Polypropylene Carbonate- Chain Extension Studies

Murali Reddy, Manjusri Misra, Amar Mohanty Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre,

Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada

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Outline ▪Introduction

▪Experimental

▪Results

▪Conclusions

▪Future work

▪Acknowledgments

CO2 Emissions

GDP, Energy Demand & CO2 Emissions

GDP, Energy Demand & CO2 Emissions

BHP Billiton, 2014

Carbon Capture and Utilization

Sequestration

Utilization

Conversion

Non-Conversion

Mineralization

Biological

Liquid Fuels Polymers Urea

Carbonates Concrete

Algae

Chemical

CO2 Polymer Co-Polymerization

Catalyst

Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) Advantages

▪Biodegradable & Biocompatible ▪Elongation at Break ▪Barrier Property

Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) Disadvantages

▪Thermal Stability ▪Glass Transition Temperature ▪Molecular Weight

Experimental

Specific Mechanical Energy

Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC), a product of Zhejiang Hangzhou Xinfu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., China

CESA®ExtendOMAN698493 was provided by Clariant®

Processing temperature:180 °C, Screw speed :100 rpm

Compression Molding: Carver Press

Pneumatic Cutter : ASTM D638 Type IV specimen.

Characterization

Dynamic Rheology Tests

Parallel-Plate Geometry

( Anton Paar MCR 302)

Dynamic frequency sweep : 1 % strain

Frequency Range of 0.1 to 500 rad/ s

Temperature : 180 ° C.

Tensile Test

ASTM D638

Instron (model 3382)

Crosshead speed: 50 mm/min

TGA

FTIR

Online Reaction Monitoring Axial force was normalized by FPPC The normalized force increased with CESA content and time Higher content of chain extender lead to melt strengthening of PPC

Storage Modulus

Storage modulus is sensitive to the melt elasticity of a polymer network Higher G’ values at lower frequencies might be due to increasing chain extension/branching levels

Complex Viscosity

Complex viscosity for CESA blends at lower frequencies are higher compared to pure PPC. This might be due to extended chains of PPC with the addition of CESA

FTIR

PPC 1748 cm−1 −C=O bond and the peak at 1230 cm−1 C−O Ester groups in CESA almost disappeared

Stress vs. Strain

Yield and max stress improved with CESA content Improved tensile strength and modulus with CESA content

Tensile Properties

Tensile Strength

(MPa)

Tensile Modulus

(GPa)

Percent elongation

PPC 13.3±0.10 0.65±0.09 519±9

PPC-CESA991 15.6±1.06 0.91±1.06 374±60

PPC-CESA982 16.2±0.29 0.86±0.07 458±20

PPC-CESA973 18.3±0.96 1.1±0.16 385±64

Conclusions

▪PPC was chain extended using epoxide additive ▪Epoxide additive help in melt strengthening of PPC ▪Tensile strength , modulus were improved without significant reduction in elongation

Future Work

▪Determine Mol. Wt. changes ▪Morphology ▪Thermal studies

Acknowledgements

▪This research is financially supported by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)- University of Guelph Bioeconomy Industrial uses Research Program Project # - 200369.

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