Post on 10-Jul-2016
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WELLCOMEWELLCOME
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WOLLO UNIVERSITYKIoT KIoT
School of EngineeringDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTERENGINEERING (ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION)
Reported By1. Amsalu Setey2. Meku Abay3. Nardos demekaw
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Host Company: Kombolcha Community Radio FM 104.8
Duration of internship: 4 Months (October- January)
Mentor: Mr. Abdul-Aziz D. Mentor: Mr. Abdul-Aziz D.
Submission date: March 2016
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• Background of Kombolcha Community FM Radio 104.8
• over all internship experience
• Over all Benefits we gained from the Internship
• Conclusion and recommendation
contents
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• Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio
broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting.
Community stations serve geographic communities and communities
of interest.
1. INTRODUCTION
•Community radio has developed in Ethiopia fastly.
• Kombolcha community radio is community-run local radio station
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• Kombolcha community radio is community-run local radio station
serving the city of Kombolcha and its environment, It reaches a
potential audience of 180,000 people living within a 50 km radius of its
transmitter mast. The station broadcasts in Amharic for 10 hours per
day from 2:00 to 12:00 O’clock.
•FM Kombolcha is operated by the Kombolcha community.
Brief history of the Organization
•The movement starts in the last of 1998 E.C
•It gets permission from the broadcast office in June 1998 E.C
• July 2002 E.C the first Sunday in the program “leman ygabzalu” startsits regular programs
•July 14 2002 E.C invites the late mayor of Kombolcha town Mr.Getawey Yrga in the program of “min yteykalu.”
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Main services of the company
The main service of the company is transmitting Informationthrough radio and.
• provide a development forum for the community;
• encourage participatory community development;
• promote active involvement of underprivileged groups such as• promote active involvement of underprivileged groups such aswomen and young people;
• intensify the sharing of information within the community
1.3 Main customers
• The customers of the Organization are mainly the society of theKombolcha.
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Over all organization structure of the company
CommunityMembers
Radio Council
Radio Council
Fig.1 flow chart of organizationstructureRadio Council
Radio Board
Sub-committees
StationManager
Technical Program News Marketing Admin/HR Account8
Work flow in the station
•Here the community members will elect their representatives to the
Radio Council which in turn forms statutory committees and
Radio Board.
•The Board forms required sub-committees and appoints Station
Manager.
•Under the Station Manager the management structure will be
established
to take care of the day to day operations of the radio.
•Diagrammatically the structure is shown above.
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2. over all internship experience
How we get into the company•We have got the chance to enter to the Kombolcha FM 104.8 by thetreatment of both the office university industry linkage and themanagement of the station.
The section we have been working onThe section we have been working on
Kombolcha Fm 104.8 was assign in to practices in FM studio and audio editing and we was start our practice in this section.
i. How FM studio worksii. Audio editing iii. All about studio equipments
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How FM Studio WorksThe Concept of Modulation
Electricity in the air is nothing but random noise. To be turned into useful
signals that transmit information (music or voice) it must be modulated, and
modulation is the basis for AM and FM radio signals.
The electromagnetic radiation must be modulated or changed to be useful
as a radio transmission. Without modulation, no information is carried in a as a radio transmission. Without modulation, no information is carried in a
radio signal. Modulation is an easy concept to understand and is all around
us. Our sense of vision is a good example of how modulation works.
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FM Transmission System
FM radio uses the Electrical image of a sound source to modulate
the frequency of a carrier wave. At the receiver end in the detection
process, that image is stripped back off the carrier and turned back
Conti..
process, that image is stripped back off the carrier and turned back
into sound by a loudspeaker.
When information is broadcast from an FM radio station, the
electrical image of the sound (taken from a microphone or other
program source) is used to modulate the frequency of the carrier wave
transmitted from the broadcast antenna of the radio station.12
FM Radio Broadcasts
FM radio uses frequency modulation, which changes or modulates the
frequency of the unmodulated signal while keeping the amplitude of the
signal constant. When the frequency is modulated, music or talk is
transmitted via the carrier frequency.
FM radio operates in the range of 87.0MHz to 108.0MHz, a much FM radio operates in the range of 87.0MHz to 108.0MHz, a much
higher range of frequencies than AM radio. The distance ranges for FM
transmissions are more limited than AM
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Audio editing using audacity
Audacity is an open source cross platform audio editor. We have beenworking on this software for many times to edit the audio. Below is partview of audacity software
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Getting to know the studio
The studio-suite, that is the studio and its associated control centre, is the workshop of broadcasting.
