Section 6.1

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Today…1. Pick up

a. 2 Periodic Tables b. 6 different colored pencils

2. 1st periodic table includes: a. metal, nonmetal, metalloid p. 154

3. 2nd periodic table includes: a. alkali, alkaline earth, b. transition, inner transition, c. halogens, noble gases

4. After coloring, start working on today’s agenda – 6.1

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Section 6-1The Modern Periodic Table (cont.)

Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids1

2

3

4

5

6

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Metals

Metalloids

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 349

Nonmetals

Alkali metals (not H) (1)Alkaline earth metals (1)Transition metals (1)

Halogens (1)Noble gasses (1)Inner transition (1)

G VIIAVIAVAIVAIIIAIIAVIIAIA

Properties of Elements Lab (10pts)

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Appearance Conducts

Element Color Shiny Dull yes no Metal Nonmetal

Summarize the properties in one paragraph (explain the difference between metals and nonmetals?) (5pts)

AgendaDevelopment of the Modern Periodic Table

Standard: 1a, 1b (p.152 & 155)Articles: 152, 172Terms: 151Mastering Concepts: 174 (26 – 40)HomeworkCornell Notes: 6.1Section Assessment: 158 (1 – 5)

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Section 6-1Section 6.1 Development of the Modern Periodic Table

Trace the development of the periodic table.

atomic number: the number of protons in an atom

Identify key features of the periodic table.

The periodic table evolved over time as scientists discovered more useful ways to compare and organize the elements.

Section 6-1Section 6.1 Development of the Modern Periodic Table (cont.)

periodic lawgroupperiodrepresentative elementstransition elementsmetalalkali metalsalkaline earth metals

transition metalinner transition metallanthanide seriesactinide seriesnonmetalshalogennoble gasmetalloid

Properties of Elements Lab (10pts)

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Appearance Conducts

Element Color Shiny Dull yes no Metal Nonmetal

Summarize the properties in one paragraph (explain the difference between metals and nonmetals?) (5pts)

Section 6-1Development of the Periodic Table

In the 1700s, Lavoisier compiled a list of all the known elements of the time.

Section 6-1Development of the Periodic Table (cont.)

The 1800s brought large amounts of information and scientists needed a way to organize knowledge about elements.

John Newlands proposed an arrangement where elements were ordered by increasing atomic mass.

Section 6-1Development of the Periodic Table (cont.)

Newlands noticed when the elements were arranged by increasing atomic mass, their properties repeated every eighth element.

Section 6-1Development of the Periodic Table (cont.)

Meyer and Mendeleev both demonstrated a connection between atomic mass and elemental properties.

Moseley rearranged the table by increasing atomic number, and resulted in a clear periodic pattern.

Periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number is called periodic law.

Section 6-1Development of the Periodic Table (cont.)

Section 6-1The Modern Periodic Table

The modern periodic table contains boxes which contain the element's name, symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.

Section 6-1The Modern Periodic Table (cont.)

Columns of elements are called groups.

Rows of elements are called periods.

Elements in groups 1,2, and 13-18 possess a wide variety of chemical and physical properties and are called the representative elements.

Elements in groups 3-12 are known as the transition metals.

Section 6-1The Modern Periodic Table (cont.)

Elements are classified as metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

Metals are elements that are generally shiny when smooth and clean, solid at room temperature, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Alkali metals are all the elements in group 1 except hydrogen, and are very reactive.

Alkaline earth metals are in group 2, and are also highly reactive.

Section 6-1The Modern Periodic Table (cont.)

The transition elements are divided into transition metals and inner transition metals.

The two sets of inner transition metals are called the lanthanide series and actinide series and are located at the bottom of the periodic table.

Section 6-1The Modern Periodic Table (cont.)

Non-metals are elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Group 17 is composed of highly reactive elements called halogens.

Group 18 gases are extremely unreactive and commonly called noble gases.

