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Slide 1
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
EPRI 1003313
MECHANICAL SERIES
MODULE 17
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
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Slide 2
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
1. Describe typical application of pump types Reciprocating Pumps Rotary Pumps
2. Define/Describe !ingle acting and double acting "et positive suction #ead!lippage
$ead vs. Resistance%avitation &as binding
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Slide 3
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
'. Describe typical met#ods for
performance testing(isual/)uditory(ibration*lo+ testing
. plain limitation of s#op curves
. Define/Describe typical mec#anical
failures and mitigation strategies
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Slide 4
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
0. it# a given set of conditionssystem resistance, #ead curve,temperature, suction pressure3,evaluate for
Pump si4e "et Positive 5nlet Pressure
"P5P3 re6uired
%avitation potential
fficiency
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Slide 5
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
Vane
Lobe
Screw
Piston
Pumps
Positive
Displacement
Kinetic (e.g., Centrifugal)Gear
PistonPlunger
Diap!ragm
"otar#
"eciprocating
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Slide 6
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PD Pump Curve
Pump
$ea%
&low "ate
'%eal
"eal
Slippage
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Slide 7
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TYPES
!ingle-)cting Double-)cting
Direct-)cting 5ndirect-)cting
!imple Duple Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
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Slide 8
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TYPES
Single-Acting Pumps 8 ma9es only one suctionand disc#arge stro9e for one completereciprocating cycle.
Double-Acting Pumps 8 ma9es t+o suction anddisc#arge stro9es for one complete reciprocatingcycle.
Reciprocating Pumps
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Slide 9
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TYPES
Reciprocating Pumps
Direct-Acting Pumps 8 #as a plunger on t#e li6uid end t#atis directly driven by t#e pump rod.
Indirect-Acting Pumps 8 driven by means of a beam orlin9age connected to and actuated by t#e po+er piston rodof a separate reciprocating engine.
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Slide 10
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TYPES
(alve :pen as
*or+ard !tro9e
(alve %lose as
*or+ard !tro9e
Simplex Single-Acting Liquid nd
Reciprocating Pumps
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Slide 11
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TYPES
Simplex Double-Acting Liquid nd
(alve :pen as
*or+ard !tro9e
(alve %lose as
*or+ard !tro9e
(alve %lose as
*or+ard !tro9e
(alve :pen as
*or+ard !tro9e
Reciprocating Pumps
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Slide 12
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TYPES
&ear Pumps
;obe Pumps
(ane Pumps
!cre+ Pumps
Rotar! Pumps
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Slide 13
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TYPES
Lobe Pump
"ear Pump
EPRI PSE
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Slide 14
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TYPES
#ane Pump
Single Scre$ Pump
EPRI PSE
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Slide 15
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP SELECTION
!election *actors
PD Pumps (ersus %entrifugal Pumps
%#aracteristics of PD pump
EPRI PSE
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Slide 16
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP SELECTION
Selection %actors&
!elf Priming
)brasion Resistance
%ontrol Re6uirements (ariation in *lo+
(iscosity
Density
%orrosion
EPRI PSE
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Slide 17
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP SELECTION
Positive Displacement Pump #ersus
Centri'ugal Pump Curves
EPRI PSE
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Slide 18
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP SELECTION
Positive Displacement Pump #ersus
Centri'ugal Pump Curves
EPRI PSE
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Slide 19
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP SELECTION
Positive Displacement Pump #ersus
Centri'ugal Pump
EPRI PSE
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Slide 20
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP SELECTION
PD Pumps CentrifugalPumps
Rotary Reciprocating
Max. Viscosity
(cSt / SSU
1,<<,<<< / 0,=<<,<<< 11,<<< / <,<<< 1,<<< / ,<
Max. Capacity
(M!
/"r / #PM
7< / ','<< 1,1< / ,<<< 27, 2< / 12<,<<<
Max. Pressure (psi ',<<< >p to 1<<,<<< ,<<<
Pumping Efficiency cellent )verage
Energy Costs cellent )verage
Self$Priming ?es "o
%lo& Control cellent Poor
'ife$Cycle Cost &ood &ood
Initial Cost )verage cellent
Comparison (et$een Rotar! ) Centri'ugal Pumps
EPRI PSE
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Slide 21
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP SELECTION
)daptable to $ig# Pressure :peration
(ariable *lo+ Rate @#roug# t#e Pump
Maimum @#roug#puts are ;imited by Mec#anical
%onsiderations
%apable of fficient Performance at tremely ;o+(olume @#roug#put Rates
Performance ;imits
Plunger or Piston
Characteristics o' PD Pumps&
EPRI PSE
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Slide 22
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP & HEAD TERMINOLOGY
AernoulliBs 6uation
*luid $ead @erminology
"et Positive !uction $ead
EPRI PSE
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Slide 23
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP & HEAD TERMINOLOGY
(ernoulli*s quation
g
V Z
P h E
g
V Z
P f p
22
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1++=−+++
ρ ρ
#ere,
P1, P2 is Pressure at Points 1 and 2
ρis *luid Density
C1, C2 is !tatic levation at Points 1 and 2
(1, (2 is (elocity at Points 1 and 2 p is nergy )dded by Pump
#f is *riction ;oss Aet+een Points 1 and 2
*p, !f
P, V
Point
P+, V+
Point +
+
EPRI PSE
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Slide 24
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP & HEAD TERMINOLOGY
%luid +ead ,erminolog!
