Post on 08-Sep-2018
Eckert & Ziegler Reference & Calibration SourcesProduct Information
uncoatedpantone 193u
pantone 201c coated
R&C2007v1.0
Eckert & Ziegler Reference & Calibration Sources Product Information
General Information 3
Contact 3
Licensing 3
Returns Policy 3
Quality Assurance 4
Methods of Calibration 5
Traceability 5
Special Isotopes 6
Standard & Radionuclide Solutions 10
Multinuclide Standards 18
Large Volume Calibration Standards 30
Alpha Particle Standards 34
Beta Particle Standards 40
Gamma and X-Ray Standards 44
Planar Calibration Standards 54
Sources for Research Applications 66
Additional Information 72
Leak Test Information 72
Curie/SI Conversion Tables 73
ANSI/ISO Classifications 74
Alpha Decay Nuclide Data 76
Beta Decay Nuclide Data 77
Gamma Decay Nuclide Data 78
Packaging & Shipping Containers 80
Terms and Conditions 81
Notes 82
Table of Contents
3 R&C2007v1.0
Contact
Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products24937 Avenue TibbittsValencia, CA 91355 USAPhone: (661) 309-1010Fax: (661) 257-8303Email: ipl@ezag.comWeb: www.ezag.com
Mail payments to:24937 Avenue Tibbitts Valencia, CA 91355
Invoice Questions: (661) 309-1010
Licensing Requirements
It is Company policy to require written verification of the customer’s Agreement State or NRC radioactive materials license for all items. No orders will be processed without a copy of the customer’s license on file at Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products (EZIP). This may be either a copy of the applicable portion of the license or a signed document on company letterhead stating that the customer’s license (include license number) authorizes possession of the desired items in the form and quantity described on the purchase order. Compliance with applicable local, state and federal regulations concerning procurement and possession of radioactive materials is the responsibility of the customer.
General Information
Exempt Quantities
Small amounts of some byproduct material may be purchased without a specific license per Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations 10CFR30.18 and 10CFR30.71 Schedule B or the equivalent Agreement State regulations. Sources purchased as exempt quantities must be catalog items. Up to ten license exempt radioactive standards or sources may be shipped at one time. NRC regulations prohibit the further incorporation or use of license exempt sources in a manufactured device intended for further distribution. Contact the NRC or appropriate state agency for information on the use or possession of license exempt sources.
Returns Policy
Due to the nature of our products, all sales are final and no items can be returned for credit unless the customer has demonstrated that the product does not meet specifications. Such a claim must be made, and the source returned to EZIP, within 60 days after receipt of the shipment. NOTE: Before any return is made, EZIP must be notified so that a return authorization number can be assigned and proper shipping arrangements can be made. Shipments returned without a proper authorization number may be refused upon delivery.
Full credit will be given for sources that are found not to meet specifications as long as the source is returned to EZIP within the 60-day period mentioned above. EZIP will pay the return freight for the source, and the freight on the replacement. Sources reported and returned after the 60-day period will not be given credit, nor will EZIP pay for the return freight.
In the case that the customer ordered the incorrect part the following will apply:
n The customer will have 30 days to request a replacement source. There will be a restocking fee charged for the original source. If the customer calls between 30 and 60 days, only 50% credit will be given for the original source.
n After a 60-day period, no credit will be given.
n In all instances freight charges are the responsibility of the customer. In the event that the sources are being returned from an overseas location, the shipment must be sent with DDP (Delivery Duty Paid) terms so that the customer is billed for all fees.
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EZIP manufactures a wide range of nuclear medicine devices that bear the CE Mark. Please note that these items are not offered in this catalog. Please request a Nuclear Medicine catalog from our customer service department for a full listing of our CE Marked products. This indicates their conformity to the provisions of Council Directive 93/42/EEC Annex II and enables them to be distributed freely within the European Community. All issues regarding any EZIP CE Marked sources in Europe are handled and reported by EZIP’s European representative which can be contacted as follows:
BEBIG Isotopen- und Medizintechnik GmbHRobert-Rössle-Straße 10D-13125 Berlinwww.bebig.dePhone: + 49 (0) 30 94 10 84 - 0Fax: + 49 (0) 30 94 10 84 - 240
General Information
Quality Assurance
EZIP maintains a comprehensive Quality Assurance program based on a number of industry recognized standards and regulations ensuring the production of consistently high value quality products.
EZIP’s quality system is registered to ISO 9001/EN46001 and follows the regulations set forth in NRC Regulatory Guide 4.1.5 and 10CFR Appendix B, the required directive for the Nuclear Power Utilities and their suppliers.
For the quality-control testing of custom-geometry gamma-ray standards, Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products maintains a current database including efficiencies from more than 40,000 individual standards in over 600 geometries. This data collection also allows Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products to assist its customers in making informed decisions when choosing geometries and optimum activities for calibrating detectors.
These services are included as part of the package when purchasing standards from EZIP. All of our resources are available to assist you with your purchase. These are the reasons we say “Our Universe is Calibration” and why we believe it makes a difference to our customers. We invite you to visit our universe and investigate how we can meet your calibration needs.
Product Changes
New product and method development is a continuing process at EZIP. Catalog specifications notwithstanding, we reserve the right to change production methods or fabrication techniques which do not diminish the performance of the product.
Please contact customer support for product options or configurations that you may want that are not explicitly stated in this catalog. EZIP also offers engineering support to design or develop custom sources for your specific radiological needs.
Availability
Since EZIP manufactures a large variety of products with many options, only a small inventory of certain finished products is maintained. Most items can be shipped within thirty to forty-five days after receipt of the order. Please contact the sales order department for more information regarding the availability of a certain product or nuclide.
Terms, Conditions and Warranty
Our payment terms are net 30 days from date of shipment, delays in mailing of invoice notwithstanding.
All payments are to be made in U.S. Dollars. A $700 documentary collection handling charge will be assessed to all orders involving a documentary letter of credit or draft for collection. A $50 handling fee will be charged for all orders involving prepayment via wire transfer of funds. All new accounts must submit banking information and three references for credit review. Please allow three days to verify your credit status.
See page 81 for complete terms and conditions.
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Methods of Calibration
EZIP participates in the Radioactivity Measurements Assurance Program (MAP) conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in cooperation with the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI).
In this program NIST provides blind samples which are assayed by EZIP, with the results sent to NIST. NIST then reports back to EZIP the difference between the NIST calibrated value and the EZIP calibrated value. In addition, EZIP routinely sends finished products to NIST for product verification and calibration. Over the years, EZIP has maintained a high degree of precision and accuracy with NIST. Traceability is established and maintained through this cross-calibration process.
EZIP is also accredited through DKD (a globally recognized calibration accreditation agency) with the German National Laboratory (PTB) to offer DKD accredited calibrations for a large number of nuclides that EZIP regularly handles in its manufacturing facilities. Please contact customer service for availability of DKD accredited certification for your sources.
A certificate of calibration is provided for each traceable source as either NIST or DKD. The certificate provides a statement of traceability, a complete description of the physical and nuclear characteristics of the source, a description of the calibration method and quantitative identification of detected impurities. Activities are given in the Curie and SI systems. Sources are manufactured with contained activity values of +/-15% of the requested activity value unless otherwise noted in the catalog. All electroplated sources have a tolerance of +/-30% of the total contained activity.
The uncertainty value of the measured activity for a NIST traceable calibration can be as low as +/-3% at the 99% confidence level (k=2.58), and is no greater than +/-5% unless otherwise noted in the catalog. The uncertainty value of the measured activity for a DKD accredited calibration is typically 3 – 3.5% at the 95% confidence level (k=2) for those nuclides in EZIP’s DKD Scope of Accreditation. Please contact customer service regarding the specific measurement uncertainty limit for each nuclide.
EZIP maintains a variety of state-of-the-art detector systems to calibrate sources and to check for impurities. The calibration equipment is checked daily using NIST traceable standards and stability is further ensured by maintaining the instrumentation in a carefully controlled environment. All assay equipment and techniques are verified through MAP on an on-going basis.
Sources are either calibrated directly against NIST standards or by using NIST traceable assay equipment and techniques.
Traceability
Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products is committed to ensuring the traceability of its radionuclide calibration standards. For more than twenty-five years Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products has participated in Measurements Assurance Programs (MAPs) with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and has successfully completed over 1800 individual measurements on 40 different radionuclides. EZIP's participation in the NIST/ Nuclear Energy Institute (NIST/NEI) Measurements Assurance Program for the Nuclear Power Industry satisfies the requirements of the United States’
Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Regulatory Guide 4.15, Revision 1, 1979, and ANSI N42.22-1995 American National Standard – Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Associated Instrument Quality Control.
Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products is an active participant with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) subcommittee on radioactivity measurements. EZIP's personnel have assisted in the writing of the standard on traceability (ANSI N42.22) and are assisting in the development of an accreditation program for standards suppliers.
Half-Life Uncertainties
The half-lives for each nuclide mentioned in the EZIP Standards Catalog are listed along with their uncertainties and the reference from which these values were taken on pages 76–79 of the catalog. In all other sections of the catalog where half-lives are stated, the uncertainties have been omitted.
Photon Emissions Used in Source Calibration
A listing of the principal emissions are listed for every nuclide in all the individual sections of this product catalog. The specific values used in the calibration of the sources are listed for each nuclide on pages 76–79.
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Reference and Calibration Sources
The following isotopes may require consultation with Technical Support before ordering. The information in this table is meant to alert the end user of these isotopes to certain features and issues associated with them.
Special Isotopes
Si-32 P-32 daughter is in equilibrium. Glass containers are not suitable for long-term storage of Si-32 solutions and solutions sold by EZIP are packaged in polypropylene v-vials.
Ni-63 Beta sources have no cover, and due to self-absorption within sources, they are certified for contained activity, and separately for surface emission rate.
Ge-68 Ga-68 daughter (half-life: 68 minutes) is in equilibrium; both the positrons and 1077 keV gamma rays come from Ga-68.
Sr-90 Y-90 daughter (half-life: 2.67 days) is in equilibrium. Users are urged to distinguish between orders for Sr-90 only and Sr-90/Y-90 taking into account activity of Y-90 present. The certified activity is generally for Sr-90 only. The surface emission rate for beta sources is for Sr-90, plus Y-90.
Zr-95 Nb-95 daughter is generally not in equilibrium. Glass containers are not suitable for long-term storage of Zr-95 solutions, and EZIP packages Zr-95 in polypropylene v-vials.
Ru-106 Rh-106 daughter (half-life: 29.8 seconds) is in equilibrium. All gamma rays come from the daughter Rh-106.
I-131Sim Simulated I-131 is made from Ba-133 and Cs-137 to simulate I-131 in terms of gamma emissions. I-131 has gamma rays at 364 keV (81.2%) and at 636, 642, and 723 keV with branching ratios of 7.27, 0.220 and 1.80%, respectively. Ba-133 has gamma rays at 356 (61.94%) and 384 keV (8.905%). The gamma rays at 356 and 384 keV from Ba-133 are used to simulate the 364 keV gamma ray of I-131. The 662 keV gamma rays from Cs-137 are used to simulate the 636, 642, and 723 keV gamma rays of I-131. To produce the same number of gamma rays as 1 uCi of I-131 (at 364 keV), the amount of Ba-133 required will be (81.2/61.94+8.90) =1.146 µCi and the amount of Cs-137 needed will be (7.27+0.220+1.80)/85.1 = 0.1092 µCi.
Pb-210 Bi-210 daughter is in equilibrium.
Ra-226 Daughters (Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214 Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210) may not be in equilibrium. Radon is a noble gas and will diffuse from the surface of its source and contaminate exposed surfaces. Open sources must be handled with caution.
Th-228 Daughters (Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Po-212, Tl-208) may not be in equilibrium. Radon is a noble gas and will diffuse from the surface of its source and contaminate exposed surfaces. Open sources must be handled with caution.
Th-232 Daughters (Ra-228, Ac-228, Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Po-212, Tl-208) may not be in equilibrium. Due to its extremely low specific activity, only very small quantities of activity may be available.
Am-241 Type M source has a backing of 0.0254 mm platinum plus 9.23 mg/cm2 kapton and a cover of 0.0254 mm aluminum.
Am-243 Np-239 (beta active, half-life: 2.35 days) daughter is in equilibrium. Gamma rays (from Np-239): 106.1 keV (27.2%), 228.2 keV (11.27%), 277.6 keV (14.38%).
Cf-252 Will have californium impurities and is supplied with a Technical Data Sheet. It is sold as a neutron source, fission source or alpha source, and calibrated accordingly.
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Uranium
Uranium consists of a mixture of isotopes. All uranium sources, in general, are certified on the basis of specific activity and mass. EZIP calculates the activity percentages of the isotopes present using technical data provided by the vendor of the material, and writes a Technical Data Sheet. The Technical Data Sheet is a part of the Certificate of Calibration.
Uranium Isotopes
U-232 Due to relatively short half-life, this isotope is generally free from other uranium isotopes. Daughters (Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Po-212, Tl-208) may not be in equilibrium. When this isotope is available, sources and solutions are sold as:
1. Purified with no daughters: If this kind is ordered, the daughters have to be separated, the solution calibrated (using LSC) and the solution shipped within 72 hours.
2. As is: (amount of daughters to be calculated).3. Daughters in equilibrium : In this case the right amount of Th-228 (in equilibrium with its daughters) is added.
Please contact customer service for availability of this isotope.
U-233 Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the primary isotope or the total activity.
U-235 Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the total uranium activity. Please contact customer service for specific requirements.
U-236 Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the primary isotope or the total uranium activity.
U-238 Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the total uranium activity. Please specify natural or depleted. U-238 will be in equilibrium with Th-234 and Pa-234m (both beta active). Please contact customer service for specific requirements.
It is very difficult to separate U-234 from U-235. Since the specific activity of U-234 is 2867 times that of U-235, a 1% amount by mass of U-234 in U-235 will create an activity of U-234 28 times higher than that of U-235.
Since the amount of uranium mass itself in a solution could be substantial, the solution densities could be much higher than the diluent (as high as 1.5 g/cc). Uranium sources are generally electroplated on an aluminum surface.
Natural uranium has the following atom % composition: U-234 = 0.0055 atom % U-235 = 0.720 atom % U-238 = 99.2745 atom %
Enriched means higher atom % of U-235 than natural uranium.
Depleted means lower atom % of U-235 than natural uranium.
Special Isotopes
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Plutonium
Plutonium consists of a mixture of isotopes. EZIP calculates the activity percentages of the isotopes present using technical data provided by the vendor of the material, and writes a Technical Data Sheet. The Technical Data Sheet is a part of the Certificate of Calibration.
Plutonium isotopes are complicated by the presence of Pu-241, which is beta active, and has a relatively short half-life of 14.4 years. Its daughter is Am-241, which is alpha active with significant gamma rays.
Plutonium Isotopes
Pu-238 Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the primary isotope or the total activity.
Pu-239 Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the primary isotope or the total activity.
Pu-240 Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the primary isotope or the total activity.
Pu-241 Beta active. Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the Pu-241 isotope.
Pu-242 Technical Data Sheet, and EZIP will specify the activity for the primary isotope or the total activity.
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Standards Solutions 7000 Series
Accuracy: Each nuclide is NIST traceable, and many are DKD traceable. Please inquire with an Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products customer service representative regarding specific nuclides. Contained activity values have a ±15% relative to the requested activity value. The uncertainty value of the measured activity value for a NIST-traceable calibration can theoretically be as low as ±3% at the 99% confidence level (k=2.58) but will be no greater than ±5% unless otherwise noted elsewhere in this publication. For DKD-accredited calibrations, the uncertainty value of the measured activity value is typically 3.0-3.5% at the 95% confidence limit (k=2) for certain nuclides in Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products DKD Scope of Accreditation. Please inquire with an Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products customer service representative regarding the specific measurement uncertainty limit for each nuclide.
Activity: Solutions are available in a variety of activities. Activity ranges for each nuclide are listed in the tables on pages 13–17.
Molarity: Different molarities are available upon request.
Carrier: Carrier materials will be added when considered appropriate or upon request.
Purity: Radionuclidic impurities are specified on the Certificate of Calibration. For applications that require specific radionuclidic purity requirements, please contact customer service. For many alpha emitting nuclides and transuranics, radionuclidic purity is not always possible due to short lived daughters, and it is typical for isotopic ratios to vary greatly from batch to batch.
Chemical purity is not determined by EZIP, and is not reported on the Certificate of Calibration. Please contact customer service for special requirements.
Packaging: Radionuclide solutions packaging is offered in a variety of vials and ampoules listed on page 12 of this catalog. Please specify activity, and fill volume. Fill volumes must be at least 50% of the capacity of the chosen vial. There may be an extra charge for some options. Customer supplied vials on all solution orders are not guaranteed by EZIP to be leak proof during shipment, and EZIP will not honor return or credit requests for leaking solutions in customer supplied vials. An extra charge for shielding high activity beta and gamma emitter solutions may apply. Please contact customer service for details.
Delivery: Most solutions are delivered within 10-14 days ARO. Expedited orders may be available upon request.
Radionuclidic Solutions 6000 Series
Accuracy: Each isotope has a nominal contained activity of ±15%.
Activity: Solutions are available in a variety of activities. Activity ranges for each nuclide are listed in the tables on pages 13–17.
Molarity: Different molarities are available upon request.
Carrier: Carrier materials will be added when considered appropriate or on request.
Purity: Radionuclidic impurities are specified on the Nominal Data Sheet. For applications that require specific
radionuclidic purity, please contact customer service. For many alpha emitting nuclides and transuranics, radionuclidic purity is not always possible due to short lived daughters, and it is typical for isotopic ratios to vary greatly from batch to batch.
Chemical purity is not determined by EZIP, and is not reported on the Certificate of Calibration. Please contact customer service for special requirements.
Packaging: Radionuclide solutions packaging is offered in a variety of vials and ampoules listed on page 12 of this catalog. Please specify activity, and fill volume. Fill volumes must be at least 50% of the capacity of the chosen vial. There may be an extra
charge for some options. Customer supplied vials on all solution orders are not guaranteed by EZIP to be leak proof during shipment, and EZIP will not honor return or credit requests for leaking solutions in customer supplied vials. An extra charge for shielding high activity beta and gamma emitter solutions may apply. Please contact customer service for details.
Delivery: Most solutions are delivered in 7 days ARO. Expedited orders may be available upon request.
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Standard & Radionuclide Solutions
Container Configuration Material Volume Dimensions
Outer Diameter x Length
V-Vial Glass 1 mL 0.55” x 1.93” (14 mm x 49 mm)
V-Vial Glass 5 mL 0.83” x 1.93” (21 mm x 62 mm)
V-Vial Glass 10 mL 1.0” x 2.9” (25 mm x 74 mm)
Serum Vial Glass 10 mL 0.98” x 2.13” (25 mm x 54 mm)
Serum Vial Glass 20 mL 1.18” x 2.24” (30 mm x 57 mm)
Flame Sealed Ampoule (FSA) Glass 1 mL 0.41” x 2.64” (10.4 mm x 67 mm)
Flame Sealed Ampoule (FSA) Glass 5 mL 0.65” x 3.31” (16.5 mm x 84 mm)
Flame Sealed Ampoule (FSA) Glass 10 mL 0.75” x 4.21” (19 mm x 107 mm)
Flame Sealed Ampoule (FSA) Glass 20 mL 0.89” x 5.12” (22.6 mm x 130 mm)
Flame Sealed Ampoule (FSA) Glass 50 mL 1.12” x 7.0” (28.5 mm x 178 mm)
V-Vial Polypropylene 2 mL 0.51” x 1.83” (12.7 mm x 46.5 mm)
V-Vial Polypropylene 5 mL 0.80” x 2.34” (20.3 mm x 59.4 mm)
Plastic Bottle Polypropylene 125 mL 2.0” x 4.0” (50.8 mm x 101.6 mm)
Plastic Bottle Polypropylene 1000 mL 3.5” x 8.0” (88.9 mm x 203.2 mm)
Ordering and Quotations
To place an order or receive a quotation for any standard or radionuclide solution please provide the following inwformation: n Catalog Numbern Activityn Configuration (include vial type
and volume)n Fill Volume
Orders and quotations may be faxed, phoned or e-mailed to customer service: Phone: (661) 309-1010Fax: (661) 257-8303Email: sales@ezag.com
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Nuclide & Chemical FormCatalog Number
Uncertainty (NIST) (99% Confidence Level)
Minimum Activity
Maximum Activiity
Aluminum-26 On Request
Americium-241 6241 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Americium chloride in 1 M HCL 7241 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Americium-243 6243 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Americium chloride in 1 M HCL 7243 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Antimony-124 6124 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Antimony chloride in 6 M HCl 7124 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Antimony-125 6225 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Antimony chloride in 6 M HCl 7225 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Barium-133 6133 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Barium chloride in 0.1M HCl 7133 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Beryllium-7 On Request
Beryllium chloride in 0.5 M HCl On Request
Bismuth-207 6207 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Bismuth chloride in 1M HCl 7207 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Cadmium-109 6109 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Cadmium chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7109 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 500 µCi 18.5 MBq
Calcium-45 6045 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Calcium chloride in H2O 7045 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Californium-252 6252 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Californium nitrate in 0.1 M HNO3 7252 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Carbon-14 (1) 6014 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Benzoic Acid-Carboxyl-C-14 in 0.1 M NaOH 7014 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Cerium-139 6139 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Cerium chloride in 0.5M HCl 7139 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Cerium-141 On Request
Cesium-134(2) 6134 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Cesium chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7134 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Cesium-137 6137 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Cesium chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7137 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Chlorine-36 6036 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Sodium chloride in H2O 7036 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Chromium-51 6051 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Chromium chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7051 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 500 nCi 18.5 kBq 500 µCi 18.5 MBq
Cobalt-56 (3) 6056 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Cobalt chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7056 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 200 nCi 7.4 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Cobalt-57 6057 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Cobalt chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7057 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Co-56 and Co-58 < 0.2%
1) Cannot offer Na2CO
3 or any other carbonic acid form.
