Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) in Road Safety

Ir. Rasid Osman

Vehicle Safety and Biomechanics Research Centre

Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS)

Content

Introduction: Crash Statistics

High Profile Crashes Investigated by MIROS

Safety Health & Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP)

Safety Star Grading (SSG)

Crash statistic – lorry

197 226 233

197 229

204

195 230 218 216 223 212

741 771 775

619

452 428

1133

1227 1226

1032

904 844

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006  2007

Nu

mb

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of

Ca

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Year

Casualties Involving Lorry in Malaysia (2002 - 2007)

Death Serious Injury Slight Injury All Casualties

Crash statistic - bus

45 67 69

48 39

75

83 104 99

72

118 94

392

358 344

239

315

248

520 529 512

359

472

417

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006  2007

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Year

Casualties Involving Buses in Malaysia (2002 - 2007)

Fatal Serious Injury Slight Injury All Casualties

5

4.52

1.86

1.50

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.00

0.90

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00

*Malaysia

USA

New Zealand

Australia

Germany

Japan

UK

Sweden

Fatality per 10,000 Vehicles in Variuos Countries (2004)

Fatality per 10,000 vehicles

Background: ‘

Crash index– per 10,000 vehicles

6

24.30

14.50

10.70

7.90

7.10

6.70

5.60

5.30

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

*Malaysia

USA

New Zealand

Australia

Germany

Japan

UK

Sweden

Fatalities per 100,000 Population in Various Countries (2004)

Fatality per 100,000 population

Background: ‘

Crash indexes – per 100,000 population

Crash statistic – Bus & Lorry 2007

Express Bus 4%

Transit Bus 9%

Factory Bus 2%

Mini Bus 1%

Tour Bus 2%

School Bus 3%

bullock cart 0%

Trail 20%

Small lorry 25%

Rigid lorry 34%

Accident percentage by type of commercial vehicles 2007

High Profile Crashes Investigated by MIROS

2007 - 2008

Crash Reconstruction • In depth Crash Investigation

9

• Identifying contributing factor of the crash and resulting injuries

Real World Crashworthiness Investigation

•Conducting operational and causal analysis of the crash

Post Crash Analysis

•countermeasure and intervention to policy makers in Malaysia for preventive measure

Recommendation

High Profile Case

KM 146.5 PLUS Expressway Tangkak (7 December

2008) – 10 deaths

The bus went to the road side’s drain, hit the tree and went quarter-roll

Roof collapsed, bending and fractured pillars

Rooftop frame – used welding technique instead of bonding together (failure on most pillars connecting roof structure

Tangkak Crash Animation:

High Profile Case

KM 442.9 PLUS Expressway, Rawang (13

April 2009) – 6 deaths

The W-beam broke off from the mounting post leaving its end hanging and intruded the frontal part of the bus

The section intruded deep into the bus longitudinally which killed ALL six (6) passengers of the lower deck.

Crash Compatibility

Setback of installation design of barrier placement

TL-2 yet to be upgraded

High Profile Case

Lorry-Multiple Vehicles Fatal Road Crash at KM 6.7 Cheras – Kajang Expressway -One

Death

Lorry travelling downhill, fail to negotiate sharp curve and entered high volume expressway

Overloading is an issue & the lorry most probably over speeding.

Hutan Kampung Crash Animation:

How Strong is our Vehicle?

National Inquiry Cases

• Nov 2007 – Sept 2008: 25 cases

• Outcomes:

• Revoke of permits: 3 cases

• Suspension of permits: 4 cases

• Warning: 12 cases

Bukit Gantang Crash Animation:

Outcomes INQUIRY REPORT

• Bukit Gantang Inquiry Report

• Kuala Kangsar Inquiry Report

POLICIES

• Enhancing Guardrail Standards from TL2 to TL3-TL6

• Code of Practice on Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) for the Transport Sector

• Bus Compliance to UNECE R66 and UNECE R80

INTERVENTION

• Implementation of Rear Seatbelt Use in Vehicles

Safety Health & Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP)

Safety Health

& Environment Code of Practice

(SHE COP)

20

Why SHE COP?

