NARRATIVE POINT OF VIEWWhat do you know about narrative point of view?

Narrative Point of View• Refers to how the story is narrated• Who is telling the story?

There are five types of narrative point of view• First Person• Second Person• Third Person Objective• Third Person Limited• Third Person Omniscient

First Person

•The narrator is a character in the story who can reveal only his/her personal thoughts and feelings, and what he or she sees. Uses I, we, me, etc.

•He can’t tell us thoughts of other characters, nor what another character is doing unless they are in his presence.

Second Person

•Rarely used in a narrative•appears in letters, speeches, and instructions.

•uses the pronoun you to directly address the reader

Third Person (Limited)

•The narrator is an outsider who can report what he or she sees and hears.

•Pronouns such as he or she are used.•He can tell us the thoughts of that one character.• Think of this as someone having a little “birdie” on their shoulder. They can tell you what is going on around them AND what that one person thinks.

Third Person (Objective)

• The narrator is an outsider who can report only what he or she sees and hears.

• Pronouns such as he or she are used.• The narrator can tell us what is happening, but he can’t tell us the thoughts of any of the characters.

• Think of this as watching a video of something happening. You can see what happened, but you don’t know what anyone is thinking.

Third Person (Omniscient)•The narrator is an all-knowing outsider •Can enter the minds of more than one of the characters.

•Can tell us the actions, as well as the thoughts, of more than one character.

• This narrator is like God—they can see everything that happens whenever it happens, and they know what everyone is thinking.

CHARACTER’S POINT OF VIEWWhat would you think if I asked what a character’s point of view is?

Character’s point of view• May include the character’s opinion• May include the character’s past or perspective• May include the character’s stance on a topic

CHARACTERIZATIONWhat do you know about characterization?

CharacterizationCharacterization is how the author develops characters’ personalities within a story. The author may reveal details about characters in several ways:

a)His/her physical appearanceb)What he/she says, thinks, or feelsc)What he/she does or does not dod)What others say about him/her and how others react to him/her

THEMEWhat do you know about theme?

Theme• A message about life or human nature that a writer wants

you to understand. • This message can often be summed up in a sentence,

such as “Hardship can bring friends closer.” • Sometimes stated directly by the author• Sometimes readers must figure it out• Usually revealed at the end of a story

Theme may be revealed in:• Title

• What ideas does the title emphasize?• Plot

• What conflicts do the characters face?• How are the conflicts resolved?

Theme may be revealed in:• Characters

• How do the characters respond to the conflicts?• How and why do the characters change?• What lessons do the characters learn?

• Setting• How does the setting influence the characters?• How does the setting affect the conflicts?• What might the setting represent?