Post on 20-Mar-2020
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Computer Networks Group - UPV
http://www.grc.upv.es/
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
111 September 2008
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Group structure
�UPV � DISCA � GRC
�Created in 2000
�The group members are:�5 associate professors
�2 assistant professors
�3 lecturers
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
�3 lecturers
�9 PhD students� 3 full-time (with some sort of
funding)
� 3 almost full-time
� 3 part-time
�4 Master students
2
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Collaborations
�UPV� Fault Tolerance Group (DISCA)
� Department of Applied Mathematics
� Technology Institute of Valencia (ITI)
�Spanish Universities� University of Murcia
� University of Malaga
� University of Castilla La Mancha
� University Jaume I
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
3
�Thematic network on “Codification and Transmission of Contents Multimedia”; 14 Spanish universities are part of this network
� Industry� Applus+ IDIADA (IDIADA, http://www.idiada.es/) , Barcelona.
� Grupo Tecnológico e Industrial (GMV, http://www.gmv.es/), Madrid.
� Métodos y Tecnología (MTP, http://www.mtp.es/), Madrid
� QIS, Valencia
� GEDSA , Valencia
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Area of interest
�The design, the implementation and the evaluation of
algorithms and protocols for “mobile ad hoc networks”
MANETs�Security
�QoS
�Management & configuration
�Power control
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
4
�Objectives:� to offer the required network services to “context-aware”
applications.
� FP7: Ambient Intelligence.
� to offer connection to Internet in contexts where the wiring is either impossible or excessively expensive.
� FP7: Next Generation Internet: available everywhere, on more
platforms.
� roads � VANETs
� rural areas � rural communications
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Work methodology
ns-2 http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/
CASTADIVA
mozart
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
5
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
CASTADIVA
�A MANETs emulator
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
http://castadiva.sourceforge.net/6
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
CASTADIVA: InterfaceG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
7
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
CASTADIVA: Random scenarios generatorG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
8
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
CASTADIVA: future
�Ease installation and scaling
�Better physical layer simulation
�Modularization�Security attacks injection
�Mobility models
�Routing protocols
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
�Routing protocols
�Multiple technology integration�UMTS
�WiFi
�WiMAX
9
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Developments
�Mesh networks
� Toc2: captive portal that allows users
classification � Dulendue
� Ruralnet
� Maya: APs firmware for the
management of mesh networks
�Pervasive computing
� Ubiqmuseum; Bluemall; Bluefriend;
BlueHospital
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
BlueHospital
�VANETs
� OBU prototype
� Mobility models
�MANETs configuration� EasyMANET, VisualDNS
10
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Toc2
�Network access control through web tools.
Servidor
Principal Base de
Datos
Red Ethernet
PHP
SQL
Linux Shell Script
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
AP AP AP
ClientesClientesClientes
HTML
CSS
XML
XSL
Javascript
DHTML
11
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Toc2 applications
�Dulenduè:
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
12
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
RuralNet
�Based on Toc2:
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
13
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
MAYAG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
14
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Proyecto MozambiqueG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
15
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
UBIQMUSEUM
Central Data Server
Ethernet based Network
Architecture
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
16
MIP(Venus)
MIP(Meninas)
MIP(Monalisa)
ClientClientClient
Client
Client
Bluetoothbased Network
PDA’s client main screen
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
UBIQMUSEUM: User Profile ConfigurationG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
17
— Before connecting to the MIP the user has to configure the profile: (Profile screen)
— Type of device, educational level, Language of preference
— Then � Accept, Found Services and connect to them to get the information …
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
UBIQMUSEUM: Searching for services
• Now the client …— Inquiry to find any MIP
— SDP to search for services
— Select a specific service to
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
18
— Select a specific service to connect to
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
UBIQMUSEUM: Getting the information
• The client receives info — According to its profile
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
19
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
BlueFriend
�Bluefriend, an application for mobile devices that takes
advantage of Bluetooth functionalities to create mobile
social networks.
