Shah Jahanslife, which began in 1592 with
happy ceremonies, wouldnt have ended ina more tragic way. He spent the last eight
years of his life sequestered in a part of the
Agra fort; only Jahanara, his sincere
daughter was allowed to visit him. Yet His
only consolation was that from his prison
window, he could see his unique
architectural work Taj Mahal, though hecouldntvisit.
D i th i ht Sh h J h l h d
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During those eight years, Shah Jahans soul had
always yearned for visiting Taj Mahal where his
beloved wife lay buried and it only rested when he
followed her and was at last buried beside her.The period of his reign was the golden age of
Indian architecture. Shah Jahan erected many
splendid monuments, the most famous of which is
the Taj Mahal at Agra, built as a tomb for his wifeMumtaz Mahal; while the Pearl Mosque at Agra and
the palace and great mosque at Delhi also
commemorate him. The celebrated Peacock
Throne, said to have been worth 6,000,000 also
dates from his reign; and he was the founder of
the modern city of Delhi, the native name of which
is Shahjahanabad.
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