Post on 03-Jan-2016
Sentence Parts and Phrases
Sentence
• A group of words that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
Sentence Fragment
•When a group of words DOES NOT contain a subject and a verb or DOES not express a complete thought
Subject
• Tells whom or what the sentence is about
• ****CAN NEVER BE IN A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE***
• COMPLETE SUBJECT: is the subject (nouns, pronoun, gerund, or infinitive) and all of its modifiers
• SIMPLE SUBJECT (s): the main word or group of words in the complete subject
Predicate
• Tells something about the subject
• COMPLETE PREDICATE: verb plus all of its modifiers
• SIMPLE PREDICATE (av, lv, or hv): the verb or verb phrase (main verb plus its helping verbs)
SIMPLE SUBJECT (s)• The “who” or “what” of the verb• Ex: the dog with spots likes to bark loudly. (dog is
the simple subject)• Must be noun (n), pronoun (pro), gerund (ger), or
infinitive (inf)• Can never be in a prepositional phrase• THERE and HERE are never the subject of a sentence• The subject can be an “understood you”. Ex: Bring
me the remote control, please. (YOU is who brings it.)
COMPLETE SUBJECT (underlined once)
• Simple subject plus its modifiers• Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark
loudly.• Dependent clauses modifying the
subject are part of the complete subject of the independent clause. (Ex: The dog that has spots likes to bark.)
SIMPLE PREDICATE/VERB• Transitive verb (vt): takes a direct
object (ex: We love English.)• Intransitive verb (vi): does not
take a direct object (ex: Please sit down.)• All linking verbs (lv) are
intransitive
COMPLETE PREDICATE (underline twice)
• Verb plus its modifiers• Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark
loudly.• Dependent clauses modifying the verb
are part of the complete predicate of the independent clause.
• Ex: The dog likes to bark when I’m asleep.
COMPLEMENT• Completes the meaning of the subject and
verb• Types:– Direct object (do)– Indirect object (io)– Predicate nominative (pn)– Predicate adjective (pa)
DIRECT OBJECT (do)• Is a noun or pronoun and is never in
a prepositional phrase• Follows an action verb• To find it, say “subject, verb, what?”
or “subject, verb, whom?”• Ex: I like English. “I like what?”
English is the direct object
INDIRECT OBJECT (io)• Is a noun or pronoun and is never in a
prepositional phrase• Comes before a direct object and after
the verb• To find it, say “subject, verb, direct
object, to or for whom or what?”• Ex: He gave me the paper. “He gave
paper to whom?” Me is the indirect object.
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE (pn)• Is a noun or pronoun• Follows a linking verb and renames
subject• To find it, say “subject, verb, what or
who?”• Ex: He is a nice guy. “He is what?”
Guy is the predicate nominative
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE (pa)• Is an adjective• Follows a linking verb and describes
the subject• To find it, say “subject, linking verb,
what?”• Ex. He is nice. “He is what?” Nice is
the predicate adjective.
APPOSITIVE (app)• Noun or pronoun that follows
and renames another noun or pronoun• Ex. My son Beck likes trains.
Beck is an appositive.
APPOSITIVE PHRASE (app ph)
• Noun or pronoun (along with modifiers) that follows and renames another noun or pronoun• Ex. Ansley, my daughter, loves to
dance. My daughter is the appositive phrase.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (prep ph)
• Group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun
• Can act as and adjective (ex: I want a room with a view.) or adverb (ex: His house is on the lake.)
• Must be next to the noun or pronoun it modifies.
OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION (op)
• Follows preposition and tells “what?” or “whom?”
• Ex: The key is under the rug. “Under what?” Rug is the object of the preposition.
• If there is no object, it is NOT a preposition. Ex. Please stand up. (Up is an adverb.)
NOUN OF DIRECT ADDRESS (nda)
• Person being spoken to in a sentence• Ex: Mom, I’m hungry. Mom is the
nda.• Ex: Go clean your room, Rebekah.
Rebekah is the nda.
INFINITIVE PHRASE (inf ph)
•Infinitive plus its modifiers and objects•Ex: He likes to eat pepperoni pizza.
OBJECT OF THE INFINITIVE (obj inf)
• Follows infinitive and tells “what?”• Ex: I want to eat pizza. “to eat
what?” Pizza is the object of the infinitive.