• 2000 – 2005: 132 % increase in road accident involving buses

• 3rd party victims– passengers and other road user

• “High-profile case” multiple fatality

• Implement to reduce commercial vehicle accident and ensure their safety

21

• Provides reference to employer and employees regarding safety and health aspect (transportation).

• Catalyze education and awareness level at work place.

• Ensure public safety

22

Safety Health & Environment Code of Practice: Objective

23

Safety Health & Environment Code of Practice: Implementation Concept (POPEA)

• Company policy

• Role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

• Employer responsibility

• Employees participation

• Communication between employer and employees

24

Implementation Concept: Policy

25

Chairman (CEO)

Employer representative

(Section Manager/Director/section Supervisor)

Employees representative

(representative from multiple section)

Secretary (SHE representative)

Implementation Concept: Organisation

Implementation Concept: Planning and Implementation

Planning to adapt SHE in organization

Draft action plan according to the set standard.

Create standard operation procedure according to the 4 main procedure.

• Four main procedure

– Driver management

– Vehicle management

– Trip and risk management

– Document management system

Checklist for audit/implementation

27

Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP)

Recruitment procedure

Driver classification

Training and changing of thinking method

Driving procedure

Driver shift

Acknowledgement and punishment

28

SOP – Driver Management

– Vehicle procurement

– Replacement and disposal

– Maintenance and repair

– Dedicated driver for a vehicle

– Vehicle usage

– License and fees schedule

29

SOP – Vehicle management

– Hazard and path risk identification

– Trip risk management

– Personal crash protection

– Loading/occupant management

– Emergency respond

– Insurance

30

SOP – Trip and Risk Management

– Incident/crash reporting system

– Complaint management

– SHE training and competency

– Contractor management

– Driver management record

– Vehicle management record

– Trip and risk management record

– Monitoring system

– Self-assessment

31

SOP – Document Management System

implementation Concept: Evaluation

Monitoring and evaluation of performance

Internal audit

External audit

Grading and licensing - MIROS

implementation Concept: Action for Improvement

Protective and Reactive

Continual improvement

Recap of SHE COP

Transportation company operator

Fully responsible to ensure SHE implementation

POPEA Concept

Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) involve:

Driver

Vehicle

Trip and Risk

Record

Benefit to the operator, drivers and consumer

CONTENT

• BACKGROUND

• PURPOSE OF SAFETY STAR GRADING

• CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SAFETY STAR

GRADING

• Syarat – Syarat Penggredan

• LIST OF ELEMENTS

BACKGROUND

2007: SHE COP

SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT CODE OF PRACTICE FOR

TRANSPORTATION SECTOR (SHE COP)

2010

SHE COP was gazetted under OSHA 1994 as

ICOP SHE 2010

TATAAMALAN INDUSTRI KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN

PEKERJAAN BAGI AKTIVITI PENGANGKUTAN JALAN 2010

SAFETY STAR GRADING (SSG)

PURPOSE OF SAFETY STAR GRADING

To provide vital information for the consumption of general public in making the right choice for a better and safer journey.

Demand bus operators to improve their operations not only in safety and health aspect but also on other service performances.

Provides a platform for bus operators to continually improve their services which would be a good selling point for their company’s image as well as marketing purposes.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SAFETY STAR GRADING

ASSESSMENT

• 1. Document Verification

• 2. Site Inspection

• 3. Interview Session

20 +5 +5 +10 +7

*16

+ Additional compulsory items

* Optional items

• The bus operators must achieve certain score to obtain the respective level of star.

STAR MARKS

51 – 64

65 – 69

70 – 79

80 – 99

100 – 111

• The total mark will be deducted accordingly (demerit point) if the operator is found to commit or involve with the following incidences:

Incidences Demerit

1. Tailgating, hand phone use while

driving, dangerous overtaking, red

light running

Deduct 5 points

1. Driver caught positive

drug/alcohol (operation base)

Deduct 5 points

1. Fatal crash (due to operators

negligence)

Deduct 10 points

LIST OF ELEMENTS

POLICY

1. Policy is dated, reviewed and signed by top management.

ORGANISATION

1. Safety issues discuss in management meeting /Safety and Health Committee (SHC) meeting .

2. There is a documented Safety and Health Committee organization chart and directly reporting to Top Management-Applicable for 40 employees and above.

