Semantics Homework

Ex 1, 2, 5-8, 10, 11

Exercise 1-1The referents of pronouns

• Which words are shifting referentsa. I am going to eat lunch.b. You look nice today.c. He was late for class.d. We are busy tonight.e. They have a new car.

Exercise 1-2

• Add a sentence to make the referent clear.a. My name is Nathalie. I am going to

eat lunch.b. I love you, my wonderful husband.

You look nice today.

Exercise 1-2

• Add a sentence to make the referent clear.d. Fred hasn’t changed. He was late for

class.e. My husband and I do ministry on

Thursdays. We are busy tonight.f. I am so happy for Christian and

Nathalie. They have a new car

Exercise 2-1 The Semantic Properties of Words

• What are the semantic properties of the words:a. Woman - girl = human, femaleb. Mother – Father = human, parentc. Sister – Brother = Human, Child,

Sibling

Exercise 2-1 The Semantic Properties of Words

• What are the semantic properties of the words:d. Car – Bicycle – motorcycle – bus –

Truck = Vehicle, Mode of transportation

e. Cat, Dog, Goldfish, Parakeet, Hamster = Animal, Domestic animal

Exercise 2-2

• Write a chart using the + and – system to show the semantic properties of each set of words in a through e.

Please see answer key at the back of the textbook.

Exercise 5Hyponyms

1. Sedan, coupe, hathback, convertible, SUV, minivan = hyponyms of the words CAR

2. Daisy, primrose, carnation, rose = hyponyms of the words FLOWER

3. Hammer, screwdriver, drill, pliers = hyponyms of the words TOOL

Exercise 5Hyponyms

4. Hyponyms of the word APPLIANCE = stove, fridge, freezer, etc.

5. Hyponyms of the word FRUIT = strawberry, apple, orange, etc.

6. Hyponyms of the word FURNITURE = sofa, bed, coffee table, etc.

Exercise 6-1Synonyms

• Explain the difference between each synonym:a. Student = one who is learningb. Pupil = one who is under the tutelage of a

famous instructorc. Carry = to move while supportingd. Tote = to carry by hand : bear on the

person

Exercise 6-1

• Explain the difference between each synonym:e. Backpack = a load carried on the back f. Knapsack = a bag (as of canvas or nylon)

strapped on the back and used for carrying supplies or personal belongings

g. Day pack = A rather small, lightweight backpack for carrying articles such as books.

Exercise 6-2

• Explain the difference between each synonym:a. Child = a young person especially between

infancy and youth b. Kid = a young person; often used as a

generalized reference to one especially younger or less experienced

c. Slept = to rest in a state of sleep d. Napped = to sleep briefly especially during the

day

Exercise 6-2

• Explain the difference between each synonym:e. Deeply = characterized by profundity of feeling

or qualityf. Soundly = deep and undisturbedg. Bed = piece of furniture on or in which to lie and

sleeph. Cot = a small usually collapsible bed often of

fabric stretched on a frame

Exercise 7-1Homonyms

• Other homonym pairs:a. Bear (animal) and bear (carry)b. lean (thin) and lean (rest against)c. lap (to drink with tongue) and lap (a

circuit)d. miss (unmarried woman) and miss (to

overlook)

Exercise 7-1Homonyms

Homophones:a. arc - curve

ark – Noah’s boatb. ate – chewed up and swallowed

eight – number after sevenc. bare - uncovered

bear – grizzly animald. cent – penny coin

sent – did send

Exercise 7-2

• Make a pun using homonyms:–I missed out on Miss Out –I miss Miss Mismark.

Exercise 7-3

• Explain how homonyms are different from polysemous words.i. Homonyms: unrelated meaningii. Polysemous: related meaning

Exercise 8-1Antonyms

• What kind of antonyms are these:a. True/False: Gradable / Relationalb. Bright/Dark: Gradablec. Over/Under: Relationald. Married/Single: Relationale. Doctor/Patient: Relationalf. Stop/Go: Relationalg. Tall/Short: Gradableh. Buy/Sell: Relational

Exercise 8-2

• Make up a complementary pair using each of the following prefixes:a. Un- : Washable / Un-washableb. Non- : Existent / Nonexistentc. In- : Curable / Incurable

Exercise 8-3

• What larger set do gradable antonyms belong to?–ADJECTIVES

Exercise 8-4

• Write sentences to show the symmetry of relational antonyms:a. The doctor saw the patient.b. They bought the house that was being

sold.

Exercise 8-5

• Using the suffixes “-er” and “-ee” make up relational antonyms:a. Farmer & Farmee: The farmer tended to

the farmees.b. Dresser & Dressee: The dresser clothes the

dressee.

Pragmatics Homework

Exercise 10 - 1

• Explain the social meaning of each of the following utterances.a. Howdy, Ma’am! speaker from Sothern

USb. And like this guy, like he’s so like cute.

speaker is a young girl/teen/young adultc. Way cool! speaker is a hippie

Exercise 10 - 1

• Explain the social meaning of each of the following utterances.d. Chill out, dude. speaker is uneducatede. In my day, we didn’t do things like that.

speaker is an older personf. So, he walks into the cube farm and tells

me that I am uninstalled. speaker is a trechy

Exercise 10 - 2

• Write three pairs of sentences that have the same referential meaning but different affective meanings.a. I met the Prime Minister. b. I encountered the honorable Stephen Harperc. I bumped into our national leader.

Exercise 10 - 3

• “Yea, right.”

“Right” has a sarcastic connotation to it, meaning “as if” or “I don’t think so”.

“Yea” can also be used with a sarcastic connotation, meaning the same thing.

The meaning/sense is determined by the context and way of saying it.

Exercise 11

1. Apologizing: I’m sorry

2. Firing: You’re fired!

3. Hiring: You’re hired!

4. Daring: I dare you to …

Exercise 11

5. Challenging: I challenge you to … / Bet you can’t …

6. Promising: I promise to …

7. Telling: I’m telling you that …

8. Requesting: Could you please give me …