Remittances in Georgia, Azerbaijan, and MoldovaMarch 27, 2008

Methodology of Surveys in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, and Russia

3

Methodology of National Surveys

1-2 percentage pointsMargin of error

January – February, 2007Dates of interviews

5,005 adults in Georgia 4,051 adults in Azerbaijan2,073 adults in Moldova

Sample sizes

4

Approximately 95 percent of the Georgian population resides in the 10 regions where polling was conducted.

1. Abkhazia2. Samegrelo-Zemo

Svaneti3. Guria4. Adjara5. Racha-Lechkumi and

Kvemo Svaneti6. Imereti7. Samtskhe-Javakheti8. Shida Kartli9. Mtskheta-Mtianeti10. Kvemo Kartli11. Kakheti12. Tbilisi

Regions of Georgia

5

Economic Regions of AzerbaijanApproximately 80 percent of the Azeri population resides in the 7 economic regions where polling was conducted.4. Ganja-Gazakh5. Aran6. Shaki-Zagatala7. Lankaran8. Dakhlik Shirvan9. Absheron10. Baku

6

Approximately 90 percent of the Moldovan population resides in the 32 raionswhere polling was conducted.

Raions of Moldova

7

Methodology of Russia Survey

3.5 percentage pointsMargin of error

May 7-25, 2007Dates of interviews

779 total interviews:259 Moldovans259 Georgians261 Azeris

Sample size

8

Oblasts and Oblasts and KraiaKraia of Russia where of Russia where interviews were conductedinterviews were conducted

Demographics of Remittance Recipients in Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Moldova and Remittance Senders in Russia

10

AgeRemittance Recipients

43%27%

30%

27%31%

42%

30%29%

41%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Moldova

Azerbaijan

Georgia

18-3435-4950+

11

AgeRemittance Senders in Russia

7%39%

54%

7%48%

45%

10%50%

40%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Moldovans

Azeris

Georgians

18-3435-4950+

12

GenderRemittance Recipients

45%

55%48%

52%

39%

61%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

MaleFemale

13

GenderRemittance Senders in Russia

64%

36%

81%

19%

55%

45%

0%10%

20%30%

40%50%

60%

70%

80%90%

Georgians Azeris Moldovans

MaleFemale

14

EducationRemittance Recipients

14%27%

59%

25%28%

47%

37%27%

36%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Moldova

Azerbaijan

GeorgiaCompletedsecondary or less

Some university

Universitygraduate

15

EducationRemittance Senders in Russia

22%40%

38%

14%41%

45%

24%40%

36%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Moldovans

Azeris

GeorgiansCompletedsecondary or less

Some university

Universitygraduate

16

Urban vs. RuralRemittance Recipients

53%47% 48% 52%

33%

67%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

UrbanRural

17

Full-time Residents of Russia vs.Seasonal Migrant WorkersRemittance Senders in Russia

4%40%

56%

8%16%

76%

3%13%

84%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Moldovans

Azeris

GeorgiansFull-timeresidents

Seasonalmigrantworkers

Merchants /Others

18

What type of work do you do?Remittance Senders in Russia

Service workers (restaurants, hotels, retail stores)Industry workersDomestic workers (maids, elderly caretakers, cooks, etc.)Agricultural workersSmall business owners

The Remittance Process in Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Moldova

20

Do you have any family members living outside your home country?

37%

63%

34%

66%

52%48%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

Yes

No

21

Percentage of adult population that receives remittances

21%

9%

9%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Moldova

Azerbaijan

Georgia

22

Percentage of adult population that receives remittances

2%9%9%

10%17%

21%26%

38%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Brazil

Azerbaijan

Georgia

Bolivia

Mexico

Moldova

El Salvador

Dominican Republic

23

Approximate number of adults who receive remittances from a family member or relative in another country

580,000

520,000

320,000

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000

Moldova

Azerbaijan

Georgia

24

How frequently does your family member send you money?

39%

51%

10%

26%

46%

28%21%

58%

21%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

Every monthor more

Every 2-6months

Once a year

25

Average Annual Remittance(in Euros)

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

Moldova

Azerbaijan

Georgia€950

€750

€750

26

Total Value of 2006 Remittances(in millions of Euros)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Moldova

Azerbaijan

Georgia €300

€390

€440

27

Country of Origin of Remittances

45%

32%

8%15%

79%

3% 4%10%

41%47%

3%9%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

Russia

WesternEurope

EasternEurope

Other

28

How do you receive the money?

64%

32%

4%

65%

23%

12%

48%

37%

15%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

Bank

Courier

Other

29

How many years has this family member been sending you money?

17%62%

21%

39%39%

22%

33%57%

10%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Moldova

Azerbaijan

Georgia Less thanone year

One to fiveyears

More thanfive years

30

Relationship of Sender to Recipient

27%54%

19%

49%33%

18%

51%36%

13%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Moldova

Azerbaijan

Georgia Husband / Wife

Father / Mother /Son / Daughter

Brother / Sister /Other

31

How often do you communicate with your family member?

79%

17%

4%

72%

17%11%

84%

12%4%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

Once amonth ormore

A fewtimes ayear

Once ayear

32

How many people benefit from the remittance?

23%62%

15%

65%26%

9%

49%43%

8%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Moldova

Azerbaijan

GeorgiaOne

Two-three

Four ormore

Remittances from Russia to Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Moldova

34

In 2006, did you send money to any of your relatives or friends living in your home country?

58%

42%

64%

36%

63%

37%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Georgians Azeris Moldovans

YesNo

35

Remittance Senders

76% 73% 70%64% 63% 58%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

SouthAmericans

in Spain

LatinAmericans

in US

Braziliansin Japan

Azeris inRussia

Moldovansin Russia

Georgiansin Russia

36

In 2006, did you send money to any of your relatives or friends living in your home country?All Immigrant Workers by Years of Residency in Russia

45%55%

62%

38%

64%

36%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Less than 3 years 3 to 10 years More than 10years

YesNo

Leveraging Remittances for the Economic Development of Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Moldova

38

How do you receive the money?

64%

32%

4%

65%

23%

12%

48%

37%

15%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

Bank

Courier

Other

39

Image of BanksRemittance Recipients

20%20%

60%

10%18%

72%

5%14%

81%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Moldova

Azerbaijan

Georgia Positive

Negative

No opinion

40

Do you have a bank account?Remittance Recipients

11%

89%

23%

77%

19%

81%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

Yes

No

41

Do you have a bank account?Remittance Senders in Russia

17%

5%

78%

22%

4%

74%

15%8%

77%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Georgians Azeris Moldovans

Yes, in Russia

Yes, in homecountry

No

42

Approximate Portion of Remittance Spent on Daily Expenses

9%28%

63%

16%17%

67%

9%19%

72%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Moldova

Azerbaijan

GeorgiaAll

Half tothree-quarters

Quarter orless

43

Do you have any investments?Remittance Recipients

8%

92%

7%

93%

16%

84%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova

Property /Business /Savingsaccount

None

44

Remittance recipients “very interested” in financial investment products in Georgia

22%

26%

28%

32%

40%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Open savings account

Finance university loan

Mortgage / loan to buy house

Loan to finance business

Health / life insurance

45

Remittance recipients “very interested” in financial investment products in Azerbaijan

9%

14%

23%

28%

33%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Loan to finance business

Finance university loan

Open savings account

Health / life insurance

Mortgage / loan to buy house

46

Remittance recipients “very interested” in financial investment products in Moldova

15%

19%

19%

19%

20%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Open savings account

Finance university loan

Loan to finance business

Health / life insurance

Mortgage / loan to buy house