Transcript of Safety on Call CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS & ENTRY. Safety on Call WHAT YOU WILL LEARN What is a Confined...
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- Safety on Call CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS & ENTRY
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- Safety on Call WHAT YOU WILL LEARN What is a Confined Space
Hazards of Confined Spaces Basic Entry Requirements
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- Safety on Call GENERAL REQUIREMENTS All employees required to
enter confined or enclosed spaces must be instructed in: Nature of
the hazards. Necessary precautions to be taken. Use of protective
and emergency equipment.
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- Safety on Call WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE? Is large enough and so
configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned
work. Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for
example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and
pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry.) Is not
designed for continuous employee occupancy.
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- Safety on Call WHAT IS A PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE? A
Permit-required confined space is confined space that has one or
more of the following characteristics
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- Safety on Call PERMIT REQUIRED SPACES Contains or has a
potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere. Contains a material
that has the potential for engulfing an entrant. Has an internal
configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated
by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward
and tapers to a smaller cross- section. Contains any other
recognized serious safety or health hazard.
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- Safety on Call TYPICAL CONFINED SPACES Boilers & Furnaces
Pipelines Pits Process Vessel Silo & Storage Tanks Sewer &
Manholes Trenches & Excavations
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- Safety on Call HAZARDS OF CONFINED SPACES Atmospheric Physical
Configuration Mechanical Electrical Thermal Noise Vibration
Engulfment or Entrapment
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- Safety on Call CONTROLLING CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS Each Confined
Space has different hazards. Hazards can also change with time and
usage. Post signs to warn of the dangers. Use barriers to prevent
uncontrolled access Develop and use a written space entry
program.
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- Safety on Call CONTROLLING CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS Conduct air
monitoring and tests to identify and evaluate hazards. Define
acceptable entry conditions. Monitor entry conditions. Eliminate or
control the space's atmospheric hazards before entry. Lockout all
internal hazards prior to entry.
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- Safety on Call ENTRY POINT HAZARDS Small Openings make entry
and rescue difficult. Sharp edges can tear protective clothing or
air lines. Temporary ladders and vent gear can make even large
openings difficult to transit. Vertical entry points are fall
hazards.
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- Safety on Call VENTILATION NEEDED Deadly gases can be trapped
inside. Rotting Organic materials create hazardous gases. Pipe
leaks, welding, system material can create hazardous atmospheres.
Rust consumes the oxygen you need.
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- Safety on Call ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres Flammable Atmospheres Toxic Atmospheres
Corrosive Atmospheres Asphyxiating Atmospheres
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- Safety on Call OXYGEN DEFICIENT 19.5 % is the minimum
acceptable oxygen level for work with out an air supplied
respirator. 12-14% - Poor judgment. 10-12% - Lips blue Mental
Confusion. 8-10% - Fainting & Nausea. 6-8% - Causes Death.
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- Safety on Call ASPHYXIATING ATMOSPHERES Reduction of oxygen in
a confined space may be the result of either consumption or
displacement. Consumption of oxygen takes place during: Combustion
of flammable substances. Bacterial action, as in the fermentation
process. Chemical reactions as in the formation of rust.
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- Safety on Call OXYGEN ENRICHED Oxygen level above 21%. Causes
flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when ignited.
Such as: Hair, clothing, oil soaked materials. Never use pure
oxygen to ventilate. Never store or place compressed gas tanks in a
confined space.
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- Safety on Call FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES Required Factors: Oxygen
Flammable Gas, Vapor or Dust Ignition Source Welding Electric Tools
Sparks Smoking
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- Safety on Call FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES Caused by: Enriched oxygen
atmospheres. Vaporization of flammable liquids. Byproducts of work.
Chemical reactions. Concentrations of combustible dusts. Fumes from
chemicals on inner surfaces.