�It runs on PDA and mobile phones equipped with a
Bluetooth adapter.
�Bluefriend periodically scans the environment in search for
other members of the Bluefriend community; when found,
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
other members of the Bluefriend community; when found,
``virtual personal cards'' (VPCs) are exchanged with
information about: user preferences, likes/dislikes, etc. to
assess the degree of matching among found users. �High degrees of matching result in the exchange of personal
information and contact details so that connected users are aware of how to reach each other in a future.
20
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
BlueFriend: creating a profileG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
21
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
BlueFriend: scanningG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
22
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
BlueMall
�Advertising system based on Bluetooth.
�Bluetooth terminals receive data with advertising content
(mainly) sent from various access points.
�These contents are controlled in a centralized manner.
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
23
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
BlueMall: components general schemeG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
24
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
QUOVADIS: overall architectureG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
25
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
QUOVADIS: Nodes architecture
HSDPA Modem
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
GPS
SystemAsus WL-500G P
with OpenWrt OSQuovadis Program
26
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
QUOVADIS: Control Unit interfaceG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
27
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
EasyMANET: MANET-autoconf
802.11Bluetooth
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
28
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
EasyMANET: VisualDNSG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
29
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
EasyMANET: ejecution exampleG
RU
PO
DE
RE
DE
S D
E C
OM
PU
TA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
30
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
On-going research
�Security�Defence against passive attacks
�Defence against active attacks
�VANETs�Modeling
�Alert propagation
�Seamless handoff
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
�Seamless handoff
�Video with QoS�DACME
�DACME-DV
�Mesh management�MAYA 2.0
31
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
MANETs attacks classification
Attacks on routing
Active attacks Passive attacks
Packet silent Routing Routing Flood network
SECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
32
discardRouting information hiding
procedureFlood network
False reply Wormhole attacks
Route request
Route broken message
False distance vector
False destination sequence
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Possible anonymity attacks
5.5.5.65.5.5.16
5.5.5.11
5.5.5.23410.10.10.3
� Correlate nodes’
identities and their
locations
� Visualize ad hoc
routes
� Visualize mobile
nodes’ motion
patterns
SECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
33
5.5.5.78
5.5.5.82
5.5.5.147
5.5.5.153
5.5.5.69
5.5.5.9
5.5.5.211
5.5.5.18
5.5.5.3
10.10.10.4
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Possible anonymity attacks
5.5.5.65.5.5.16
5.5.5.11
5.5.5.23410.10.10.3
� Correlate nodes’
identities and their
locations
� Visualize ad hoc
routes
� Visualize mobile
nodes’ motion
patterns
� Disrupt ad hoc
communications
SECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
34
5.5.5.78
5.5.5.82
5.5.5.147
5.5.5.153
5.5.5.69
5.5.5.9
5.5.5.211
5.5.5.18
5.5.5.3
10.10.10.4
communications
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Solution being evaluated
5.5.5.65.5.5.16
5.5.5.11
5.5.5.23410.10.10.3
1. Adopt a proactive
routing protocol
2. Spread the traffic
among all the nodes
uniformly
3. Use multiple paths
for the same data
flow
Q. How to measure and
compare the
D
SECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
35
5.5.5.78
5.5.5.82
5.5.5.147
5.5.5.153
5.5.5.69
5.5.5.9
5.5.5.211
5.5.5.18
5.5.5.3
10.10.10.4
compare the
performance the new
solution
S
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
CASTADIVACASTADIVACASTADIVACASTADIVA
(Ad-hoc network simulator)
Devices Devices Devices Devices
SimulationSimulationSimulationSimulation
controllercontrollercontrollercontrollerJADE (MultiJADE (MultiJADE (MultiJADE (Multi----
Agent Platform)Agent Platform)Agent Platform)Agent Platform)
PIEAgent
PDPAgent
Active attacks detection: frameworkSECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
SEFORASEFORASEFORASEFORA
(Attack injection)
Devices Devices Devices Devices
(ad(ad(ad(ad----hoc nodes)hoc nodes)hoc nodes)hoc nodes)
routersroutersroutersrouters
laptopslaptopslaptopslaptops
PEPAgent
1
PEPAgent
2 36
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
Active attacks detection:SECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
User AUser AUser AUser A User BUser BUser BUser B
37
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Active attacks detection: Stealth attack launch
EKIGAEKIGA
EKIGA
SECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Malicioususer
OLSROLSROLSROLSROLSROLSROLSROLSR
User A User B
38
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Active attacks detection: Stealth attack launchSECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
The malicious user gets control over Ekiga The malicious user gets control over Ekiga The malicious user gets control over Ekiga The malicious user gets control over Ekiga
communications between users A and B communications between users A and B communications between users A and B communications between users A and B
User AUser AUser AUser A User BUser BUser BUser B
EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
39
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
User AUser AUser AUser A User BUser BUser BUser B
Active attacks detection: Blackhole attack launchSECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
40
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Step 4 - Attack detection
User A User B
Blackhole detected !!
