Properties of Matter

Matter:

Anything that has mass

and takes up space

Mass:•the amount of matter in an object

Mass:•the amount of matter in an object

•measured with a balance

Volume:•the amount of space (capacity) an object takes up

Volume:•the amount of space (capacity) an object takes up

•measured with a ruler or graduated cylinder

Physical Properties

Are characteristics or Are characteristics or features that describe a features that describe a substance.substance.

What is density?

What is density?

Density is a comparison of how Density is a comparison of how much matter there is in a much matter there is in a certain amount of space.certain amount of space.

What is density?

Density is a comparison of how Density is a comparison of how much matter there is in a much matter there is in a certain amount of space.certain amount of space.

The more matter in a certain The more matter in a certain space, it will sink. Less matter it space, it will sink. Less matter it will risewill rise

Which one is more dense?

Demonstration: People in a room or in a fieldDemonstration: People in a room or in a field

How about this: Which square is more dense?How about this: Which square is more dense?

Which one is more dense?

Now which one is more dense?Now which one is more dense?

What is density?Density = Density = mass mass OR mass ÷ volume. OR mass ÷ volume.

volumevolume

Units for density: Units for density: g g . .

cmcm33

Why are these the units for density?Why are these the units for density?

ALWAYS REMEMBER

UNITS!

Examples of physical properties include

color color

tastetaste

shape shape

Boiling point Boiling point

smell smell

appearanceappearance

Melting Melting pointpoint

densitydensity

Chemical Properties

Chemical Properties

Are properties that change Are properties that change the substance to a new the substance to a new substance (s) during a substance (s) during a chemical reaction.chemical reaction.

Chemical PropertiesAre properties that change Are properties that change the substance to a new the substance to a new substance (s) during a substance (s) during a chemical reaction.chemical reaction.

Are properties of a Are properties of a substance, not a specific substance, not a specific objectobject

Examples include

AcidityAcidity

CorrosivenessCorrosiveness

FlammabilityFlammability

toxicitytoxicity

Examples of Chemical Properties/Changes:

BurningRustingCookingFilm Processing

(Any change that causes NEW matter to be formed)

There is no observable change in the quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or a physical change.

In other words, matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It is just converted from one form to another (just like energy)

States of Matter

SolidSolid

LiquidLiquid

GasGas

PlasmaPlasma

Solids

Solids•Have definite shape and definite volume

Solids•Have definite shape and definite volume

•Particles are tightly packed

Solids•Have definite shape and definite volume

•Particles are tightly packed

•Molecules are held close together and there is very little movement between them.

Liquids

Liquids•Do not have definite shape but do have definite volume

Liquids•Do not have definite shape but do have definite volume

•Particles are loosely packed

Liquids•Do not have definite shape but do have definite volume

•Particles are loosely packed

•Atoms and molecules have more space between them than a solid does, but less than a gas (ie. It is more “fluid”)

Gases

Gases•Do not have definite shape or definite volume

Gases•Do not have definite shape or definite volume

•Particles are very far apart

Gases•Do not have definite shape or definite volume

•Particles are very far apart

•Molecules are moving in random patterns with varying amounts of distance between the particles.

Phase Changes of Water

ICEICE WATER WATER STEAM STEAM

melting

freezingevaporating

condensing(solid) (liquid) (gas)

Plasma is different from a gas, because it is made up of groups of positively and negatively charged particles

• You don't find naturally occurring plasmas too often when you walk around. They aren't things that happen regularly on Earth.

• If you have ever heard of the Northern Lights, you might know that those are types of plasmas. It takes a very special environment to keep plasmas going.

Northern Lights

Star formation in the Eagle Nebula

Space Telescope Science Institute

, NASA

(below)

Products manufacturedusing plasmas impact our daily lives:

EXAMPLES:

•Computer chips and integrated circuits

•Computer hard drives

•Electronics

•Machine tools

•Medical implants and prosthetics

•Audio and video tapes

•Aircraft and automobile engine parts

•Printing on plastic food containers

•Energy-efficient window coatings

•High-efficiency window coatings

•Safe drinking water

•Voice and data communications components

•Anti-scratch and anti-glare coatings on eyeglasses and other optics

• While natural plasmas aren't found around you that often, man-made plasmas are everywhere.

• Think about fluorescent light bulbs. They are not like regular light bulbs. Inside the long tube is a gas. Electricity flows through the tube when the light is turned on. The electricity acts as an energy source and charges up the gas. This charging and exciting of the atoms creates glowing plasma inside the bulb.

Properties of Matter include:How it looks (shiny, dull, colored)

How it feels (hard, soft, rough, smooth)

How it smells (sweet, salty, flowery)

How it sounds (loud, soft, hollow)

How it tastes (sweet salty, bitter, sour)

What it does (bounce, bubble, tear)

So what makes up matter?

• The building blocks of Matter• Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N).

• Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means• Can exist as either atoms or molecules.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• There around 120 elements, and when you combine them you can make millions of molecules.

• ( We sometimes use the terms atom and element to mean the same thing. Remember, atom is the general term. Everything is made of atoms. The term element is used to describe atoms with specific characteristics)

• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together.

• In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule •Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H +H+O=H2O) makes a water molecule.

substances made substances made of two or more of two or more elements combined elements combined chemicallychemicallycompounds have compounds have properties properties different from different from those of the those of the original elementsoriginal elementsexamplesexamples

water: hydrogen water: hydrogen and oxygenand oxygensalt: sodium(Na) salt: sodium(Na) and chlorine (Cl) and chlorine (Cl) Sodium ChlorideSodium Chloride

• Matter can be classified in two broad categories: pure substances and mixtures

• Substances can be identified as either an element, compound, or a mixture.

combination of two combination of two or more or more substances that substances that are are notnot chemically chemically combinedcombined

examplesexamples

saladsaladfrosted cakefrosted cakekool-aidkool-aid

CompoundsCompounds

Can be Can be decomposed decomposed into simpler into simpler substances by substances by chemical chemical changes, changes, always in a always in a definite ratiodefinite ratio

ElementsElements

Cannot be Cannot be decomposed decomposed into simpler into simpler substances by substances by chemical chemical changeschanges

……more exciting more exciting adventures will adventures will follow…follow…