Post on 12-Sep-2014
description
{ Rails 3
Overview
Dashing to the Finish
A Lot Like Rails 2.3
Quick Refresher
What Hasn’t Changed?
MVC
REST
Resources
Controllers
Migrations
AR Ideas
Big User-Facing Changes
File Structure
con!g.ru
# This file is used by Rack-based # servers to start the application.require ::File.expand_path( '../config/environment', __FILE__)run Tutorial::Application
con!g/boot.rb
require 'rubygems'
# Set up gems listed in the Gemfile.gemfile = File.expand_path( '../../Gemfile', __FILE__)if File.exist?(gemfile) ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = gemfile require 'bundler' Bundler.setupend
Gem!le
source 'http://rubygems.org'
gem 'rails', '3.0.0.beta3'gem 'sqlite3-ruby'
con!g/environment.rb
# Load the rails applicationrequire File.expand_path( '../application', __FILE__)
# Initialize the rails applicationTutorial::Application.initialize!
con!g/application.rb (1)
require File.expand_path( '../boot', __FILE__)
require 'rails/all'
if defined?(Bundler) Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env)end
con!g/application.rb (2)
module Tutorial class Application < Rails::Application config.encoding = "utf-8" config.filter_parameters += [:password] endend
environments/production.rbTutorial::Application.configure do config.cache_classes = true config.consider_all_requests_local = false config.action_controller.perform_caching = true config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = "X-Sendfile" config.serve_static_assets = falseend
initializers/session_store.rb
Rails.application. config.session_store( :cookie_store, :key => '_tutorial_session' )
script/rails (1)#!/usr/bin/env ruby# This command will automatically # be run when you run "rails" with # Rails 3 gems installed from the # root of your application.
ENV_PATH = File.expand_path( '../../config/environment', __FILE__)
script/rails (2)
BOOT_PATH = File.expand_path( '../../config/boot', __FILE__)
APP_PATH = File.expand_path( '../../config/application', __FILE__)
require BOOT_PATHrequire 'rails/commands'
Recent
Even Easier to Remove Bundler
Removing Bundler
$ rm Gemfile
app/mailers
$ script/rails g mailer welcome create app/mailers/welcome.rb invoke erb create app/views/welcome invoke test_unit create test/functional/welcome_test.rb
app/layouts/application.html.erb
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <title>Tutorial</title> <%= stylesheet_link_tag :all %> <%= javascript_include_tag :defaults %> <%= csrf_meta_tag %> </head> <body> <%= yield %> </body></html>
public/javascripts/
rails.js
github.com/rails/jquery-ujs
db/seeds.rb
rake db:setup
db:createdb:schema:load
db:seed
lib/tasks/setup.rake
task :bundle do system "bundle install"end
task :setup => ["bundle", "db:setup"]
Rails Command
★ generate | g
★ console | c
★ server | s
★ dbconsole | db
★ application
★ destroy
★ benchmarker
★ profiler
★ plugin
★ runner
Block Helpers
Block Helpers (Before)
<% form_for @post do |f| %> <%= f.input_field :name %><% end %>
Block Helpers (Before)
<% box do %> <p>Hello World!</p><% end %>
Block Helpers (Before)
def box(&block) content = "<div class='box'>" << capture(&block) << "</div>" if block_called_from_erb? concat(content) else content endend
Block Helpers (After)
<%= box do %> <p>Hello World!</p><% end %>
Block Helpers (After)
def box(&block) "<div class='box'>" \ "#{capture(&block)}" \ "</div>"end
Block Helpers (After)
def box(&block) "<div class='box'>" \ "#{capture(&block)}" \ "</div>".html_safeend
Recent
Tons of Fixes to XSS Safe
Lots of XSS-Related
Changes to Your App...