Studio systems
single FM processing system 15
Studio Equipments and Their use in Studio
Studio equipments can be classified as transmissionequipments example computers, microphone and studioequipments let us see one by one as follow;
Source equipments
The source equipment in a studio may include CD players,The source equipment in a studio may include CD players,turntables, and cassette Players or even reel-to-reel tapeplayers.
Computers
There are a number of uses for computers in the studio, and the requirements for a computer will depend on its intended use. It is used mainly to
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Microphones
•Microphones change the sound waves to electrical energy. A studio
should have one microphone for each DJ or host and a few for the
guests. In any studio having lots of microphones active at once leads
to a lot of background noise.
•Microphones can be either directional or Omni-directional.•Microphones can be either directional or Omni-directional.
Mixer
• An audio mixer takes input from multiple audio sources and lets the
user determine which channels to use in the output, and at what levels.
• Allows the jockey to control various aspects of radio broadcast
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Fig.1 mixer XB-1418
FM tuner• It is important to have an FM tuner so the DJ can listen to the signal that is being sent over the airwaves.
Monitor speakers•Monitor speakers let the DJ listen to what they are playing. Themonitor speakers might be internally amplified, or might require anexternal amp for power. It is used in the studio to monitor the quality ofbroadcast HeadphonesHeadphones• Headphones are the equipment used in the studio. These convert electrical signal into audible signal. • It is used in the radio station to monitor the audio output and for the communication between radio presenter and technicians.
Most studios will have at least one telephone. If you plan to put callerson the air, you will need a Telephone Hybrid. The hybrid feeds thesignal from the phone line into the console, and feeds another signalback to the caller.
Telephone system
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Audio cables and connectors
Audio cables transmit audio signals from one place to another,
such as from an audio source to the console or mixer.
Two-Bay Stacked Dipole Antenna
The antennas must be attached to a 3-4 metre long metal pole with a
diameter of 25-50cm. This mast must be placed as high as possible, to
cover as large an area as possible.cover as large an area as possible.
FM Transmitter
The transmitter is the heart of the transmission system. Connecting this
300 Watt transmitter with a stacked dipole antenna will provide an
average of 550 Watts ERP (including cable loss).
It’s function in the studio is for sending radio signals which are coming
from the transmitter 20
• During our internship at Kombolcha community radio FM 104.8 we had gain many benefits .
• During these four months of our internship program we was able to
bridge the gap between student life and professional life.
3. Over all Benefits we gained from the Internship
• This has opened doors for us to understand what is waiting for us • This has opened doors for us to understand what is waiting for us
when we finish our graduate studies at this field.
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Theoretical Knowledge
Learning the different studio equipments with their application in the studio.
Learning different kinds of electronics devices and their use in real
life. Example: mixer, mice, pc, video switcher, monitor and so on.
Interpersonal Communication Skills
The development of interpersonal skills being early in life and is
influenced by family, friends and our observation. So communicating
skills had to come handy at these times.
In short, during these four months we had been able to upgrade our
speaking skills. 22
During these times we have been able to observe that one should
have great skills to be a leader. Among them:-Good speaking ability, To
have the ability to listen to others
To be decisive, Good management skills…and so on
Leadership Skills
Work Ethics
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Work Ethics
Our supervisor was always advising us that we should be an ethical
and responsible professionals for the future. He has been showing how
to develop this good behaviour during our stay on the company with
him.
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
•As it is known, the main goal of internship program is to integrate the
theoretically acquired concepts with a tangible practical demonstration.
•General speaking during the internship program a lots of knowledge
and skills have been gained. This program helps students to develop
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and skills have been gained. This program helps students to develop
practical knowledge that can be applied in the real world, how to solve
the problems related to any professional areas, how to meet challenges.
Recommendation
Strength
•Since the company has good outlooks, attitudes and respect for
interns, the intern suggest that the company must keep up as it
deems necessary for the interns
Weakness
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Weakness
•The company does not have enough class rooms. Therefore, it must
construct other enough class room for the feature.
•Technicians are not skilful.
•The Company have not enough materials compare to other FM radio
stations
THANK YOU
THE END
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THANK YOU