2) May contain Ba-133 impurity.3) Impurities may exceed 10%. This isotope is sold as-is. Please contact customer service if you have specific requirements.
All solutions are prepared to a tolerance of +/-15% of the requested activity. NIST traceable calibrated solution uncertainties are stated in the table.
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Standard & Radionuclide Solutions
Nuclide & Chemical FormCatalog Number
Uncertainty (NIST) (99% Confidence Level)
Minimum Activity
Maximum Activiity
Cobalt-58 On Request
Cobalt-60 6060 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Cobalt chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7060 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Curium-244 6244 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Curium nitrate in 1 M HNO3 7244 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Europium-152 6152 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Europium chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7152 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 500 nCi 18.5 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Eu-154 <2%
Gd-153 impurity as high as 13%. Call customer service for specific information.
Europium-154 (1) 6154 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Europium chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7154 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 500 nCi 18.5 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Europium-155 (1) 6155 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Europium chloride in 0.5M HCl 7155 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 200 nCi 7.4 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Gadolinium-148 On Request
Gadolinium-153 6153 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Gadolinium chloride in 1 M HCl 7153 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 200 nCi 7.4 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Eu-154 < 2%
Germanium-68 (2) 6068 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 85 MBq
Germanium chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7068 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 µCi 37 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Gold-195 On Request
Gold-198 On Request
Holmium-166m (1) 6166 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Holmium chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7166 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 200 nCi 7.4 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Hydrogen-3 6003 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Hydrogen-3 as H2O 7003 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 500 nCi 18.5 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Iodine-125 6125 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Sodium iodide in 0.1M NaOH 7125 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 200 nCi 7.4 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Iodine-129 6129 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 10 µCi 370 kBq
Sodium iodide in 0.1 M NaOH 7129 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 µCi 37 kBq 10 µCi 370 kBq
Iodine-131 6131 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Sodium iodide in 0.1 M NaOH 7131 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Iridium-192 6192 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Iridium chloride in 0.1 M HCl or 7192 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Hexachloroiridate in H2O
Iron-55 6055 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Ferric chloride in 1 M HCl 7055 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-6.0% 20 µCi 740 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
1) This isotope is sold as-is. Please contact customer service if you have specific impurity requirements.2) In equilibrium with daughter Ga-68.
All solutions are prepared to a tolerance of +/-15% of the requested activity. NIST traceable calibrated solution uncertainties are stated in the table.
15 R&C2007v1.0
Nuclide & Chemical FormCatalog Number
Uncertainty (NIST) (99% Confidence Level)
Minimum Activity
Maximum Activiity
Iron-59 6059 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Ferric chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7059 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Lead-210 6210 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Lead nitrate in 1M HNO3 (1) 7210 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-7.1% 200 nCi 7.4 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Manganese-54 6054 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Manganese chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7054 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Mercury-203 6203 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Mercury chloride in 1 M HCl 7203 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Neptunium-237 6237 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Neptunium nitrate in 4 M HNO3 7237 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Nickel-63 6063 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Nickel chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7063 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Niobium-95 6195 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Niobium chloride in 6 M HCl 7195 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Phosphorus-32 6032 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Phosphoric acid in 0.02 M HCl 7032 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 µCi 37 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium-238 6238 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Plutonium nitrate in 4 M HNO3 7238 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium-239 6239 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium nitrate in 4 M HNO3 7239 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium-240 6240 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium nitrate in 4 M HNO3 7240 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium-241 6341 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium nitrate in 4 M HNO3 7341 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3.5–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium-242 6242 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Plutonium nitrate in 4 M HNO3 7242 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Purity specifications available upon request
Polonium-208 On Request
Polonium-209 6209 Nominal Solution uncertainty +/-3.0% 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 nCi 3.7 kBq
Polonium nitrate in 1M HNO3 7209 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 nCi 3.7 kBq
Polonium-210 6310 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Polonium chloride in 2 M HCl 7310 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Promethium-147 6147 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Promethium chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7147 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Radium-226 6226 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 370 kBq
Radium nitrate in 1 M HNO3 7226 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 370 kBq
Radium-228 On Request
To place an order or receive a quotation for any standard or radionuclide solution please provide the following information: Catalog Number, Activity, Configuration (include vial type and volume), and Fill Volume.
Customer Service–Orders and quotations may be faxed, phoned, or e-mailed: Phone: (661) 309-1010 Fax: (661) 257-8303Email: sales@ezag.com
1) In equilibrium with daughter Bi-210.
All solutions are prepared to a tolerance of +/-15% of the requested activity. NIST traceable calibrated solution uncertainties are stated in the table.
16 R&C2007v1.0
Standard & Radionuclide Solutions
Nuclide & Chemical FormCatalog Number
Uncertainty (NIST) (99% Confidence Level)
Minimum Activity
Maximum Activiity
Rhenium-186 On Request
Rhenium-188 On Request
Ruthenium-103 6103 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Ruthenium chloride in 4 M HCl 7103 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Ruthenium-106 6106 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Ruthenium chloride in 6 M HCl 7106 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Samarium-151 On Request
Scandium-46 6046 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Scandium chloride in 0.5M HCl 7046 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Selenium-75 6075 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Selenious acid in 0.1 M HCl 7075 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Silicon-32 (1) 6132 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Sodium silicate in 0.1M NaOH 7132 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Silver-110m 6110 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Silver nitrate in 0.1 M HNO3 7110 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Sodium-22 6022 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Sodium chloride in H2O 7022 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Strontium-85 6085 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Strontium chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7085 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Strontium-89 On Request
Strontium-90 (2) 6090 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Strontium chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7090 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Sulfur-35 6035 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Sodium Sulfate in H2O 7035 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Tantalum-182 (3) 6182 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Tantalum nitrate in 4 M HNO3 + 0.2M HF 7182 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Technetium-95m On Request
Technetium-99 (4) 6099 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Ammonium pertechnetate in H2O 7099 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Tellurium-123m 6123 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Tellurous acid in 4 M HCl 7123 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Thallium-204 6204 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Thallium chloride in 1 M HCl 7204 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Thorium-228 6228 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Thorium nitrate in ThCl4 in 1M HCl 7228 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
1) In equilibrium with daughter P-32. Packaged in polypropylene vial. 2) In equilibrium with Y-90. 3) Packaged in polypropylene vial.4) 0.65 mCi/mL solubility limit.
All solutions are prepared to a tolerance of +/-15% of the requested activity. NIST traceable calibrated solution uncertainties are stated in the table.
17 R&C2007v1.0
Nuclide & Chemical FormCatalog Number
Uncertainty (NIST) (99% Confidence Level)
Minimum Activity
Maximum Activiity
Thorium-229 6229 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Thorium nitrate in 0.1 M HNO3 7229 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Thorium-230 6230 Nominal Solution 10 nCi 37 Bq 10 µCi 3.7 MBq
Thorium nitrate in 0.1 M HNO3 7230 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 10 µCi 3.7 MBq
Thorium-232 6232 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 90 nCi 3.3 kBq
Thorium nitrate in H2O 7232 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 90 µCi 3.3 kBq
Tin-113 6113 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Hexachlorostannate (IV) in 4 M HCl 7113 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Uranium-232 On Request
Uranium-233 6233 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 10 µCi 370 kBq
Uranyl nitrate in dilute Nitric Acid 7233 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 10 µCi 370 kBq
Uranium-235 6235 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 nCi 3.7 kBq
Uranyl nitrate in dilute Nitric Acid 7235 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 nCi 3.7 kBq
Uranium-236 6336 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Uranyl nitrate in dilute Nitric Acid 7336 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Uranium-238 6338 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 100 nCi 3.7 kBq
Uranyl nitrate in dilute Nitric Acid 7338 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 10 nCi 370 Bq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Yttrium-88 6088 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Yttrium chloride in 0.1 M HCl 7088 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Zinc-65 6065 Nominal Solution 1 nCi 37 Bq 5 mCi 185 MBq
Zinc chloride in 0.5 M HCl 7065 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 100 nCi 3.7 kBq 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
Zirconium-95 (1) 6095 Nominal Solution 1 nCi* 37 Bq* 5 mCi* 185 MBq*
Zirconium oxalate in 0.5M Oxalic Acid 7095 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 200 nCi* 7.4 kBq* 100 µCi* 3.7 MBq*
1) Packaged in polypropylene vial. *Assuming low % Nb-95 daughter. Call customer service for information.
To place an order or receive a quotation for any standard or radionuclide solution please provide the following information: Catalog Number, Activity, Configuration (include vial type and volume), and Fill Volume.
Customer Service–Orders and quotations may be faxed, phoned, or e-mailed: Phone: (661) 309-1010 Fax: (661) 257-8303Email: sales@ezag.com
All solutions are prepared to a tolerance of +/-15% of the requested activity. NIST traceable calibrated solution uncertainties are stated in the table.
19 R&C2007v1.0
The nine-nuclide gamma standard, routinely used to establish efficiency curves for gamma spectrometers, covers an energy range from 88 keV to 1836 keV. As options, Am-241 and/or Pb-210 can be added to extend the calibration curve down to 60 keV and 46 keV respectively. IPL offers two nine-nuclide gamma standards. Series 7500 contains Te-123m and Cr-51 for those customers who require a non-mercury containing standard.
Series 7600 contains Hg-203 and Ce-139. Please note that Hg-203 may leach out from polyethylene containers and may contaminate the entire container. Proper handling techniques must be observed. The component nuclides of each series have been chosen to minimize peak interference, and the activity ratios have been selected to yield similar count rates in all major peaks on typical coaxial germanium detectors.
The multinuclide standards are NIST traceable with each component certified with an uncertainty less than ± 5% at the 99% confidence level except for Pb-210 when added. The multinuclide standards are prepared gravimetrically from calibrated solutions and then confirmed using a high purity germanium detector to ensure the highest possible quality.
Multinuclide standards are made to order and are available on a year-round basis in a variety of configurations described on pages 22–24. Standards can be supplied for special applications with nuclides, activities, containers and matrices manufactured to customer specifications.
0.01
0.1
1
10 100 1000 10000
Energy (keV)
Effi
cien
cy (%
)
Typical Efficiency vs. Energy Plot for 7500 ML
Energy (keV)
10 100 1000 10000
0.01
0.1
1
Eff
icie
ncy
(%
)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Co
un
ts
Energy (keV)Energy (keV)
Co
un
ts
0 2500500 1000 1500 2000
10
1
100
1000
10000
100000
Figure 19-A: Typical Efficiency vs. Energy Plot for 7500 ML
Figure 19-B: Multinuclide Spectrum of a 5 μCi Solution Containing Te-123m and Cr-51, Series 7500
20 R&C2007v1.0
Multinuclide Standards
Model 7500—7500 ML
Isotope Half-Life Years or Days
Gamma Ray (MeV)
Photons/ Decay % Activity (µCi) Activity in
1 µCi, kBqPhotons/s
per µCi
Cd-109 462.6 d 0.088 0.0363 28.7 0.287 10.6 385
Co-57 271.79 d 0.122 0.856 1.1 0.011 0.407 348
0.137 0.107 44
Te-123m 119.7 d 0.159 0.840 1.4 0.014 0.518 435
Cr-51 27.706 d 0.320 0.0986 35.7 0.357 13.2 1302
Sn-113 115.09 d 0.392 0.649 5.2 0.052 1.92 1249
Sr-85 64.849 d 0.514 0.984 6.6 0.066 2.44 2403
Cs-137 30.17 y 0.662 0.851 4.8 0.048 1.78 1511
Co-60 5.272 y 1.173 0.999 5.6 0.056 2.07 2070
1.333 0.999 2070
Y-88 106.63 d 0.898 0.940 10.9 0.109 4.03 3791
1.836 0.994 4009
Total 100.0 1.00 37.00
Model 7501—7500 ML + Am-241
Am-241 432.17 y 0.060 0.360 3.0 0.030 1.11 400
Cd-109 462.6 d 0.088 0.0363 28.7 0.287 10.6 385
Co-57 271.79 d 0.122 0.856 1.1 0.011 0.407 348
0.137 0.107 44
Te-123m 119.7 d 0.159 0.840 1.4 0.014 0.518 435
Cr-51 27.706 d 0.320 0.0986 35.7 0.357 13.2 1302
Sn-113 115.09 d 0.392 0.649 5.2 0.052 1.92 1249
Sr-85 64.849 d 0.514 0.984 6.6 0.066 2.44 2403
Cs-137 30.17 y 0.662 0.851 4.8 0.048 1.78 1511
Co-60 5.272 y 1.173 0.999 5.6 0.056 2.07 2070
1.333 0.999 2070
Y-88 106.63 d 0.898 0.940 10.9 0.109 4.03 3791
1.836 0.994 4009
Total 103.0 1.03 38.1
Model 7503—7500 ML + Am-241 + Pb-210
Pb-210 22.3 y 0.046 0.0418 30.0 0.300 11.10 464
Am-241 432.17 y 0.060 0.360 3.0 0.030 1.11 400
Cd-109 462.6 d 0.088 0.0363 28.7 0.287 10.6 385
Co-57 271.79 d 0.122 0.856 1.1 0.011 0.407 348
0.137 0.107 44
Te-123m 119.7 d 0.159 0.840 1.4 0.014 0.518 435
Cr-51 27.706 d 0.320 0.0986 35.7 0.357 13.2 1302
Sn-113 115.09 d 0.392 0.649 5.2 0.052 1.92 1249
Sr-85 64.849 d 0.514 0.984 6.6 0.066 2.44 2403
Cs-137 30.17 y 0.662 0.851 4.8 0.048 1.78 1511
Co-60 5.272 y 1.173 0.999 5.6 0.056 2.07 2070
1.333 0.999 2070
Y-88 106.63 d 0.898 0.940 10.9 0.109 4.03 3791
1.836 0.994 4009
Total 133.0 1.33 49.2
21 R&C2007v1.0
Model 7600—7600 ML
Isotope Half-Life Years or Days
Gamma Ray (MeV)
Photons/ Decay % Activity (µCi) Activity in
1 µCi, kBqPhotons/s
per µCi
Cd-109 462.6 d 0.088 0.0363 42.0 0.420 15.5 564
Co-57 271.79 d 0.122 0.856 1.6 0.016 0.592 507
0.137 0.107 63
Ce-139 137.64 d 0.166 0.799 2.0 0.020 0.740 591
Hg-203 46.595 d 0.279 0.815 6.0 0.060 2.22 1809
Sn-113 115.09 d 0.392 0.649 7.6 0.076 2.81 1825
Sr-85 64.849 d 0.514 0.984 9.6 0.096 3.55 3495
Cs-137 30.17 y 0.662 0.851 7.0 0.070 2.59 2204
Co-60 5.272 y 1.173 0.999 8.2 0.082 3.03 3031
1.333 0.999 3031
Y-88 106.63 d 0.898 0.940 16.0 0.160 5.92 5565
1.836 0.994 5884
Total 100.0 1.00 37.00
Model 7601—7600 ML + Am-241
Am-241 432.17 y 0.060 0.360 3.0 0.030 1.11 400
Cd-109 462.6 d 0.088 0.0363 42.0 0.420 15.5 564
Co-57 271.79 d 0.122 0.856 1.6 0.016 0.592 507
0.137 0.107 63
Ce-139 137.64 d 0.166 0.799 2.0 0.020 0.740 591
Hg-203 46.595 d 0.279 0.815 6.0 0.060 2.22 1809
Sn-113 115.09 d 0.392 0.649 7.6 0.076 2.81 1825
Sr-85 64.849 d 0.514 0.984 9.6 0.096 3.55 3495
Cs-137 30.17 y 0.662 0.851 7.0 0.070 2.59 2204
Co-60 5.272 y 1.173 0.999 8.2 0.082 3.03 3031
1.333 0.999 3031
Y-88 106.63 d 0.898 0.940 16.0 0.160 5.92 5565
1.836 0.994 5884
Total 103.0 1.03 38.1
Model 7603—7600 ML + Am-241 + Pb-210
Pb-210 22.3 y 0.046 0.0418 30.0 0.300 11.10 464
Am-241 432.17 y 0.060 0.360 3.0 0.030 1.11 400
Cd-109 462.6 d 0.088 0.0363 42.0 0.420 15.5 564
Co-57 271.79 d 0.122 0.856 1.6 0.016 0.592 507
0.137 0.107 63
Ce-139 137.64 d 0.166 0.799 2.0 0.020 0.740 591
Hg-203 46.595 d 0.279 0.815 6.0 0.060 2.22 1809
Sn-113 115.09 d 0.392 0.649 7.6 0.076 2.81 1825
Sr-85 64.849 d 0.514 0.984 9.6 0.096 3.55 3495
Cs-137 30.17 y 0.662 0.851 7.0 0.070 2.59 2204
Co-60 5.272 y 1.173 0.999 8.2 0.082 3.03 3031
1.333 0.999 3031
Y-88 106.63 d 0.898 0.940 16.0 0.160 5.92 5565
1.836 0.994 5884
Total 133.0 1.33 49.2
22 R&C2007v1.0
Multinuclide Standards
Multinuclide Solutions—7500 and 7600
Multinuclide solutions are available in 5 mL flame sealed glass ampoules. The nuclide mixture is supplied in 2 M HCl containing the appropriate amount of each carrier to prevent precipitation or adsorption on the glass walls. Additional ampoule sizes can be quoted on request.
Multinuclide Point Standards (GF-ML)
The GF-ML is available in the Type D or Type M configurations. See pages 46 and 48 for technical drawings. Both have a 1” (25.4 mm) outside diameter with nuclide deposited in the center of each disk.
10 µCi maximum activity for GF-ML-D, and 2 µCi maximum activity for GF-ML-M. Please contact customer service if greater activities are required.
Multinuclide Simulated Charcoal or Zeolite Cartridge (EG-CH-ML)
The activity is uniformly distributed between two polyimide films and placed under the screen of a 1” x 2.25” (25.4 mm x 57.2 mm) separable plastic charcoal cartridge (surface loaded). This configuration simulates a surface loaded charcoal cartridge. See page 33 for technical drawing.
Multinuclide Gamma Standard
Catalog Number
Uncertainty (99% Confidence Level)
Minimum Activity
Maximum Activiity
Mixed Gamma 7500 7500 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
Nine Nuclide Mixed Gamma Solution in 2 M HCl with Cr-51 and Te-123m
7501 with 3% Am-241 7501 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
7502 with30% Pb-210 (1) 7502 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
7503 with 3% Am-241 and 30% Pb-210 (1) 7503 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
Mixed Gamma 7600 7600 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
Nine Nuclide Mixed Gamma Solution in 2 M HCl with Hg-203 and Ce-139
7601 with 3% Am-241 7601 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
7602 with 30% Pb-210 (1) 7602 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
7603 with 3% Am-241 and 30% Pb-210 (1) 7603 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
Mixed Tri-Nuclide (2) 7700 Calibrated Solution uncertainty +/-3–5% 1 μCi 37 kBq 100 μCi 3.7 MBq
In 4 M HCl
1) Pb-210 uncertainity is +/- 7.1%2) See page 29 for specifications of this mixture.
23 R&C2007v1.0
Simulated Gas Standards (SGS-ML)
This configuration is available in the 7500 series only. EZIP's’ Simulated Gas Standard is used for the calibration of gamma-ray detectors for the counting of radioactive noble gases. EZIP supplies a uniform, low density foam standard in many configurations. These standards are available on a continual basis.
The nuclide combination employed in the Simulated Gas Standard is a nine-nuclide multinuclide gamma standard. Americium-241 and/or Lead-210 can be added to allow efficiency determinations down to 60 keV or 46 keV respectively. See page 20 for more information on our 7500 series nine-nuclide gamma standard.
Standard activity is 1-5 µCi (37 kBq-185 kBq) with higher activities on request. Single nuclide standards are also available on request. The foam matrix density range is 0.04-0.4 g/cc. The Simulated Gas Standards are NIST traceable ±5% at the 99% confidence level. Please refer to page 24 for a listing of available beaker sizes.
Planar Multinuclide Calibration Standards
Three large area multinuclide configurations are available. In all cases the active elements are prepared by evaporative deposition.
Planchet (EAB-PL-ML)
These sources simulate cupped planchet samples and can be used as calibration or performance check standards. Please see page 56 for technical drawing.
Ring and Disk (EAB-LB-ML)
EAB-LB disk standards are designed to check the performance and efficiency of low level counting systems such as proportional counters. The stainless steel disk containing the active element is surrounded by an aluminum ring which holds the window assembly in place. Please see page 57 for technical drawing.
Filter Paper (EAB-FP-ML)
Filter paper standards are designed to simulate surface smears and thus develop efficiencies for smear samples of similar construction. Please see page 58 and 59 for technical drawing.
