Post on 21-Dec-2015
Quantitative data Quantitative data collection on the status collection on the status of Roma in SEE and CEE:of Roma in SEE and CEE:Methodology, Purpose, and Policy Methodology, Purpose, and Policy
ApplicationApplication
Susanne MilcherSusanne Milcher
Specialist, Poverty and Economic Specialist, Poverty and Economic Development Development
UNDP Regional CentreUNDP Regional Centre
BratislavaBratislava
(17 September 2004)(17 September 2004)
Europe and CIS
OutlineOutline
General problems with ethnic General problems with ethnic datadata
The baseline survey The baseline survey methodologymethodology
Policy applicationPolicy application Future stepsFuture steps
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Problems with relevant Problems with relevant datadata
Governments reluctant to collectGovernments reluctant to collect– Political considerationsPolitical considerations– Constitutional constraintsConstitutional constraints
Constituencies reluctant to shareConstituencies reluctant to share– Desire to avoid discrimination and Desire to avoid discrimination and
stigmatizationstigmatization– Desire to keep distance from the stateDesire to keep distance from the state
As a result:As a result: Opportunities to misuse and misinterpret Opportunities to misuse and misinterpret
data deficitsdata deficits But all aware that data is necessaryBut all aware that data is necessary
Europe and CIS
UNDP approach to the UNDP approach to the issueissue
Reliable quality quantitative data is a Reliable quality quantitative data is a necessarynecessary
precondition for relevant policies. It means precondition for relevant policies. It means data,data,
which is:which is: RelevantRelevant, adequately reflecting reality, adequately reflecting reality ComparableComparable – both between countries and – both between countries and
with majority populations (control group) in with majority populations (control group) in individual countries – over timeindividual countries – over time
Respecting privacy Respecting privacy – making sure will not – making sure will not be misused, individual is protected against be misused, individual is protected against discrimination discrimination
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How to get there? The How to get there? The surveysurvey
Problems are of technical, Problems are of technical, methodological and legal nature methodological and legal nature and specific problems require and specific problems require specific approachesspecific approaches
Clear division of roles between Clear division of roles between international and national actors international and national actors necessary in the short, mid and long necessary in the short, mid and long run (phase-out strategy)run (phase-out strategy)
Link to MDGs monitoring (baseline)Link to MDGs monitoring (baseline)
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How to get there?How to get there?
RelevancyRelevancy – related primarily to – related primarily to communities involvement in data collection communities involvement in data collection (Roma interviewers where possible, (Roma interviewers where possible, assistant interviewers in other cases)assistant interviewers in other cases)
ComparabilityComparability – applying consistent – applying consistent methodologies in different countries methodologies in different countries following the format HBS and LFSfollowing the format HBS and LFS
Include Include majority boostersmajority boosters Respecting Respecting privacyprivacy – not using registry – not using registry
datadata
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Previous experiencePrevious experience
Regional UNDP/ILO large scale survey on Roma Regional UNDP/ILO large scale survey on Roma in five Central and Eastern European (CEE) in five Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries conducted in 2001countries conducted in 2001
Situation of Roma from a ‘human development’ Situation of Roma from a ‘human development’ perspectiveperspective
““How much” worse and specific characteristics of How much” worse and specific characteristics of their statustheir status
Answering these specific and concrete questions Answering these specific and concrete questions in quantitative figures is a necessary in quantitative figures is a necessary precondition both for understanding the precondition both for understanding the underlying causes and addressing them underlying causes and addressing them adequatelyadequately
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Roma: poverty profilesRoma: poverty profiles
Average monthly per capita expenditures in Roma householdsBG CZ HU RO SK
As % of country average wage
15 31 17 13 18
As % of country average monthly household expenditures
34 46 26 30 30
Europe and CIS
Roma: Deprivation Roma: Deprivation indicators indicators
(% of people lacking access to)(% of people lacking access to)
Czech Republic
0 20 40 60 80
Car
TV set
Washing machine
Telephone
Running water
Toilet in the house
Roma
Countryaverage
Europe and CIS
Roma: Deprivation Roma: Deprivation indicators indicators
(% of people lacking access to)(% of people lacking access to)
Romania
0 20 40 60 80 100
Car
TV set
Washing machine
Telephone
Running water
Toilet in the house
Roma
Countryaverage
Europe and CIS
Roma: Unemployment (ILO Roma: Unemployment (ILO definition)definition)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
BG CZ HU RO SK
Roma, broad unemployment rate 2001, country average
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The survey IThe survey I
Supposed to provide base-line data for the Supposed to provide base-line data for the “Decade” progress monitoring and for NTL “Decade” progress monitoring and for NTL policy purposespolicy purposes
Covers all countries in SEE and CEE with Covers all countries in SEE and CEE with sizeable Roma minorities (“Decade +”)sizeable Roma minorities (“Decade +”)
Where relevant, has IDPs and refugees Where relevant, has IDPs and refugees boostersboosters
Will be the basis of a “regional Will be the basis of a “regional vulnerability report”vulnerability report”
Could be used as a pilot for similar data Could be used as a pilot for similar data collection exercises in the regioncollection exercises in the region
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The survey IIThe survey II
The unit of analysis – householdThe unit of analysis – household Main interviewee – head of the Main interviewee – head of the
householdhousehold Universe studied – households in Roma Universe studied – households in Roma
settlementssettlements Roma settlements – municipalities or Roma settlements – municipalities or
neighborhoods with high concentration neighborhoods with high concentration of Romaof Roma
Territorial unit – municipalities with share Territorial unit – municipalities with share of Roma population equal or above the of Roma population equal or above the NTL average as registered by the censusNTL average as registered by the census
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The sampling model The sampling model assumptionsassumptions
Census understate absolute numbers but Census understate absolute numbers but reflect the structure and distribution reflect the structure and distribution (“where those people are?”)(“where those people are?”)