3. Chairman is top management (or his appointed representative) - Applicable for 40 employees and above.

PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION

WRITTEN DRIVER MANAGEMENT STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)

1. Driver recruitment procedure

2. Training and awareness program-Basic training (Vehicle familiarization/safety)

3. Driving procedure a) Pre-duty assessment by supervisor

4. Driving hours and working hours compliance

5. Driving roster implemented

6. Drivers monitoring system-Log book

7. Self-evaluation (Self-assessment by driver)

WRITTEN VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SOP

1. Checklist on vehicle safety devices

2. Vehicle preventive maintenance/service

3. Vehicle license—license, permit, inspection by authority

4. Vehicle defect/breakdown recording and reporting

WRITTEN ROUTE RISK MANAGEMENT SOP

1. Hazard identification and risk assessment along routes

2. Risk management along routes

3. Emergency response

4. Accident reporting system on actual accident

EVALUATION & ACTION

1. Internal audit/monitoring

1. Policy prominently displayed 2. Policy communicated and understood (through briefing /training/display)

1. Chairman, secretary and all committee members are formally appointed. (Check appointment letter)-Applicable for 40 employees and above

2. Number of Employee representatives (Minimum 2 for less than 100 employees. Minimum 4 for 100 employees and above) - Applicable for 40 employees and above.

WRITTEN ROUTE RISK MANAGEMENT SOP

1. Procedure for vehicle acquisition, replacement and disposal.

1. Members of SHC had Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) awareness training. 2. For every meeting, total number of representatives for employer and employee

who attend equals or exceeds 50%.

WRITTEN DRIVER MANAGEMENT SOP

1. Drivers monitoring system—Global Positioning System (GPS) (by time frame)

WRITTEN ROUTE RISK MANAGEMENT SOP

1. Incident reporting system 2. Annual incident/accident reporting to DOSH (JKKP 8)

1. All staff were informed about SHC/Safety Personnel and it was documented. 2. Minimum one committee meeting in three months-Applicable for 40 employees and above. 3. Chairman is present for every meeting-Applicable for 40 employees and above. 4. Secretary is present for every meeting-Applicable for 40 employees and above. 5. SHC conducts workplace inspection at least once in 3 months. 6. Members of SHChad training on roles and responsibilities of Safety and Health Committee as

described under the Section 29 OSHA.

WRITTEN DRIVER MANAGEMENT SOP

1. Driver categorisation 2. Training and awareness program—Defensive driving 3. Driver incentives and demerit (including traffic summonses)

WRITTEN VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SOP

1. Vehicle assignments.

1. All aware of the SHC. 2. SHC members are trained in accident investigation.

WRITTEN ROUTE RISK MANAGEMENT SOP

1. Personal insurance against accidents (driver and co-driver). 2. Passenger and baggage management. 3. Accident reporting system on near misses. 4. All of the above elements are monitored in regular formal meetings and

documented.

EVALUATION & ACTION

1. External audit/third party evaluation .

ORGANISATION

1. Minutes of every meeting is circulated within 2 weeks

1. Speed compliance (if no information from GPS/Log Book) - minimum 2/3 of customer’s perceptions. 2. Use of seatbelt for driver. 3. No smoking while driving. 4. Safety practice at terminal/Rest &Service Areas (e.g., make announcement, count passengers, etc.). 5. Punctuality for departure - minimum 2/3 of customer’s perceptions. 6. Seatbelt install for all seats (for newly registered bus starting from 2013). 7. Customer complaints mechanism (hotline number, feedback box).

1. Cleanliness of internal and external bus 2. Seat condition 3. Excessive smoke emission 4. Ambience (e.g., vibration, pleasant odour, etc.)

HEALTH

1. Indoor air quality 2. Random check on drug and alcohol by company 3. Medical profile of driver maintain by the company 4. Fatigue Risk Management System

SAFETY STAR GRADING

PHASE 1 & PHASE 2

LAMAN WEB SSG

ssg.miros.gov.my

Thank You rasid@miros.gov.my