24 R&C2007v1.0
Multinuclide Standards
GA-MA Catalog Numbers for Marinelli Beakers
Catalog Detector “Endcap” DiameterNumber Director Types Inches cm
200 ml Models
443016 Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
463316 Germanium, 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
500 ml Models
523N-E 2 x 2 Nal 2.25 5.7
527G-E Germanium 2.75 7.0
530G-E Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
533N Germanium, 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
538G Germanium 3.75 9.5
541G Germanium 4.00 10.2
580G Germanium 3.15 8.0
590G Germanium 3.54 9.0
1 Liter Models
125G Germanium, 2 x 2 Nal 2.50 6.4
127G Germanium 2.75 7.0
130G Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
LA130G Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
132G Germanium 3.25 8.3
133N 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
138G Germanium 3.75 9.5
141G Germanium 4.00 10.2
190G Germanium 3.54 9.0
GA-MA Catalog Numbers for Marinelli Beakers
Catalog Detector “Endcap” DiameterNumber Director Types Inches cm
2 Liter Models
227G Germanium 2.75 7.0
230G Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
233N 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
4 Liter Models
430G Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
433N 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
438G Germanium 3.75 9.5
441G Germanium 4.00 10.2
445N Germanium, 4 x 4 Nal 4.25 10.8
448G Germanium 4.75 12.1
Standard Matrices
Matrix Density Description Density Tolerance
Epoxy 1.0 g/cc Standard IPL Epoxy Mixture +/- 10%
Sand 1.7 g/cc 50-70 Mesh Sand
Epoxy 1.1 to 2.0 g/cc Standard IPL Proprietary Filler +/- 10%
Epoxy 2.1 to 3.5 g/cc (1) Upon Request +/- 10%
Epoxy 0.4 to 0.9 g/ccStandard Epoxy Using Proprietary LD Filler
+/- 10%
Foam 0.04-0.4 g/cc (2) Low Density Styrofoam 0.04 - 0.4 g/cc
Large Volume Multinuclide Standards (EG-LV-ML) and Multinuclide Marinelli Beaker Standards (EG-LVM-ML)
These configurations provide a convenient method to calibrate HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors, Large Volume Multinuclide Standards (EG-LV-ML) and Multinuclide Marinelli Beaker Standards (EG-LVM-ML). In both series the radioactivity is uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Specify the series, matrix and container type and size. For the Marinelli beakers, specify the detector type. The following are examples of customer-supplied materials that may also be used: n Soiln Vegetation/Food Productsn Pulverized Concrete
The LV-ML wide mouth polyethylene sample bottles are available in 250 mL, 500 mL, and 1000 mL. Additional sizes are quoted upon request. Customer supplied containers will be filled upon request. See page 31 for technical drawings.
Series LVM-ML Marinelli beakers, for both HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors, are available in 500 mL, 1000 mL, 2000 mL and 4000 mL sizes. This configuration is useful where maximum efficiency is needed such as environmental samples. See below for a complete listing of available sizes.
1) Not available with Am-241 or Pb-210 due to attenuation of the gamma emissions from the epoxy and interference of coincidental x-ray emissions from the epoxy matrix with the gamma rays from Am-241.
2) Volumes of 100 mL and above only. Below 100 mL, density cannot be guaranteed.
25 R&C2007v1.0
EAB-7500 Series Multinuclide
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7500-PL 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7500-47LB 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7500-50LB 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
Planar Multinuclide Calibration Standards (EAB)
EAB-7501 Series Multinuclide with 3% Am-241
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7501-PL 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7501-47LB 1.85” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7501-50LB 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7502 Series Multinuclide with 30% Pb-210
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7502-PL 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7502-47LB 1.85” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7502-50LB 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7503 Series Multinuclide with 3% Am-241 and 30% Pb-210
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7503-PL 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7503-47LB 1.85” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7503-50LB 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
26 R&C2007v1.0
Multinuclide Standards
EAB-7600 Series Multinuclide
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7600-PL 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7600-47LB 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7600-50LB 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
Planar Multinuclide Calibration Standards (EAB)
EAB-7601 Series Multinuclide with 3% Am-241
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7601-PL 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7601-47LB 1.85” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7601-50LB 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7602 Series Multinuclide with 30% Pb-210
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7602-PL 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7602-47LB 1.85” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7602-50LB 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7603 Series Multinuclide with 3% Am-241 and 30% Pb-210
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7603-PL 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7603-47LB 1.85” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7603-50LB 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
27 R&C2007v1.0
EAB-FP-7500 Series Multinuclide
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7500-PL-FP 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7500-47LB-FP 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7500-50LB-FP 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
Filter Paper (EAB-FP-ML)
Filter paper standards are designed to simulate surface smears and thus develop efficiencies for smear samples of similar construction. The standard mounts for the filter paper source are detailed below.
EAB-FP-7503 Series Multinuclide with 3% Am-241 and 30% Pb-210
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7503-PL-FP 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7503-47LB-FP 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7503-50LB-FP 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-FP-7502 Series Multinuclide with 30% Pb-210
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7502-PL-FP 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7502-47LB-FP 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7502-50LB-FP 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-FP-7501 Series Multinuclide with 3% Am-241
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7501-PL-FP 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7501-47LB-FP 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7501-50LB-FP 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
28 R&C2007v1.0
Multinuclide Standards
EAB-FP-7600 Series Multinuclide
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7600-PL-FP 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7600-47LB-FP 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7600-50LB-FP 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
Filter Paper (EAB-FP-ML)
Filter paper standards are designed to simulate surface smears and thus develop efficiencies for smear samples of similar construction. The standard mounts for the filter paper source are detailed below.
EAB-FP-7603 Series Multinuclide with 3% Am-241 and 30% Pb-210
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7603-PL-FP 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7603-47LB-FP 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7603-50LB-FP 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-FP-7602 Series Multinuclide with 30% Pb-210
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7602-PL-FP 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7602-47LB-FP 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7602-50LB-FP 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-FP-7601 Series Multinuclide with 3% Am-241
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities
PlanchetEAB-7601-PL-FP 2.0” x 0.125”
50.8 mm x 3.18 mm1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
LB DiskEAB-7601-47LB-FP 1.85” x 0.125”
47 mm x 3.18 mm1.61” 41 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
EAB-7601-50LB-FP 2.0” x 0.125” 50.8 mm x 3.18 mm
1.77” 45 mm
Deposited onto Filter Paper
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1 μCi-25 μCi 37 kBq-925 kBq
29 R&C2007v1.0
Tri-Nuclide Calibration Standards—TN Series
This standard is a multiple energy gamma emitting standard consisting of Sb-125 (T1/2=2.76y), Eu-154 (T1/2=8.59y), and Eu-155 (T1/2=4.85y). It is a relatively long lived gamma standard with many useful calibration points between 56 keV and 1597 keV.
While this standard does have the advantage of a longer useful life span when compared to the nine-nuclide mixed gamma standard, there are some disadvantages including cascade summing and spectral conflicts in photopeak emission rates.
The Tri-Nuclide Source is available as a nominal activity check source for various gamma energies, or as a NIST traceable gamma efficiency calibration standard in which the activity of each nuclide is certified to within ±5% at the 99% confidence level. The Tri-Nuclide is available in the same configurations as the nine nuclide multiline standard described on page 20.
Tri-Nuclide Calibration
Nuclide Half-Life Days
Gamma Energy (MeV)
Photons/ Decay (MeV)
Percent of Total
Total Activity in 2 µCi (74 kBq)
Activity
Approx. Photons/s Standard
Sb-125 1007.7 0.4279 0.297 40 0.800 (29.6) 2300
0.6006 0.1773 1580
Eu-154(1) 3136.8 0.1231 0.412 40 0.800 (29.6) 6090
0.7233 0.202 2990
1.0047 0.182 2694
1.274 0.350 5180
1.5965 0.0181 268
Eu-155 1770 0.087 0.311 20 0.400 (14.8) 2300
0.105 0.214 1580
1) Eu-154 will have Eu-152 impurities. Call customer service at time of order for specific information.
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
10
1
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
Co
un
ts
Energy (keV)Energy (keV)
30001
Co
un
ts
25002000150010005000
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
Figure 29-A: Tri-Nuclide Spectrum
31 R&C2007v1.0
The model EG Series standards offer a convenient method to calibrate HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors for the analysis of soil and water samples, reactor coolants, air samples, and other environmental materials. Standard activity is 0.1 µCi (3.7 kBq) - 5 µCi (185 kBq). Customer supplied containers will be filled upon request.
Large Volume Bottle Gamma Standards—EG-LVB
Series LVB wide mouth polyethylene sample bottles are available in 250 mL, 500 mL, and 1000 mL. Additional sizes are available upon request.
Active Element
8.0” (203 mm) 6.75”
(171 mm)
2.75” (70 mm)
3.5” (88.9 mm)
2.28” (58 mm)
Active Element
Marinelli Gamma Standards—EG-LVM
Series LVM Marinelli beakers, for both HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors, are available in 500 mL, 1000 mL, 2000 mL and 4000 mL sizes. This configuration is useful where maximum efficiency is needed such as environmental samples. See table on page 32 for complete details on beakers.
Cap
Active Material
Body
See table on page 32 for model numbers and dimensions.
Standard Matrices for Large Volume Bottle Containers and Marinelli Beakers
Matrix Density Materials Density Tolerance (1) Details
Epoxy 1.0 g/cc Standard EZIP Epoxy Mixture +/- 10% Customer supplied materials may be used upon request. In both series the radioactivity is uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Specify the series, matrix and container type and size. For the Marinelli beakers, specify the model number as listed on page 32.
Sand 1.7 g/cc 50-70 Mesh Sand
Epoxy 1.1 to 2.0 g/cc Standard EZIP Proprietary Filler +/- 10%
Epoxy 2.1 to 3.5 g/cc Upon Request +/- 10%
Epoxy 0.4 to 0.9 g/cc Standard Epoxy Using Proprietary LD Filler +/- 10%
Foam 0.04 to 0.4g/cc (2) Low Density Styrofoam 0.04 - 0.4 g/cc
1) Epoxy matrices will cure over time. Shrinkage may occur and cause density to increase slightly. There may also be separation of epoxy away from the wall of its container which will not affect the function of the source.
2) Volumes of 100 mL and above only. Below 100 mL density can not be guaranteed.
Figure 31-B: Marinelli Beaker
Figure 31-A: Large Volume Containers
A1305
A1304
32 R&C2007v1.0
Large Volume Calibration Standards
GA-MA Catalog Numbers for Marinelli Beakers
Catalog Detector “Endcap” DiameterNumber Director Types Inches cm
200 ml Models
443016 Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
463316 Germanium, 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
500 ml Models
523N-E 2 x 2 Nal 2.25 5.7
527G-E Germanium 2.75 7.0
530G-E Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
533N Germanium, 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
538G Germanium 3.75 9.5
541G Germanium 4.00 10.2
580G Germanium 3.15 8.0
590G Germanium 3.54 9.0
1 Liter Models
125G Germanium, 2 x 2 Nal 2.50 6.4
127G Germanium 2.75 7.0
130G Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
LA130G Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
132G Germanium 3.25 8.3
133N 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
138G Germanium 3.75 9.5
141G Germanium 4.00 10.2
190G Germanium 3.54 9.0
GA-MA Catalog Numbers for Marinelli Beakers
Catalog Detector “Endcap” DiameterNumber Director Types Inches cm
2 Liter Models
227G Germanium 2.75 7.0
230G Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
233N 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
4 Liter Models
430G Germanium or Ge-Li 3.00 7.6
433N 3 x 3 Nal 3.25 8.3
438G Germanium 3.75 9.5
441G Germanium 4.00 10.2
445N Germanium, 4 x 4 Nal 4.25 10.8
448G Germanium 4.75 12.1
33 R&C2007v1.0
Simulated Charcoal or Zeolite Gamma Cartridge Standards—EG-CH
Face Loaded: The activity is uniformly distributed between two polyimide films and placed under the screen of a 1” x 2.25” (25.4 mm x 57.2 mm) plastic charcoal cartridge (surface loaded).
Uniform Distribution: The activity is uniformly distributed within the charcoal or zeolite filling of the cartridge.
An aluminum metal cartridge is also available upon request. The standard activity for all configurations is 0.1 µCi (3.7 kBq). Sources are NIST traceable for contained activity.
Filter Paper
1.75” (44.4 mm) Diameter
Charcoal
2.25” (57.2 mm) Diameter
1.55” (39.4 mm)
PlasticScreen
NOTE: I-125 and I-129 are available as surface loaded sources only. See “Simulated I-125” standards on page 45.
Radon-226 Canister Standard—EG-226C
These standards are used to calibrate radioassay systems for measuring nanocurie levels of environmental radon in standard EPA charcoal canisters. The gamma spectrum above the Ra-226 gamma at 186 keV (4%) is identical with that of Rn-222 and its daughters.
The standard is prepared by uniform dispersion of a calibrated Ra-226 solution into the charcoal fill of a standard 1.25” x 4” (31.8 mm x 102 mm) canister, which is then sealed over the charcoal to define the charcoal volume and to prevent the escape of Rn-222 and its daughter products.
The EG-226C is supplied with 20 nCi (740 Bq) Ra-226 and is NIST traceable. Calibration accuracy is within ±5% of the stated value at the 99% confidence level. Other activities and canister sizes are available on request.
Soft Solder Seal
4” (102 mm) Epoxy Seal
70 gm Charcoal Containing 20 nCi Ra-226
1.25” (31.8 mm)
8 Oz. Canister
Solid Metal Radon Vapor Seal
Figure 33-A : Charcoal Cartridge
Figure 33-B : Radon Canister
A1302
A1301
Active Element
35 R&C2007v1.0
The majority of alpha standards listed on pages 36–39 are spectroscopy grade and are suitable for the most exacting research requirements as well as for routine counting room applications. Standards that emit radon gas, most notably Th-228 and Ra-226, should not be used in gross alpha applications. Most sources are prepared by electrodeposition of the desired nuclide on a mirror finish platinum surface foil and are fixed to the surface by diffusion-bonding. These sources exhibit narrow line widths, generally less than 20 keV FWHM for high specific activity nuclides such as Po-210 and Am-241. Calibration methods are described on page 5.
Even the lowest intensity uncovered alpha source may deteriorate with time, showing signs of removable activity as well as decreased spectral resolution. This is caused by the migration of the active material into the substrate and by the accumulation of dust and grime.
For these reasons the source should be stored in a closed container when not in use. The inside of the container should be checked periodically for free activity. EZIP considers the useful life of alpha sources with long half-lives to be two years. We recommend a program of scheduled replacement for these sources.
Cf-252 sources are all supplied with a 100 μg/cm2 gold cover. Please note that the gold will not prevent the loss of fission fragments and EZIP suggests the following procedures be followed when handling any Cf-252 source:
n The container should be opened and handled in a hood, glove box, or other well-ventilated enclosure and only by qualified personnel.
n If possible, when not in use, the source should be stored under vacuum or in inert atmosphere to prevent corrosion. These sources are not warranted as suitable for any specific application nor is EZIP liable for any damage or contamination to facilities or equipment resulting from their use.
All activities of Ra-226 and Th-228 standards are supplied with a 100 μg/cm2 gold cover which is sufficient to prevent loss of radioactive recoil daughter products.
The general warranty does not apply to any open source of Cf-252, Th-228, or Ra-226. Additional gold covering up to 200 μg/cm2 is available upon request.
All electroplated sources are prepared +/- 30% of nominal activity.
1) Activities are for total alpha activity. 2) Individual uranium isotopes specified on Technical Data Sheets supplied with source certificates.3) Due to low specific activity of these isotopes, these AF sources are not spectral grade sources. 4) Multiply nCi*37 to convert to Bq.
Activities for U-235, U-238 and Th-232
Capsule Type
Active Diameter
U-235 dpm
U-235 nCi
U-238 (Natural) dpm
U-238 (Natural) nCi
U-238 (Depleted) dpm
U-238 (Depleted) nCi
Th-232 dpm
Th-232 nCi
A-1 5 mm 1000 0.45 140 0.063 70 0.032 15 0.007
A-2 5 mm 1000 0.45 140 0.063 70 0.032 15 0.007
PM 5 mm 1000 0.45 140 0.063 70 0.032 15 0.007
Weight% vs. Activity% for Uranium Nuclides
Weight % Activity %
U-234 U-235 U-236 U-238 U-234 U-235 U-236 U-238
Natural Uranium (0.72%) 0.0055 0.720 — 99.274 49.501 2.250 — 48.249
Depleted Uranium (0.017%) 0.0002 0.0173 0.0000 99.982 2.875 0.108 0.0019 97.015
Enriched Uranium (97.66%) 1.658 97.663 0.1497 0.5296 97.904 2.003 0.0918 0.00169
36 R&C2007v1.0
Alpha Particle Standards
Alpha Particle Standards—Type A-1
The type A-1 source is permanently fixed in an aluminum holder 1” diameter x 0.125” high (25.4 mm x 3.18 mm). The active diameter is 0.197” (5.0 mm).
All alpha standards are offered as spectral grade sources up to the activity and active diameters listed unless otherwise noted. All electroplated alpha standards are manufactured to a tolerance of +/-30% of the nominal activity. All AF type sources are delicate surface sources; the active surface of the source must not be wipe tested or touched.
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
1” 0.197” 0.125”
25.4 mm 5 mm 3.18 mm
Window & Exceptions
Window Exceptions
None Cf-252, Ra-226, and Th-228: 100 μg/cm2 gold
Po-210: 100 μg acrylic/cm2 only
Alpha Particle Standards—Type A-1
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Significant Alpha Energies (keV) Nature of Active Material Available Activities
AF-241-A1 Americium-241 432.2 y 5388, 5443, 5486 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF- 252-A1 Californium-252 2.645 y 6076, 6118 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-244-A1 Curium-244 18.11 y 5763, 5805 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-148-A1 Gadolinium-148 75 y 3184 On Request —
AF-237-A1 Neptunium-237 (1) 2.140 x 106 y 4640-4873 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-210-A1 Polonium-210 138.376 d 5304 Electroless Deposition onto Silver Substrate 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-238P-A1 Plutonium-238 87.74 y 5456, 5499 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-239-A1 Plutonium-239 2.411 x 104 y 5105, 5143, 5156 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-226-A1 Radium-226(2,3) 1,600 y 4601, 4784 Daughters 5489 thru 7687 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-228-A1 Thorium-228(2,4) 698.2 d 5341, 5423 Daughters 5449 thru 8784 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-230-A1 Thorium-230 7.54 x 104 y 4621, 4688 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-232-A1 Thorium-232(1,2) 1.405 x 1010 y 3952, 4010 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 0.007 nCi (0.26 Bq)
AF-235-A1 Uranium-235(1,2) 7.037 x 108 y 4215-4597 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.4 nCi (14.8 Bq)
AF-238(Nat)-A1 Uranium-238(Nat)(1,2) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.05 nCi (1.85 Bq)
AF-238D-A1 Uranium-238D(1,2) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.032 nCi
1) Not supplied as spectroscopy grade sources. 2) Not necessarily in equilibrium with daughters at time of shipment. 3) Radium-226 will leak Rn-222 gas.4) Thorium-228 will leak Rn-220 gas.
1” (25.4 mm)
0.125” (3.18 mm)
Platinum or Platinum Clad Nickel Foil
Active Element 0.197” (5 mm) Diameter
Aluminum Plug
Aluminum Support Ring
Figure 36-A: Type A-1 Disk, DWG A1213
A1213
37 R&C2007v1.0
Alpha Particle Standards—Type A-2
The type A-2 source is permanently fixed in an aluminum holder 0.5” diameter x 0.250” high (12.7 mm x 6.35 mm). The active diameter is 0.197” (5.0 mm).
All alpha standards are offered as spectral grade sources up to the activity and active diameters listed unless otherwise noted. All electroplated alpha standards are manufactured to a tolerance of +/-30% of the nominal activity.
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
0.5” 0.197” 0.250”
12.7 mm 5 mm 6.35 mm
Window & Exceptions
Window Exceptions
None Cf-252, Ra-226, and Th-228: 100 μg/cm2 gold
Po-210: 100 μg acrylic/cm2 only
Alpha Particle Standards—Type A-2
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Significant Alpha Energies (keV) Nature of Active Material Available Activities
AF-241-A2 Americium-241 432.2 y 5388, 5443, 5486 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-252-A2 Californium-252 2.645 y 6076, 6118 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-244-A2 Curium-244 18.11 y 5763, 5805 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-148-A2 Gadolinium-148 75 y 3184 On Request —
AF-237-A2 Neptunium-237(1) 2.140 x 106 y 4640-4873 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-210-A2 Polonium-210 138.376 d 5304 Electroless Deposition onto Silver Substrate 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-238P-A2 Plutonium-238 87.74 y 5456, 5499 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-239-A2 Plutonium-239 2.411 x 104 y 5105, 5143, 5156 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-226-A2 Radium-226(2,3) 1,600 y 4601, 4784 Daughters 5489 thru 7687 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-228-A2 Thorium-228(2,4) 698.2 d 5341, 5423 Daughters 5449 thru 8784 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-230-A2 Thorium-230 7.54 x 104 y 4621, 4688 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-232-A2 Thorium-232(1,2) 1.405 x 1010 y 3952, 4010 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 0.007 nCi (0.26 Bq)
AF-235-A2 Uranium-235(1,2) 7.037 x 108 y 4215-4597 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.4 nCi (14.8 Bq)
AF-238(Nat)-A2 Uranium-238(Nat)(1,2) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.05 nCi (1.85 Bq)
AF-238D-A2 Uranium-238D(1,2) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.032 nCi
1) Not supplied as spectroscopy grade sources. 2) Not necessarily in equilibrium with daughters at time of shipment. 3) Radium-226 will leak Rn-222 gas.4) Thorium-228 will leak Rn-220 gas.
