Regional Groundwater Flow

I. Introduction

A. Diagram“ the water table is a subdued replica of the surface topography”

II. Groundwater Flow Patterns

II. Groundwater Flow Patterns

GW Divide

II. Groundwater Flow Patterns

GW Divide

Hinge Line

II. Groundwater Flow Patterns

GW Divide

Hinge Line

Recharge Zone Discharge ZoneDischarge Zone

III. Piezometer Patterns

IV. Effects of Topography

Toth systems of flow

local

intermediate

regional

IV. Effects of Topography

IV. Effects of Topography

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)

A. Topography

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)

A. Topography

B. Piezometer Trends

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)

A. Topography

B. Piezometer Trends

C. Hydrochemical Trends

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)

A. Topography

B. Piezometer Trends

C. Hydrochemical Trends

D. Environmental Isotopes

V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)

A. Topography

B. Piezometer Trends

C. Hydrochemical Trends

D. Environmental Isotopes

E. Soil, Vegetation and Land Surface Features

VI. Salt Water Encroachment

A. The problem

VI. Salt Water Encroachment

B. Possible Solutions

1. modification of pumping pattern

VI. Salt Water Encroachment

B. Possible Solutions

2. artificial recharge

3. pumping troughs

4. freshwater ridge (injection barrier)

5. subsurface barrier

VI. Salt Water Encroachment

B. Possible Solutions

1. modification of pumping pattern

2. artificial recharge

3. pumping troughs

4. freshwater ridge (injection barrier)

5. subsurface barrier

VI. Salt Water Encroachment

C. Predicting the Intrusion

Ghyben-Herzberg Principlez(x,y) = ρw * h(x,y)

ρs - ρw

VI. Salt Water Encroachment

C. Predicting the Intrusion

Ghyben-Herzberg Principlez(x,y) = ρw * h(x,y)

ρs - ρw

If ρs = 1.025; ρw = 1.000then z(x,y) = 40h(x,y)