The major disparities visible at the level The major disparities visible at the level of municipalitiesof municipalities
Comparability with the “majority in Comparability with the “majority in proximity” more important than with proximity” more important than with national averagenational average
Majority boosters – a “benchmark” Majority boosters – a “benchmark” sample for comparisons with non-Roma sample for comparisons with non-Roma in similar socioeconomic environment in similar socioeconomic environment
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Inevitable impedimentsInevitable impediments
Sample may be under-representing Sample may be under-representing integrated Romaintegrated Roma
Majority population in proximity may not Majority population in proximity may not be sufficient for constructing a boosterbe sufficient for constructing a booster
Concentrated Roma neighborhood may Concentrated Roma neighborhood may still constitute a share lower than the still constitute a share lower than the NTL averageNTL average
Data not representative for sub-Data not representative for sub-grouping grouping
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What shall the survey What shall the survey provide?provide?
Household representative information, Household representative information, “census-type” allowing approximations for“census-type” allowing approximations for– Poverty rates and depthPoverty rates and depth– Levels and sources of incomeLevels and sources of income– Educational attainment, completion rates, Educational attainment, completion rates,
enrollment rate and functional literacyenrollment rate and functional literacy– General picture of health status and access to General picture of health status and access to
health services health services – Dwellings characteristics (water, sanitation) for Dwellings characteristics (water, sanitation) for
deprivation indicatorsdeprivation indicators All this - disaggregated by age, sex, income All this - disaggregated by age, sex, income
status of the household and sub-national status of the household and sub-national levellevel
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Dose of realism Dose of realism (the inevitable (the inevitable
constraints)constraints)
Not all indicators are possible to be Not all indicators are possible to be monitored or disaggregatedmonitored or disaggregated
Data (as any data perhaps) – still Data (as any data perhaps) – still approximation and should be used approximation and should be used as complementary to other as complementary to other statisticsstatistics
Cross-country comparability will be Cross-country comparability will be limited (if necessary at all)limited (if necessary at all)
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Time-frameTime-frame
Completed sampling methodology and Completed sampling methodology and questionnairequestionnaire
August/September – translating, back August/September – translating, back translation and testing of the translation and testing of the questionnaire; samplingquestionnaire; sampling
End of August: identification of assistant-End of August: identification of assistant-interviewers and first training (Sofia)interviewers and first training (Sofia)
October: field-workOctober: field-work November: data availableNovember: data available First quarter 2005 “Vulnerability First quarter 2005 “Vulnerability
Assessment”Assessment”
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Policy applicationPolicy application
Only based on quantitative data can the Only based on quantitative data can the actors involved (governments, donors, actors involved (governments, donors, implementing partners) outline priorities implementing partners) outline priorities and measure progressand measure progress
Disaggregated quantitative data is a Disaggregated quantitative data is a precondition for relevant national-level precondition for relevant national-level policies for sustainable inclusion of policies for sustainable inclusion of vulnerable groups and Roma in particularvulnerable groups and Roma in particular
Monitoring and evaluation of national-level Monitoring and evaluation of national-level policies, what impact has been achieved?policies, what impact has been achieved?
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Future steps and possible Future steps and possible cooperationcooperation
Improve methodologies for vulnerability Improve methodologies for vulnerability analysis to establish disaggregated data analysis to establish disaggregated data collection capacities at the country level collection capacities at the country level in 2-3 yearsin 2-3 years
Work with National Statistical Offices on Work with National Statistical Offices on practical projects on data disaggregationpractical projects on data disaggregation
Elaborate possible approaches to Elaborate possible approaches to overcome legal barriers overcome legal barriers
Encourage and coordinate advocacy Encourage and coordinate advocacy campaign for new approach to “group-campaign for new approach to “group-related” data, incl. ethnic groupsrelated” data, incl. ethnic groups
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Links to other Roma-Links to other Roma-related initiativesrelated initiatives
Follow up to first regional reportFollow up to first regional report ““Avoiding the Dependency Trap”Avoiding the Dependency Trap”
Decade of Roma InclusionDecade of Roma Inclusion baseline and baseline and monitoringmonitoring
Measuring the progress at national level Measuring the progress at national level (Czech Republic and Hungary)(Czech Republic and Hungary)
WB “Living Standards” assessmentWB “Living Standards” assessment Roma Development Opportunities Web-Roma Development Opportunities Web-
site, site, http://roma.undp.skhttp://roma.undp.sk
Europe and CIS
Thank you!Thank you!
Bratislava Regional CenterBratislava Regional Center
35 Grosslingova 35 Grosslingova
81109 Bratislava, Slovak Republic81109 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
+421 2 59337 111+421 2 59337 111
www.undp.skwww.undp.sk
http://roma.undp.skhttp://roma.undp.sk
http://mdgr.undp.skhttp://mdgr.undp.sk