0.5” (12.7 mm)
0.250” (6.35 mm)
Plug4-40 THD 0.080” (2.03 mm) Deep
Capsule
Active Foil
Active Diameter 0.197”(5 mm)
Figure 37-A: Type A-2 Disk
A1204
38 R&C2007v1.0
Alpha Particle Standards
Alpha Particle Standards—Type PM
The PM source is mounted in a plastic holder from which it can be separated for installation in a counting chamber or device. The holder is 1” diameter x 0.125” high (25.4 mm x 3.18 mm). The removable active foil is 0.438” (11.1 mm) in diameter with the active diameter 0.197” (5.0 mm). The foils are platinum or platinum clad nickel between 0.005” and 0.010” (0.127 mm and 0.254 mm) thick.
All alpha standards are offered as spectral grade sources up to the activity and active diameters listed unless otherwise noted. All electroplated alpha standards are manufactured to an accuracy of +/-30% of the nominal activity.
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
1” 0.197” 0.25”
25.4 mm 5 mm 6.35 mm
Window & Exceptions
Window Exceptions
None Cf-252, Ra-226, and Th-228: 100 μg/cm2 gold
Po-210: 100 μg acrylic/cm2 only
Alpha Particle Standards—Type A-1
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Significant Alpha Energies (keV) Nature of Active Material Available Activities
AF-241-PM Americium-241 432.2 y 5388, 5443, 5486 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF- 252-PM Californium-252 2.645 y 6076, 6118 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-244-PM Curium-244 18.11 y 5763, 5805 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-148-PM Gadolinium-148 75 y 3184 On Request —
AF-237-PM Neptunium-237(1) 2.140 x 106 y 4640-4873 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-210-PM Polonium-210 138.376 d 5304 Electroless Deposition onto Silver Substrate 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-238P-PM Plutonium-238 87.74 y 5456, 5499 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-239-PM Plutonium-239 2.411 x 104 y 5105, 5143, 5156 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-226-PM Radium-226(2,3) 1,600 y 4601, 4784 Daughters 5489 thru 7687 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-228-PM Thorium-228(2,4) 698.2 d 5341, 5423 Daughters 5449 thru 8784 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-100 nCi (37 Bq-3.7 kBq)
AF-230-PM Thorium-230 7.54 x 104 y 4621, 4688 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 1 nCi-10 nCi (37 Bq-370 Bq)
AF-232-PM Thorium-232(1,2) 1.405 x 1010 y 3952, 4010 Electroplated onto Platinum Surface 0.007 nCi (0.26 Bq)
AF-235-PM Uranium-235(1,2) 7.037 x 108 y 4215-4597 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.4 nCi (14.8 Bq)
AF-238(Nat)-PM Uranium-238(Nat)(1,2) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.05 nCi (1.85 Bq)
AF-238D-PM Uranium-238D(1,2) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196 Electroplated onto Aluminum Foil Max. Activity 0.032 nCi
1) Not supplied as spectroscopy grade sources.2) Not necessarily in equilibrium with daughters at time of shipment. 3) Radium-226 will leak Rn-222 gas.4) Thorium-228 will leak Rn-220 gas.
Figure 38-A: Type PM Disk
0.25” (6.35 mm)
Holder
Retaining Ring
Radioactive Source0.438” (11.1 mm) Diameter x 0.125” (3.18 mm) Deep Recess
1” Diameter (25.4 mm)
0.25”(6.35mm)
A5504
39 R&C2007v1.0
Alpha Source Set
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter Nature of Active Material Window Set Consists Of
AF-0200 1” X 0.125” 25.4 mm X 3.18 mm
0.197” 5 mm
Electroplated onto Platinum Surface No Window Am-241 (0.1 μCi/3.7 kBq), Th-228 and Th-230 (0.01 μCi/370 Bq)
Composite Alpha Source—AF Comp
The composite alpha source is designed to be used as an energy marker for alpha spectroscopy systems. Pu-239, Am-241 and Cm-244, 0.01 μCi (370 Bq) each, are electroplated onto a polished platinum or platinum clad nickel foil. The active area is 0.197” (5.0 mm). The source is supplied uncovered. These nuclides provide alpha particles from approximately 5100 to 5800 keV and exhibit line widths typically less than 20 keV FWHM. This energy range is wide enough to provide a valid energy calibration for most alpha emitting nuclides.
The source, when purchased as a NIST traceable standard, can also be used to determine detector efficiencies for alpha particles. Total activity and individual activities are provided on the Certificate of Calibration.
The composite alpha source is available in the type A-2, A-1, and PM configurations as described on pages 36–38.
Standard Windows
Window Material
FWHM Increase
Energy Decrease
100 μg/cm2 Gold 15 keV 15 keV
Figure 39-A: Composite Alpha Source Spectrum Using Silicon Barrier Detector
41 R&C2007v1.0
A wide range of beta emitting nuclides are offered for counting and educational uses. Certification of all BF Series sources includes both contained activity and 2π emission rate. Sources are traceable to NIST with ±2% to ±5% accuracy at the 99% confidence level. Source configurations are surface conductive on all surfaces to enable their use in windowless proportional counters.
Sr-90 Sources
Sr-90 sources produced by EZIP are certified as to the contained activity of the Sr-90 only. Sr-90, a beta emitter, is in equilibrium with the Y-90 daughter. Thus, a 1 μCi (37 kBq) Sr-90 source also contains 1 μCi (37 kBq) of Y-90. When comparing sources in similar geometries (i.e., similar backing, cover and source detector distance) good results should be obtained. Sr-90 has an average beta energy of 196 keV and Y-90 has an average beta energy of 934 keV, thus care must be taken when comparing sources of substantially different geometries since effects such as backscatter and window absorption must be considered.
Beta Particle Standards—Type A and Type MF2
See the following pages 42 and 43 for descriptions.
Split Source Set— BF-090SPLIT
This source is for use in determining coincidence corrections for G.M. counters. It consists of two plastic half disks with a total overall diameter of 1” (25.4 mm). Each half-source contains a nominal 0.1 μCi (3.7 kBq) of Sr-90/Y-90.
Beta Standards Set— BF-200
This set consists of six nuclides covering the energy range 156-2282 keV (maximum): C-14, Tc-99, Cl-36, Pb-210/Bi-210, Pm-147 and Sr-90/Y-90. This set can be ordered without Lead-210. The C-14 source contains 0.1 μCi (3.7 kBq). The other nuclides contain 0.01 μCi (370 Bq). The sources are Type A or Type MF2, 1” (25.4 mm) overall diameter and 0.125” (3.18 mm) thick. Customer will specify source type. Please note that Pb-210 is not offered in the MF2 configuration. Included in each set is an empty mount, one 0.9 mg/cm2 aluminized Mylar window, one stainless steel disk, aluminum plug, aluminum support ring, and a Model BF-090SPLIT split source.
Beta Source Sets
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions (OD x Height)
Active Diameter
Nature of Active Material Window Set Consists Of
BF-200 1” x 0.125” 25.4 mm x 3.18 mm
0.805” 20.4 mm
Evaporative Salts on Mylar
0.9 mg/cm2 Mylar C-14 (0.1 μCi/3.7 kBq), Tc-99, Cl-36, Pb-210/Bi-210, Sr-90/ Y-90, Pm-147 (0.01 μCi/370 Bq each), Type A or MF2 Disc, NIST Traceable, Nominal Split Source
BF-0200E 1” x 0.125” 25.4 mm x 3.18 mm
0.805” 20.4 mm
Evaporative Salts on Mylar
0.9 mg/cm2 Mylar C-14 (0.1 μCi/3.7 kBq), Tc-99, Cl-36, Pb-210/Bi-210, Sr-90/Y-90, Pm-147 (0.01 μCi/370 Bq each), Type A or MF2 Disc, Exempt Source, NIST Traceable, Nominal split source
BF-0200CK 1” x 0.125” 25.4 mm x 3.18 mm
0.805” 20.4 mm
Evaporative Salts on Mylar
0.9 mg/cm2 Mylar C-14 (0.1 μCi/3.7 kBq), Tc-99, Cl-36, Pb-210/Bi-210, Sr-90/Y-90, Pm-147 (0.01 μCi/370 Bq each), Type A or MF2 Disc, Non-Exempt Source, Nominal, Nominal Split Source
BF-0200CKE 1” x 0.125” 25.4 mm x 3.18 mm
0.805” 20.4 mm
Evaporative Salts on Mylar
0.9 mg/cm2 Mylar C-14 (0.1 μCi/3.7 kBq), Tc-99, Cl-36, Pb-210/Bi-210, Sr-90/Y-90, Pm-147 (0.01 μCi/370 Bq each), Type A or MF2 Disc, Exempt Source, Nominal, Nominal Split Source
42 R&C2007v1.0
Beta Particle Standards
Beta Particle Standards—Type A
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Substrate Significant Beta Energies
(EmaxkeV) Window
BF-210-A Bismuth-210 (Pb-210 parent) 22.3 y Stainless Steel 1160 6.9 mg/cm2 Aluminum
BF- 014-A Carbon-14 5730 y Polymeric Membrane 156 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-137-A Cesium-137 30.17 y Stainless Steel 1175 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-036-A Chlorine-36 3.01 x 105 y Stainless Steel 1142 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-060-A Cobalt-60 5.272 y Stainless Steel 1491 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-068-A Germanium-68 (1) 270.8 d Stainless Steel 2921 (β+) 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-147-A Promethium-147 2.6234 y Stainless Steel 225 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-106-A Ruthenium-106/Rhodium-106 1.020 y Stainless Steel 39, 3540 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-032-A Silicon-32/Phosphorus-32 (2) 104 y Stainless Steel 225, 1710 13.7 mg/cm2 Aluminum
BF-022-A Sodium-22 950.8 d Stainless Steel 2842 (β+) 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-090-A Strontium-90/Yttrium-90 (3) 28.5 y Stainless Steel 546, 2282 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-099-A Technetium-99 2.13 x 105 y Stainless Steel 294 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-204-A Thallium-204 3.78 y Stainless Steel 763 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-113-A Tin-113 115.1 d Platinum Foil or Pt/Clad Ni 392 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1) Positron emission from Ga-68.2) This long-lived P-32 standard is the beta emitting P-32 daughter of the long-lived Si-32 parent. The standard mounting for this source
is the A capsule with a 0.002” (0.051 mm) AI window. This window will absorb more than 60% of the Si-32 225 keV betas and less than 5% of the P-32 betas. Standards are prepared with the P-32 in equilibrium with the parent Si-32.
3) See page 41 regarding Sr-90 sources.
Beta Particle Standards—Type A
The active material is uniformly distributed over the surface of a 0.937” (23.8 mm) diameter foil and sealed in an aluminum mounting ring under a 0.9 mg/cm2 aluminized Mylar window for most nuclides. The active diameter of the source is 0.805” (20.4 mm). Special absorbers may be included under the window to filter undesirable low energy radiation. This configuration is most useful for determining efficiencies of G.M. and windowless counters used for beta assaying evaporated liquid samples. The overall source diameter is 1” (25.4 mm) and 0.125” (3.18 mm) thick.
1” (25.4 mm)
0.125” (3.18 mm)
Window-0.00025” (0.0064 mm) Aluminized Mylar
Active Element Active Diameter 0.805” (20.4 mm)
Aluminum Plug
Support Ring
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
1” 0.805” 0.125”
25.4 mm 20.4 mm 3.18 mm
Nature of Active Deposit
Available Activities
Evaporated Salts on 0.010” Stainless Steel
5 nCi -100 nCi (185 Bq - 3.7 kBq)
Exceptions
Bi-210 : 10 nCi - 100 nCi (370 Bq - 3.7 kBq) Sr-90 : 2.5 nCi - 100 nCi (92.5 Bq - 3.7 kBq)
Figure 42-A: Type A-1 Disk
A1209
43 R&C2007v1.0
Beta Particle Standards—Type MF2
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Substrate Significant Beta Energies
(EmaxkeV) Window
BF- 014-MF2 Carbon-14 5730 y Polymeric Membrane 156 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-137-MF2 Cesium-137 30.17 y Stainless Steel 1175 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-036-MF2 Chlorine-36 3.01 x 105 y Stainless Steel 1142 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-060-MF2 Cobalt-60 5.272 y Stainless Steel 1491 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-068-MF2 Germanium-68(1) 270.8 d Stainless Steel 2921 (β+) 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-147-MF2 Promethium-147 2.6234 y Stainless Steel 225 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-106-MF2 Ruthenium-106/Rhodium-106 1.020 y Stainless Steel 39, 3540 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-022-MF2 Sodium-22 950.8 d Stainless Steel 2842 (β+) 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-090-MF2 Strontium-90/Yttrium-90(2) 28.5 y Stainless Steel 546, 2282 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-099-MF2 Technetium-99 2.13 x 105 y Stainless Steel 294 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
BF-204-MF2 Thallium-204 3.78 y Stainless Steel 763 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
1) Positron emission from Ga-68. 2) See page 41 regarding Sr-90 sources.
Beta Particle Standards—Type MF2
This is a “scatterless” configuration in which the activity is applied as a 0.12” (3 mm) spot centered between two laminated 0.9 mg/cm2 aluminized Mylar foils. The source is supplied in a removable aluminum holder. In the holder the source has an overall diameter of 1” (25.4 mm) and a thickness of 0.125” (3.18 mm). Out of the holder the source is 0.937” (23.8 mm) in diameter with a thickness of approximately 0.030” (0.76 mm).
This configuration is most useful for the precise determination of G.M. and proportional counter efficiencies, and as an educational tool for the verification of the inverse square law, as well as demonstrating back-scatter phenomena.
Additional beta sources can be found on pages 55–65 including disk standards suitable for use with low background counting systems and 3.94” x 3.94” (100 mm x 100 mm) distributed beta sources for instrument calibration and dose assessments.
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
1” 0.12” 0.125”
25.4 mm 3 mm 3.18 mm
Nature of Active Deposit
Available Activities
Evaporated Salts on Mylar
5 nCi -100 nCi (185 Bq - 3.7 kBq)
Exceptions
Bi-210: 10 nCi - 100 nCi (370 Bq - 3.7 kBq) Sr-90: 2.5 nCi - 100 nCi (92.5 Bq - 3.7 kBq)
1” (25.4 mm)
0.125” (3.18 mm)
2 Layers of 0.00025” (0.0064 mm) Aluminized Mylar
Active Diameter 0.12” (3 mm)
Aluminum Holder
Retaining Ring
Aluminum Washers
Figure 43-A: Type MF-2 Disk
A1207
45 R&C2007v1.0
A wide range of gamma and x-ray standards for research and educational use are available in the energy range of 5.9 to 2614 keV. Many nuclides are available up to 100 μCi (3.7 MBq) to allow for the lower efficiencies of detection inherent in many instruments. Available activity ranges are listed for each nuclide in the tables on pages 46 to 53. Please contact customer service for other activity requirements.
Gamma Standards—Type C
The type C configuration can be used to check the performance of G.M. and NaI (TI) detectors. The maximim activity of this source type is 10 μCi (370 kBq). Please call customer service for a quotation.
Simulated I-125 Sources
I-129 sources are frequently referred to as “simulated I-125 sources.” I-129 does not in fact simulate I-125 well enough to use it to calibrate an I-125 counter. The equivalence of I-129 to I-125 will vary from one counter to another due to the differing photon energies and counting geometries. EZIP recommends the purchase of an I-125 standard for the initial instrument calibration. An I-129 source may then be used for a daily check of instrument response.
The energies and abundances of I-125 and I-129 x-rays and photons are:
K x-rays (keV) Gammas (keV)
I-125 (Te) 27-32 (141%) 35.5 (6.66%)
I-129 (Xe) 29-35 (70.8%) 39.6 (7.5%)
Overall Dimensions
Height Width Length Active Diameter
0.075” 0.43” 0.925” 0.118”
1.91 mm 11 mm 23.5 mm 3 mm
Height 0.075” (1.91 mm)
Width 0.43” (11 mm)
Active Element
Epoxy Fill
Capsule
Length 0.925”
(23.5 mm)
Window & Active Deposit
Window Nature of Active Deposit
Plastic Evaporated Metallic Salts
Figure 45-A: Type C
A1002
46 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma and X-Ray Standards
Gamma Standards—Type D
The type D configuration is mainly used for checking the performance of G.M. and NaI(Tl) detectors. The type D disk is a 1” (25.4 mm) diameter by 0.250” (6.35 mm) thick disk constructed of high strength plastic. The active diameter is 0.197” (5 mm).
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
1” 0.197” 0.25”
25.4 mm 5 mm 6.35 mm
Window & Active Deposit
Window Nature of Active Deposit
Plastic Evaporated Metallic Salts
1” (25.4 mm)
0.25” (6.35 mm)
Active Element0.197” (5 mm) x 0.125” (3.18 mm) Deep Hole with Epoxy Plug
Window Thickness 0.109” (2.77 mm)
Decal
Gamma Standards—Type D
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Major Photon Emmissions (keV) Available Activities
GF-241-D Americium-241 432.17 y 59.5 (36%), 11-20 (39.5%) Np L x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-124-D Antimony-124 60.20 d 602.7 (97.9%), 722.8 (10.9%), 1690.9 (47.6%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-125A-D Antimony-125 1007.7 d 428 (29.7%), 464 (10.5%), 601 (17.7%), 607 (5%), 636 (11.2%), 27-32 (75.1%) Te K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-133-D Barium-133 3862 d 80 (34.1%), 303 (18.3%), 356 (61.9%), 32-37 (53.2%) Cs K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-007-D Beryllium-7 53.284 d 478 (10.3%) 25 nCi-500 μCi 925 Bq-18.5 MBq
GF-207-D Bismuth-207 1.16 x 104 d 570 (97.7%), 1064 (74.5%), 9-15 (32.5%), Pb L x-rays, 72-88 (77.7%) Pb K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-109-D Cadmium-109 462.6 d 88 (3.6% from Ag-109m), 22-26 (99.4%) Ag K x-rays 50 nCi-1 mCi 1.85 kBq-37 MBq
GF-139-D Cerium-139 137.640 d 33.03 (22.8%), 33.4 (41.9%), 165.9 (79.9%), 33-39 (80%) La x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-141-D Cerium-141 On Request — — —
GF-134-D Cesium-134 754.28 d 563 (8.4%), 569 (15.4%), 605 (97.6%), 796 (85.4%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-137-D Cesium-137 30.17 y 662 (85.1% from Ba-137), 32-37 (7.2%) Ba K x-rays 5 nCi-1 mCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-051-D Chromium-51 27.706 d 320 (9.86%), 4.9-5.4 (22.8%) V K x-rays 25 nCi-500 μCi 185 Bq-37 MBq
Figure 46-A: Type D Disk
A1001
47 R&C2007v1.0
1) 9 mm active diameter.
Gamma Standards—Type D
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Major Photon Emmissions (keV) Available Activities
GF-056-D Cobalt-56 77.31 d 846.8 (99.9%), 1238 (66.1%), 1771 (15.5%), 2035 (7.8%), 2598 (17%), 3253 (7.6%), others up to 3452
10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-057-D Cobalt-57 271.79 d 14 (9.2%), 122 (85.6%), 136.5 (10.7%), 6.4-7.1 (57.9%) Fe K x-rays 5 nCi-1 mCi 185 Bq-37 MBq
GF-058-D Cobalt-58 70.86 d 810 (99.5%), 6.4-7.1 (26.7%) Fe K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-060-D Cobalt-60 5.272 y 1173 (100%), 1333 (100%) 5 nCi-1 mCi 185 Bq-37 MBq
GF-152-D Europium-152 4933 d 122-1408, 40-47 (74%) Sm +Gd x-rays 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-154-D Europium-154 3136.8 d 123-1597, 42-50 (25.6%) Gd x-rays 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-155-D Europium-155 1770 d 87 (34%), 105 (20.6%), 42-50 (24.0%), Gd K x-rays 10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-153-D Gadolinium-153 242 d 97 (29.5%), 103 (21.1%), 40-49 (122%) Eu K x-rays 5 nCi-1 mCi 185 Bq-37 MBq
GF-068-D Germanium-68 270.8 d 511 (178%), 1077 (3.2%) from Ga-68, 9.2-10.4 (44.1%) Ga K x-rays, 8.6-9.6 (4.7%) Zn K x-rays
100 nCi-100 μCi 3.7 kBq-3.7 MBq
GF-166-D Holmium-166m(1) 1200 y 81-1427, 48-58 (37.6%) Er K x-rays 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-125-D Iodine-125 59.43 d 35 (6.58%), 27-32 (139%) Te K x-rays 10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-129-D Iodine-129 1.57 x 107 y 40 (7.5%), 29-35 (70.4%) Xe K x-rays 50 nCi-1 μCi 1.85 kBq-37 kBq
GF-059-D Iron-59 44.51 d 1099 (56.3%), 1292 (43.7%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-054-D Manganese-54 312.3 d 835 (100%), 5.4-5.9 (25.6%) Cr K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-203-D Mercury-203 46.595 d 279.2 (81.5%) 10 nCi-50 μCi 370 Bq-1.85 MBq
GF-226-D Radium-226 1600 y 47-2448 (includes daughters) 50 nCi-10 μCi 1.85 kBq-370 kBq
GF-106-D Ruthenium-106 1.020 y 512 (20.7%), 622 (9.8%) from Rh-106 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-046-D Scandium-46 83.79 d 889 (99.9%), 1121 (99.9%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-075-D Selenium-75 119.64 d 121 (17.1%), 136 (58.8%), 265 (59%), 280 (25%), 10.5-12.0 (56.8%) As K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-110-D Silver-110m 249.8 d 657.8 (94.4%), 884.6 (72.6%) 5 nCi-50 μCi 185 Bq-1.85 MBq
GF-131-D Simulated I-131 ~5 y 356 (from Ba-133), 662 (from Cs-137/Ba-137) 50 nCi-100 μCi 1.85 kBq-3.7 MBq
GF-022-D Sodium-22 950.8 d 511 (178%), 1275 (100%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-085-D Strontium-85 64.849 d 514 (98.4%), 13.3-15.3 (58.7%) Rb K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-228-D Thorium-228 698.2 d 84-2614 (includes daughters) 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-113-D Tin-113 115.09 d 392 (64% from In-113 m), 24-28 (96.8%) In K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-235-D Uranium-235(1) 7.037 x 108 y 143 (10.5%), 186(53%), 90-105 (10.8%) Th K x-rays 10 nCi-100 nCi 370 Bq-3.7 kBq
GF-238U-D Uranium (Natural)(1) 4.468 x 109 y 26-2448 (includes daughters) 10 nCi-100 nCi 370 Bq-3.7 kBq
GF-088-D Yttrium-88 106.630 d 898 (94%), 1836 (99.4%), 14.1-16.2 (61.6%) Sr K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-065-D Zinc-65 244.26 d 1116 (50.6%), 8.0-8.9 (38.7%) Cu K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-095-D Zirconium-95/Nb-95 64.02 d 724 (44.1%), 757 (54.5%) 10 nCi-50 μCi 370 Bq-1.85 MBq
Gamma Sets—Type D
Catalog Number Available Activities Sets Consist Of
GF-290-0.1D 0.1 μCi 3.7 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
GF-290-1D 1 μCi 37 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
GF-290-10D 10 μCi 370 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
48 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma and X-Ray Standards
Gamma Standards—Type M
The type M thin “scatterless” disk is used in applications involving high resolution solid state detectors. The activity is deposited on 9 mg/cm2 aluminumized Mylar (polyester) disk, and covered with 0.9 mg/cm2 Kapton (polymide). The source is supplied in a removable aluminum holder. In the holder the source has an overall diameter of 1” (25.4 mm) and a thickness of 0.125” (3.18 mm). Out of the holder the source is 0.937” (23.8 mm) in diameter with a thickness of approximately 0.030” (0.76 mm). The active diameter is 0.12” (3 mm).