You’re Doing it Wrong
Router
Note: Signi!cant
Changes Ahead
Also Note: Old Mapper
Still Available
Matching
map.connect "posts", :controller => :posts, :action => :index
Matching
map.connect "posts", :controller => :posts, :action => :index
match "posts" => "posts#index"
Optional Segments
match "/posts(/page)" => "posts#index"
Optional Dynamic Segments
match "/posts(/:id)" => "posts#index"
Default Parameters
match "/posts(/:id)" => "posts#index", :defaults => {:id => 1}
Default Parameters
match "/posts(/:id)" => "posts#index", :id => 1
Named Routes
match "/posts(/:id)" => "posts#index", :id => 1, :as => "posts"
The Root
root :to => "posts#index"
Scopes
Path Scope
match "/admin/posts" => "posts#index"match "/admin/users" => "users#index"
Path Scope
match "/admin/posts" => "posts#index"match "/admin/users" => "users#index"
scope :path => "admin" do match "/posts" => "posts#index" match "/users" => "users#index"end
Path Scope
match "/admin/posts" => "posts#index"match "/admin/users" => "users#index"
scope "admin" do match "/posts" => "posts#index" match "/users" => "users#index"end
Module Scope
match "/posts" => "admin/posts#index"match "/users" => "admin/users#index"
Module Scope
match "/posts" => "admin/posts#index"match "/users" => "admin/users#index"
scope :module => "admin" do match "/posts" => "posts#index" match "/users" => "users#index"end
Both
match "admin/posts" => "admin/posts#index"match "admin/users" => "admin/users#index"
Both
match "admin/posts" => "admin/posts#index"match "admin/users" => "admin/users#index"
namespace "admin" do match "/posts" => "posts#index" match "/users" => "users#index"end
HTTP Methods
Get Request
match "/posts" => "posts#index", :via => "get"
Get Request
match "/posts" => "posts#index", :via => "get"
get "/posts" => "posts#index"
Scoping
scope "/posts" do controller :posts do get "/" => :index endend
Scoping
scope "/posts" do controller :posts do get "/" => :index endend
get "/posts" => "posts#index"
Default Resource Route
controller :posts do scope "/posts" do get "/" => :index post "/" => :create get "/:id" => :show put "/:id" => :update delete "/:id" => :delete get "/new" => :new get "/:id/edit" => :edit endend
Default Resource Routecontroller :posts do scope "/posts" do get "/" => :index, :as => :posts post "/" => :create get "/:id" => :show, :as => :post put "/:id" => :update delete "/:id" => :delete get "/new" => :new, :as => :new_post get "/:id/edit" => :edit, :as => :edit_post endend
Constraints
Regex Constraint
get "/:id" => "posts#index", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}
Regex Constraint
get "/:id" => "posts#index", :id => /\d+/
Request-Based Constraint
get "/mobile" => "posts#index", :constraints => {:user_agent => /iPhone/}
Request-Based Constraint
get "/mobile" => "posts#index", :constraints => {:user_agent => /iPhone/}, :defaults => {:mobile => true}
Request-Based Constraint
get "/mobile" => "posts#index", :user_agent => /iPhone/, :mobile => true
Object Constraints
class DubDubConstraint def self.matches?(request) request.host =~ /^(www\.)/ endend
get "/" => "posts#index", :constraints => DubDubConstraint
Rack
Equivalent
get "/posts" => "posts#index"
Equivalent
get "/posts" => "posts#index"
get "/posts" => PostsController.action(:index)
Rack
>> a = PostsController.action(:index)
Rack
>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> #<Proc:0x0000000103d050d0@/Users/wycats/Code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:123>
Rack
>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> #<Proc:0x0000000103d050d0@/Users/wycats/Code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:123> >> e = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/")
Rack
>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> #<Proc:0x0000000103d050d0@/Users/wycats/Code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:123> >> e = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/")=> {"SERVER_NAME"=>"example.org", "CONTENT_LENGTH"=>"0", ...}
Rack
>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> #<Proc:0x0000000103d050d0@/Users/wycats/Code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:123> >> e = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/")=> {"SERVER_NAME"=>"example.org", "CONTENT_LENGTH"=>"0", ...}>> e.call(a)