Pressure $ead, # p P/ρ, is Pressure nergy
levation $ead, #e C, is Potential nergy
(elocity $ead, #v (2/2g, is Einetic nergy
Pump $ead, p is increase in fluid energy from pump +or9
EPRI PSE
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Slide 25
EPRI PSE
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP & HEAD TERMINOLOGY
*riction $ead, #f is energy re6uired to overcome
resistance
!tatic !uction $ead, #s is vertical distance above
center of pump to fluid source !tatic Disc#arge $ead, #d is vertical distance
above center of pump to level of disc#arge tan9
%luid +ead ,erminolog! Continue
EPRI PSE
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Slide 26
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP & HEAD TERMINOLOGY
,otal D!namic +ead - $ is t#e net disc#arge#ead minus net suction #ead
f p h g
V Z
P
g
V Z
P E H −++−++==
2
2
2
11
1
2
22
2
ρ ρ
%luid +ead ,erminolog! Continue
f s h g
V Z
P H −++=
2
2
1
1
1
ρ
.et Suction +ead - $s is total energy of fluid
entering pump
EPRI PSE
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Slide 27
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP & HEAD TERMINOLOGY
.et Positive Suction +ead Available - is t#e fluid energy
at t#e inlet to t#e pump above t#e fluidBs vapor pressure.
.et Positive Suction +ead /.PS+0
vp s h H NPSHA −=
#ere,
$s, is "et !uction $ead$vp is *luidBs (apor Pressure
EPRI PSE
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Slide 28
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP & HEAD TERMINOLOGY
.et Positive Suction +ead /.PS+0
.et Positive Suction +ead Required 8 is t#e minimum
fluid energy re6uired at t#e inlet to t#e pumpBs operation.
@#is is specified by t#e pump manufacturer.
EPRI PSE
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Slide 29
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
!team Pumps
Po+er Pumps
Diap#ragm Pumps
Rotary Pumps
!cre+ Pumps
PD PUMP DESIGN & APPLICATION
EPRI PSE
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Slide 30
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PD PUMP DESIGN & APPLICATION
Steam nd Liquid nd
Steam Pumps
EPRI PSE
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Slide 31
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PD PUMP OPERATIONS & PROBLEMS
PD Pump :perating Point
5nternal Pressure Relief (alve
:verall >nit fficiency
(olumetric fficiency
Multiple PD Pumps in Parallel
5nade6uate "P!$
Pump %avitation
&as Ainding
PD Pump Pulsations
$ig# Disc#arge Pressure
@#ermal Problems
EPRI PSE
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Slide 32
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
S#stem $ea% Loss Curve(!en Disc!arge valve is &ull
-pen)
PD Pump
C!aracteristic Curve
Pump -perating Point
%lo& Rate
Pump"ea
S#stem $ea% Loss Curve (!en
Disc!arge valve is partiall#
t!rottle%)
Pump 1perating Point
PD PUMP OPERATIONS & PROBLEMS
EPRI PSE
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Slide 33
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
S#stem $ea% Loss Curve
Pump C!aracteristic Curve
for -ne Pump
ew Pump -perating Point (&low is
%ouble%)
%lo& Rate
Pump "ea
ew Pump C!aracteristic Curve
w!en bot! pumps are operating
-perating Point
of -ne Pump
Multiple PD Pumps in Parallel
PD PUMP OPERATIONS & PROBLEMS
EPRI PSE
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Slide 34
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PD PUMP OPERATIONS & PROBLEMS
PD Pump Pulsations
Drain
Suction
Pulsation
Dampener
Disc!arge
/ac0
Pressure
Valve
Pulsation
Dampener
Drain
/ac0 Pressure
Valve
Suction
Disc!arge
Suction Side Installation Discharge Side Installation
EPRI PSE
M h i l M d l 17 P i i Di l P
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Slide 35
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP PERFORMANCE TESTING
(isual/)uditory @esting
(ibration @esting
*lo+/ Pressure @esting
EPRI PSE
M h i l M d l 17 P i i Di l P
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Slide 36
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING
"o ;i6uid Disc#arge
Delivers ;ess t#an rated capacity
Pressure loss
cessive noise and vibration>se of too muc# po+er
!torage of pump parts
EPRI PSE
M h i l M d l 17 P iti Di l t P
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Slide 37
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
Must be capable of being fabricated into t#e form desired.
Must be able to +it#stand t#e stresses imposed by t#eintended service.
Must be resistant to t#e corrosion-erosion imposed by t#esystem.
Must be commercially available and economical to use.
EPRI PSE
M h i l M d l 17 P iti Di l t P
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Slide 38
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
NUCLEAR CONSIDERATIONS
"uclear safety related pumps must be able operate under+orst case conditions for flo+rates, running duration andenvironmental conditions i.e. temperature, #umidity, etc.3.@#ese issues must be considered, in addition to FnormalGoperating conditions over t#e life of t#e plant.
EPRI PSE
Mechanical Module 17 Positive Displacement Pumps
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Slid 39
Mechanical , Module 17-Positive Displacement Pumps
INDUSTRY OPERATING EXPERIENCE
!:R!
"R% Aulletins or &eneric ;etters
;icensing %ommitment
Plant !pecific %alculations and/or Procedures