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
1” 0.12” 0.125”
25.4 mm 3 mm 3.18 mm
Gamma Standards—Type M
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Major Photon Emmissions (keV) Available Activities
GF-241-M Americium-241 432.17 y 59.5(36%), 11-20(39.5%) Np L x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-124-M Antimony-124 60.20 d 602.7(97.9%), 722.8(10.9%), 1690.9(47.6%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-125A-M Antimony-125A 1007.7 d 428(29.7%), 464(10.5%), 601(17.7%), 607(5%), 636(11.2%), 27-32(75.1%) Te K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-133-M Barium-133 3862 d 80(34.1%), 303(18.3%), 356(61.9%), 32-37(53.2%) Cs K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-007-M Beryllium-7 53.28 d 478(10.3%) 25 nCi-500 μCi 925 Bq-18.5 MBq
GF-207-M Bismuth-207 1.16 x 104 d 570(97.7%), 1064(74.5%), 9-15(32.5%), Pb L x-rays, 72-88(77.7%) Pb K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-109-M Cadmium-109 462.6 d 88(3.6% from Ag-109 m), 22-26(99.4%) Ag K x-rays 50 nCi-100 μCi 1.85 kBq-3.7 MBq
GF-139-M Cerium-139 137.640 d 33.03(22.8%), 33.4(41.9%), 165.9(79.9%), 33-39(80%) La x-rays 50nCi-1 μCi 1.85 kBq-37 kBq
GF-141-M Cerium-141 32.5 d 36.0 (9.1%), 35.6 (5%), 145.4 (48.4%), 352.42 (17%), Pr x-rays On Request —
GF-134-M Cesium-134 754.28 d 563(8.4%), 569(15.4%), 605(97.6%), 796(85.4%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-137-M Cesium-137 30.17 y 662(85.1% from Ba-137), 32-37(7.2%) Ba K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-051-M Chromium-51 27.706 d 320(9.86%), 4.9-5.4(22.8%) V K x-rays 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
1.0” (25.4 mm)
0.125” (3.18 mm)
Active Element0.12” (3 mm) Diameter
Polyimide FilmDecal
Retaining Ring
0.010” (0.254 mm) Mylar
Aluminum Holder
Window Nature of Active Deposit
0.010” (0.254 mm) Aluminized Mylar
Evaporated Metallic Salts
Exceptions
Fe-55: 0.00025” (0.0064 mm) Aluminized Mylar
Am-241: 0.001” (0.0254 mm) Aluminum and Platinum Foils
Figure 48-A: Type M Disk
A1202
49 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma Standards—Type M
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Major Photon Emmissions (keV) Available Activities
GF-056-M Cobalt-56 77.31 d 846.8(99.9%), 1238(66.1%), 1771(15.5%), 2035(7.8%), 2598(17%), 3253(7.6%), others up to 3452
10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-057-M Cobalt-57 271.79 d 14(9.2%), 122(85.6%), 136.5(10.7%), 6.4-7.1(57.9%) Fe K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-058-M Cobalt-58 70.86 d 810(99.5%), 6.4-7.1(26.7%) Fe K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-060-M Cobalt-60 5.272 y 1173(100%), 1333(100%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-152-M Europium-152 4933 d 122-1408, 40-47(74%) Sm +Gd x-rays 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-154-M Europium-154 3136.8 d 123-1597, 42-50(25.6%) Gd x-rays 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-155-M Europium-155 1770 d 87(34%), 105(20.6%), 42-50(24.0%), Gd K x-rays 10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-153-M Gadolinium-153 242 d 97(29.5%), 103(21.1%), 40-49(122%) Eu K x-rays 10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-068-M Germanium-68 270.8 d 511(178%), 1077(3.2%) from Ga-68, 9.2-10.4(44.1%) Ga K x-rays, 8.6-9.6(4.7%) Zn K x-rays
100 nCi-100 μCi 3.7 kBq-3.7 MBq
GF-166-M Holmium-166m 1200 y 81-1427, 48-58(37.6%) Er K x-rays 10 nCi-1 μCi 370 Bq-37 kBq
GF-055-M Iron-55 999 d 5.8-6.5(27.3%) Mn K x-rays 1 μCi-100 μCi 37 kBq-3.7 MBq
GF-059-M Iron-59 44.51 d 1099(56.3%), 1292(43.7%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-054-M Manganese-54 312.3 d 835(100%), 5.4-5.9(25.6%) Cr K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-203-M Mercury-203 46.595 d 279.2(81.5%) 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-046-M Scandium-46 83.79 d 889(99.9%), 1121(99.9%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-075-M Selenium-75 119.64 d 121(17.1%), 136(58.8%), 265(59%), 280(25%), 10.5-12.0(56.8%) As K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-110-M Silver-110m 249.8 d 657.8(94.4%), 884.6(72.6%) 5 nCi-50 μCi 185 Bq-1.85 MBq
GF-131-M Simulated I-131 ~5 y 356(from Ba-133), 662(from Cs-137/Ba-137) 50 nCi-100 μCi 1.85 kBq-3.7 MBq
GF-022-M Sodium-22 950.8 d 511(178%), 1275(100%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-085-M Strontium-85 64.849 d 514(98.4%), 13.3-15.3(58.7%) Rb K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-113-M Tin-113 115.09 d 392(64% from In-113 m), 24-28(96.8%) In K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-088-M Yttrium-88 106.630 d 898(94%), 1836(99.4%), 14.1-16.2(61.6%) Sr K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-065-M Zinc-65 244.26 d 1116(50.6%), 8.0-8.9(38.7%) Cu K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-095-M Zirconium-95/Nb-95 64.02 d 724(44.1%), 757(54.5%) 10 nCi-50 μCi 370 Bq-1.85 MBq
Gamma Sets—Type M
Catalog Number Available Activities Sets Consist Of
GF-290-0.1M 0.1 μCi 3.7 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
GF-290-1M 1 μCi 37 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
GF-290-10M 10 μCi 370 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
50 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma and X-Ray Standards
Gamma Standards—Type R
The type R rod is used for calibrating well type NaI(Tl) detectors. It is constructed of high strength plastic and is offered in three sizes: 5” high x 0.625” diameter (127 mm x 15.9 mm), 5” high x 0.5” diameter (127 mm x 12.7 mm) and 2.95” x 0.5” diameter (74.9 mm x 12.7 mm). The active diameter of the rod standard is 0.187” (4.75 mm).
Overall Dimensions
Assembly X Height Diameter Active Diameter
A1100 R1 5” (127 mm) 0.625” (15.9 mm) 0.187” (4.75 mm)
A1102 R2 5” (127 mm) 0.5” (12.7 mm) 0.187” (4.75 mm)
A1103 R3 2.95” (74.9 mm) 0.5” (12.7 mm) 0.187” (4.75 mm)
Gamma Standards—Type R
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Major Photon Emmissions (keV) Available Activities
GF-241-x Americium-241 432.17 y 59.5 (36%), 11-20 (39.5%) Np L x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-124-x Antimony-124 60.20 d 602.7(97.9%), 722.8(10.9%), 1690.9(47.6%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-125A-x Antimony-125A 1007.7 d 428(29.7%), 464(10.5%), 601(17.7%), 607(5%), 636(11.2%), 27-32(75.1%) Te K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-133-x Barium-133 3862 d 80(34.1%), 303(18.3%), 356(61.9%), 32-37(53.2%) Cs K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-007-x Beryllium-7 On Request
GF-207-x Bismuth-207 1.16 x 104 d 570(97.7%), 1064(74.5%), 9-15(32.5%), Pb L x-rays, 72-88(77.7%) Pb K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-109-x Cadmium-109 462.6 d 88(3.6% from Ag-109 m), 22-26(99.4%) Ag K x-rays 50 nCi-1 mCi 1.85 kBq-37 MBq
GF-139-x Cerium-139 137.640 d 33.03(22.8%), 33.4(41.9%), 165.9(79.9%), 33-39(80%) La x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-141-x Cerium-141 32.5 d 36.0 (9.1%), 35.6 (5%), 145.4 (48.4%), 352.42 (17%), Pr x-rays On Request —
GF-134-x Cesium-134 754.28 d 563(8.4%), 569(15.4%), 605(97.6%), 796(85.4%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-137-x Cesium-137 30.17 y 662(85.1% from Ba-137), 32-37(7.2%) Ba K x-rays 5 nCi-1 mCi 185 Bq-37 MBq
GF-051-x Chromium-51 27.706 d 320(9.86%), 4.9-5.4(22.8%) V K x-rays 25 nCi-500 μCi 925 Bq-18.5 MBq
0.187” (4.75 mm) Diameterx 0.187” (4.75 mm)Deep Holewith Epoxy Plug
Capsule
Diameter
Cap
Height
Active Element
Window & Active Materials
Window Nature of Active Materials
Plastic Evaporated Metallic Salts
Figure 50-A: Type R Rod
51 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma Standards—Type R
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Major Photon Emmissions (keV) Available Activities
GF-056-x Cobalt-56 77.31 d 846.8(99.9%), 1238(66.1%), 1771(15.5%), 2035(7.8%), 2598(17%), 3253(7.6%), others up to 3452
10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-057-x Cobalt-57 271.79 d 14(9.2%), 122(85.6%), 136.5(10.7%), 6.4-7.1(57.9%) Fe K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-058-x Cobalt-58 70.86 d 810(99.5%), 6.4-7.1(26.7%) Fe K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-060-x Cobalt-60 5.272 y 1173(100%), 1333(100%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-152-x Europium-152 4933 d 122-1408, 40-47(74%) Sm +Gd x-rays 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-154-x Europium-154 3136.8 d 123-1597, 42-50(25.6%) Gd x-rays 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-155-x Europium-155 1770 d 87(34%), 105(20.6%), 42-50(24.0%), Gd K x-rays 10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-153-x Gadolinium-153 242 d 97(29.5%), 103(21.1%), 40-49(122%) Eu K x-rays 10 nCi-100 μCi 370 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-068-x Germanium-68 270.8 d 511(178%), 1077(3.2%) from Ga-68, 9.2-10.4(44.1%) Ga K x-rays, 8.6-9.6(4.7%) Zn K x-rays
100 nCi-100 μCi 3.7 kBq-3.7 MBq
GF-166-x Holmium-166m 1200 y 81-1427, 48-58(37.6%) Er K x-rays 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-125-x Iodine-125 59.43 d 35(6.58%), 27-32(139%) Te K x-rays 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-129-x Iodine-129 1.57 x 107 y 40(7.5%), 29-35(70.4%) Xe K x-rays 50 nCi-1 μCi 1.85 kBq-37 kBq
GF-059-x Iron-59 44.51 d 1099(56.3%), 1292(43.7%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-054-x Manganese-54 312.3 d 835(100%), 5.4-5.9(25.6%) Cr K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-203-x Mercury-203 46.595 d 279.2(81.5%) 10 nCi-50 μCi 370 Bq-1.85 MBq
GF-226-x Radium-226 1600 y 47-2448 (includes daughters) 50 nCi-10 μCi 1.85 kBq-370 kBq
GF-106-x Ruthenium-106 1.020 y 512(20.7%), 622(9.8%) from Rh-106 25 nCi-100 μCi 925 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-046-x Scandium-46 83.79 d 889(99.9%), 1121(99.9%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-075-x Selenium-75 119.64 d 121(17.1%), 136(58.8%), 265(59%), 280(25%), 10.5-12.0(56.8%) As K x-rays
5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-110-x Silver-110m 249.8 d 657.8(94.4%), 884.6(72.6%) 5 nCi-50 μCi 185 Bq-1.85 MBq
GF-131-x Simulated I-131 ~5 y 356(from Ba-133), 662(from Cs-137/Ba-137) 50 nCi-100 μCi 1.85 kBq-3.7 MBq
GF-022-x Sodium-22 950.8 d 511(178%), 1275(100%) 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-085-x Strontium-85 64.849 d 514(98.4%), 13.3-15.3(58.7%) Rb K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-228-x Thorium-228 698.2 d 84-2614 (includes daughters) 50 nCi-10 μCi 1.85 kBq-370 kBq
GF-113-x Tin-113 115.09 d 392(64% from In-113 m), 24-28(96.8%) In K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-235-x Uranium-235 7.037 x 108 y 143(10.5%), 186(53%), 90-105(10.8%) Th K x-rays 10 nCi-100 nCi 370 Bq-3.7 kBq
GF-238U-x Uranium (Natural) 4.468 x 109 y 26-2448 (includes daughters) 10 nCi-35 nCi 370 Bq-1.29 kBq
GF-088-x Yttrium-88 106.630 d 898(94%), 1836(99.4%), 14.1-16.2(61.6%) Sr K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-065-x Zinc-65 244.26 d 1116(50.6%), 8.0-8.9(38.7%) Cu K x-rays 5 nCi-100 μCi 185 Bq-3.7 MBq
GF-095-x Zirconium-95/Nb-95 64.02 d 724(44.1%), 757(54.5%) 10 nCi-50 μCi 370 Bq-1.85 MBq
Gamma Sets—Type R
Catalog Number Available Activities Sets Consist Of
GF-290-0.1x 0.1 μCi 3.7 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
GF-290-1x 1 μCi 37 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
GF-290-10x 10 μCi 370 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
52 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma and X-Ray Standards
Gamma Standards—Type T
The type T plastic test tube is used in clinical instrument calibrations. Each polypropylene tube contains 0.75 mL of active epoxy with the balance of the tube filled with cold epoxy. Tube sizes are 2.95” high x 0.472” diameter (75 mm x 12 mm) or 2.17” high x 0.472” diameter (55 mm x 12 mm).
Overall Dimensions
X Height Diameter Active Volume
T1 2.17” (55 mm) 0.472” (12 mm) 0.75 mL
T2 2.95” (75 mm) 0.472” (12 mm) 0.75 mL
Gamma Standards—Type T
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Major Photon Emmissions (keV) Available Activities
GF-241-x Americium-241 432.17 y 59.5 (36%), 11-20 (39.5%) Np L x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-124-x Antimony-124 60.20 d 602.7(97.9%), 722.8(10.9%), 1690.9(47.6%) 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-125A-x Antimony-125A 1007.7 d 428(29.7%), 464(10.5%), 601(17.7%), 607(5%), 636(11.2%), 27-32(75.1%) Te K x-rays
5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-133-x Barium-133 3862 d 80(34.1%), 303(18.3%), 356(61.9%), 32-37(53.2%) Cs K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-007-x Beryllium-7 On Request
GF-207-x Bismuth-207 1.16 x 104 d 570(97.7%), 1064(74.5%), 9-15(32.5%), Pb L x-rays, 72-88(77.7%) Pb K x-rays
5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-109-x Cadmium-109 462.6 d 88(3.6% from Ag-109 m), 22-26(99.4%) Ag K x-rays 50 nCi-10 μCi 1.85 kBq-370 kBq
GF-139-x Cerium-139 137.640 d 33.03(22.8%), 33.4(41.9%), 165.9(79.9%), 33-39(80%) La x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-141-x Cerium-141 32.5 d 36.0 (9.1%), 35.6 (5%), 145.4 (48.4%), 352.42 (17%), Pr x-rays — —
GF-134-x Cesium-134 754.28 d 563(8.4%), 569(15.4%), 605(97.6%), 796(85.4%) 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-137-x Cesium-137 30.17 y 662(85.1% from Ba-137), 32-37(7.2%) Ba K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-051-x Chromium-51 27.706 d 320(9.86%), 4.9-5.4(22.8%) V K x-rays 25 nCi-10 μCi 925 Bq-370 kBq
Window & Active Materials
Window Nature of Active Materials
Not Applicable Metallic Salts Distributed in Epoxy
2.95”(75 mm)
or2.17”
(55 mm)
Cap
Inactive Epoxy
0.472”(12 mm)
Active Epoxy0.75 mL
Figure 52-A: Type T
A1901
53 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma Standards—Type T
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Major Photon Emmissions (keV) Available Activities
GF-056-x Cobalt-56 77.31 d 846.8(99.9%), 1238(66.1%), 1771(15.5%), 2035(7.8%), 2598(17%), 3253(7.6%), others up to 3452
10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-057-x Cobalt-57 271.79 d 14(9.2%), 122(85.6%), 136.5(10.7%), 6.4-7.1(57.9%) Fe K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-058-x Cobalt-58 70.86 d 810(99.5%), 6.4-7.1(26.7%) Fe K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-060-x Cobalt-60 5.272 y 1173(100%), 1333(100%) 5 nCi-10 μCi 185B q-370 kBq
GGF-152-x Europium-152 4933 d 122-1408, 40-47(74%) Sm +Gd x-rays 25 nCi-10 μCi 925 Bq-370 kBq
GF-154-x Europium-154 3136.8 d 123-1597, 42-50(25.6%) Gd x-rays 25 nCi-10 μCi 925 Bq-370 kBq
GF-155-x Europium-155 1770 d 87(34%), 105(20.6%), 42-50(24.0%), Gd K x-rays 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-153-x Gadolinium-153 242 d 97(29.5%), 103(21.1%), 40-49(122%) Eu K x-rays 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
F-068-x Germanium-68 270.8 d 511(178%), 1077(3.2%) from Ga-68, 9.2-10.4(44.1%) Ga K x-rays, 8.6-9.6(4.7%) Zn K x-rays
100 nCi-10 μCi 3.7 kBq-370 kBq
GF-166-x Holmium-166m 1200 y 81-1427, 48-58(37.6%) Er K x-rays 10 nCi-1 μCi 370 Bq-37 kBq
GF-125-x Iodine-125 59.43 d 35(6.58%), 27-32(139%) Te K x-rays 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-129-x Iodine-129 1.5 x 107 y 40(7.5%), 29-35(70.4%) Xe K x-rays 50 nCi-1 μCi 1.85 kBq-37 kBq
GF-059-x Iron-59 44.51 d 1099(56.3%), 1292(43.7%) 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-054-x Manganese-54 312.3 d 835(100%), 5.4-5.9(25.6%) Cr K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-203-x Mercury-203 46.595 d 279.2(81.5%) 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
GF-046-x Scandium-46 83.79 d 889(99.9%), 1121(99.9%) 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-075-x Selenium-75 119.64 d 121(17.1%), 136(58.8%), 265(59%), 280(25%), 10.5-12.0(56.8%) As K x-rays
5 nCi-10 μCi 185B q-370 kBq
GF-110-x Silver-110m 249.8 d 657.8(94.4%), 884.6(72.6%) 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-131-x Simulated I-131 ~5 y 356 (from Ba-133), 662 (from Cs-137/Ba-137) 50 nCi-10 μCi 1.85 kBq-370 kBq
GF-022-x Sodium-22 950.8 d 511(178%), 1275(100%) 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-085-x Strontium-85 64.849 d 514(98.4%), 13.3-15.3(58.7%) Rb K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-113-x Tin-113 115.09 d 392(64% from In-113 m), 24-28(96.8%) In K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-088-x Yttrium-88 106.630 d 898(94%), 1836(99.4%), 14.1-16.2(61.6%) Sr K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-065-x Zinc-65 244.26 d 1116(50.6%), 8.0-8.9(38.7%) Cu K x-rays 5 nCi-10 μCi 185 Bq-370 kBq
GF-095-x Zirconium-95/Nb-95 64.02 d 724(44.1%), 757(54.5%) 10 nCi-10 μCi 370 Bq-370 kBq
Gamma Sets—Type T
Catalog Number Available Activities Sets Consist Of
GF-290-0.1x 0.1 μCi 3.7 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
GF-290-1x 1 μCi 37 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
GF-290-10x 10 μCi 370 kBq Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Na-22
55 R&C2007v1.0
This series includes the Extended Alpha or Beta Standards (EAB) and the Large Decade Standards (LDS). These standards are used for the calibration of alpha, beta and wide area counters. EAB standards are typically disks and LDS standards are either large square or large rectangular standards. All sources are NIST traceable based on output or contained activity. NIST certification on contained activity is not available on some alpha and beta sources. The surface emission rate in 2π is given on the certificate and is NIST traceable for most nuclides. Note that the emission rate for a given energy spectrum is a function of detector geometry, gas composition, pressure and material of construction, so that virtually every detector may have a different response. All electroplated sources are prepared +/- 30% of nominal activity.