Rack
>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> #<Proc:0x0000000103d050d0@/Users/wycats/Code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:123> >> e = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/")=> {"SERVER_NAME"=>"example.org", "CONTENT_LENGTH"=>"0", ...}>> e.call(a)=> [200, {"ETag"=> '"eca5953f36da05ff351d712d904e"', ...}, ["Hello World"]]
Match to Rack
class MyApp def call(env) [200, {"Content-Type" => "text/html"}, ["Hello World"]] endend
get "/" => MyApp.new
Redirection
get "/" => redirect("/foo")
Redirection
get "/" => redirect("/foo")
get "/:id" => redirect("/posts/%{id}")get "/:id" => redirect("/posts/%s")
Redirection
get "/" => redirect("/foo")
get "/:id" => redirect("/posts/%{id}")get "/:id" => redirect("/posts/%s")
get "/:id" => redirect { |params, req| ...}
Rack Appdef redirect(*args, &block) options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
path = args.shift || block path_proc = path.is_a?(Proc) ? path : proc { |params| path % params } status = options[:status] || 301 body = 'Moved Permanently'
lambda do |env| req = Request.new(env)
params = [req.symbolized_path_parameters] params << req if path_proc.arity > 1
uri = URI.parse(path_proc.call(*params)) uri.scheme ||= req.scheme uri.host ||= req.host uri.port ||= req.port unless req.port == 80
headers = { 'Location' => uri.to_s, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Content-Length' => body.length.to_s } [ status, headers, [body] ] endend
Rack Appdef redirect(*args, &block) options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
path = args.shift || block path_proc = path.is_a?(Proc) ? path : proc { |params| path % params } status = options[:status] || 301 body = 'Moved Permanently'
lambda do |env| req = Request.new(env)
params = [req.symbolized_path_parameters] params << req if path_proc.arity > 1
uri = URI.parse(path_proc.call(*params)) uri.scheme ||= req.scheme uri.host ||= req.host uri.port ||= req.port unless req.port == 80
headers = { 'Location' => uri.to_s, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Content-Length' => body.length.to_s } [ status, headers, [body] ] endend
redirect(*args, &block)
Rack Applambda do |env| req = Request.new(env)
params = [req.symbolized_path_parameters] params << req if path_proc.arity > 1
uri = URI.parse(path_proc.call(*params)) uri.scheme ||= req.scheme uri.host ||= req.host uri.port ||= req.port unless req.port == 80
headers = { 'Location' => uri.to_s, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Content-Length' => body.length.to_s } [ status, headers, [body] ]end
Rack Applambda do |env| req = Request.new(env)
params = [req.symbolized_path_parameters] params << req if path_proc.arity > 1
uri = URI.parse(path_proc.call(*params)) uri.scheme ||= req.scheme uri.host ||= req.host uri.port ||= req.port unless req.port == 80
headers = { 'Location' => uri.to_s, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Content-Length' => body.length.to_s } [ status, headers, [body] ]end
[ status, headers, [body] ]
Resources
Resources
resources :magazines do resources :adsend
Member Resources
resources :photos do member do get :preview get :print endend
One-Offs
resources :photos do get :preview, :on => :memberend
Collections
resources :photos do collection do get :search endend
Combination
scope :module => "admin" do constraints IpBlacklist do resources :posts, :comments endend
Recent
#mount
Rack Endpoint
class MountedEndpoint def call(env) head = {"Content-Type" => "text/html"} body = "script: #{env["SCRIPT_NAME"]}" body += "path: #{env["PATH_INFO"]}" [200, head, [body]] endend
Mounting
class MountedEndpoint def call(env) head = {"Content-Type" => "text/html"} body = "script: #{env["SCRIPT_NAME"]}" body += "path: #{env["PATH_INFO"]}" [200, head, [body]] endend
mount "/end", :at => MountedEndpoint.new
Mounting
class MountedEndpoint def call(env) head = {"Content-Type" => "text/html"} body = "script: #{env["SCRIPT_NAME"]}" body += "path: #{env["PATH_INFO"]}" [200, head, [body]] endend
mount "/end", :at => MountedEndpoint.new
# "/end/point" =># script: /end# path: /point
Sinatra!
