Post on 04-Jun-2020
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
SFSF66 Emission Monitoring: Emission Monitoring:
State-of-the-Art SF6 Tracking
Ron Hoffman Strategic Account ManagerRon Hoffman, Strategic Account Manager
EPA Workshop: Phoenix, AZ
February 4, 2009
www.wika.com/sf6
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
State-of-the-Art SF6 Tracking
The SF6 Emission Monitoring Pyramid
� Online monitoring & trending using thermal image gas temperature
� Remote display using average temperature
� Event-based using average ttemperatture
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Emission Monitoring - Reactive
Overview Reactive Monitoring
� Infrared Camera For details, please speak with
� Leak Locators vendors of these products. We have omitted them due to � Mass Balance (Inventories) time constraints.
� Flow Measurement
� Temperature Compensated Pressure (Density)
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Emission Monitoring - Reactive
Temperature-Compensated Pressure � Measured at the tank or inside the control cabinet
� When measured: Constantly, only need to manually take the reading whenever desired
�� CostCost
� No material costs (hermetically sealed & temperature-compensated monitor/indicator needed)
� Ongoing personnel/misc Ongoing personnel/misc. costs� costs � Pros/Cons
� Instruments already required for SF6-insulated breakers � Can use Leakage Calculation program to quantifyCan use Leakage Calculation program to quantify
emissions � Low/no investment cost � Dials typically with temperature-compensated pressure,
not density (conversion by hand or automatic vianot density (conversion by hand or automatic via software)
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
: 47.25 kg/m³
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Emission Monitoring - Reactive
Temperature-Compensated Pressure
Initial Pressure (Compensated) Initial Pressure (Compensated) : 90.1 PSI : 90.1 PSI Actual Pressure (Compensated) : 88.6 PSI Initial Gas Mass 100 % : 11.520 kg Tank Volume : 0.240 m³
Difference : 0.75 kg/m³
Lost SF6 Mass : 0.75 kg/m³ · 0.240 m³
Lost SF6 Mass : 0.180 kg
After 3 Years, the conclusion is:
1 6 % in 3 Years is a loss of 0 53 % of the gas mass per year 1.6 % in 3 Years is a loss of 0.53 % of the gas mass per year
Ö Tank lost 60 gr / yr or 2 116 oz/yr Ö Tank lost 60 gr. / yr. or 2.116 oz/yr
90 PSI
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Emission Monitoring - Reactive
Temperature-Compensated Pressure
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Emission Monitoring - Reactive
Summary Reactive Monitoring
� All processes are time-intense, requiring regular time investment
� Data has to be measured and information calculated
� MMore ffrequent measurements requiire addi i dditionall tiime commiitment
� Up-front investment cost varies depending on the solution
� Not designed to notify of small leaks early on for proactive maintenance � Not designed to notify of small leaks early-on for proactive maintenance
NOTE: Case study “Costs of Reactive Monitoring” available at www.wika.com/sf6 in the “Gas Management For the Smart Grid” archived presentation
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
The SF6 Emission Monitoring Pyramid
Emission Monitoring Solutions Automated
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
�
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Emission Monitoring – Automated
Emission Monitoring Solutions Automated
� Measured at the tank with remote signal (density) Measured at the tank with remote signal (density)
� Communicated away from the tank
� Analysis of the raw signal is done manually
� When measured: Constantly
� Cost (New & Retrofit)
� LLow, onlly chhange off spec nee ddedd f for iinsttrumentt +
infrastructure changes (wiring/piping/communication) � Pros/ConsPros/Cons
� Information is sent remotely � Better maintenance planning � Emission reduction potential through knowledge of
actual grid situation � Quantifying emissions requires personal analysis or
custom software � Change of engineering spec needed
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Emission Monitoring – Automated
Automated Emission Monitoring Illustration
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
State-of-the-Art Emission Tracking
Proactive Monitoring using a SF6 Gas Management System
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
State-of-the-Art Emission Tracking
Pressure and Temperature MeasurementWhat is a Gas Management System?
� A GMS has core components that operate according to the “MCA-principle”
� Measurement at the tank (including thermal image of the gas temperature)
� Communication away from the tank to a remote location
� Data acquisition and Analysis tools to display real time information
Raw data Analyzed data
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EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
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Pressure and Temperature Measurement
State-of-the-Art Emission Tracking
Gas Management Live
Fill Density
Transmitter signal w/trend & base lines
Alarm Density
Lockout Density
NOTE: mount transmitter directly on the tank for best results
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
t
State-of-the-Art Emission Tracking
S l L f Wi l GMS Sample Layout of Wireless GMS Pressure and Temperature Measurement
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EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
te a ue added dset eeded
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
State-of-the-Art Emission Tracking
SF6 Gas Management System
� Measured at the tank with remote signals (density & thermal tank temperature) � Measured at the tank with remote signals (density & thermal tank temperature)
� Communicated away from the tank
� Analysis of raw signals minimizes any temperature disbalance (i.e. cabinet heaters) & calculates emission trends
� When measured: Constantly
� Cost (new & retrofit): � Cost (new & retrofit):
� Change of spec needed for instrument + scope of GMS Communication & Analysis (including possible wiring/piping/communication infrastructure)
� Pros/Cons� Pros/Cons
� Proactive grid maintenance possible � Emission reduction potential through knowledge of actual grid situation � External influences compensated via softwareinfluences compensated via softwareExternal � Fully customizable for retrofit or new installations (including wireless
communication) � Change of engineering spec needed � Long-term,, v alue added mindset neededo g
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
The SF6 Emission Monitoring Pyramid
Reaching the Summit
� SF6 gas emissions can be calculated in many ways
� Recent technological advances enable a utility to choose the wisest way to invest for the long-term
� Methodology decisions deppend ongy regulations as well as available financial and personnel resources
EPA Workshop 2009: SF6 Emission Monitoring