EAB—Unmounted Foil
These are rugged sources designed primarily for the calibration of portable survey instruments in the plant or field.
These sources are annealed, so that the active surface of the source may be gently wiped our touched without removing activity from the surface.
Overall Diameter
Thickness
Overall Dimensions
X Overall Diameter Active Diameter Thickness Minimum Maximum
25U 0.984” (25 mm) 0.787” (20 mm) 0.03” (0.762 mm) 5 nCi (185 Bq) 31 nCi (1.14 kBq)
32U 1.26” (32 mm) 0.984” (25 mm) 0.03” (0.762 mm) 5 nCi (185 Bq) 49 nCi (1.81 kBq)
47U 1.85”(47 mm) 1.73” (45 mm) 0.03” (0.762 mm) 5 nCi (185 Bq) 159 nCi (58.8 kBq)
50U 2.0” (50.8 mm) 1.85” (47 mm) 0.03” (0.762 mm) 5 nCi (185 Bq) 173 nCi (64.0 kBq)
Planar Calibration Standards—Unmounted Foil
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Principle Emmissions (keV) Nature of Active Material Window
EAB-241-x Americium-241 432.17 y 5388, 5443, 5486 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-239-x Plutonium-239 2.411 x 104 y 5105, 5143, 5156 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-099-x Technetium-99 2.13 x 105 y 294 βmax Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-230-x Thorium-230 7.54 x 104 y 4621, 4688 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
Figure 55-A: Unmounted Configuration
A14–6
56 R&C2007v1.0
Planar Calibration Standards
Planchet—EAB-PL
These standards simulate cupped planchet samples and can be used as calibration or performance check standards.
Overall Diameter
Thickness
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
2.0” 1.77” 0.125”
50.8 mm 45 mm 3.18 mm
Activities & Exceptions
Available Activities
5 nCi-100 nCi (185 Bq-3.7 kBq)
Exceptions
Cl-36 1 nCi-1.6 μCi (37 Bq-59.2 kBq)
U-235 1 nCi-25 nCi (37 Bq-925 Bq)
U-238 1 nCi-4 nCi (37 Bq-148 Bq)
U-238D 1 nCi-2 nCi (37 Bq-74 Bq)
Planar Calibration Standards—PL Style
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Principle Emmissions (keV) Nature of Active Material Window
EAB-241-PL Americium-241 (4) 432.17 y 5388, 5443, 5486 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-014-PL Carbon-14 5730 y 156 βmax Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-137-PL Cesium-137 30.17 y 662, 1175 βmax Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-036-PL Chlorine-36 3.01 x105 y 1142 βmax Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-060-PL Cobalt-60 5.272 y 1173, 1332 ~300 βmax Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-125-PL Iodine-125(1) 59.43 d 35.5, 27-32 K x-rays g Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-129-PL Iodine-129 1.57 x 107 y 40, 29-35 K x-rays g Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-239-PL Plutonium-239 (4) 2.411 x 104 y 5105, 5143, 5156 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-210-PL Polonium-210 (2) 138.376 d 5304 α Electroless Deposit onto Silver Substrate None
EAB-147-PL Promethium-147 2.6234 y 225 β Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-131-PL Simulated Iodine-131 ~5 y 356, 662 g Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-090-PL Strontium 90/Yttrium-90 (3) 28.5 y Sr-90:546 β, Y-90:2282 Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-099-PL Technetium-99 (4) 2.13 x 105 y 294 β Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-204-PL Thallium-204 3.78 y 763 β Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-230-PL Thorium-230 (4) 7.54 x 104 y 4621, 4688 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-235-PL Uranium-235(beta from Pa-231) (2) 7.037 x 108 y 4215-4597 α Electroplated onto Aluminum Substrate 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-238-PL Uranium-238(Natural) (2) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196 (beta from Pa-234) α Electroplated onto Aluminum Substrate 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
1) See note on page 45 regarding I-125 sources. 3) See note on page 41 regarding Sr-90/Y-90 sources.2) 100 µg/cm2 acrylic cover available upon request. 4) 100 µg/cm2 gold cover available upon request.
Figure 56-A: PL Style
A1410
57 R&C2007v1.0
Overall Dimensions
X Overall Diameter Active Diameter Height
47LB 1.85” (47 mm) 1.61” (41 mm) 0.125” (3.18 mm)
50LB 2.0” (50.8 mm) 1.77” (45 mm) 0.125” (3.18 mm)
Thickness
Overall Diameter
Ring and Disk—EAB-LB
EAB-LB disk standards are designed to check the performance and to determine the efficiency of low level counting systems such as proportional counters. The stainless steel disk containing the active element is surrounded by an aluminum ring which holds the window assembly in place.
Activities & Exceptions
Available Activities
5 nCi-100 nCi (185 Bq-3.7 kBq)
Exceptions
Cl-36 1 nCi-1.6 μCi (37 Bq-59.2 kBq)
U-235 1 nCi-25 nCi (37 Bq-92 5Bq)
U-238 1 nCi-4 nCi (37 Bq-148 Bq)
U-238D 1 nCi-2 nCi (37 Bq-74 Bq)
Planar Calibration Standards—LB Configuration
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Principle Emmissions (keV) Nature of Active Material Window
EAB-241-x Americium-241 (4) 432.17 y 5388, 5443, 5486 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-014-x Carbon-14 5730 y 156 βmax Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-137-x Cesium-137 30.17 y 662, 1175 βmax Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-036-x Chlorine-36 3.01 x105 y 1142 βmax Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-060-x Cobalt-60 5.272 y 1173, 1332 ~300 βmax Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-125-x Iodine-125(1) 59.43 d 35.5, 27-32 K x-rays g Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-129-x Iodine-129 1.57 x 107 y 40, 29-35 K x-rays g Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-239-x Plutonium-239 (4) 2.411 x 104 y 5105, 5143, 5156 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-210-x Polonium-210 (2) 138.376 d 5304 α Electroless Deposit onto Silver Substrate None
EAB-147-x Promethium-147 2.6234 y 225 β Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-131-x Simulated Iodine-131 ~5 y 356, 662 g Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-090-x Strontium 90/Yttrium-90 (3) 28.5 y Sr-90:546 β, Y-90:2282 Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-099-x Technetium-99 (4) 2.13 x 105 y 294 β Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-204-x Thallium-204 3.78 y 763 β Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-230-x Thorium-230 (4) 7.54 x 104 y 4621, 4688 α Electroplated onto Stainless Steel None
EAB-235-x Uranium-235(beta from Pa-231) (2) 7.037 x 108 y 4215-4597 α Electroplated onto Aluminum Substrate 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-238-x Uranium-238(Natural) (2) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196(beta from Pa-234) α Electroplated onto Aluminum Substrate 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
1) See note on page 45 regarding I-125 sources. 3) See note on page 41 regarding Sr-90/Y-90 sources. 2) 100 µg/cm2 acrylic cover available upon request. 4) 100 µg/cm2 gold cover available upon request.
Figure 57-A: LB Configuration
A1402
58 R&C2007v1.0
Planar Calibration Standards
Planchet—EAB-PL-FP
Filter paper standards are designed to simulate surface smears and thus establish efficiencies for smear samples of similar construction. Since alpha and beta particles are easily attenuated by the filter paper, the actual surface emission may not appear to relate to the contained activity. Therefore, efficiencies derived with such standards have a large uncertainty caused by the inherent absorption. Filter paper standards are most useful in establishing action levels for smear samples. The calibration certificate provides both the contained activity and the surface emission rate of the standard.
Beta standards are covered with 0.9 mg/cm2 aluminized Mylar. Alpha standards are covered with 100 - 200 µg/cm2 of acrylic. In addition to the mounts described above, the active filter paper can be mounted in any of the EAB-LB or EAB-PL configurations.
Overall Diameter
Thickness
Overall Dimensions
Overall Diameter
Active Diameter Height
2.0” 1.77” 0.125”
50.8 mm 45 mm 3.18 mm
Activities & Exceptions
Available Activities
5 nCi-100 nCi (185 Bq-3.7 kBq)
Exceptions
Cl-36 1 nCi-1.6 μCi (37 Bq-59.2 kBq)
U-235 1 nCi-25 nCi (37 Bq-925 Bq)
U-238 1 nCi-5 nCi (37.5 Bq-185 Bq)
U-238D 1 nCi-2 nCi (37 Bq-74 Bq)
Planar Calibration Standards—PL-FP Style
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Principle Emmissions (keV) Nature of Active Material Window
EAB-241-PL-FP Americium-241 432.17 y 5388, 5443, 5486 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-014-PL-FP Carbon-14 5730 y 156 βmax Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-137-PL-FP Cesium-137 30.17 y 662, 1175 βmax Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-036-PL-FP Chlorine-36 3.01 x105 y 1142 βmax Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-060-PL-FP Cobalt-60 5.272 y 1173, 1332 ~300 βmax Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-125-PL-FP Iodine-125(1) 59.43 d 35.5, 27-32 K x-rays g Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-129-PL-FP Iodine-129 1.57 x 107 y 40, 29-35 K x-rays g Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-239-PL-FP Plutonium-239 2.411 x 104 y 5105, 5143, 5156 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-210-PL-FP Polonium-210 (NIST, contained activity only)
138.376 d 5304 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-147-PL-FP Promethium-147 2.6234 y 225 β Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-131-PL-FP Simulated Iodine-131 ~5 y 356, 662 g Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-090-PL-FP Strontium 90/Yttrium-90 (2) 28.5 y Sr-90:546 β, Y-90:2282 Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-099-PL-FP Technetium-99 2.13 x 105 y 294 β Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-204-PL-FP Thallium-204 3.78 y 763 β Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-230-PL-FP Thorium-230 7.54 x 104 y 4621, 4688 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-235-PL-FP Uranium-235(beta from Pa-231) 7.037 x 108 y 4215-4597 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-238-PL-FP Uranium-238(Natural) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196 (beta from Pa-234) α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
1) See note on page 45 regarding I-125 sources. 2) See note on page 41 regarding Sr-90/Y-90 sources.
Figure 58-A: PL-FP Style
A1410
59 R&C2007v1.0
Overall Dimensions
X Overall Diameter Active Diameter Height
47LB-FP 1.85” (47 mm) 1.61” (41 mm) 0.125” (3.18 mm)
50LB-FP 2.0” (50.8 mm) 1.77” (45 mm) 0.125” (3.18 mm)
Thickness
Overall Diameter
Ring and Disk—EAB-LB-FP
The stainless steel disk containing the active element is surrounded by an aluminum ring which holds the window assembly in place.
Activities & Exceptions
Available Activities
5 nCi-100 nCi (185 Bq-3.7 kBq)
Exceptions
Cl-36 1 nCi-1.6 μCi (37 Bq-59.2 kBq)
U-235 1 nCi-25 nCi (37 Bq-925 Bq)
U-238: 47LB 1 nCi-4 nCi (37 Bq-148 Bq)
U-238: 50LB 1 nCi-4 nCi (37 Bq-148 Bq)
U-238D 1 nCi-2 nCi (37 Bq-74 Bq)
Planar Calibration Standards—LB-FP Configuration
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Principle Emmissions (keV) Nature of Active Material Window
EAB-241-x-FP Americium-241 432.17 y 5388, 5443, 5486 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-014-x-FP Carbon-14 5730 y 156 βmax Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-137-x-FP Cesium-137 30.17 y 662, 1175 βmax Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-036-x-FP Chlorine-36 3.01 x105 y 1142 βmax Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-060-x-FP Cobalt-60 5.272 y 1173, 1332 ~300 βmax Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-125-PL-FP Iodine-125(1) 59.43 d 35.5, 27-32 K x-rays g Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-129-x-FP Iodine-129 1.57 x 107 y 40, 29-35 K x-rays g Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-239-x-FP Plutonium-239 2.411 x 104 y 5105, 5143, 5156 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-210-x-FP Polonium-210 (NIST, contained activity only)
138.376 d 5304 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-147-x-FP Promethium-147 2.6234 y 225 β Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-131-x-FP Simulated Iodine-131 ~5 y 356, 662 g Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-090-x-FP Strontium 90/Yttrium-90 (2) 28.5 y Sr-90:546 β, Y-90:2282 Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-099-x-FP Technetium-99 2.13 x 105 y 294 β Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-204-x-FP Thallium-204 3.78 y 763 β Deposited onto Filter Paper 0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
EAB-230-x-FP Thorium-230 7.54 x 104 y 4621, 4688 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-235-x-FP Uranium-235(beta from Pa-231) 7.037 x 108 y 4215-4597 α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
EAB-238-x-FP Uranium-238(Natural) 4.468 x 109 y 4147, 4196(beta from Pa-234) α Deposited onto Filter Paper 100 μg/cm2 Acrylic
Figure 59-A: LB-FP Configuration
A1402
1) See note on page 45 regarding I-125 sources. 2) See note on page 41 regarding Sr-90/Y-90 sources.
60 R&C2007v1.0
Planar Calibration Standards
The Large Area Standards (LDS Series) are intended for the calibration of large area survey probes currently used for area and personnel monitoring.
A comprehensive range of alpha and beta energies is listed in the tables on pages 76–77. Requirements for other nuclides, activity levels and larger geometries can be accommodated upon request.
Active elements are prepared by electroplating or by evaporative deposition. Available activity levels for each nuclide are listed in the tables on pages 61–65.
Sources may be supplied with aluminum or Mylar windows or as uncovered sources depending on the nature of the active deposit and the emitted energy.
Electroplated standards are supplied on an aluminum or stainless steel backing plate. Deposited standards employing Mylar covers are supplied with a plastic backing plate. All standards are supplied in plastic storage boxes.
Two Standard Sizes are Available
Model 1620: 3.94” x 3.94” (100 mm x 100 mm) active area
Model 1621: 3.94” x 5.91” (100 mm x 150 mm) active area
Calibration
The contained activity is certified in nanocuries or microcuries and becquerels or kilobecquerels and is NIST traceable ± 5%.
The surface emission rate in 2π is given on the certificate and is NIST traceable for most nuclides.
Standard Sets for Specialized Applications
Decade Standard Sets (LDS-300) are designed to routinely check the tracking of G.M. and proportional counters from scale to scale. They may be supplied as an alpha, low energy beta, or high energy beta/gamma set. Each set is supplied as 3 standards with activities at 1,000 dpm, 10,000 dpm and 100,000 dpm (16.7 Bq, 166.7 Bq and 1.67 kBq). Each source is NIST traceable ± 5% on contained activity.
Active Width B
Overall Width B
Overall Width A
Active Width A
Frame
Alpha 0.187” (4.75 mm)
Beta 0.250” (6.35 mm)
Aluminum Frame
Active Element
Base Plate
Aluminized mylar cover
0.00025”(0.0064 mm)
Overall Dimensions
Model Overall Width “A” Active Width “A” Overall Width “B” Active Width “B”
LDS-XXX-100 mm 4.75” (121 mm) 3.94” (100 mm) 4.75” (121 mm) 3.94” (100 mm)
LDS-XXX-150 mm 4.75” (121 mm) 3.94” (100 mm) 6.73” (171 mm) 5.91” (150 mm)
Figure 60-A: LDS Planar Standard
A1620 or A1621
Large Area Standards—LDS Sources
61 R&C2007v1.0
Americium-241
Half-Life: 432.17 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 5388, 5443, 5486 Other Significant Radiations: Gamma
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-241-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-30% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-241-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Carbon-14
Half-Life: 5730 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 156 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-014-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-15% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-014-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Cesium-137
Half-Life: 432.17 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 5388, 5443, 5486 Other Significant Radiations: Gamma
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-137-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-15% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-137-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Chlorine-36
Half-Life: 3.01 x 105 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 1142 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-036-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-15% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-036-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Cobalt-60
Half-Life: 5.272 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): ~300 keV Other Significant Radiations: Gamma
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-060-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-15% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-060-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
62 R&C2007v1.0
Planar Calibration Standards
Iodine-129
Half-Life: 1.57 x 107 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 154 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-129-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Simulates I-125. Refer to note on page 45 regarding “Simulated I-125” standards.
+/-15% of Nominal Activity.LDS-129-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725”
121 mm x 171 mm3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Plutonium-238
Half-Life: 87.74 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 5456, 5499 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-238-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-30% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-238-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Plutonium-239
Half-Life: 2.411 x 104 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 5105, 5143, 5156 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-239-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-30% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-239-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
63 R&C2007v1.0
Promethium-147
Half-Life: 2.6234 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 225 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-147-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-15% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-147-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Silicon-32 / Phosphorus-32
Half-Life: 104 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 225, 1710 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-032-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.002” Aluminum Window
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
This long-lived P-32 standard is the beta emitting P-32 daughter of the long-lived Si-32 parent. The standard mounting for this source includes a 0.002” (0.051 mm) AI window. This window will absorb more than 60% of the Si-32 225 keV betas and less than 5% of the P-32 betas.Standards are prepared with the P-32 in equilibrium with the parent Si-32.
+/-15% of Nominal Activity.
LDS-032-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.002” Aluminum Window
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Strontium-90 / Yttrium-90
Half-Life: 28.5 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 546, 2282 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-090-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Refer to note on page 41 regarding Sr-90 sources.
+/-15% of Nominal Activity.
LDS-090-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Technetium -99
Half-Life: 2.13 x 105 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 294 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-099-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-30% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-099-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
64 R&C2007v1.0
Planar Calibration Standards
Thallium -204
Half-Life: 3.78 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 763 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-204-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-15% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-204-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Deposited onto Polymeric Membrane
0.9 mg/cm2 Aluminized Mylar
5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
Thorium-230
Half-Life: 7.54 x 104 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 4621, 4688 Other Significant Radiations: None
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-230-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq +/-30% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-230-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Electroplated onto Stainless Steel
None 5 nCi-100 nCi 185 Bq-3.7 kBq
65 R&C2007v1.0
Uranium-235
Half-Life: 7.037 x 108 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 4215-4597 Other Significant Radiations: Gamma
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-235-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Electroplated onto Aluminum
None 5 nCi-200 nCi 185 Bq-7.4 kBq +/-30% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-235-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Electroplated onto Aluminum
None 5 nCi-200 nCi 185 Bq-7.4 kBq
Uranium-238
Half-Life: 4.468 x 109 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 4147, 4196 Other Significant Radiations: Gamma
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-238U-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Electroplated onto Aluminum
None 5 nCi-30 nCi 185 Bq-1.11 kBq +/-30% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-238U-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Electroplated onto Aluminum
None 5 nCi-30 nCi 185 Bq-1.11 kBq
Uranium-238D
Half-Life: 4.468 x 109 y EMAX b (keV) or Ea(keV): 4147, 4196 Other Significant Radiations: Gamma
Catalog Number Overall Dimensions
Active Dimensions
Nature of Active Material Window Available
Activities Additional Information
LDS-238D-100 mm 4.75” x 4.75” 121 mm x 121 mm
3.94” X 3.94” 100 mm x 100 mm
Electroplated onto Aluminum
None 5 nCi-15 nCi 185 Bq-555 Bq +/-30% of
Nominal Activity.LDS-238D-150 mm 4.75” x 6.725” 121 mm x 171 mm
3.94” x 5.91” 100 mm x 150 mm
Electroplated onto Aluminum
None 5 nCi-15 nCi 185 Bq-555 Bq
67 R&C2007v1.0
Alpha Sources—AFR Sources
The AFR sources with rolled foils are available for Am-241 and Po-210. The standard mounting is in a type A-2 capsule (Fig 68-A ) with a 9.5 mm (0.375”) active diameter.
The active element for Am-241 consists of a rolled monolithic foil in which the activity is incorporated into a thin gold layer and bonded to a 0.001 mm (0.00004”) gold cover. (Fig 67-A). The active element for Po-210 consists of a rolled monolithic foil in which the activity is incorporated into a thin gold layer and bonded to a 0.001 mm (0.00004”) silver cover. (Fig 67-B). The active foils are sealed into the A-2 capsule with a vacuum compatible epoxy resin. The resulting unit is suitable for space and other high vacuum and low temperature applications. The foil construction is extremely resistant to leakage from puncture since there is no separate window or air space. The self absorption of the gold matrix plus the integral window absorption reduces the alpha-max energy to approximately 4.7 MeV for Am-241 and approximately 4.2 MeV for Po-210. Inquiries for more accurate calibration will be quoted upon request. These sources are not sold as spectral grade sources.
The standard active area is approximately 0.71 cm2, corresponding to the 9.5 mm (0.374”) window diameter. Contained activity is certified to ±30% of the nominal value. NIST traceability is available for contained activity of Am-241 sources up to 100 μCi (3.7 MBq). NIST traceability is not available for Po-210 sources.