ActiveRecord
New Chainable, Lazy API
Chainable Methods
★ select★ from★ where★ joins★ having★ group
★ order★ limit★ offset★ includes★ lock★ readonly
Controller
def index @posts = Post. where(:published => true). order("publish_date desc")end
Model
def index @posts = Post.publishedend
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base scope :published, where(:published => true). order("publish_date desc")end
Model
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base scope :desc, order("publish_date desc")
scope :published, where(:published => true).descend
Controller
def index @posts = Post. where("created_at < ?", Time.now). order("publish_date desc")end
Controller
def index @posts = Post.pastend
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base scope :desc, order("publish_date desc")
def self.past where("created_at < ?", Time.now).desc endend
Model
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base scope :desc, order("publish_date desc") def self.past where("created_at < ?", Time.now).desc end
def self.recent(number) past.limit(5) endend
Pagination
class PostsController < ApplicationController def index @posts = Posts.page(5, :per_page => 10) endend
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base def self.page(number, options) per_page = options[:per_page] offset(per_page * (number - 1)). limit(per_page) endend
named_scope
with_scope
!nd(:all)
scope
ActionMailer
Massive API Overhaul
Sending Emails
def welcome(user) @user = user mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!")end
welcome.text.erb
welcome.html.erb
Layouts
layout "rails_dispatch"
def welcome(user) @user = user mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!")end
rails_dispatch.text.erb
rails_dispatch.html.erb
Be More Speci!c
def welcome(user) @user = user mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!") do |format| format.html format.text { render "generic" } endend
Defaults
default :from => "wycats@gmail.com"
def welcome(user) @user = user mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!") do |format| format.html format.text { render "generic" } endend
Attachments
def welcome(user) @user = user file = Rails.public_path.join("hello.pdf") contents = File.read(file) attachments["welcome.pdf"] = contents mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!")end
Interceptors
class MyInterceptor def self.delivering_email(mail) original = mail.to mail.to = "wycats@gmail.com" mail.subject = "#{original}: #{mail.subject}" endend
Interceptors
class MyInterceptor def self.delivering_email(mail) original = mail.to mail.to = "wycats@gmail.com" mail.subject = "#{original}: #{mail.subject}" endend
config.action_mailer. register_interceptor(MyInterceptor)
Interceptors
Delivery
Observers
delivering_mail
deliver
delivered_mail
Bundler
bundle install
bundle lock
bundle lock
.gitignore
.dot!les
Engine YardHeroku
chef
Engine YardHeroku
chefcapistrano?
gembundler.com
gembundler.com/rails3.html
railsdispatch.com/posts/bundler
yehudakatz.com/2010/04/12/some-of-
the-problems-bundler-solves/
yehudakatz.com/2010/04/17/ruby-
require-order-problems/
Choices
rspec-rails
generators
controller_example
view_example
request_example
mailer_example
rake tasks
Mailer Generator
$ script/rails g mailer welcome create app/mailers/welcome.rb invoke erb create app/views/welcome invoke rspec create spec/mailers/welcome_spec.rb
dm-rails
generators
append_info_to_payload
i18n_scope
IdentityMap middleware
rake tasks
generate a resource$ rails g resource comment invoke data_mapper create app/models/comment.rb invoke test_unit create test/unit/comment_test.rb create test/fixtures/comments.yml invoke controller create app/controllers/comments_controller.rb invoke erb create app/views/commentses invoke test_unit create test/functional/comments_controller_test.rb invoke helper create app/helpers/commentses_helper.rb invoke test_unit create test/unit/helpers/comments_helper_test.rb route resources :commentses
generate a resource$ rails g resource comment invoke data_mapper create app/models/comment.rb invoke rspec create spec/models/comment_spec.rb invoke controller create app/controllers/comments_controller.rb invoke erb create app/views/comments invoke rspec create spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb create spec/views/comments invoke helper create app/helpers/comments_helper.rb invoke rspec route resources :comments
rails g$ rails g Rails:
controller generator helper integration_test mailer metal migration model observer performance_test plugin resource scaffold scaffold_controller session_migration stylesheets
What Else?
Ruby 1.9 Encoding
Mission
You Can Assume UTF-8 Inside of Rails
(unless you want to handle
encodings yourself)
Testing
RSpec Driven Effort
Rails Testing Support Becomes Modular
ActionController Middleware
class PostsController use MyMiddleware, :only => :indexend
Metalbecomes
AC::Metal
i18nCheck Out Sven’s Talk
Last slot in conference
Trimming ActiveSupport Dependencies
Thanks!
Questions?