Post on 06-Apr-2018
8/3/2019 REPORT 1 (TRILLANES, MAGDATO)
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S A F
E T Y
M A N A G
E M E N T
Introduction
Objectives
Safety Concept
Definitions
Safety Paradigm
Reasons for Safety
SMS
Conclusions
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}Chemical Engineers have a pivotalrole in reducing the risks on plant to
acceptable or tolerable levels. Asprofessionals that probably understand
the plant best from a holisticviewpoint, we can play a vital role inthe continuous improvement in safety
standards - essential in this climate ofever more stringent health, safety and
environmental legislation.
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Process Safety vs.Occupational Safety
} Process Safety is different to Occupational
Safety.P
rocess safety is pro-active andcenters on the safety integrity of theprocess; occupational safety focusesmore on injuries to workers ² i.e., verymuch a reactive focus. Often, firms focus
too much effort on occupational safetywhen in fact, process safety should begiven more attention, commensurate withrisk.
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Objectiveso To define the basic terminologies on
Health and Safety in Industries.
o To outline the reasons for a safeand healthy workplace.
o To give an overview on SafetyManagement Systems.
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The Concept of Safety
}zero accidents or serious incidents
³ a view widely held by thetravelling public;
}freedom from hazards, i.e. those
factors which cause or are likely tocause harm;
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}attitudes of employees oforganizations towardsunsafe acts and conditions;
}error avoidance; and
}regulatory compliance.
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Definitions
}Accident ²Undesired circumstances
which give rise to ill-health or injury,damage to property, plant,products or the environment;production losses or increased
liabilities.
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}Hazard ² any situation that could
contribute to an accident. Hazardsshould be eliminated wherever
¶practicable·, but this is not alwaysthe case. Where a hazard cannot
be completely eliminated then
there will be some risk.
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}Ill Health -- Acute and chronic ill
health caused by physical,
chemical or biological agents aswell as adverse effects onmental health.
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}Incident -- Undesired circumstances
and ¶near misses· which could
cause accidents.
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}Maintenance -- in its ordinary Englishsense ´of keeping something fit for serviceµ including, where necessary,replacing a worn-out part of the railwaywith a new part. So when we talk aboutmaintenance, we are including whatsome people call ¶renewals·,
¶alterations·, ¶upgrades· and¶enhancements·.
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}Risk ² the likelihood that an
accident will happen and the
harm that could arise. In manycases, risk cannot be eliminatedentirely. We must accept this if
we are to continually improve
safety.
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}Safety -- the reduction of risk to a
level that is as low as is reasonably
practicable.
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}Safe -- the risk associated with itis controlled to an acceptable
level.
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Hazards/Danger
Observable or predicted from knowledge.
Risk Not directly observable - probability of harm to system elements
being realized from exposure to hazards and danger.
HarmDamage to system elements - long or short term.
Accidents
Injuries Ill-Health Damage
Safety Paradigm
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REASONS FOR
SAFETY
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Moral / Humane
No-one comes to work to be injured or killed.
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Cost
Accidents cost organizations money.
e.g. Piper Alpha ² 167 people killed ² estimated
to have cost over £2 billion including £746 millionin direct insurance payouts.
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Legislation
Organisations have a legal obligation.
E x. In the UK ² Health & Safety at Work Act, 1974and associated Regulations
e.g.
Management of Health & Safety at Work Regs 1999
Quarry Regulations, 1999
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Safety ManagementSystem (SMS)
}It is a businesslike approach to
safety.
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}It is a systematic, explicit andcomprehensive process for
managing safety risks. As with all
management systems, a safetymanagement system provides for
goal setting, planning, andmeasuring performance.
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}A safety management system iswoven into the fabric of anorganization. It becomes part of
the culture, the way people dotheir jobs.
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Goals of SMS
}There are three imperatives for
adopting a safety managementsystem for a business - these are
ethical, legal and financial.
