RENEWABLE ENERGY&

WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PREPARED BY- ARUN KUMAR RAI

G.L.BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

5TH SEMESTER, SECTION-B (B2)

ROLL NO: 1319240906

Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas:

electricity generation

 hot water/space heating,

motor fuels,

rural (off-grid) energy services.

TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Total Installed Capacity:

SectorMW %age

State Sector90,062.14 39.37

Central Sector65,732.94 28.73

Private Sector72,926.66 31.88

Total2,28,721.73

POWER SECTOR AT A GLANCE- IN INDIA

FuelMW %age

Total Thermal155968.99 68.19

                                             Coal 134,388.39 58.75                                             Gas 20,380.85 8.91                                             Oil 1,199.75 0.52

Hydro Power39,788.40 17.39

Nuclear4,780.00 2.08

REST28,184.35 12.32

Total2,28,721.73 100.00

MAINSTREAM RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES

Wind power Hydropower Solar energy Biomass Biofuel Tidal power

Radiant energy emitted by sun Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions

occurring in the sun.The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming

solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere,

oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year.

Solar Energy

Sunlight on the surface of earth is the radiation received from sun.

India has adequate sunshine available for most parts of the year, including rural areas.

The amount of solar energy impacting the surface of earth is 1000 watts per square meter, which is about 32.8 million MW every second on the Indian land mass.

A large part of the incident heat is reflected to the outer space or radiated back to space.

India Has A Lot of Sun Light

In Agriculture & Horticulture In Transport sector In Electric Power Production In Water Heating & Water Treatment Process In Cooking & Space Heating

APPLICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY

Solar cars Solar boats Solar Planes Also Highly Used In Aerospace Industry

Solar Energy- In Transportation Sector

A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy.

It uses photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy.

SOLAR VEHICLE’S

For Example

(Solar Car)

In 2010, the PlanetSolar, a 30 metre long, 15.2 metre wide catamaran yacht powered by 470 square metres of solar panels, was unveiled.

It is set to circumnavigate the Earth and is so far the largest solar-powered boat ever built.

Solar Boat

(Planet Solar)

In AEROSPACE- Solar Impulse Project

It is a swiss project Designed by aeronaut Bertrand Piccard & his friends It is first piloted fixed-wing aircraft using only solar powerDeveloped its concept between 2004-2005 The inaugural flight took place on 2 June 2014

About Solar Impulse Project

General characteristics• Crew: 1• Length: 21.85 m (71.7 ft)• Wingspan: 63.4 m (208 ft)• Height: 6.40 m (21.0 ft)• Wing area: 11,628 photovoltaic cells rated at 45 kW peak: 200 m2 (2,200

sq ft)• Aspect ratio: 19.7• Loaded weight: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb)• Max. takeoff weight: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb)• Power plant : 4 × electric motors, powered by 4 x 21 kWh lithium-ion

batteries (450 kg), providing 7.5 kW (10 HP) each• Propeller diameter: 3.5 m at 200 to 400 rpm (11 ft)• Take-off speed: 35 kilometres per hour (22 mph)

Data from SOLAR IMPULSE PROJECT

Performance• Cruise speed: 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph)• Endurance: 36 hours (projected)• Service ceiling: 8,500 m (27,900 ft) with a

maximum altitude of 12,000 metres (39,000 ft)

Performance Specification

From 1970 many experimental projects were launched- Sunrise- 1973 Solar Riser- 1979 Solar Challenger- 1981 and NASA Projects (NASA Environmental Research

Aircraft and Sensor Technology) like HELIOS & CENTURION.

Other Projects

Other Projects

(NASA Project HELIOS During Test Flight)

Other Projects

(PATHFINDER DURING TEST FLIGHT)

AdvantagesAll chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the

thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.

Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s fossil fuels, both used and unused!

DisadvantagesSun does not shine consistently.Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must

concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such as heat and electricity.

Addressed by approaching the problem through: 1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage

Advantages and Disadvantages

Argument that sun provides power only during the day is countered by the fact that 70% of energy demand is during daytime hours. At night, traditional methods can be used to generate the electricity.

Goal is to decrease our dependence on fossil fuels. Currently, 75% of our electrical power is generated

by coal-burning and nuclear power plants.Reduce the effects of acid rain, carbon dioxide, and

other impacts of burning coal and counters risks associated with nuclear energy.

pollution free, indefinitely sustainable

FINAL THOUGHT

WASTE: Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse,

garbage, junk, litter, and ort) is unwanted or useless materials.

In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea and sweat.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid wastes: Wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial and industrial wastes

Examples: Plastics, Plastic containers, Bottles, Cans, Papers, Scrap Iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes: Wastes in liquid form

Examples: Domestic washings, Chemicals, Oils, Waste water from ponds, Manufacturing industries and other sources

KIND OF WASTE

Bio-degradable:can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable:cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,

cans, containers and others)

Classification of Wastes according to their Properties

Hazardous wastesSubstances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,

agriculturally, or economically and have any of the following properties- ignitability, reactivity & toxicity.

Non-hazardous Substances safe to use commercially, industrially,

agriculturally, or economically and do not have any of those properties mentioned above.

These substances usually create disposal problems.

Classification of Wastes according to

their Effects on Human Health and the Environment

Plastic Waste

Plastic Waste CompositionPE, PP, PS, PVC, PET - 80%PC, ABS, Thermacol, Melamine - 20% 90% of the plastic types are recyclable.

Plastic Waste Composition

Emitting of polluting gases while burning in open

Interference in MSW processing and land filling operation

Occupational health hazard Littering of plastics leads to environmental

concerns Contamination of soil and ground waster

Plastic Waste Hazards

Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful products, sometimes completely different in form from their original state.

Plastics are also recycled during the manufacturing process of plastic goods such as polyethylene film and bags. 

Plastic Recycling

Plastic Identification Code

Final View

THANK YOU