Post on 14-Mar-2020
Republic of Yemen Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA)
Medicinal & Aromatic PlantsLessones and Impact in YEMEN
Enhancing the Contribution of Neglected and Underutilized
Species to Food Security and to Incomes of the Rural Poor
Prepared by:Dr. Mohamed Al- Nassiri (AREA)
YEMEN
Submitted to: IFAD - NUS
Project Develop. MeetingNOV. 2005
Project Coordinator and project scientists
• Main Implementing : Agricultural Research and Extension Authority( AREA )
• Faculty of Agriculture –Sana'a University
• Faculty of Agriculture –Aden University• Attareens• NGO
Background :
• The use of Medicinal and Aromatic plant species in Yemen goes back thousands of years and form an important part of the culture, Although many species concerned have fallen into disuse, some of the plants traditionally still play important role in the health and body care system .
• There is a long list of plants species in folk medicine as remedy for different disorders. Soqatra archipelago in Yemen conceder the fifth in the world in containing endemic species. There are about 273 endemic plant species most of them are of medicinal, cosmetic and aromatic use. Among the most commonly used plants are Dracaena cinnabari, Boswellia spp, and Aloe perryi.
• The use of Medicinal and Aromatic plant species in Yemen goes back thousands of years and form an important part of the culture, Although many species concerned have fallen into disuse, some of the plants traditionally still play important role in the health and body care system .
• There is a long list of plants species in folk medicine as remedy for different disorders. Soqatra archipelago in Yemen conceder the fifth in the world in containing endemic species. There are about 273 endemic plant species most of them are of medicinal, cosmetic and aromatic use. Among the most commonly used plants are Dracaena cinnabari, Boswellia spp, and Aloe perryi.
Selected Species for Research Studies
Aloe sppAloe
Nigella sativaNigella
Cuminium cyminumCumin
Coriandrum sativumCoriander
Lawsonia InermisHenna
Scientific Name Common Name
• The project have been oriented lately towards revitalization of traditional sustainable agriculture production as an important step for agricultural development through income generating activities for poverty alleviation, food security and sustainable agriculture production.
• Information about the agronomy, Botanical, characterizations, processing, traditional use, cost benefit and marketing opportunities of the mandate crops were collected documented and distributed among beneficiaries, thus these steps gives the bases and momentum for achieving IFA-IPGRI Project goals.
• In addition, the project teams had the opportunities for deeply looking to the problems and study different alternatives to solve them. Therefore ,Activities such as cost benefit , marketing opportunity value chain added, rehabilitation( (rejuvenate ) of germplasm, information dissemination were included in the work plan.
IFAD IPGRI Project – Yemen Component :
• Problem area I :• Lack of required genetic
material of the species
Meeting with farmers
Seed purification and maintenance
•Setup of local germplasm supply systems among rural communities.
Foundation seeds produced by pilot farmers and certified by PGRC-AREA
9010Jawfi9010Anisi
Introduced from Syria
17065Suri
Introduced from India
19040HendiNigella
Introduced from Iran
14070Irani80-Baladi- SadahCumin27550Baladi
Introduced from Egypt
350150Massri220100AnisiCoriander
Mabar-Location-CH *
Al-Sadah-Location-CH
Notes Collected seeds (kg)Varieties Species
On farm conservation for targeted species
Mukalla3Eastern Costal area Henna
Abyan4 Southern Costal area Henna Dhamar3Central HighlandsCumin Dhamar3Central HighlandsCoriander Dhamar4 Central HighlandsNigella
Taiz, Mukalla25Southern UplandsAloe Dhamar11Central Highlands Aloe
Location No. of accession
Agro Ecological Zone Crop( Species )
Henna- Henna boiled leaves used for treatment of skin burn.- Chewing henna leaves used for treatment mouth and Decay infections.- Henna Paste used for skin softness and hair coloring, and for women (variegate ) cosmetics .