Standard activities are listed below. Higher activities for both nuclides are available on request.
Overall Thickness
.0041” (0.104 mm)
Thru 0.0091” (0.231 mm)
A. Gold or Palladium Plate 0.00002”(0.00051 mm)B. Gold 0.00004”(0.0010 mm)C. Americium-241 & Gold 0.00002”(0.00051 mm)D. Gold 0.00003”(0.0008 mm)E. Silver 0.0004”(0.0102 mm) to 0.009”(0.229 mm)F. Flash Plating for Identification
Figure 67-A : Am-241 Rolled Foil Cross-Section
A
BCD
E
F
ABCDE
G
Overall Thickness.00045”
(0.11 mm)Thru 0.007” (0.178 mm)
A. Gold Plate Min 0.00002”(0.00051 mm)B. Nickel Min 0.00001”(0.0003 mm)C. Gold 0.00004”(0.0010 mm)D. Polonium-210 and Silver 0.00002”(0.00051 mm)E. Gold 0.00003”(0.0008 mm)F. Silver 0.0044”(0.1118 mm) - 0.0068”(0.1727 mm)G. Gold Plate Min 0.00002”(0.00051 mm)
F
Figure 67-B : Po-210 Rolled Foil Cross-Section
AFR Sources (1, 2)
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Max Alpha Energy (keV) Active Diameter Maximum Activity
AFR-210 Po-210 138.376 days 5304 5 mm 1 µCi
AFR-228 Th-228 698.2 days 5341, 5423 5 mm 1 µCi
AFR-238 Pu-238 87.74 years 5456, 5499 5 - 8 mm 1 µCi
AFR-239 Pu-239 2.411E+04 years 5143, 5156 5 - 8 mm 1 µCi
AFR-241 Am-241 432.14 years 5443, 5486 5 mm 1 µCi
AFR-244 Cm-244 18.11 years 5763, 5805 5 mm 1 µCi
The following group of model numbers is sold as is. Activity and active diameters are not variable, and rolled foils all come with gold cover.
PO2A210U Po-210 138.376 days 5304 9.5 mm 10 µCi
PO2A2100U Po-210 138.376 days 5304 9.5 mm 100 µCi
PO2A21000U Po-210 138.376 days 5304 9.5 mm 1000 µCi
AM1A210U Am-241 432.14 years 5443, 5486 9.5 mm 10 µCi
AM1A250U Am-241 432.14 years 5443, 5486 9.5 mm 50 µCi
AM1A2100U Am-241 432.14 years 5443, 5486 9.5 mm 100 µCi
1) All sources listed are not sold as spectral grade sources.2) 100 μg/cm2 gold covers are available upon request for AFR prefixed models.
68 R&C2007v1.0
BFR Sources
These sources provide a safe and convenient package for prototype studies, attenuation, and general laboratory use. The standard mount is in an A-2 capsule. Contained activity is supplied as a nominal value ±15%. A NIST traceable calibration of the contained activity is available for Ru-106/Rh-106 only.
BFR Sources
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Principle Beta
Emmissions (EmaxkeV) Substrate Window Maximum Activity
BFR-106(1) Ru-106 / Rh-106 1.020 y 39 / 3540 0.210” x 0.040” Ceramic 13.7 mg/cm2 Al 10 µCi 370 kBq
BFR-090(1) Sr-90 / Y-90 28.5 y 546 / 2282 0.210” x 0.040” Ceramic 40 mg/cm2 SS 10 µCi 370 kBq
BFR-204 (1) Tl-204 3.78 y 763 0.210” x 0.040” Ceramic 13.7 mg/cm2 Al 100 µCi 3.7 MBq
1) Source has a ceramic active element which will reduce beta output.
Capsule
0.5” (12.7 mm)
Active Foil
Plug4-40 THD 0.080” (2.03 mm) Deep
0.25” (6.35 mm)
Active Diameter 0.197” (5 mm)
Figure 68-A: Type A-2 Capsule
A1205 (AFR)A1225 (BFR)
Sources for Research Applications
69 R&C2007v1.0
Mono-Energetic (Conversion) Electron Sources—ME Series
These sources are used as energy markers for the calibration of solid-state detectors and beta spectrometers. Sources are prepared by electrodeposition or evaporation of the radionuclide as a 0.2” (5.08 mm) diameter spot on very thin Mylar, nickel, or platinum surface foil, and protected by a 100-200 μg/cm2 acrylic cover. This assembly is mounted in an aluminum ring from which it can easily be removed (MF-1 mount). Contained activity is supplied as a nominal value ±15%. A NIST traceable calibration of the contained value will be provided on request. Sources are sold as “open sources”. The source surface can not be wiped. Please refer to page 72 for complete wipe test information.
ME Series
Catalog Number Nuclide Half-Life Significant Electron
Energies (keV) Substrate Method of Preparation Window Maximum Activity
ME-133 Ba-133 3862 d 5, 45, 75, 267, 320 Mylar Evaporation 100-200 µg/cm2 acrylic 10 µCi 370 kBq
ME-207 Bi-207 32.2 y 481, 975, 1047 Platinum Evaporation 100-200 µg/cm2 acrylic 10 µCi 370 kBq
ME-109 Cd-109 462.6 d 63, 85 Nickel Evaporation 100-200 µg/cm2 acrylic 10 µCi 370 kBq
ME-137 Cs-137 30.17 y 624, 656 Mylar Evaporation 100-200 µg/cm2 acrylic 10 µCi 370 kBq
ME-057 Co-57 271.79 d 7, 14, 115, 129 Nickel Evaporation 100-200 µg/cm2 acrylic 10 µCi 370 kBq
ME-113 Sn-113 115.09 d 20, 23, 364, 388 Platinum Evaporation 100-200 µg/cm2 acrylic 10 µCi 370 kBq
1” (25.4 mm)
Foil0.125” (3.18 mm)
Active Element 0.2” (5.08 mm)
Removable Flat Snap Ring
Support Ring
Figure 69-A: MF-1 Disk
A1206
70 R&C2007v1.0
Sources for Research Applications
Positron Sources—POSK and POSN Series
Ge-68 and Na-22 positron sources are available in titanium and polyimide film configurations. Although designed primarily for use in studies of solid state vacancy phenomena, the titanium configuration may be used in any application requiring conditions of high vacuum or elevated temperature.
The titanium source is 0.750” (19.1 mm) in diameter and has an active diameter of 0.375” (9.53 mm). The activity is placed between two layers of 0.0002” (0.0051 mm) titanium foil, supported by two 0.010” (0.25 mm) titanium disks. This assembly is sealed by electron beam welding.
The polyimide source is 0.5” (12.7 mm) in diameter and has an active diameter of 0.2” (5.08 mm). Other sizes are available upon request. The activity is deposited between two layers of 7.2 mg/cm2 polyimide and sealed with epoxy. This source is NOT designed for vacuum applications or for temperatures above approximately 200˚C. Contained activity is supplied as a nominal value ±15%. A NIST traceable calibration of the contained value will be quoted upon request.
Positron Series
Nuclide Half-Life B+ Probability % Positron (EmaxkeV) Major Photons (keV)
Na-22 950.8 d 89.4 2842 511(1), 1275 (100%)
Ge-68 / Ga-68 270.8 d 89 2921 (Ga-68) 511(1), 1077 (3.0%) (Ga-68)
1) From positron annihilation.
0.75” (19.1 mm)
E.B. Weld
Active Diameter 0.375” (9.53 mm)
Foil 0.0002” (0.00508 mm)
0.010 Ti (0.254 mm)
Figure 70-B: POSN Configuration
A2305
POSK Series
Catalog Number Nuclide Support
Material Activity Range
POSK-22 Na-22 Polyimide 10 µCi-100 µCi 370 kBq-3.7 MBq
POSK-68 Ge-68 Polyimide 10 µCi-100 µCi 370 kBq-3.7 MBq
POSN Series
Catalog Number Nuclide Support
Material Activity Range
POSN-22 Na-22 Titanium 10 µCi-50 µCi 370 kBq-1.85 MBq
POSN-68 Ge-68 Titanium 10 µCi-50 µCi 370 kBq-1.85 MBq
Overall Diameter0.5” (12.7 mm)
Active Diameter 0.2” (5.08 mm)
2 Layers of 3.6mg/cm2 Polymide Film
Figure 70-A: POSK Configuration
A2306
72 R&C2007v1.0
Leak Test Information
The following are descriptions of the leak tests performed by EZIP on the various products in this catalog. The applicable wipe test for the product ordered will be marked off on the back of the calibration certificates and/or nominal data sheets supplied with each source. More than one leak test type may be applicable per source. For example a calibrated solution supplied in a flame sealed ampoule will require both the standard wipe test and the ampoule leak test.
Standard Wipe Test
The source was wiped over its entire surface with a moistened filter paper disk. After drying, the disk was checked for activity using a windowless proportional counter, end-window G.M. tube or plastic scintillation detector. There was < 0.001 μCi beta-gamma and < 0.0001 μCi alpha of removable activity.
Special Wipe Test
The source was wiped over its entire surface with moistened polystyrene. The polystyrene was then dissolved in a liquid scintillation cocktail and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. There was < 0.001 μCi beta-gamma and < 0.0001 μCi alpha of removable activity.
Ampoule Leak Test
The ampoule was kept in an inverted position on a filter paper disk or polystyrene wipe for a minimum of 16 hours. The wipe was then checked for activity using a windowless proportional counter, end-window G.M. tube, plastic scintillation detector or liquid scintillation counter. There was < 0.001 μCi beta-gamma and < 0.0001 μCi alpha of removable activity.
Leak Test Not Applicable
The active area of the source is uncovered or is protected by a very thin coating. Although the deposit is adherent, it is neither designed nor certified to pass a standard leak test. The inactive portions of the source have been checked using the standard wipe test or special wipe test depending on the nuclide. There was < 0.001 μCi beta-gamma and < 0.0001 μCi alpha of removable activity.
Other Leak Test
In some instances, such as the production of a custom source, the use of a non-standard leak test may be necessary. In such instances the test will be fully described in this section of the Leak Test Certificate located on the back of the Calibration Certificate or Nominal Source Data Sheet.
73 R&C2007v1.0
Curie/SI Conversion Tables
Densities of Common Window and Absorber Materials
Metal or Material Symbol Z Denisty g/cc Density mg/cm2/mil
Aluminized Mylar — — 1.42 3.60
Kapton — — 1.42 3.60
Stainless Steel — — 7.86 20.0
Beryllium Be 4 1.85 4.70
Aluminum Al 13 2.70 6.86
Titanium Ti 22 4.50 11.43
Iron Fe 26 7.86 20.0
Nickel Ni 28 8.90 22.6
Copper Cu 29 8.92 22.7
Silver Ag 47 10.5 26.7
Platinum Pt 78 21.45 54.5
Gold Au 79 19.3 49.0
Lead Pb 82 11.34 28.8
Conversion Tables for Radioactivity
Curie Units µCi / mCi / Ci
Becquerel Units kBq / MBq / GBq
0.1 3.7
0.25 9.25
0.5 18.5
0.75 27.75
1 37
2 74
3 111
5 185
7 259
10 370
20 740
25 925
Curie Units µCi / mCi / Ci
Becquerel Units MBq / GBq / TBq
50 1.85
60 2.22
100 3.7
200 7.4
250 9.25
500 18.5
800 29.6
1000 37
To convert from one unit to another, read across from one column to the other ensuring the units are in the same line of the column headings. For example:
From the first table: 0.1 mCi = 3.7 MBq 0.1 Ci = 3.7 GBq
From the second table: 50 mCi = 1.85 GBq 3.7 MBq = 100 μCi
dps dpm Bq Ci
1 60 1 Bq 27 pCi
1,000 60,000 1 kBq 27 nCi
1,000,000 60,000,000 1 MBq 27 μCi
1,000,000,000 60,000,000,000 1 GBq 27 mCi
Ci Bq dpm
1 pCi 0.037 Bq 2.2
1 nCi 37 Bq 2.22 x 103
1 μCi 37 kBq 2.22 x 106
1 mCi 37 MBq 2.22 x 109
1 Ci 37 GBq 2.22 x 1012
Absorbed Dose
1 gray (Gy) = 100 rad1 rad = 0.01 Gy
Dose Equivalent
1 Sievert (Sv) = 100 rem1 rem = 0.01 Sv
74 R&C2007v1.0
ANSI/ISO Classifications
The development of these standards began in 1962 and they were published in 1968. The standards were written so that both the regulatory agencies and the users would have specifications which would characterize radioactive sources and establish performance standards.
The tables on the following page are from ANSI.N542 and ISO.2919, Classifications of sealed radioactive sources.
The concept of both ANSI.N542 and ISO.2919 is that design standards are not mandated but a series of tests are specified for which prototypes of new designs are subjected. In this manner innovation is encouraged without sacrificing safety standards. Minimum performance must be met to demonstrate suitability for certain applications.
Current copies of these standards are available from:
American National Standards Institute1430 BroadwayNew York, NY 10018(212) 642-4900
Global Engineering15 Inverness Way EastEnglewood CO 80112(800) 854-7179
International Organization for Standardization1, Rue De VarendelCase Postale 56CH-1211 Geneva 20Switzerland41-22-734-0150
Test Class
1 2 3 4 5 6 X
Temperature No Test -40̊ C (20 min) +80̊ C (1 h)
-40̊ C (20 min) +80̊ C (1 h)
-40̊ C (20 min) +400̊ C (1 h) and thermal shock +400̊ C to 20̊ C
-40̊ C (20 min) +600̊ C (1 h) and thermal shock +600̊ C to 20̊ C
-40̊ C (20 min) +800̊ C (1 h) and thermal shock +800̊ C to 20̊ C
Special Test
External Pressure
No Test 25 kN/m2 abs. (3.6 lbf/in2) to atmosphere
25 kN/m2 abs. (3.6 lbf/in2) to atmosphere
25 kN/m2 abs. (3.6 lbf/in2) to 7 MN/m2 (1,015 lbf/in2) abs.
25 kN/m2 abs. (3.6 lbf/in2) to 7 MN/m2 (10,153 lbf/in2) abs.
25 kN/m2 abs. (3.6 lbf/in2) to 7 MN/m2 (24,656 lbf/in2) abs.
Special Test
Impact No Test 50 g (1.8 oz)from 1 m(3.28 ft) and free drop ten times to a steel surface from 1.5 m (4.92 ft)
200 g (7 oz) from 1 m 2 kg (4.4 lb) from 1 m 5 kg (11 lb) from 1 m 20 kg (44 lb) from 1 m Special Test
Vibration No Test 30 min 25 to 500 Hz at 5 g peak amp
30 min 25 to 50 Hz at 5 g peak amp and 50 to 90 Hz at 0.635 mm amp peak to peak and 90 to 500 Hz at 10 g
90 min 25 to 80 Hz at 1.5 mm peak amp peak to peak and 80 to 2000 Hz at 20 g
Not Used Not Used Special Test
Puncture No Test 1 g (15.4 gr) from 1 m 10 g (154 gr) from 1 m 50 g (1.76 oz) from 1 m 300 g (10.6 oz) from 1 m 1 kg (2.2 lb) from 1 m Special Test
The tests are performed on two sources. Different specimens of the same source design are allowed for each test in the above table. To pass a test the sealed source must retain its activity after each test and pass the prescribed leak tests. Source performance is generally described as C12345, a letter and five digits. The letter will be either C or E. C indicates the activity does not exceed limits established by nuclide dependent upon its toxicity and the solubility of its physical form. E indicates the activity exceeds those limits. The five digits indicate, respectively, the highest test passed for temperature, pressure, impact, vibration, and puncture.
75 R&C2007v1.0
Sealed Source Usage Sealed Source Test and Class
Temperature Pressure Impact Vibration Puncture
Radiography–Industrial Unprotected SourceSource in Device
43
33
53
11
53
MedicalRadiographyGamma Teletherapy
35
23
35
12
24
Gamma Gauges Unprotected SourceSource in Device
44
33
32
33
32
Beta Gauges and Sources for Low Energy Gamma Gauges or X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (excluding gas filled sources)
3 3 2 2 2
Oil Well Logging 5 6 5 2 2
Portable Moisture and Density Gauge (including hand held or dolly transported)
4 3 3 3 3
General Neutron Source Application (excluding reactor start-up)
4 3 3 2 3
Calibration Sources–Activity Greater Than 30μCi 2 2 2 1 2
Gamma Irradiators (1) Categories II, III, IV (3)
Category I44
33
43
22
43
Ion Generators (2) ChromatographyStatic EliminatorsSmoke Detectors
323
222
222
122
122
1) For the purposes of this standard, gamma irradiators have been divided into four distinct categories. 2) Source-device combination may be tested. 3) Category I = Self-Contained-Dry Source Storage, Category II = Panoramic-Dry Source Storage,
Category III = Self-Contained-Wet Source Storage, and Category IV = Panoramic-Wet Source Storage.
76 R&C2007v1.0
Alpha Decay Nuclide Data
Alpha Decay Nuclide Data
Nuclide Decay Mode
Alpha Energies (keV)
Branching Ratios (%) Reference Half-Life Half-Life, Days
Am-241 a 5443, 5486 12.8, 85.2 IAEA 432.17 ± 0.66 years 157850
Am-243 a 5234, 5277 11, 88 IAEA (2.690 ± 0.008) E + 06 days 2690000
Cf-242 a 6076, 6118 15.2, 81.6 TRI 2.645 ± 0.008 years 966.1
Cf-249 a 5812 84.4 TRI 350.6 ± 2.1 years 128057
Cf-250 a 5989, 6031 15.1, 84.5 TRI 13.08 ± 0.09 years 4777.5
Cf-251 a 5677, 5851 35, 27 TRI 898 ± 44 years 327995
Cm-242 a 6070, 6113 25.0, 74.0 NCRP 162.8 ± 0.4 days 162.8
Cm-243 a 5742, 5786 10.57, 73.3 TRI 28.5 ± 0.2 years 10409.6
Cm-244 a 5763, 5805 23.6, 76.4 TRI 18.11 ± 0.02 years 6614.7
Gd-148 a 3183 100 TRI 75 ± 3 years 27393
Np-237 a 4772, 4788 25, 47 TRI (2.140 ± 0.010) E + 06 years 7.816 E+08
Po-208 a 5116 100 TRI 2.898 ± 0.002 years 1058
Po-209 a 4880 99.17 TRI 102 ± 5 years 37256
Po-210 a 5304 100 NCRP 138.376 ± 0.002 days 138.376
Pu-236 a 5721, 5768 31.7, 68.1 TRI 2.851 ± 0.008 years 1041.3
Pu-238 a 5456, 5499 28.3, 71.6 NCRP 87.74 ± 0.04 years 32047
Pu-239 a 5143, 5156 15.1, 73.2 TRI (2.411 ± 0.003) E + 04 years 8.806 E+06
Pu-240 a 5134, 5168 26.39, 73.5 NCRP 6564 ± 11 years 2397501
Pu-242 a 4856, 4901 22.4, 78 NCRP (3.763 ± 0.020) E + 05 years 1.373 E+08
Ra-226 a 4601, 4784 5.55, 94.45 NCRP 1600 ± 7 years 584400
Th-228 a 5341, 5423 26.7, 72.7 IAEA 698.2 ± 0.6 days 698.2
Th-229 a 4845, 4901 56.2, 10.20 Tec261 7340 ± 160 years 2.68 E+06
Th-230 a 4621, 4688 23.4, 76.3 TRI (7.54 ± 0.03) E + 04 years 2.75 E+07
Th-232 a 3952, 4010 23 , 77 NCRP (1.405 ± 0.006) E + 10 years 5.132 E+12
U-232 a 5264, 5320 31.2, 68.6 TRI 68.9 ± 1.0 years 25166
U-233 a 4783, 4825 13.2, 84.4 TRI (1.592 ± 0.020) E + 05 years 5.815 E+07
U-234 a 4724, 4776 27.5, 72.5 TRI (2.454 ± 0.006) E + 05 years 8.963 E+07
U-235 a 4364, 4395 11, 55 TRI (7.037 ± 0.011) E + 08 years 2.570 E+11
U-236 a 4445, 4494 26, 74 TRI (2.342 ± 0.003) E + 07 years 8.554 E+09
U-238 a 4147, 4196 23, 77 TRI (4.468 ± 0.005) E + 09 years 1.632 E+12
All alpha energies and branching ratios are taken from The Table of Radioactive Isotopes, Shirley, Viginia S., Editor, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1986. Half-lives are taken from quoted reference.
