Hi!How’re

you today?

Learning Vocabulary in Context

Aficionado

• I’m an aficionado of classical music. I listen to classical music every day. I think, there is never a day without classical music.

Humongous

• I have a humongous appetite of Padang Food. When I eat Padang Food, I always eat a lot.

Learning Targets

• Interpreting meaning from context

Context Clues: What and Why?

What?• Clues or signs that are

directly or indirectly stated to help guess meanings of ideas or words

• Types of clues:– Verbal Clues: words or

sentences around the target idea/word

– Non-verbal clues: picture, intonation, punctuation

Why?• Help you to understand

meaning of words and ideas in a passage.

For example:Read each sentence and guess the meaning of the bold-

printed word.

1. Segregation based on race, ethnicity, or sex is discriminatory and should be outlawed.

2. There is a great disparity between the rich and the poor.

3. Don’t feel abashed when you make a mistake.4. I must be in concert with my co-workers, or we

will never achieve our goal.5. In the Fall, apples are everywhere in Minnesota.

They are available in copious amount.

Context Clues: How?

1. Definition2. Examples3. Explanations4. Synonyms5. Antonyms6. Indirect clues

1. Definition

• The author gives you the meaning of the word in the sentence

• The meaning is given in parentheses, between commas or after a dash (-)

e.g.The smallest unit of light is called Photon.

Goggle, glasses used for diving, should be used whenever you are underwater.

The book of logic contained many conundrums –mind-exercising puzzles

2. Examples

• Look for examples of the word in the sentence

e.g.• The English language has lots of homophones,

such as two/too, bear/bare, him/hymn, and soar/sore.

3. Explanation

• Katie is always infallible in math class because she had never gotten a problem wrong.

– Never wrong– Never right– Wrong– Incorrect

4. Synonym

Look for a word or phrase in another part of the sentence that has a similar meaning to the word you don’t know.

For example:Gary was astonished when he won the lottery, and James was just as surprised.

5. Antonyms

• Look for word or phrase in another part of the sentence that has the opposite meaning of the word you don’t know.

e.g.• Tom was anxious about the test, but Tina was

calm.• Jason was told to be respectful to his teachers;

however, he is often insolent.

6. Indirect Clues

Analyze the language around the unfamiliar word.

e.g.• The professor was a favorite among the students

at the college. His sagacity was helpful to them as they pursued their degrees. The professor was known to make the lectures interesting by using his experience, insight, and common sense.

Try this!

• Meltzer, Marilyn and Marcus Palau, Reading and Study Strategies for Nursing Students, WB Saunders Company, 1993, pp 54-55

Exercise 5-7: Number 1

Intractable pain is resistant to cure or relief. An example is the pain of arthritis, for which narcotic analgesics are contraindicated because of the long duration of the disease and the risk of addiction. Behavior modification is used in some cases of intractable pain. Behavior that is not pain-oriented is rewarded, and pain oriented behavior is ignored. The aim of this technique is to change behavior so that the client can live more comfortable and productively (Kozier et al., p. 603)

Intractable pain means _____________________________

Behavior modification means ________________________

Exercise 5-7: Number 2

The instruments and radioisotpes (radioactive tracers) used in nuclear medicine are constantly changing but the fundamental principles remain the same. A basic principle is that body constituents are dynamic not static. Isotopes enter into the same chemical reactions and metabolic processes as stable elements (Kozier et al., p. 492)

Radioisitopes means _______________________

Dynamic means ___________________________

Exercise 5-7: Number 3• The nursing process has some of the characteristics of an open

system. It is open, flexible and dynamic. It is planned and goal directed: it interacts with the environment; and it emphasizes feedback. The nursing process can be viewed as a system with input, throughout, output and feedback. Input (data) from the client and nurse is transformed by the processes of analyzing, planning and implementing, all of which are throughput. The output (client’s response) is then evaluated (Kozier and Erb, p. 143).

• Nursing process means ___________________• Input means ____________________________• Output means ___________________________

Exercise 5-7: Number 4• Using good body mechanics promotes musculoskeletal

functioning, reduces the energy required to move and maintain balance and decreases parts in relation to each other. Good alignment promotes optimal balance and maximal body function in whatever position the client assumes. Proper body alignment enhances lung expansion and promotes efficient circumlatory, renal and gastrointestinal function. Conversely, poor body alignment detracts from a pleaseing appearance and affects an individual’s health adversely (Kozier and Erb, p. 558)

• Body alignment means ________________________• Optimal means ______________________________• Adversely means _____________________________

Exercise 5-7 • Sleep apnea is the periodic cessation of breathing during sleep.

This disorder needs to be assessed by a sleep expert, but it is often suspected when the person has obstructive snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sometimes insomnia. The periods of apnea, which last from 10 seconds to 3 minutes, occur during REM or NREM sleep. Frequency of episodes range from 50 to 600 per night. These apneic episodes drain the period of energy and lead to excessive daytime sleepiness (Kozier and Erb, p. 598)

• Sleep apnea means ________________________• Assessed means ___________________________• Frequency means __________________________

Go to Page 138

Try the Pre-listening Vocabulary Exercise.

IMMIGRATIONUnit 9

What can you conclude about the picture?Make one sentence about the picture!

Traveling Abroad

• What do you need to prepare for a trip abroad?

Paperwork?Clothing?Anything else?

Studying Abroad

What do you need to prepare when you want to study abroad?

Getting Familiar

• Application• School Transcript• Admission Test• Financial document• Letter of

recommendation• Student visa

Culture Shock

• What is culture Shock?• What are the examples?• When do people

experience Culture Shock?

• Have you ever experienced culture shock?

Dialog

• Create a dialog about culture shock!

INTEGRATED SPEAKING

PP.148-149

Around the World!

Country, language, food, places of interest, Currency?

Group Work: Preparation

• Each group is assigned a country.

• Prepare arguments to make people come and visit the place you are assigned to.

• Prepare a list of questions to ask other groups about their countriesTime: 15 Minutes

Which country do you decide to go? Explain Briefly with some details!

Thank you!