Protein Synthesis

By Canaan Knox

Transcription

• In transcription, RNA polymerase unwinds a piece of DNA. Then the mRNA messenger RNA matches the bases of the DNA. The mRNA breaks off of the DNA and and goes through the nuclear pores and into the ribosomes.

Translation

• In Translation, the ribosome is split in two pieces a large subunit and a small subunit. The ribosomes read the mRNA strand. The ribosome translate the mRNA strand into amino acids making a polypeptide chain. The chain has to fold up to get its function.

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

DNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

DNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

DNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

DNA

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C G T A C A T C

A T G C A T G G C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

TA C G T A C C G T A C A T C

AT G C A T G G C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T AC G T A C C G T A C A T C

A TG C A T G G C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A CG T A C C G T A C A T C

A T GC A T G G C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C GT A C C G T A C A T C

A T G CA T G G C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G TA C C G T A C A T C

A T G C AT G G C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T AC C G T A C A T C

A T G C A TG G C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A CC G T A C A T C

A T G C A T GG C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C CG T A C A T C

A T G C A T G GC A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C GT A C A T C

A T G C A T G G CA T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C G TA C A T C

A T G C A T G G C AT A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C G T AC A T C

A T G C A T G G C A TA C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C G T A CA T C

A T G C A T G G C A T AC A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C G T A C AT C

A T G C A T G G C A T A CA G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C G T A C A TC

A T G C A T G G C A T A C AG

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C G T A C A T C

A T G C A T G G C A T A C A G

RNA polymer

ase

T A C G T A C C G T A C A T C

A T G C A T G G C A T A C A G

T

A C G T A C C G T A C A T C

A

T G C A T G G C A T A C A G

T A

C G T A C C G T A C A T C

A T

G C A T G G C A T A C A G

T A C

G T A C C G T A C A T C

A T G

C A T G G C A T A C A G

T A C G

T A C C G T A C A T C

A T G C

A T G G C A T A C A G

T A C G T

A C C G T A C A T C

A T G C A

T G G C A T A C A G

T A C G T A

C C G T A C A T C

A T G C A T

G G C A T A C A G

T A C G T A C

C G T A C A T C

A T G C A T G

G C A T A C A G

T A C G T A C C

G T A C A T C

A T G C A T G G

C A T A C A G

T A C G T A C C G

T A C A T C

A T G C A T G G CA T A C A G

T A C G T A C C G T

A C A T C

A T G C A T G G C A

T A C A G

T A C G T A C C G T A

C A T C

A T G C A T G G C A T

A C A G

T A C G T A C C G T A C

A T C

A T G C A T G G C A T A

C A G

T A C G T A C C G T A C A

T C

A T G C A T G G C A T A C

A G

T A C G T A C C G T A C A T

C

A T G C A T G G C A T A C AG

T A C G T A C C G T A C A T C

A T G C A T G G C A T A C A G

Nuclear pore

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nucleus

Ribosomes

mRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

Subunit

Ribosome

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

Subunit

Ribosome

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C U A C

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C U A C

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C U A C U A C

Polypeptide Chain

tRNA

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C U A C U A C

Polypeptide Chain

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C U A C U A C

Polypeptide Chain

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C U A C U A C

Polypeptide Chain

A U G C A U C C G A U G A U G

Start

Codon

Codon

Codon

Codon

Stop

Codon

Large

Subunit

Small

SubunitRibosome

U A C G U A G G C U A C U A C

Polypeptide Chain

Protein in tertiary state

• Now we have functioning protein.