Section 4

Each colony given a charter by the king

King had ultimate authority Privy Council ( royal advisors) set

English colony policies

Each colony had a governor Royal colonies governors selected by

king/queen Proprietary colonies-proprietors chose

governor Some colonies elected the governor

Some colonies had elected assemblies• Make laws and policies

Laws had to be approved by advisory council and the governor

First colonial legislature ( 1619) Split into two houses Council of State-governor’s advisory

council and the London company selected members

House of Burgesses-elected by the colonists

New England colonies had town meetings where people talked about and decided issues of local interest

Southern colonies typically made decisions at county level due to being far apart

Middle Colonies used both county and town meetings

1685 King James II takes over Wants more control of colonies Thought colonies too independent 1686 unites northern colonies under

the Dominion of New England• Sent Sir Edmund Andros to be royal

governor Colonists disliked him-he limited

colonial control

1689-replace King James and passed the English Bill of Rights reducing the power of the monarchy

Parliament gained power• Colonists value their elected

representatives• Want to decide local issues

Each colonial government had own courts

Often reflected beliefs of the colony Zenger trial-allows press to publish

whatever they want as long as it was true ( freedom of the press)

Mercantilism-a system of creating wealth through controlled trade• Want to have more exports than imports

Navigation Acts (1650-1696)-limited colonial trade• Forbid trade to countries other than England of certain things ( sugar, cotton)Must use English ships, ports, pay taxes etc.

Colonists did not like the acts~wanted to trade with whoever paid the highest price

Smuggling began to develop ( rum, sugar)

Molasses Act 1733-place duties(taxes) on items like rum, sugar, molasses~rarely enforced

By early 1700’s colonists trading around the world

A system of trade which good and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

Beef, manufactured good, rum, slaves

Middle Passage-route from Africa to the West Indies/Americas million of Africans died on the journey

A religious movement that swept through the colonies from 1730’s-1740’s

Changed social and religious beliefs Jonathon Edwards-Massachusetts

dramatic sermons Affected all colonies-often preached

about equality which leads to more equal society

1700’s spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society

Many new scientific discoveries Social contract between people and

government John Locke believed that all people

had natural rights like equality and liberty

Tension between colonists and Wampanoag (Metacomet (King Phillip) leader)

Colonial militia and Native Americans fight• Some Native Americans side with colonists• Algonquin side with French colonists~less

threatening than the English colonists Iroquois League-six Native American

groups allied with colonists for trade

France and Great Britain fighting for land in North America• British want Ohio River Valley for fur trade• French think the would harm fur trade

1753 fighting erupts George Washington leads troops

against French-builds Fort Necessity-loses the battle-start of French and Indian War

Albany Plan-united the colonies to fight together

Seven Year’s War starts in Europe Treaty of Paris 1763-end of war

• Britain gains Canada, all French land east of Mississippi River, Florida

• Changed the balance of power to British

Many small fights took place as the settlers moved into western lands

Chief Pontiac opposed British settlement of the Ohio Valley

Proclamation of 1763-bans British settlement West of the Appalachian Mountains and must leave upper Ohio valley