Post on 16-Jan-2016
description
Seminarium
Zarządzanie PrędkościąSpeed Management
17 – 18.10.2013
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Technical Guidelines forSetting Speed Limits in Austria
Presentation of Draft Version
Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard REITER
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Written by members of the sub-group “Transportation experts”
“Österreichische Forschungsgesellschaft Straße – Schiene – Verkehr” (FSV) – Austrian Association for Research on Road, Rail and Transport
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
DRAFT VERSIONLast discussion in sub-group in November
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
published by Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology
The main objective is to reduce the number of fatalities by 50% up to 2020.
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Source: European Union
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
In 2012 the percentage of inappropriate speed is 33%
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Speed limits in Austria
highways
beyond built-up areas
50 km/h within built-up areas
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Speed measurement 2012 by KFVsite number of
vehicleslimit 85 percentile
speedpercentage of exceeding 2012
percentage ofexceeding 2006
Within built-up areas
6313 30 41 68,2 71,2
Within built-up areas
7720 50 55 37,9 54,6
Beyond built-up areas
5435 70 77 38,7 36,3
Beyond built-up areas
5165 80 87 41,4 28,1
Beyond built-up areas
6611 100 105 35,4 21,3
highways 7606 130 134 39,7 23,0
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Enforcement by police 2012
radar 3.751.531
laser 782.193
other devices (video, section control, traffic control system, personal notice)
274.564
total 4.808.288
Data from Federal Ministry of the Interior BM.I
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
• Speeding in Austria is often seen as trivial offence
• Speeding is not one of the 13 risk-encumbered recordable offences
• Low exceeding of speedYou probably get no fine for driving up to more than 10 km/h additional to technical tolerance of devices for measuring speed because police and authorities could give you a warning when blame is marginal and consequences are minor
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Fines
* and revocation of the driving license (2 weeks / 6 weeks / 3 months)
speeding fine
Highways (more than 130 km/h) Up to more than 10 km/h € 20 in situ€ 30 anonymous
11 to 20 km/h € 35 in situ€ 45 anonymous
21 to 30 km/h € 50 in situ€ 60 anonymous
All roads More than 30 km/h € 70 in situ€ 70 to 2.180 by authority
Within built-up areas More than 40 km/h € 150 to 2.180*
Beyond built-up areas More than 50 km/h € 150 to 2.180*
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Why do we need a technical guideline for setting speed limits in Austria?
Speed limits and the procedure for setting them are laid down in the Straßenverkehrsordnung
(StVO 1960 - Austrian road traffic act)
Legislation is done by the federal parliamentEnforcement is the duty of the 9 states (federalist principle)
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
The 9 states have different approaches and focuses on road safety measures.
So technical guidelines set by states are not quite the sameand technical guidelines (on speed) have often a policy approach,
which disagrees with prevailing legal norms
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Historic approachesCity of GrazIn 1992 there was set a city-wide 30 km/h speed limit except for priority
roadsLed to an amendment to the StVO in 1994
Tyrol80 km/h for all streets beyond build-up areas except for highwaysabrogation of the regulation by Constitutional Court
year accidents injuries fatalities
1991 2543 3055 9
2011 2023 2456 4
- 20% - 20% - 45%
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
RVS - Austrian Code for the design, construction and maintenance of roads
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Contents
• General Principles and Terminology• Legal Requirements • Set the Right Limit• Measuring and Data Interpretation• Effectiveness and Evaluation• Announcement by Traffic Signs
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
General Principles
• A speed limit should be the last action to reduce speed.
• You have to check other possibilities to rise traffic safety or rather to lower the speed.
• You have to check improvement by design or the use of warning signs, markers, guideposts, lines etc.