77 R&C2007v1.0
Beta Decay Nuclide Data
Beta Decay Nuclide Data
Nuclide Decay Mode
Beta Maximum Energies (keV)
Branching Ratios (%) Reference Half-Life Half-Life, Days
Bi-210 b- 1162 100 NCRP 5.013 ± 0.005 days 5.013
C-14 b- 156.5 100 NCRP 5730 ± 40 years 2.093 E+06
Ca-41 EC — — TRI (1.03 ± 0.04) E + 05 years 3.762 E+07
Ca-45 b- 256.7 100 NCRP 163 ± 1 days 163
Cd-109 EC — — IAEA 462.6 ± 0.7 days 462.6
Cl-36 b- 709.3 98.1 NCRP (3.01 ± 0.02) E + 05 years 1.099 E+08
Co-57 EC — — IAEA 271.79 ± 0.09 days 271.79
Co-60 b- 317.9* 100 IAEA 5.272 ± 0.001 years 1925.5
Cs-137 b- 511.5, 1173.2* 94.43, 5.53 IAEA 30.17 ± 0.16 years 11020
Ge-68/Ga-68 b+ — — NCRP 270.8 ± 0.3 days 270.8
H-3 b- 18.6 100 NCRP 12.35 ± 0.01 years 4511
I-125 EC — — IAEA 59.43 ± 0.06 days 59.43
I-129 b- 153 100 NCRP (1.57 ± 0.04) E + 07 years 5.734 E+09
Na-22 b+ 545.5* 89.84 IAEA 950.8 ± 0.9 days 950.8
Ni-63 b- 65.88 100 NCRP 96 ± 4 years 35064
Np-238 b- 1248 100 TRI 2.117 ± 0.002 days 2.117
P-32 b- 1710 100 NCRP 14.29 ± 0.02 days 14.29
Pb-210 b- 16.5, 63.0 82, 18 NCRP 22.3 ± 0.2 years 8145.1
Pm-147 b- 224.7 99.99 NCRP 2.6234 ± 0.0002 years 958.2
Pu-241 b- 20.82 100 NCRP 14.4 ± 0.2 years 5259.6
Ra-228 b- — — TRI 5.75 ± 0.03 years 2100
S-35 b- 166.7 100 NCRP 87.44 ± 0.07 days 87.44
Si-32 b- 226.8 100 NCRP 104 ± 13 years 37986
Sm-145 EC — — TRI 340 ± 3 days 340
Sm-151 b- 421 100 TRI 90 ± 6 years 32872
Sn-119m IT — — NCRP 293.0 ± 1.3 days 293
Sr-89 b- 1492* 100 ARI vol 49 50.5 ± 0.1 days 50.5
Sr-90 b- 546.2 100 NCRP 28.5 ± 0.2 years 10410
Tc-99 b- 294 100 TRI (2.13 ± 0.05) E + 05 years 7.780 E+07
Te-125m IT — — NCRP 57.40 ± 0.05 days 57.4
Tl-204 b- 763 97.45 TRI 3.78 ± 0.02 years 1380.6
U-237 b- 252 100 TRI 6.75 ± 1 days 6.75
Y-90 b- 2283 99.98 NCRP 64.0 ± 0.1 hours 2.667
* From NCRP Report No. 58.
78 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma Ray Nuclide Data
Gamma Ray Decay Nuclide Data
Nuclide Decay Mode
Gamma Energies (keV) Branching Ratios Reference Half-Life Half-Life, Days
Al-26 b+ 1809 0.9976 gammas per decay NCRP (7.2 ± 0.3) E + 05 years 262980000
Ag-108m EC 614.3, 722.9 0.898, 0.908 gammas per decay NCRP 127 ± 21 years 46386.75
Ag-110m b- 657.8, 884.7 0.9438, 0.726 gammas per decay NCRP 249.8 ± 0.1 days 249.8
Am-241 a 59.5 0.360 gammas per decay IAEA 432.17 ± 0.66 years 157850
Am-243 a 74.7 0.674 gammas per decay I — —
Au-195 EC 98.9 0.109 gammas per decay NCRP 183 ± 2 days 183
Au-198 b- 411.8 0.9557 gammas per decay IAEA 2.6943 ± 0.0008 days 2.6943
Ba-133 EC 302.9, 356.0 0.1830, 0.6194 gammas per decay IAEA 3862 ± 15 days 3862
Be-7 EC 477.6 0.1032 gammas per decay NCRP 53.284 ± 0.004 days 53.284
Bi-207 EC 569.7, 1064 0.9774, 0.745 gammas per decay IAEA (1.16 ± 0.07) E + 04 days 11600
I-131 b- 364.5, 637.0 0.812, 0.0727 gammas per decay NCRP 8.021 ± 0.001 days 8.021
Cd-109 EC 88.0 0.0363 gammas per decay IAEA 462.6 ± 0.7 days 462.6
Ce-139 EC 165.9 0.7987 gammas per decay IAEA 137.640 ± 0.023 days 137.64
Ce-141 b- 145.4 0.4844 gammas per decay NCRP 32.50 ± 0.01 days 32.5
Ce-144 b- 133.5 0.1109 gammas per decay NCRP 285.0 ± 0.1 days 285
Co-56 EC 846.8, 1238 0.9993, 0.6607 gammas per decay IAEA 77.31 ± 0.19 days 77.31
Co-57 EC 122.1, 136.5 0.8560, 0.1068 gammas per decay IAEA 271.79 ± 0.09 days 271.79
Co-58 b+ 810.8 0.9945 gammas per decay IAEA 70.86 ± 0.07 days 70.86
Co-60 b- 1173, 1333 0.9986, 0.9998 gammas per decay IAEA 5.272 ± 0.001 years 1925.5
Cr-51 EC 320.1 0.0986 gammas per decay IAEA 27.706 ± 0.007 days 27.706
Cs-134 b- 604.7 0.9763 gammas per decay IAEA 754.28 ± 0.22 days 754.28
Cs-137 b- 661.7 0.851 gammas per decay IAEA 30.17 ± 0.16 years 11020
Eu-152 e 344.3 0.2657 gammas per decay IAEA 4933 ± 11 days 4933
Eu-154 b- 723.3, 1274 0.202, 0.350 gammas per decay IAEA 3136.8 ± 2.9 days 3136.8
Eu-155 b- 86.5, 105.3 0.311, 0.214 gammas per decay IAEA 1770 ± 50 days 1770
Fe-55 EC 5.9 - 6.5 (Mn x-rays) 0.283 photons per decay IAEA 999 ± 8 days 999
Fe-59 b- 1099, 1292 0.563, 0.437 gammas per decay NCRP 44.51 ± 0.02 days 44.51
Gd-153 EC 97.4, 103.2 0.295, 0.211 gammas per decay NCRP 242 ± 1 days 242
Ge-68/Ga-68 EC 1077 0.0324 gammas per decay NCRP 270.8 ± 0.3 days 270.8
Hf-172 EC 125.9 0.113 gammas per decay TRI 1.87 ± 0.03 years 683.0175
Hg-203 b- 279.2 0.8148 gammas per decay IAEA 46.595 ± 0.013 days 46.595
Ho-166m b- 184.4, 810.3 0.721, 0.577 gammas per decay NCRP 1200 ± 180 years 438300
I-125 EC 35.5 only 0.0658 gammas per decay IAEA 59.43 ± 0.06 days 59.43
I-129 b- 39.6 only 0.075 gammas per decay NCRP (1.57 ± 0.04) E + 07 years 5734425000
Ir-192 b- 316.5 0.8286 gammas per decay NCRP 73.83 ± 0.01 days 73.83
79 R&C2007v1.0
Gamma Ray Decay Nuclide Data
Nuclide Decay Mode
Gamma Energies (keV) Branching Ratios Reference Half-Life Half-Life, Days
K-40 b-, EC 1461 0.1067 gammas per decay TRI (1.277 ± 0.008)E+09 years 4.66424E+11
Kr-85 b- 514.0 0.00434 gammas per decay NCRP 10.72 ± 0.01 years 3915.48
Mn-54 EC 834.8 0.9998 gammas per decay IAEA 312.3 ± 0.4 days 312.3
Na-22 b+ 1275 0.9994 gammas per decay IAEA 950.8 ± 0.9 days 950.8
Nb-95 b- 765.8 0.9981 gammas per decay IAEA 34.975 ± 0.007 days 34.975
Np-237 a 312.0 (from Pa-233) 0.386 gammas per decay TRI (2.14 ± 0.01)E+06 yrs 781635000
Np-238 b- 984.5, 1029 0.278, 0.203 gammas per decay TRI 2.117 ± 0.002 days 2.117
Np-239 b- 106.1, 277.6 0.267, 0.143 gammas per decay IAEA 2.350 ± 0.004 days 2.35
Pa-233 b- 312.0 0.386 gammas per decay TRI 27.0 ± 0.1 days 27
Pb-210 b- 46.5 0.0418 gammas per decay NCRP 22.3 ± 0.2 years 8145.075
Ra-226 a 186.0 0.0351 gammas per decay NCRP 1600 ± 7 years 584400
Ra-228 b- 338.4, 911.1 (from Ac-228) 0.113, 0.266 gammas per decay TRI 5.75 ± 0.03 years 2100
Rh-101 EC 127.2, 198.0 0.73, 0.708 gammas per decay TRI 3.3 ± 0.3 years 1205.325
Ru-103 b- 497.1, 610.3 0.91, 0.0576 gammas per decay NCRP 39.26 ± 0.02 days 39.26
Ru-106/Rh-106 b- 511.9, 621.9 0.207, 0.098 gamma per decay TRI 1.020 ± 0.003 years 372.555
Sb-124 b- 602.7 0.9792 gammas per decay NCRP 60.20 ± 0.03 days 60.2
Sb-125 b- 427.9 0.297 gammas per decay IAEA 1007.7 ± 0.6 days 1007.7
Sc-46 b- 889.3, 11201 0.9998, 0.9999 gammas per decay IAEA 83.79 ± 0.04 days 83.79
Se-75 EC 136.0, 279.5 0.588, 0.250 gammas per decay IAEA 119.64 ± 0.24 days 119.64
Sn-113 EC 391.7 0.649 gammas per decay IAEA 115.09 ± 0.04 days 115.09
Sr-85 EC 514.0 0.984 gammas per decay IAEA 64.849 ± 0.004 days 64.849
Sr-89 b- 909.1 0.009555 gammas per decay ARI vol 49 50.5 ± 0.1 days 50.5
Ta-182 b- 1121, 1221 0.350, 0.272 gammas per decay NCRP 114.43 ± 0.04 days 114.43
Tc-95m EC 582.1 0.314 gammas per decay TRI 61 ± 2 days 61
Te-123m b- 159.0 0.840 gammas per decay TRI 119.7 ± 0.1 days 119.7
Th-228 a 583.2 (from Tl-208) 0.306 gammas per decay IAEA 698.2 ± 0.6 days 698.2
Th-229 a 193.5 0.0441 gammas per decay Tec261 7340 ± 160 years 2.68E+06
Th-232 a 59.0 0.0019 gammas per decay NCRP (1.405 ± 0.006)E+10 yrs 5.13176E+12
Ti-44 EC 78.4 0.947 gammas per decay NCRP 47.3 ± 1.2 years 17276.325
Tm-170 b- 84.3 0.0326 gammas per decay NCRP 128.6 ± 0.3 days 128.6
Xe-127 EC 202.9 0.683 gammas per decay NCRP 36.4 ± 0.1 days 36.4
Xe-133 b- 81 0.371 gammas per decay NCRP 5.243 ± 0.001 days 5.243
Y-88 EC 898.0, 1836 0.940, 0.9936 gammas per decay IAEA 106.630 ± 0.025 days 106.63
Yb-169 EC 63.1, 198.0 0.437, 0.3494 gammas per decay NCRP 32.03 ± 0.01 days 32.03
Zn-65 EC 1116 0.5060 gammas per decay IAEA 244.26 ± 0.26 days 244.26
Zr-95 b- 724.2, 756.7 0.441, 0.545 gammas per decay TRI 64.02 ± 0.04 days 64.02
80 R&C2007v1.0
Packing and Shipping Containers
Packaging and shipment of radioactive materials at EZIP adhere to the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation (49 CFR), The International Civil Aviation Organization Technical Instructions on the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (ICAO TI), and trade association guidelines such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
EZIP uses two types of packaging to ship radioactive materials: excepted packaging and type A packaging.
Type A packaging is used to carry normal form radioactive material as defined by the A2 values of 49 CFR 173.435 (1998) and IATA 10.4.2.3 (2001) and encapsulated radioactive material that has been issued an IAEA certificate of Competent Authority Special Form Radioactive Material Encapsulation Certificate by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
In the Standard Type A configuration, sources are sealed in an inner container and centered in a fiberboard box. Sources requiring heavy shielding are shipped in a lead shield centered in a fiberboard box.
Excepted Packaging (Limited Quantity) is used when the activity limits do not exceed those defined in 49 CFR 173.425 (1998) and IATA regulations table 10.5.A (2001) and the radiation level at any point on the package does not exceed 0.5 millirem per hour. All boxes shipped from EZIP as “excepted packages” meet the requirements of 49 CFR 173.421(1998) and IATA regulation 10.5.9.4(2001).
Radiation levels on the external surfaces of all packages and at a distance of one meter from all external surfaces (Transport Index), will not exceed the limits set in 49 CFR 173.441(1998) or IATA 10.5.16 (2001). All measurements are made with an Eberline RO2 or equivalent ion chamber survey instrument.
Unless special arrangements are made with the customer in advance, radiation levels at the surface of any shielded inner containers will not exceed 200 millirem per hour as measured with an Eberline RO2 or equivalent ion chamber survey instrument.
81 R&C2007v1.0
1. DEFINITIONS. A. The word “goods” as used herein means products offered or acknowledged in this catalog, ordered by Buyer and furnished by Seller. B. The word “services” means testing and other services offered or acknowledged in this catalog, ordered by Buyer and provided by Seller.
2. GENERAL. The terms and conditions set forth herein shall exclusively govern the sale of goods by Seller to Buyer and the furnishing of services by Seller to Buyer. Acceptance of this offer or of the goods or services furnished under quotations or acknowledgements is expressly limited to the terms and conditions contained herein. Any terms and conditions stated by Buyer in any purchase order or other document accepting or ordering such goods or services containing statements, clauses, terms or conditions modifying, adding to, repugnant to, or inconsistent with the terms and conditions of Seller herein contained, may only be deemed accepted by Seller if so stated in writing by a duly authorized signatory of Seller. Buyer further expressly agrees that such terms accepted by Seller are accepted only upon the condition and with the express understanding that, notwithstanding any statements, clauses, terms or conditions contained on any forms of Buyer, the liabilities of Seller shall be determined solely by the terms and conditions stated herein. Acceptance by Buyer of any goods offered for sale or services performed by Seller is expressly limited to the terms and conditions contained herein, and acceptance of said terms shall be deemed to be acceptance of the Buyer’s performance inconsistent with any term or condition herein shall constitute a waiver as to said term or condition only.
3. PRICES. All prices quoted are in U.S. dollars, F.O.B. Burbank, California and/or Valencia, California. Quoted prices do not include charges for shipping, handling, insurance and hazardous materials documentation. State, use, consumption, compensating and excise taxes and retailers occupations taxes payable or collectable by Seller in connection with its sales shall be in addition to invoice prices and are not listed on the invoice unless specifically noted. Buyer will reimburse Seller for same at the time of payment of the invoice, whether or not such taxes are separately stated on the invoice. If Buyer claims exemption from any of these taxes, Buyer shall promptly furnish satisfactory proof of such exemption and shall indemnify Seller for any loss or damage, including attorneys’ fees, Seller may incur in the event any taxing authority finds that Seller should have collected tax.
4. DELIVERY. All delivery dates are estimated as accurately as possible; however, Seller shall not be liable for any loss, damage or delay caused or occasioned by acts of God, fire, strikes, insurrection, riot, accident, embargo, delay of carrier, act of civil or military authority, failure of a supplier to make timely delivery, the requirements of any statute, order or directive of any governmental authority, or, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, by any other cause which is unavoidable or beyond Seller’s reasonable control. If delays from any such cause occur, the delivery time is correspondingly extended.
5. TITLE AND RISK OF LOSS. Title to and risk of loss of goods shall pass to the Buyer upon delivery to carrier even if transportation costs are prepaid by the Seller.
6. PAYMENT TERMS. Payment shall be due 30 days from date of invoice. If Buyer requests Seller to hold goods for delivery later than scheduled, the invoice shall bear the scheduled delivery date and payment shall be due 30 days from the scheduled delivery date. Buyer bears all risk of loss or damage while such goods are in Seller’s possession and shall pay all reasonable charges for goods held for more than two months and shall reimburse Seller for all use or personal property taxes levied on held goods at any time while in Seller’s possession. Seller shall have the right to modify, change or withdraw credit at any time and without notice. If in the Seller’s judgment the financial responsibility of Buyer becomes impaired or unsatisfactory or if Buyer defaults under any contract with Seller, Seller may demand and Buyer shall give advance cash payment or satisfactory security and Seller may withhold shipments until such payment or security is received. Buyer expressly waives any right of set-off and shall make no deductions from payments due hereunder or for any damages of any type claimed by Buyer against Seller.
7. LIMITED WARRANTY. Seller warrants that at the time of shipment the products sold by it are free from defects in material and workmanship and conform to specifications, which accompany the product. Seller makes no other warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the products, including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Complaints of breach of warranty on radioactive products must be received in writing by Seller within two half-lives of the radioactive material or 30 days, whichever first occurs. The maximum liability for any breach of warranty shall be replacement of the product or refund of the invoice price of the product. Seller shall in no case be liable for special, incidental or consequential damages of any kind.
8. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION. SELLER ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND. Buyer by acceptance of the goods or services assumes all liability for, and shall indemnify and hold Seller harmless against, the consequence of use or misuse by Buyer, its employees or others. Further, Buyer agrees to defend any and all suits, claims and demands brought against Seller and agrees to and will indemnify Seller and save it harmless from and against any and all suits, claims and demands whatsoever for injuries to or death of any person, or damage to or loss of property alleged out of, in connection with or to be incidental to Seller’s furnishing of goods or services contemplated herein, whether or not such injury, death, loss or damage shall be caused or contributed to by the joint or concurring negligence of Seller. Buyer further agrees to and will pay, liquidate, discharge and satisfy any and all judgements, awards or expenses which may be rendered against or incurred by Seller on account of injuries to or death of any person or loss or damage to any property whatsoever, caused by, arising out of, in connection with or incidental to Seller’s furnishing of the goods or services contemplated herein, including but not limited to all costs of suit, attorneys’ fees and expenses in connection therewith, whether or not such judgement, award or expense is rendered against or incurred by Seller, in whole or in part, because of the joint or concurring negligence of the Seller. As used in this paragraph, the word “Seller” shall include Seller, its officers, directors, employees and agents. Buyer’s care, custody and control at any time of the goods contemplated herein shall give rise to a conclusive presumption between the parties that any negligence was joint or concurring. This paragraph, in its entirety, also applies to suits, claims and demands based on the rules of strict liability and product liability.
9. CHANGES AND GOODS MADE TO BUYER’S SPECIFICATIONS. Seller reserves the right where possible to make any change in material or in its design which is an improvement but bears no obligation to do so. If goods are made to specifications of Buyer, it is upon the express condition that Buyer shall assume all responsibility and shall indemnify and hold the Seller harmless if the goods infringe or contribute to the infringement of, or are alleged to infringe or contribute to the infringement of any letters, patent, copyright or trademark where such infringement arose out of the designs, drawings or specifications supplied by Buyer alone or in combination with elements supplied by Seller.
10. SELLER INSPECTION AND TESTING. The goods are inspected and, where practicable, submitted to Seller’s standard tests at Seller’s plant before delivery. Buyer agrees to pay Seller reasonable additional charges for any additional tests which Buyer requires Seller to perform.
11. BUYER INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE. Within 30 days after tender of delivery to or receipt by Buyer of any shipment, Buyer shall inform Seller in writing if the goods are found defective or short in any respect. Failure to so inform Seller or any use by Buyer of the goods shall constitute conclusive evidence that Seller satisfactorily performed and Buyer waives any right to reject such goods thereafter.
12. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. Buyer agrees that in the performance hereof it will comply with all applicable laws, statutes, rules, regulations or orders of the National government or political subdivision thereof and same shall be deemed incorporated by reference herein. A. In the United States: Federal and State regulations require a copy of a Buyer’s NRC license, Agreement State License, or Licensing State License together with all amendments, to be on file with Seller before any shipment of radioactive materials can be made. Buyer and Seller each warrant that it is an equal opportunity employer and that if this order is placed as a contract or subcontract under United States Government prime contract, those clauses required by federal law to be included are herein incorporated by reference. B. In Canada: A copy of the Buyer’s AECB license, together with all amendments must be on file with Seller prior to any shipment of radioactive materials.
13. LIMITATION PERIOD. Causes of action for breach of contract relative to any order for goods or services shall not be asserted after one year from the date that said cause of action occurs, provided that this limitation shall not apply to actions by Seller to recover purchase price of the goods.
14. CANCELLATION. The contract arising out of Buyer’s order cannot be canceled, transferred to others, or changed after receipt by Seller, except as may mutually be agreed in writing between the parties.
15. APPLICABLE LAW. Seller reserves any and all rights and remedies provided by law. The contract arising out of Buyer’s order shall be interpreted and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California.
16. WAIVERS. No waiver by Seller of any breach of any provision hereof shall constitute a waiver of any other breach of such provision. Seller’s failure to object to provisions contained in any communications from Buyer shall not be deemed an acceptance of such provisions or as a waiver of the provisions hereof.
17. NO OTHER REPRESENTATIONS. There are no understandings, agreements, representations or warranties, either written or oral, relative to the goods or services that are not fully expressed in this document. No statement, recommendation or assistance made or offered through its representatives or by any sales literature in connection with the use of any goods, shall be or constitute a waiver by Seller or any of the provisions hereof. The provisions of this document supersede and cancel any previous understanding or agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and this document expresses the final and complete understanding of the parties.
18. ARBITRATION. All disputes arising out of this contract shall be determined by binding arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. In such arbitration, the prevailing party shall be awarded attorneys’ fees and costs (including costs of experts) and the provisions of California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1283.05 shall apply.
Terms and Conditions