Rolando V. RaqueñoSunday, October 18, 2015 Modal Widgets, Pointers, and Memory Leaks.

Rolando V. Raqueño Thursday, April 20, 2023

Modal Widgets, Pointers, and Memory Leaks

Modal Widgets

• Modal Widgets also known as pop-up widgets are a means to simplify a GUI interface by allowing an input window to be presented to the user at an appropriate time

• Because a new window is created and destroyed, there needs to be a mechanism to pass the values specified to the used back to the calling widget.

Variables inside a Widget

• Remember that variables defined in a widget only exist as long as that widget exists

• We have to somehow pass out any values defined to a calling function

pop_fslider Case Study

• Problem: We want to create a simple slider that a user can call from the IDL prompt and return to the calling routine a floating point value reflecting the position of the floating point slider (CW_FSLIDER)

IDL> a = pop_fslider()

pop_fslider.pro (initial version - Widget Definition)

function pop_fslider

base = Widget_Base( /column )

fslider = CW_Fslider( base, /edit )

quit_button = Widget_Button( base, value="Quit", event_pro='quit_event' )

Widget_Control, base, /realize

global_data={ fslider_id: fslider, fslider_value: 0.0 }

Widget_Control, base, set_uvalue=global_data

Xmanager, 'pop_fslider', base, event_handler='pop_fslider_event'

Widget_Control, base, get_uvalue=global_data

print,’In Widget Definition=‘, global_data.fslider_value

return, global_data.fslider_value

pop_fslider.pro (initial version -

Event Handler Definition)pro pop_fslider_event, event Widget_Control, event.top, get_uvalue=global_data Widget_Control, global_data.fslider_id,

get_value=fslider_value global_data.fslider_value=fslider_value print,’In Event Handler =‘, global_data.fslider_value Widget_Control, event.top, set_uvalue=global_dataend

pro quit_event, event Widget_Control, event.top, /destroyend

pop_fslider.pro (initial version output)

IDL> a=pop_fslider()In Event Handler = 44.0000In Event Handler = 39.0000In Event Handler = 39.0000In Event Handler = 42.0000% WIDGET_CONTROL: Invalid widget identifier: 1.% Execution halted at: POP_FSLIDER 28 pop_fslider.pro

% $MAIN$

pop_fslider.pro (initial version - Widget Definition)

function pop_fslider base = Widget_Base( /column ) fslider = CW_Fslider( base, /edit ) quit_button = Widget_Button( base, value="Quit",

event_pro='quit_event' ) Widget_Control, base, /realize global_data={ fslider_id: fslider, fslider_value: 0.0 } Widget_Control, base, set_uvalue=global_data Xmanager, 'pop_fslider', base,

event_handler='pop_fslider_event' Widget_Control, base, get_uvalue=global_data print,’In Widget Definition=‘, global_data.fslider_value return, global_data.fslider_valueend

pop_fslider.pro (initial version - Event Definition)

• This does not work because the widget has already been destroyed and along with it the uvalue that was being stored

• To make this work, we need to use what IDL calls handles (or in C/C++ the concept of pointers)

IDL Pointers

What are Pointers?• Pointers are special variables that point to

memory locations that are explicitly allocated by the user.

• It is different from other variables in that the memory location pointed to by a handle are persistent (i.e., they exist from one routine to another)

• It is also the user’s responsibility to destroy the allocated memory

Uses of Handles

• Management of persistent data

• Minimizes passing around large data structures

• Linked lists data structures

• Tree data structures

Syntax for managing Pointers

• Ptr_new (Create a NULL pointer)IDL> image_pointer = ptr_new()

• Ptr_new (Pointer to existing data)IDL> image = bindgen(5,5)IDL> image_pointer = ptr_new(image)

• To access values referenced by pointerIDL> print, (*image_pointer)[0,0]

Sample use of Handle RoutinesIDL> image=bindgen(5,5)IDL> image_pointer = ptr_new(image)IDL> help,imageIMAGE BYTE = Array[5, 5]IDL> help, image_pointerIMAGE_POINTER POINTER = <PtrHeapVar5>