SECURITY
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
EKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
Watchdog
41
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Modeling: The CityMob tool
�We designed a mobility pattern generator, called CityMob.
The tool allows to modify the following parameters:� The model used
� The number of nodes
� The time simulated
� The maximum speed of the nodes
� The size of the area
� The distance between the streets
VANETS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
� The distance between the streets
� The number of damaged nodes
� The size and position of the Downtown (only in DM)
� The probability that a node is in Downtown (only in DM)
42
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Modeling: Example of the Downtown model
• Models random direction
changes
• Simulates semaphores at
random positions (not
only in crossing), and with
different delays
VANETS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
43
• Adds traffic density.
Vehicles must move more
slowly than in the
outskirts
• User can change the
probability of a node
being located inside the
downtown area
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Modeling:RPMs
�Realistic Radio Propagation Models
(RPMs) �Distance Attenuation Model (DAM)
�Building Model (BM)
�Building and Distance Attenuation Model(BDAM)
VANETS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
44
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
An alert propagation protocol
First and very basic proposal
VANETS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
45
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Seamless Handoff
A seamless handoff is defined as a
handoff scheme that maintains the
connectivity of all applications on
the mobile device when the handoff
occurs.
VANETS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
46
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Seamless Handoff
�Two goals: low latencies and few packet losses
�Related Work�Network Layer Approaches
� MIPv4, IPv6
�Upper Layer Approaches
� End-to-End Approaches (e.g. Dynamic DNS)
� New Session Layer Protocols (e.g. MSOCKS)
� Transport Layer Protocols (e.g. TCP-MH and SCTP)
VANETS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
� Transport Layer Protocols (e.g. TCP-MH and SCTP)
� Middleware Approach (e.g. USHA)
47
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
DACME architecture
�The proposal involves and
integrates three elements� Transport layer and middleware
�Distributed Admission
Control for Manets
Environments
(DACME)
IP
Mpaths-DSR
DACME
TCP/UDP
VIDEO WITH QOS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
(DACME)�Routing layer
�Multiple paths as an
extension of a standard
protocol (MDSR)�MAC layer
�IEEE 802.11e
48
IEEE802.11e
IEEE802.11g
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
The IEEE 802.11e (WMM)
IEEE 802.11e MAC parameters for an IEEE 802.11a/g radio
Acess category Designation AIFSN TXOPLimit (ms)
AC_BK Background 7 15 1023 0
AC_BE Best effort 3 15 1023 0
AC_VI Video 2 7 15 3.008
AC_VO Voice 2 3 7 1.504
Cwmin CWmax
VIDEO WITH QOS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
49
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
DACME architecture
1. The application registers with DACME,
indicating the source port, as well as
the destination's port and IP address
2. DACME periodically sends probes to
assess available bandwidth on the
path
3. The port state is set to up or down
according to current network
VIDEO WITH QOS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
50
according to current network
conditions
4. The packet filter module is responsible
for enforcing accept/reject decisions,
and also for changing the packet's
TOS field if accepted
� Note: In the Linux kernel this
architecture is implemented using
iptables
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
DACME-SV: Goals
�Extend DACME to support scalable video.�Pass from a single-level video output to a multi-level video
output. (see figures below)
�Decrease Idle times.