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}To address these three importantelements, an effective SMS should:
1. Define how the organization is set
up to manage risk.2. Identify workplace risk and
implement suitable controls.
3. Implement effectivecommunications across all levels of
the organization.
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4. Implement a process to identify
and correct non-conformities.
5. Implement a continual
improvement process.
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Basic Safety Management Components
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Planning}Planning is the process of
determining in advance whatshould be accomplished.
}The planning stage answers the
questions ´Where are we now?µ
and ´Where do we want to be?µ.
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Developing}Developing is the process of
determining how the objectivesshould be realized. The
developing stage needs to
answer ´How do we get there?µ.
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Organizing}Organizing is the process of
prescribing formal relationshipsamong people and resources in
the organization to accomplish
objectives.
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Implementing
}Implementing means a process
of carrying out or putting intopractice the plans to achieve thedesired objectives, with
appropriate and adequatecontrol to ensure proper
performance in accordance withthe plans.
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} In this implementing stage, the
proprietor or contractor is required:
}(a) to determine and executeoperation plans to control the risks
identified and to meet the legalrequirements as well as other requirements to which it subscribes toin safety management;
}(b) to execute contingency plans for foreseeable emergencies andmitigate their effects;
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}(c) to arrange safety auditsand periodic status analysis asan independent check to the
efficiency, effectiveness, andreliability of the safety
management system, and
carry out the required
corrective actions;
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}(d) to motivate all employees by acombination of rewards andsanctions and stress on the
reinforcement of the positivebehaviour contributing to risk
control and the promotion of a
positive safety culture;
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}
(e) to provide adequate and effectivesupervision to ensure that the policiesand the plans are effectivelyimplemented; and
}(f) to prepare and maintain sufficientdocumentation to record and monitor the progress of policy and planimplementation.
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Measuring}Measuring is the process of
checking the performance
against agreed standards toreveal when and where
improvement is needed, and a
means of monitoring the extent towhich policies and objectives are
being met.
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Auditing
}Auditing is carried out to assessperformance in addition to the
routine monitoring of occupationalsafety and health performance.
Auditing constitutes the ´feedback loopµ to the planning stage whichenables the enterprise to reinforce,maintain and develop its ability to
reduce risks to the fullest extent andto ensure the continued efficiency,effectiveness and reliability of the
safety management system.
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The 14 elements of a safetymanagement system
}1. A safety policy which states the
commitment of the proprietor or contractor to safety and health atwork.
}
2. A structure to assureimplementation of the commitmentto safety and health at work.
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}3. Training to equip personnel withknowledge to work safely andwithout risk to health.
}4. In-house safety rules to provideinstruction for achieving safetymanagement objectives.
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}5. A programme of inspection toidentify hazardous conditions and for the rectification of any such conditionsat regular intervals or as appropriate
}6. A programme to identify hazardousexposure or the risk of such exposureto the workers and to provide suitablepersonal protective equipment as a
last resort where engineering controlmethods are not feasible
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}7. Investigation of accidents or incidents to find out the cause of anyaccident or incident and to developprompt arrangements to prevent
recurrence}8. Emergency preparedness to
develop, communicate and executeplans prescribing the effective
management of emergency situations
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}9. Evaluation, selection and control ofsub-contractors to ensure that sub-contractors are fully aware of their safety
obligations and are in fact meetingthem
}10. Safety committees to identify,recommend and keep under review
measures to improve the safety andhealth at work
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}11. Evaluation of job related hazardsor potential hazards anddevelopment of safety procedures
}12. Promotion, development andmaintenance of safety and healthawareness in a workplace
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}13. A programme for accidentcontrol and elimination of hazardsbefore exposing workers to anyadverse work environment
}14. A programme to protect workersfrom occupational health hazards
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Conclusions>Technical Safety is ¶ only· starting point>Technical safety is undermined byHuman Factors as a result of the SafetyCulture and the related behavior.
>A mature HSE system includesOrganizational and Safety Culture
aspects>Constant feedback from detailedaccident analysis studies is required.