• Roads should be self explaining• Prefer the principle of guiding not the principle of inhibition
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Legal Requirements
• Speed limits must be obligatory.• It is insufficient to show that speed limits make sense.• Speed limits must be a suitable instrument for solving a safety problem.• Definition of speed limit: numerical value, where, when, which weather
or road conditions, vehicle category
Exception for built-up area-wide speed limits (not for speed limit zones) here the state of science for setting speed limits to improve traffic safety is
legal standard - speed limits must not be obligatory
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Approach for Checking the Requirement of Speed Limits
• Check all steps as described in the following figure
• Check other technical guidelines where required
• Check new criteria if there are no regulations in guidelines
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Set the Right Limit - existing guidelines dealing with speed
RVS 02.02.32 Application basics for Traffic Experts RVS 05.03.11 Road Markings
RVS 03.01.11 Assessment of the Road Traffic Flow RVS 05.04.31 Traffic Signals
RVS 03.02.12 Pedestrian Traffic RVS 09.01.21 Tunnel Alignment Design
RVS 03.02.13 Bicycle Traffic RVS 09.01.22 Tunnel Cross-Sections
RVS 03.03.23 Alignment Design RVS 09.01.25 Tunnel Entrance Area
RVS 03.03.31 Cross-Sections (beyond built-up areas) RVS 09.02.22 Tunnel Equipment
RVS 03.04.12 Cross-Sections (within built-up areas) RVS 09.03.11 Tunnel Methodology of Risk-Analysis
RVS 03.05.12 T-junctions RVS 05.02.31 Vehicle Restraint Systems
RVS 03.05.13 Grade-separated Junctions RVS 15.04.71 Bridges Vehicle Restraint Systems
RVS 03.05.14 Roundabouts RVS 08.16.01 Requirements for Bituminous Courses - Grip
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Set the right limit - new specifications for
pedestrians in longitudinal direction without pavementcriteria: number of pedestrians per hour and per day
is there an pavementwithin or beyond built-up areas
pedestrian crossings beyond zebra crossings and junctionscriteria: number of pedestrians per hour and per day
within or beyond built-up areas
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Set the Right Limit - new specifications for
junctions with no turn or acceleration lanescriteria: number of vehicles per hour and per day on main road
within or beyond built-up areas
pavement and accident occurrencegravel roads 30 to 50 km/h according to risk
situationroad damages according to risk situation
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Set the Right Limit - new specifications for
pavement and accident occurrence
reduced road gripcalculation method described in appendix 7 and 7a“spot mass model” with comparison of reference value with
actual grip value (μ)calculation of stopping distance with model assumptions of the Austrian rating background 2007 for “Griptester”
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Set the Right Limit - new specifications for
pavement and accident occurrence
rut depth
Speed limits depending on water film thicknessfigure: dependency between water film thickness and 85
percentile speedAdditional figure for estimation of water film thickness if only rut depth is known
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Measuring and Data Interpretation
• Measurement time 24 hours (better one week)• minimum 150 vehicles per travel direction• Driving in free motion is specified with 8 seconds time gap• Measurement with side radar:
discretely for each travel direction if the daily traffic volume is over 5000 vehicles
• Data interpretationappendix 3 shows statistical evaluation methods with
examples
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Effectiveness and Evaluation
• Generally speed limits should be evaluated.
• Criteria are the compliance of speed limits and influence on traffic safety.
• Before-and-after studies are recommended.
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Announcement of Regulations by Traffic Signs
• Recognition of traffic signs – formula for minimal sight distanceThat means a clear sign posting is essential.
• Distance between repeated traffic signs should be app. 1 minute• Overlapping of different regulations here: speed limit and no passing
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Announcement of Regulations by Traffic Signs
• Distance between two sections with speed limits should be more than 20 seconds of driving time (lower speed limit)
• Built-up area-wide speed limit
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Overlapping Speed Limit with Built-up Area
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Annex 1 Scheme for on-site findings
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Annex 1
Traffic situationroad function, traffic volume, modal split, speed, other regulations
Site and road conditionsalignment, cross-sections, longitudinal slope, cross slope, tunnels and bridges, shoulder, surface drainage, road surface conditions, crossings, bus stops, parking, structural traffic calming, visibility conditions, lateral obstacles, access roads, junctions, level crossings, plantings
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Road equipmenttraffic signs, road markings, vehicle restraint systems, traffic lights, road lighting, glare shields, guiding devices
Road surroundingssurrounding property, traffic relevant information, other information (e.g. advertising), plantings
Accidents and conflictsaccident black spot
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Enforcement - Examples
Styria
Campaign “Zero tolerance” in built-up areas esp. close to schools and kindergartens
Campaign started just a few weeks ago.Local authorities have the order to name critical sites for intensified enforcement by police. Just technical tolerance of devices is accepted in these areas.
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Enforcement – Examples
Section Control
Source: ASFINAG
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Section Control in Austria
Stationary systemsA 22 Donauufer Autobahn – Kaisermühlentunnel(since 2003)A 2 Süd Autobahn: Krumbach – Grimmenstein (only towards Vienna)A 2 Süd Autobahn – EhrentalerbergtunnelA 9 Pyhrn Autobahn – Plabutschtunnel (since 2011)
Mobile systemsA 9 Pyhrn Autobahn - Bosrucktunnel (road works until 2015)A 2 Tunnelkette Klagenfurt (road works)
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Reduction of average speedCars about 10 km/hHGV about 15 km/h
Accidentsdecline of around 50%
Violation of speed limits in the Plabutschtunnel100 per day in the beginningnow about 15 per day
GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013
Thank you!