�With DACME-SV, path information is used by the source to
decide how many video layers can be transmitted over the
network without congesting it, thus guaranteeing that traffic
VIDEO WITH QOS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
network without congesting it, thus guaranteeing that traffic
will not exceed network capacity.
DACME DACME - SV
tt
51
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Maya 2.0MESH MANAGEMENT
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
�Integration with RADIUS
�Various Internet access point
�Localization
�Auto-configuration
�Pre-authentication
�Load balancingFutu
re
52
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Stand-by research
�Power efficient protocols�WiFi, Bluetooth
�Broadcast storm problem
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
53
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Energetic model
� The consumption of the wireless interface depends on the operation mode
� Rx, Tx, Idle y Sleep
IdleTx
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
54
� The reception process includes two activities
Reception of own data + overhearing� Juan Carlos Cano, Pietro Manzoni, "A
Performance Comparison of Energy Consumption for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Routing Protocols", IEEE/ACM MASCOTS 2000: Eighth International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, San Francisco (USA), August 2000.
IdleRx
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Path selection based on energetic criteria
�MDR (Minimum Drain Rate) Destino
N1
N2
N5
N4
N7
N8
Fuente
N1 +
N1 +
N1-N2 +
N1-N3 +
N1-N2-N5 +
N1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4-N6 +
N1-N3-N4-N7 +
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
55
N3N6 RREQUEST
RREPLYN1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4-N6 +
N1-N2-N5-N8: E.Cost
N1-N2-N5-N4-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N2-N5-N4-N6-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N3-N4-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N3-N4-N5-N8: E.Cost
N1 cache de rutas
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Path selection based on energetic criteria
�MDR (Minimum Drain Rate) Destino
N1
N2
N5
N4
N7
N8
Fuente
N1 +
N1 +
N1-N2 +
N1-N3 +
N1-N2-N5 +
N1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4-N6 +
N1-N3-N4-N7 +
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
56
N3N6 RREQUEST
RREPLYN1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4-N6 +
i
Battery
capacity
+
Usage rate
j
N1-N2-N5-N8: E.Cost
N1-N2-N5-N4-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N2-N5-N4-N6-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N3-N4-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N3-N4-N5-N8: E.Cost
N1 cache de rutas
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Obtained results
�Techniques are required to integrate the routing with algorithms of consumption reduction and algorithms for topology control
�This would allow the use of the Sleep mode without affecting the routing activities
30
35
40
45
50
Nú
mero
de e
sta
cio
nes o
pera
tivas
MTPR
MMBCR
MDR
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
57
the routing activities
15
20
25
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Tiempo de simulación (s)
Nú
mero
de e
sta
cio
nes o
pera
tivas
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Reducing overhearing impact
�Overhearing problem
� Totalenergy = Energytx + N * Energyrx.
(N=number of neighbours)
�Solution: disable the network interface
�� ¿When?, ¿How long?¿When?, ¿How long?
�We use the MAC protocol information
� RTS/CTS
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
58
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
Proposed solution
�Cluster-based Energy-saving Routing Algorithm (CERA)
includes:�Topology control creating a cluster based architecture
�Power control algorithm which uses clusters to:
� reduce the consumption due to the overhearing activities
� reduce the consumption due to the Idle mode
� Inter- and Intra- clusters routing Dominio
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
59
cluster A
cluster B
cluster C
a
b
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SD
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
More information…
http://www.grc.upv.es/
GR
UP
O D
E R
ED
ES
DE
CO
MP
UTA
DO
RE
SU
niv
ers
idad
Po
lité
cn
ica d
e V
ale
ncia
–D
ep
art
am
en
to d
e S
iste
mas I
nfo
rmáti
co
s y
Co
mp
uta
do
res
6011 September 2008