Aloe • The leaves , the fresh leaf gel and latex
used for inflammatory bowel condition such as ;
• Crohn's diseases • gastritis • aids in healing wounds by draying out
infection• assist kidney function • relives arthritis • used for bacterial, Viral, Fungal
Parasitic Condition . and Finally Aloeused for skin soft and young
Nigella• Mainly used for food
flavoring ,
• Menstruation problem
• oil use for face softness Nigella
• Mixing nigella seed with honey, help in relieve stomach disorder.
Problem area 4: limited Income Generation
• Investigate and identify improved agronomic and production procedures
certified seeds provided for farmer
Monthly and Annually consumption for Yemeni family
1800.6360.4920.7320.0410.0410.061HENNA
4000.4800.4500.5000.0380.0380.042CORIANDER
6000.9600.8040.9960.0800.0670.083CUMIN
4500.6240.5880.6360.0520.0490.053NIGELLA
Republic
Urban Rural Repub
lic Urba
n Rural
Average price
/ Kg
Annually consume for Yemeni family
(T/fam)
Monthly consume for Yemeni family
(T/fam)CROPS
Increasing demand for NUSIn Ton
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
HennaCuminNigellaCoriander
200420052006
Costs benefits and margin income
1.881.451.892.341.77Benefit / Cost ratio
184.000139.000320.000476.500640.0000Net income
392.000392.000680.000832.500Total income
70/ kg 70 / kg 2000/ 1 kadah20000/ ton 45003200Prices in farm gate / kadah
5.65.622012 ton185200Production( kadah )
And green production (ton)
Benefits
208000253.000360000356000361000Total cost2000020000300003000030000Contingency
188000233000330000326000331000Sub total cost
800080000100006000060008 – transportation
20000200002000010000100007 – harvesting
800008000010000080000800006 – labors
00200000200005 – chemical fertilizer
0200002000020000200004 – manure fertilizer
800008000010000080000800003 – irrigation
015000450001150001000002 – seeds / seedling
01000015.00015000150001 – land preparation
Costs
HENNA2-3year
YR
HENNAFirst year
YR
CORIANDERYR
CUMINYR
NIGELLAYRItems
• Develop Improved low-cost post harvest techniques.• Development of value adding strategies through
processing, marketing and commercialization
Problem area 6Lack of research and development activities and weak
national capacities
•Characterize crops for agronomic, nutritional and market related traits •Investigate new areas of crop production •Short training courses for stockholder
Problem area 7 Lack of links across conservation and Production to consumption
•Promote the establishment of association of Herbalist and farmers• Formation of farmers leadership or those who have pioneered in community transformation .•Disseminate the howl packages of the available economical, agronomical , processing and other information .
Selection of extension staff ( Female and Male ) at various siteswho provide assistance in the initial implementationand facilitating the exchange of endogenous knowledge and experience among local communities
Meeting with Farmers
Problem area 8 Inappropriate and inadequate policy and legal frameworks
National Plant Genetic Resource Committee continues it's activities to facilitate local council to issue local regulations regarding NUS in the framework of the International Plant Genetic resource treaty
Partnership
-Meetings and Joint field visits were organized in the pilot areas.-Traveling workshop in the coastal area organized with participation of farmers, Researchers and extension agents.
Exchange of experiences at the regional level
•Training in Egypt for Yemeni scientists .
• Farmers exchange visit.
Constrains facing the production, processing and marketing of medicinal plants
• Land tenure (small size of fields)
• Low Rainfall (Drought)
•Lack of know how on the issues of crops value added .•Competitive of Qat trees and other cash crops .
• Studies of the indigenous knowledge about the targeted species have been completed.
• Pure Seeds and Genetic material for interested farmers prepared and available in the AREA Gen-Bank.
• Seed Supply System (SSS) initiated using facilities approaches of other project ( out reach Program)
• Information and data base about market opportunities, for Hennaand Aloe have collected and will be used for further study, However for other species seems to be difficult and need more time and efforts
• More efforts and studies should be Gavin to the post harvest technologies .and closely work with Attareens and Private sector e.tHenna factory in Al-Mukalla must be the first priority in the coming period.
• Work and efforts to incourage private sector to invest in Aloe processing and utilization is badly needed.
Conclusions