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PsyWar and PsyOps Lessons and
trends from Gulf/ Iraq War
Group 1 Team 31
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Team Members
Maj Abdul Hasib
LTC Duran
Maj Prak Vannak
Maj Isireli
LTC Intal
Maj Zaki
Maj Clement
Maj Mohamed
Maj Abu Bakar
Maj Manizano 2
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Introduction
AIM: To identify the lessons and trends
on PsyWar and PsyOps in Gulf and Iraq
Wars
SCOPE OF
PRESENTATION
Some necessary
Information aboutPsyWar and PsyOps.
PsyWar.
PsyOps
Conclusions and
Lessons 3
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Communication and Information (C4ISR) are tothe 21st century of what coal and oil were in the
20th century PSYOPS is an integral part and a tool of the
Information warfare
In modern wars, it is important to take variousPSYOPS measures, conduct PSYOPS and strikethe En, protect and encourage own psychology soas win a greater victory at a smaller cost
Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
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Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
For to win one
hundred
victories in one
hundred battles
is not the acmeof skill. To
subdue the
enemy without
fighting is theacme of skill.
Sun Tzu
When you know
soldiers are
trustworthy,
dont let others
alienate them.
Sun Bin
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Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
Psychological War: The planned
use of propaganda and
other psychological actions having the
primary purpose of influencing the
opinions, emotions, attitudes, and
behavior of hostile foreign groups in
such a way as to support the
achievement of national objectives.
Psychological operations: are
planned propaganda operations to
convey selected information andindicators to foreign audiences to
influence their emotions, motives,
objective reasoning, and ultimately the
behaviour of foreign governments,
organisations, groups, and individuals
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Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
PsyOps/ PsyWar
TargetAudiences
Perceptionand
Message
SocialCommunic
ation,Propagand
a and
Publicity
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Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
Social communication: is a field of
study that primarily explores the
ways information can be perceived,
transmitted and understood, and the
impact those ways will have on
a society.Publicity: is the deliberate attempt to
manage the public's perception of a
subject. Itspurpose is to modified a
behaviour
Propaganda: is a form ofcommunication that is aimed at
influencing the attitude of a community
toward some cause or position so as
to benefit oneself. Its purpose is to
modified a belief and inconsequence a behaviour.
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Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
Perception: is the process
by which an organism attains
awareness or understanding
of its environment by
organizing and interpretingsensory information.
Message: is a persuasive
subject or symbol aimed
toward a target audience.
Target Audience: a group ofindividuals with common
objectives, demographic or
geographic characteristics
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Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
Perception: is the process
by which an organism attains
awareness or understanding
of its environment by
organizing and interpretingsensory information.
Message: is a persuasive
subject or symbol aimed
toward a target audience.
Target Audience: a group ofindividuals with common
objectives, demographic or
geographic characteristics
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Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
Social Communication
CommercialPublicity
InstitutionsPublicity
PsyWarPsyOps
Operational
PsyOpsTactical
Message
Subject Symbol
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Information About PsyWar/
PsyOps
White Propaganda:
the stated source is
the true source
Grey Propaganda:
no stated source, is
anonymous
Black Propaganda: the
stated source is NOT the
true source.
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Psychological War in Gulf
War
Side TargetAudience
Message Effect
Coalition
UN Saddam is a danger forDemocracy
The invasion
legitimated the UN
resolution
US People Fight for liberty. Saddam a NewHitler. No VN Opportunity toovercome VN
Coalition Kuwait liberation Legitimacy
Iraq Saddam is a dictator, leavehim.
No effects. Shiites,
Kurds
Iraq
Government
Iraqi peopleJust War against colonialism
and Zionism
Keep the people
together
US The mother of All BattlesComparison with VN
Affect some anti war
groups
Arab People US defended the Zionist'sinterest. Holy war.
