Progressions

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

We use the Present Continuous to talk about actions that are happening at the moment of speaking.

STRUCTURE

Subject Pronoun + Verb to be (am/are/is) + Verb (-ing)

I am workingYou are working

He is workingShe is workingWe are working

They are working

EXAMPLES

She is dancing.

The monkey is eating bananas.

They are playing soccer.

She is watching TV.

They are fighting.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS – Rules

Verbs ended by E, we drop E and add –ING:

MAKE = makingTAKE = taking

LEAVE = leaving

Verbs ended by consonant + vowel + consonant (CVC), we double the last letter:

RUN = runningCUT = cuttingPUT = putting

But, when the last syllable is stressed, we also double the letter:

STOP = stoppingBEGIN = beginningSWIM = swimming

Verbs ended by IE, we change it to Y:

LIE = lyingDIE = dyingTIE = tying

Verbs ended by W, X and Y, we do not double the last consonant:

FIX = fixingSTUDY = studying

LOW (literary) = lowing

Do you understand it?

TIME TO PRACTICE!

What are you doing now?

I’m studying English now.

What is he doing?

He is fixing the car.

What is she doing?

She is singing.

What are they doing?

They’re riding horses.

What is he doing?

He’s playing basketball.

What is she doing?

She is playing the guitar.

PROGRESSION 2 Verbs & Expressions followed by Infinitive or Gerund

Some verbs in English can be either followed by another verb + Infinitive or + Gerund (-ing).

Examples:

I have to stop smoking. (gerund)I need to study for a test. (infinitive)

It also happens to some expressions such as:

GIVE UP = She gave up studying German.FEEL LIKE = I feel like dancing all night long.

CAN’T STAND = I can’t stand listening to jazz.CAN’T HELP = Peter can’t help hitting on girls.

ENJOY = Is it followed by Infinitive or Gerund?

Gerund = Jennifer enjoys staying home on weekends.

WANT = Is it followed by Infinitive or Gerund?

Infinitive = They want to stay up all night.

QUIT = Is it followed by Infinitive or Gerund?

Gerund = He needs to quit smoking.

MIND = Is it followed by Infinitive or Gerund?

Gerund = Kathie doesn’t mind working on Sundays.

HAVE = Is it followed by Infinitive or Gerund?

Infinitive = They have to go home now.

FINISH = Is it followed by Infinitive or Gerund?

Gerund = I have to finish reading the book.

PAY ATTENTION!Some verbs can be both followed by Infinitive or Gerund.

LOVEI love to go shopping.I love going shopping.

LIKEI like to dance.I like dancing.

HATEWe hate to study math.We hate studying math.

STARTThey will start to practice now.They will start practicing now.

BEGINShe always begins to cry when he comes to class.She always begins crying when he comes to class.

REMEMBER >> Examples of verbs followed by:

INFINITIVE

WANT

NEED

HAVE

PRETEND

OFFER

etc...

GERUND

ENJOY

STOP / QUIT

FINISH

MIND

CAN’T STAND

GIVE UP

FEEL LIKE

etc...

BOTH(Infinitive/Gerund)

LOVE

LIKE

HATE

BEGIN

START

TIME TO PRACTICE!

Choose the correct option:

1. Marie and Peter love ... ( to go / going) to the mall.

2. He is going to stop ... ( to drink / drinking ) too much beer.

3. They hate ... ( to play / playing ) cards.

4. We enjoy ... ( to listen to / listening to ) classical music.

5. Gabriel needs ... ( to study / studying ) more.

6. Sheila isn’t going to give up ... ( to study / studying ) English.

7. I don’t mind ... ( to stay / staying ) here waiting for you.

8. He has ... ( to pay attention / paying attention ) to that sign.

BOTH

BOTH

PROGRESSION 3Agreeing and Disagreeing with Likes and Deslikes

Sharon: Sharon: I love ice cream.

Jennifer: Jennifer: So do I. (agreeing)

Shirley: Shirley: I enjoy going shopping.

Ashley: Ashley: Me too. (agreeing)

orI do, too.

A:A: I don’t like pizza.

B:B: Neither do I.(agreeing)

A:A: I don’t like to eat eggs.

B:B: I don’t, either.(agreeing)

OTHER EXAMPLESOTHER EXAMPLES

A:A: I can’t stand listening to jazz.

B:B: But I can. (disagreeing)

A:A: Alicia is very sad today.

B:B: But I’m not. (disagreeing)

PAY ATTENTION TO THE VERBAL TENSE!PAY ATTENTION TO THE VERBAL TENSE!

A: A: Jefferson is going to is going to eat an apple.

B:B: So am Iam I.

A:A: She can’tcan’t drive a car.

B:B: Neither cancan I.I can’tcan’t, either.

Alice:Alice: Gosh! Your brother spendsspends hours in front of the computer.

Beatrice:Beatrice: Yeah, I know...and so doesdoes my father.

Damian:Damian: I enjoyenjoy watching cartoons on TV.

Jess:Jess: But I don’tdon’t.

PROGRESSION 4Describing what people are wearing

T-SHIRT SHIRT DRESS SKIRT

SHORTS PANTS JEANS BLOUSE

TRACK SUIT SLACKS CROP PANTS PANTYHOSE

TIE BELT HAT CAP

SWEATER COAT JACKET VEST

TURTLENECK SWEATSHIRT SUIT TUX / TUXEDO

SOCKS GLOVES MITTENS BRA

UNDERWEARNIGHTGOWN PAJAMAS

SNEAKERS HIGH HEEL SHOES

SHOES SANDALS FLIP FLOPS

BOOTS

LET’S REVIEW SOME COLORS IN ENGLISH!

RED YELLOW GREEN BLUE

ORANGE PURPLE PINK GRAY

BROWN BLACK WHITE BEIGE

This is Shaggy.

He is wearing a green t-shirt, brown pants and black shoes.

DESCRIBING WHAT PEOPLE ARE WEARING

This is Marge Simpson.

She is wearing a green dress and red shoes.

This is Ben 10.

He is wearing a black and white t-shirt, green pants and black and white sneakers.

This is Cebolinha.

He is wearing a yellow t-shirt, a green jacket, jeans and red sneakers.

TIME TO PRACTICE!

What is he wearing?

What is she wearing?

What is he wearing?

What is she wearing?

What is he wearing?

What is she wearing?

What is he wearing?

And you?

What are you wearing today?

Who is wearing black shorts?Who is wearing a blue dress?

Who is wearing a yellow shirt?Who is wearing a pink dress?

Who is wearing a blue tie?Who is wearing a gray t-shirt?

LOOK AT THE PICTURE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

PROGRESSION 5Talking about Preferences

Sarah: Which car am I going to buy: a Mercedes or a BMW?

Peter: I don’t know. You choose.

Sarah: I guess I’m buying a BMW.

A: Which color do you prefer: purple, yellow or green?

B: I prefer green.

GRAMMAR NOTES

WHICH is used with or without a noun.We use it to ask about things or people

when there is a restricted choice.

Which jacket is mine: the red one or the blue one?

Which party do you want to go: Peter’s or Ann’s?

Which language do you want to learn: Chinese or Italian?

TIME TO PRACTICE!

Which of your parents do you feel closer to: your father or your mother?

Which kind of movie do you prefer: comedies or thrillers?

Which color do you like most: black or red?

Which is your favorite singer: Mariah Carey or Britney Spears?

Which holiday is your favorite: Valentine’s Day or Christmas?

Fonte: Material Skill