Perception without judgment is spineless;

judgment with no perception is blind.

Introversion lacking any extraversion is impractical;

extraversion with no introversion is superficial.

Isabel Briggs Myers (Myers 174)

• According to Carl Jung, every individual has some basic preferences which become basis for similarities and differences between them

•Mother-daughter team, Katherine Briggs & Isabel Myers expanded on Jung’s work and developed MBTI, an instrument to help people identify their preferences

• Used globally both in education and corporate settings

STRUCTURE OF MBTI:• Includes 93 questions• Only two choices for each

question – Word Pairs or Short Statements• Words & Statements chosen to

reflect dichotomy preference• Example :

I prefer to work a. Alone b. In a team

EXTRAVERSION & INTRAVERSION

(WHERE DO YOU GET YOUR ENERGIES FROM?)

SENSING & INTUTION (HOW DO YOU PREFER TO TAKE IN INFORMATION?)

THINKING & FEELING (HOW DO YOU MAKE

DECISIONS?)

JUDGING & PERCEIVING (HOW DO YOU DEAL WITH THE

OUTERWORLD?)

FOUR DICHOTOMIES OF

MBTI

E – I DICHOTOMY (ENERGY)

Extraversion is act of being energised by the world

outside. Enjoy socializing, tend to be more assertive,

enthusiastic, talkative & animated.

Introversion is state of being predominately concerned

with one’s inner world. Tend to be more quiet, reserved

and peaceful.

S – I DICHOTOMY (INFORMATION)

Sensing refers to processing data through five senses. Focus on the present and prefer to learn by doing rather than thinking it

through.

Intuition refers to how people process data. Keener to the meaning and patterns

behind information. Easily see the bigger picture than

the details.

T – F DICHOTOMY (DECISIONS)

Thinking refers to how people make decisions. Objective and base their decisions on hard

logic and facts. Analytical, prefer to be task oriented and fair.

Feeling people base their decisions on personal values and

principles. Governed by their heart and want to maintain harmony among the group.

J – P DICHOTOMY (LIFESTYLE)

Judging people are organized & prompt. Find the outcome more

rewarding than the process of creating something. They seek

closure.

Perceiving people prefer flexibility and live their life

spontaneously. Dislike structure and prefer to adapt to new

situations. Open to new options and experiences. Enjoy the

process more than the outcome.

16 PERSONALITY TYPE DESCRIPTIONS:

ESTJ: The Guardian Reliable, Realistic, Assertive

ESFJ: The Caregiver Practical, Organized, Excellent Leader

ISTJ: The Duty Fulfiller Loyal, Logical, Responsible

ISFJ: The Nurturer Traditional, Supportive, Dutiful

ESTP: The Doer Friendly, Spontaneous, Direct

ESFP: The Performer Observant, Artistic, Caring

INTJ: The Scientist Determined, Individualistic, Perfectionist

INTP: The Thinker Reserved, Logical, Understanding

ENFJ: The Giver Altruistic, Friendly, Idealistic

ENFP: The Inspirer Animated, Inspiring, Admired

INFJ : The Protector Compassionate, Gentle, Creative

INFP: The Idealist Introspective, Warm, Helpful

ISTP: The Mechanic Analytical, Adaptable, Objective

ENTJ: The Executive Charismatic, Inspiring, Decisive

ENTP: The Visionary Curious, Innovative, Outgoing

ISFP: The Artist Tolerant, Realistic, Adaptable

PROS:• Helps in realizing strengths and

weaknesses of oneself and others.• Facilitates an understanding and

appreciation of differences among human beings.

• Fair Analysis. All types are equal.

CONS:• Measures preferences , not the

actual person• Type descriptions are archetype• Reliability is low. Particularly for

children since they are in growing age

• Does not measure personalities, traits and character.