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- Safety on Call TOXIC ATMOSPHERES Material in space: Absorbed
materials can gas off. Decomposition of materials. Work being
performed: Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering Painting, scraping,
sanding, degreasing Sealing, bonding, melting Cleaning,
de-scaling
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- Safety on Call CORROSIVE ATMOSPHERES Corrosive atmospheres can
be not only a respiratory problems but also cause skin exposure
reactions and damage to your nervous system though skin absorption
or breathing. Examples of Corrosives: Bleach Ammonia Acids
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- Safety on Call PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION HAZARDS The use and shape
of a space can create hazardous conditions: Use of Ladders &
Scaffolding. Wet or slippery surfaces. Uneven bottoms. Bends in
tunnels. Narrow areas that can entrap workers. Poor lighting. Use
retrieval & fall protection when possible.
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- Safety on Call MECHANICAL HAZARDS Some confined spaces have
unguarded mechanical equipment such as: Paddles Blades Shafts Chain
or belt drives All equipment must be Locked and Tagged before
entry.
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- Safety on Call ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electric Shock is a possible
hazard in Confined Spaces. Hazard Sources include: Broken lighting.
Electrical sensing devices. Limit switches. Level indicating
devices. Hazards from equipment taken inside.
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- Safety on Call TEMPERATURE HAZARDS High and Low Temperatures
are Hazards Burns Frostbite Heat Stress Wearing Protective clothing
can increase the heat stress on a worker.
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- Safety on Call WORKER COMFORT Factors affecting worker comfort:
Air temperature Air velocity though the space Humidity Radiant heat
Protective Clothing Activities
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- Safety on Call ENGULFMENT HAZARDS Engulfment is the entrapment
of a person by the contents of a space. Liquids Small granular
product such as grain. Crusting or Bridging of material. Flooding
Water Flow
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- Safety on Call ENGULFMENT HAZARDS Completely empty the contents
before entry. Use retrieval and fall arrest equipment to prevent
sinking into contents of a space.
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- Safety on Call NOISE HAZARDS Noise creates a hazard by: Causing
hearing loss. Preventing communication. Lowering worker's
effectiveness. Eliminate noise sources prior to entry. Use proper
hearing protection.
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- Safety on Call SURFACE HAZARDS Slippery, Wet or Damp Surfaces
Slips & Falls Chemical exposure. Possible increased chance of
electric shock. Uneven surfaces.
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- Safety on Call VIBRATION HAZARDS Vibration of the body can
cause damage to the body. Using Vibrating tools can cause damage to
fingers & hand. Eliminate equipment vibrations prior to entry.
Use Vibration dampening tools & gloves.
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- Safety on Call BASIC CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE All
entrants, supervisors and entry attendants must be fully qualified:
1.Conduct Pre-Entry Briefing. 2.Assemble and check equipment.
3.Establish Acceptable Entry Conditions. 4.Conduct initial air
sampling. 5.Execute & Complete Entry Permit. 6.Station Entry
Attendant.
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- Safety on Call ENTRY (CONTINUED) 7.Establish Monitoring of
Atmosphere 8.Establish Communication 9.Execute Hot Work Permit if
applicable 10.Post Confined Space Entry Permit 11.Enter Space
12.Postentry debrief if problems were encountered
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- Safety on Call TESTING THE ATMOSPHERE Verify presence of safe
work atmosphere. Calibrate Air Monitoring Equipment before use.
Test all areas of a confined space. Top, Middle & Bottom. Check
for Explosive & Toxic Gases. Check Oxygen level. Record all
readings.
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- Safety on Call VENTILATION Consider best of exhaust or supply
or both. Provide work zone exhaust if welding. Plan ventilation
supply and exhaust paths. Ensure no re-circulation of air supply.
Use continuous ventilation. Retest the confined space before and
during entry.
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- Safety on Call LOCKOUT! Lock & tagging ALL electrical
sources. Blank & bleeding fluid lines. Disconnect mechanical
drives &shafts. Secure mechanical parts. Lock & Tag all
valves.
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- Safety on Call RESCUE TEAM A qualified rescue team and rescue
equipment must be available for entry into all Permit Required
Confined Spaces. Qualified Entry Attendant must be in constant
communication with workers in the space. Entry Attendant must have
source of communication with the Rescue Team.
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- Safety on Call SUMMARY All persons involved in Permit Required
Confined Space Entry must be qualified: Supervisor Attendants
Entrants Rescue Team Confined Spaces are Dangerous Places Know how
to control or eliminate hazards.