No effect, even after
fired Scud to Israel
UN Kuwait is part of Iraq No effects. Nolegitimacy
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Psychological Operations in
Gulf War
Side TargetAudience
Message Effect
Coalition Iraqi Troops
Saddam is a dictator, dont die
for Saddam, give up your
weapons
Leave Saddam and return to
your family
87.000 POWs, most
of them with coalition
safe-conducts
Overwhelming power of
coalition weapons
The main attack is from the sea Some divisions were
hold defended shores
Iraq
Government
Coalition
troops
The weather and the Iraqitroops kill them
No effect
The mother of All Battles
Comparison with VN
No effect
Iraqi TroopsDont believe the coalition
propaganda.
This only awakened
the interest of Iraqi
troops
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Psychological Operations in
Gulf War
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Psychological Operations in
Gulf War
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OPSIC USAThe Bunker Mission.One PsyOps team attached to 101 Airborne Div
The advance was stopped by the stubborn resistance
of a fortified Iraqi position. It was attacked and
shelled for 4 hours without results
The PsyOps team thrown leaflets and broadcasted by
loudspeakers after that 435 Iraqi soldiers becomePOW.
Psychological War in Iraq
War
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Psychological War in Iraq
War
Side TargetAudience
Message Effect
Allied
UN Saddam is a danger becausehe has WMD
No WMD, no effect,
no legitimating
US People Saddam supports terrorists Opportunity to
overcome 11SCoalition Democracy and Freedom for
Iraqi people
Legitimacy
Iraqi People Saddam is a dictator, leavehim.
Great effects in Kurds
Iraq
Government
Iraqi people Just War against colonialismand Zionism
Keep the people
together
US The mother of All BattlesComparison with VN
Affect some anti war
groups
Arab People US defended the Zionist'sinterest. Holy war.
Almost all Arabs
nations against US
UN No Right to intervene in internalaffairs. No WMD No UNSC resolution
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Psychological War in Iraq
War
Michael Prysner denounced
many US war crimes andCapitalism flaws . Looking for
him in internet we know:
Hes running for a political
appointment
He was a radar operator and
never was in battle
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Psychological War in Iraq
War
The message of Abu Ghraib was The
americans do the same as Saddam did. It
represents a serious defeat for US PsyWar
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Psychological War in Iraq
War
Embedded journalism refers
to news reporters being attached
to military units involved
in armed conflicts.
Mutual understanding of twocultures, the military (to hide
information) and the journalist
(to share information).
A Journalist saidWewere a
propaganda arm of ourgovernments. At the start the
censors enforced that, but by the
end we were our own censors.
We were cheerleaders.
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Psychological War in Iraq
War
Support our soldiers who risk their lives.
The army included men and women and of all races. All defend thecountry.
It omits to make references to the Bush administration
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Psychological Operations in
Iraq War (before Bagdad)
Side TargetAudience
Message Effect
Coalition
Iraqi Troops Saddam is a dictator, dont
die for Saddam, give up
your weapons
Leave Saddam and returnto your family
No many POWs.
Iraqi troops fought
for their homeland
Overwhelming power of
coalition weapons
Troops who employ WMD
should be punished
No WMD
Iraqi People Dont interfere with coalition
operations
Overthrow Saddam
Not interference.
Support of Kurds
Iraq
Government
Coalition
troops
NSTR
Iraqi Troops NSTR
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Psychological Operations in
Iraq War
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Psychological Operations in
Iraq War
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Psychological Operations in
Iraq War
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Psychological Operations in
Iraq War (After Bagdad)
Side TargetAudience
Message Effect
Coalition
Iraqi
resistance
Terrorist should be killed Terrorist and
civilians were killedZarqawi fight for his own
interest
Iraqi People Dont support terrorist.