IDL> print, (*image_pointer)[0,0]

pop_fslider.pro (new version - Widget Definition)

function pop_fslider ... Widget_Control, base, /realize pointer = ptr_new(0.0) global_data={ fslider_id: fslider, ptr: pointer } Widget_Control, base, set_uvalue=global_data Xmanager, 'pop_fslider', base,

event_handler='pop_fslider_event' fslider_value = *pointer return, fslider_valueend

pop_fslider.pro (new version -

Event Handler Definition)pro pop_fslider_event, event Widget_Control, event.top, get_uvalue=global_data Widget_Control, global_data.fslider_id,

get_value=fslider_value pointer = global_data.ptr *pointer = fslider_value print,’In Event Handler =‘, fslider_valueend

Result of pop_fslider.pro

IDL> a=pop_fslider()In Event Handler = 40.0000In Event Handler = 43.0000In Event Handler = 42.0000IDL> print,a 42.0000

Get_preview_image EXAMPLE

A more convoluted example of pointers to a structure containing

pointers.

Get_preview_image.pro

• Allows you to make the following call at the IDL command line

IDL> a=get_preview_image()

• A widget pops up that allows you to select and preview the image

• When done, variable ‘a’ contains the image

Screenshot of get_preview_image

Widget Definition of get_preview_image.pro

function get_preview_image base = Widget_Base( Title='Enter Value', /column ) window_id = Widget_Draw(base, xsize=256, ysize=256) file_button_id=Widget_Button(base,value="File",event_pro='file_event') quit_button_id=Widget_Button(base,value="Quit",event_pro='quit_event') Widget_Control, base, /realize Widget_Control, window_id, get_value=display_id image_ptr = ptr_new() global_data = { window: window_id, display: display_id, $ file_button: file_button_id, $ quit_button: quit_button_id,image: image_ptr } global_ptr = ptr_new( global_data ) Widget_Control, base, set_uvalue=global_ptr Xmanager,'get_preview_image',base image = *((*global_ptr).image) return, imageend

Event Handler of get_preview_image.pro

pro file_event, event file_name = pickfile() print,"Reading in image ...“ & s = systime(/seconds) read_ppm, file_name, image e = systime(/seconds) & print,"Done", e-s,"Seconds“ & print,"" Widget_Control, event.top, get_uvalue=global_data display_id = (*global_data).display wset, display_id tvscl, congrid(image, 256, 256) image_ptr = (*global_data).image image_ptr = ptr_new( image ) (*global_data).image=image_ptrend

Program seems to run fine

• Test with your favorite image file

• Next,– Create a 10,000 x 10,000 pgm test image

To create a LARGE test image

% pgmramp –ellipse 10000 10000 > pgmramp.pgm

Try to run the program 10 times

IDL> a=get_preview_image()

Program Bombs after several tries

Reading in image ...% Compiled module: READ_PPM.Done 10.323603Seconds

% Compiled module: CONGRID.Reading in image ...Done 10.746588Seconds

Reading in image ...Done 11.441382Seconds

Reading in image ...Done 22.284706Seconds

% XMANAGER: Caught unexpected error from client application. Message follows...

% Unable to allocate memory: to make array.

It Dies because…

• There is a memory leak

• This occurs when the program does not free up memory allocated when using pointers

• Repeated runs in the event handler causes memory to be eaten up until there is very little left

FIX to Event Handler of get_preview_image.pro

pro file_event, event file_name = pickfile() print,"Reading in image ...“ & s = systime(/seconds) read_ppm, file_name, image e = systime(/seconds) & print,"Done", e-s,"Seconds“ & print,"" Widget_Control, event.top, get_uvalue=global_data display_id = (*global_data).display wset, display_id tvscl, congrid(image, 256, 256) image_ptr = (*global_data).image ptr_free, image_ptr image_ptr = ptr_new( image ) (*global_data).image=image_ptrend

Program should now work

• Ptr_free will make sure that the previous pointer reference will be deallocated

• Pointers can save memory and burden of passing around large structure

• Difficult to interpret dereferencing of pointers

• Memory Leaks are prevalent requiring repeated tests with memory intensive data sets

Rolando V. RaqueñoSunday, October 18, 2015 Modal Widgets, Pointers, and Memory Leaks.

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