Section 6-1The Modern Periodic Table (cont.)

Metalloids have physical and chemical properties of both metals and non-metals, such as silicon and germanium.

Section 6-1The Modern Periodic Table (cont.)

26. Explain how Mendeleev’s periodic table was in error. How was this error fixed? (6.1)

Mendeleev used atomic mass instead of atomic number to order the elements. This resulted in some elements being out of order. Moseley used atomic number.

27. Explain the contribution of Newlands’s law of octaves to the development of the modern periodic table. (6.1)

Newlands introduced the idea of periodically repeating properties.

28. German chemist Lothar Meyer and Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev both proposed similar periodic tables in 1869. Why is Mendeleev generally given credit for the periodic table? (6.1)

Mendeleev’s work was published first, he did more to show periodic trends, and he predicted properties of several yet-to-be- discovered elements.

29. How was Mendeleev’s periodic table organized? (6.1) 29. The elements were arranged by increasing atomic mass into columns with similar properties.

30. What is the periodic law? (6.1)

When the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties.

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31. Identify each of the following as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. (6.1) a. Oxygen a. nonmetal

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b. Bariumb. metal

32

c. Germaniummetalloid

34

d. Ironmetal

36

e. Neon nonmetal

38

f. Praseodymiummetal

32. Describe the general characteristics of metals. (6.1)

Metals are generally dense, solid, shiny, ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

33. Match each numbered item on the right with the lettered item that it is related to on the left. (6.1)a. alkali metals 1. group 8A b. Halogens 2. group 1A c. alkaline earth metals 3. group 2A d. noble gases 4. group 7A

33. Match each numbered item on the right with the lettered item that it is related to on the left. (6.1)a. alkali metals 1. group 8A b. Halogens 2. group 1A c. alkaline earth metals 3. group 2A d. noble gases 4. group 7A

33. Match each numbered item on the right with the lettered item that it is related to on the left. (6.1)a. alkali metals 1. group 8A b. Halogens 2. group 1A c. alkaline earth metals 3. group 2A d. noble gases 4. group 7A

33. Match each numbered item on the right with the lettered item that it is related to on the left. (6.1)a. alkali metals 1. group 8A b. Halogens 2. group 1A c. alkaline earth metals 3. group 2A d. noble gases 4. group 7A

33. Match each numbered item on the right with the lettered item that it is related to on the left. (6.1)a. alkali metals 1. group 8A b. Halogens 2. group 1A c. alkaline earth metals 3. group 2A d. noble gases 4. group 7A

34. Identify each of the elements in problem 31 as a representative element or a transition element. (6.1)

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34. Identify each of the following as a representative element or a transition element. (6.1)

a. Oxygen a. representative element

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b. Bariumb. representative element

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c. Germaniumrepresentative element

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d. Irontransition element

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e. Neon representative element

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f. Praseodymiumtransition element

35. Sketch a simplified periodic table and use labels to identify the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, inner transition metals, noble gases, and halogens. (6.1)

See the Solutions Manual for a sample table.

36.A shiny solid element also is ductile. What side of the periodic table is it likely to be found? (6.1)

properties describe a metal; left of the stair step line

37.What are the general properties of a metalloid? List three metalloid elements. (6.1)

Metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At) are metalloids.

38. What is the purpose of the heavy stair-step line on the periodic table? (6.1)

the line separates metals from nonmetals. Most elements bordering the line are metalloids.

39.Describe the two types of numbering used to identify groups on the periodic table. (6.1)

One system uses

1A– 8A for representative elements, and 1B–10B for transition elements.

The other system numbers the columns 1–18 left to right.

40. Give the chemical symbol of each of the following elements. (6.1)a. the two elements that are liquids at

room temperatureBr, Hg;

b. the noble gas with the greatest atomic mass Rn

c. any metal from group 4ASn or Pb

d. any inner transition metalelements 58–71 or 90–103