Terrorism prevent the
rebuilding
Recruitment campaign for
new Iraqi Army
Roughly successful
Iraqi
Resistance
Coalitiontroops
Bloody and protracted war Some countrieswithdraw their
troops
Iraqi People Recruitment. Civilian
resistance
It was make easier
thanks the
collateral damage
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Psychological Operations in
Iraq War
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Psychological Operations in
Iraq War
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Psychological Operations in
Iraq War
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The 1991 Gulf War(US Army PSYOPS)
Try to win domestic and international support and create conditions for the legalmil actions
Show off mil i tary power and create psychological deterrence
Create a psychological shock by means of continuous and intensive mil i tary stri ke
Launch propaganda warfare to disintegrate the moral of the En
Coali tion forces worked extensively with Saudi, Kuwaiti , and other partners, to besure psychological operations were cul turall y and linguistically appropriate.
Psychological Operations was extremely valuable dur ing the Gul f War due to theI raqi mi l i tary' s desire to avoid combat. Thr ough leaflets and loudspeakerbroadcasts, PSYOP for ces walked many enemy soldiers through successfulsurrender.
Lessons
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The 1991 Gul f War
(I raq PSYOPS)
Utilized the national and religiouscontradiction to launch a Holy War againstthe US
Utilized the contradiction bet the Arabic
countries and Israel to disintegrate the anti-Iraq alliance
Lessons
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PSYOPS W R F REOF IR Q RMY
Take advantage of hostage and chemical
weapons issues to launch psychological
deterrence warfare (War Crime)
Lessons
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I raq War 2003
(US Army PSYOPS)
Subdue the En without fighting Win maximum success at min cost
Lessons
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I raq War 2003
Arguably the most visible image of the 2003 invasion of I raq was thetoppling of a statue of Saddam Husseinin F ir dos Squarein central
Baghdad. While media coverage of the event, at f irst glance, gave the
impression that the act was a spontaneous action of the citizens ofthe city, it was actually an idea hatched by an Army psychologicaloperations team.
Allegations sur faced that the group of people sur rounding the statue
and cheer ing was in fact smaller than it was made out to be in theoff icial story, and that the group were by some accounts not local tothe area but were instead brought in by the mili tary for the specif icpurpose of watching and lending credence to the planned toppling.
PSYOPS conducted in the I raq War resul ted in approximately 40percent of the I raqi Force either laid down their arms or deserted.
Lessons
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Square_statue_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Square_statue_destruction8/13/2019 PsyOPs Trends After Gulf and Iraq War
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The 2003 I raq War
(I raq Army PSYOPS)
Saddams live TV interview to counter
US PSYOPS
Exposure of the US captives
Broadcast news to make a psychologicalcompetition in public opinions
Lessons
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Just warTo gain support from the world
community.
The need to demoral ize the enemy.
The need to counter enemys PsyOps.
The need to have our own broadcast or satel l i te.
The importance of controll ing the Media.
To have good relationship with Media.
Lessons
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The current goals for PsyWar are: to break enemycohesion and the credibility and legitimacy of the
source.
In PsyOps, propaganda is the rifle and messages are
bullets.The Information technology helps more in PsyWar
than PsyOps. In the battlefield soldiers in foxholes have
not internet, so the leaflets, loudspeakers and face to
face are useful.
Black and Gray propaganda are very difficult in
information technology environment.
Conclusions
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Lack of strong values in target audiences make easy thePsyOps. So, is not worth to make counterpropaganda. Is
better to enforce the values of troops and to give reasons to
fight.
Counter propaganda culture: ever time you are object of
Enemy propaganda you must ask yourself Who said and
Why said it.
You never lie in PsyOps, you only could manipulate the
true.
The assessment of the perception in different cultures ythe main flaw in US PsyOps
Every Military action has a, desirable or not desirable,
psychological effect. However, in asymmetric warfare, the
resistance actions are planned to has a psychological effectwhatever are the nature of them.
Conclusions
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In PsyOps, If you are predictable, you are boring and yourpropaganda is easy to defeat.
Viet Nam War
Kosovo War
Gulf and Iraq Wars
Conclusions
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In PsyOps, If yours messages are contradictory you lost credibility.
.So, It is or not the only Pic??
Conclusions
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PsyOps product are not Big Macs, this products depends of eachculture and some creativity is not a bad idea.
Haiti PsyOps Gulf PsyOps
Conclusions